SARI/ENERGY PHASE III FINAL EVALUATION
March, 2011
This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was 
prepared by David Altus Garner, Team Leader; Linda Kalver, Co-Team Leader; Gopinath Iyengar, Sr. Energy 
Analyst; and Devendra Adhikari, Sr. Energy Analyst
through Social Impact.

SARI/ENERGY PHASE III
FINAL EVALUATION
DISCLAIMER
The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of 
the United States Agency for International Development or the United States 
Government.

This document is available in printed or online versions. Documents are also made available through the 
Development Experience Clearing House (www.dec.org). Additional information can be obtained from:
Social Impact, Inc.
2300 Clarendon Boulevard
Arlington, VA, 22201
Tel: (703) 465-1884 
Fax: (703) 465-1888 
info@socialimpact.com 
This document was submitted by Social Impact, Inc., with Management Systems International, Inc, to the 
United States Agency for International Development under USAID Contract No. RAN-I-00-09-00019-00. 

SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation i 
ACRONYMS
ADB Asian Development Bank
AIT Asian Institute of Technology
CASA-1000 Central Asia-South Asia 1000
CEB Ceylon Electricity Board
COP, DCOP Chief of Party, Deputy Chief of Party
DABS National Public Utility for Power
IEA International Energy Agency
KI Key Informant
LRC Lighting Resource Center at Rensselaer, USA
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MW Megawatt
NEA Nepal Electricity Authority
NPTI National Power Training Institute
NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
RCL Regional Center for Learning
REC Renewable Energy Certificates
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SARI/E South Asia Regional Initiative for Energy
SMB Social Merchant Bank
TA Technical Assistance
TAPI Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline
USEA United States Energy Association
USG United States Government
WB World Bank
WISER Women’s Institute for Sustainable Energy Research
WRI World Resources Institute
ii SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS........................................................................................................................................................................ i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................. iv
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Objectives....................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Background.................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Impact (and outputs and outcomes).......................................................................................................................... iv
Conclusions..................................................................................................................................................................... v
Relevance.................................................................................................................................................................... v
Effectiveness.............................................................................................................................................................. v
Efficiency .................................................................................................................................................................. vi
Sustainability ............................................................................................................................................................ vii
Project assistance completion date (PACD) extension....................................................................................viii
High Priority Recommendations.............................................................................................................................. viii
Overarching Goals, and Sharpening Project Focus.........................................................................................viii
Expand SARI/E IV’s Advisory Board...............................................................................................................viii
Decentralize Project Staffing ................................................................................................................................. ix
Strategic Plans and Work Planning Sessions....................................................................................................... ix
Centers of Excellence.............................................................................................................................................. ix
The Northeast Portion of the Sub-Continent—a Potential Model................................................................. ix
Harmonization and Governance Issues for Regional Energy.......................................................................... ix
Wind Energy.............................................................................................................................................................. x
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................. 1
Background on the South Asian energy sector......................................................................................................... 1
Evaluation methodologies............................................................................................................................................ 4
IMPACTS (including outputs and outcomes)................................................................................................................ 4
Findings........................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Cross-border movement of energy ........................................................................................................................ 5
Clean Energy.............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Regional Markets....................................................................................................................................................... 6
SARI III Training...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Centers of Excellence............................................................................................................................................... 7
Technical Assistance (TA)....................................................................................................................................... 8
Conclusions, Impacts.................................................................................................................................................... 8
Relevance.............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
EFFECTIVENESS..........................................................................................................................................................11
EFFICIENCY...................................................................................................................................................................12
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation iii
SUSTAINABILITY.........................................................................................................................................................19
PROJECT ASSISTANCE COMPLETION DATE (PACD) EXTENSION......................................................21
General Recommendations for SARI/E Phase IV.....................................................................................................21
Higher priority recommendations............................................................................................................................. 22
Secondary recommendations.....................................................................................................................................25
Tertiary recommendations..........................................................................................................................................27
Appendix 1: Summaries of Impact of SARI III, by Country ...................................................................................29
Afghanistan—Summary of Impact........................................................................................................................... 29
BANGLADESH—Summary of Impact .................................................................................................................29
Bhutan—Summary of Impact ...................................................................................................................................30
Maldives—Summary of Impact................................................................................................................................. 30
Nepal—Summary of Impact......................................................................................................................................30
Pakistan—Summary of Impact..................................................................................................................................31
Sri Lanka—Summary of Impact................................................................................................................................ 31
India—Summary of Impact .......................................................................................................................................32
Appendix 2: List of Possible SARI/E IV activities for Pakistan.............................................................................34
Appendix 3: Illustrative list of possible Mini-grid Micro-Hydro Sites in Nepal....................................................36
Appendix 4: A list of Indian organizations working with SARI/Energy ................................................................ 38
Appendix 5: People Consulted and/or Interviewed..................................................................................................39
Appendix 6: Summary Write Up: Center of Excellence, Regional Center for Lighting ......................................53
Appendix 7: Evaluation, Scope of Work .....................................................................................................................54
Appendix 8: Background Quantitative DATA relating to training .........................................................................60
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1: Percent of Population with Access to Electricity………………………………………………....2
Figure 2: South Asian Countries: Total Installed Capacity of Grid Electric Energy...............................................2
Figure 3: South Asian Countries: Per Capita Consumption of grid electricity........................................................3
Table 1: Status of Selected Cross-Border Projects in South Asia...............................................................................5
Figure 4: Possible approach to decentralization……………………………………………………………16
iv SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
From November 8 through December 31, 2010, a four-person team representing Social Impact (SI) and sub￾contractor, Management Systems International (MSI), evaluated Phase III of the South Asia Regional 
Initiative for Energy (SARI/E). The team was composed of David Garner (team leader), Linda Kalver (co￾team leader), Senior Energy Analyst Gopinath Iyengar, an Indian national from Bangalore and Devendra 
Adhikari, Nepalese citizen, also a senior energy analyst. After initial preparations in Washington, D.C. and 
New Delhi, the team divided into two smaller sub-teams. One team traveled to Sri Lanka, the Maldives, 
Bangladesh and India. The other traveled to Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bhutan. Typically, the team 
spent three to five days in each country doing interviews. The teams traveled more than 20,000 air miles in 
the region, and interviewed approximately 175 stakeholders and key informants. The judgments and 
conclusions that follow are largely the result of this travel and the interviews. 
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the evaluation were to: (1) determine the overall impact of SARI/E activities; (2) test the 
continued validity of the program hypotheses; (3) explore the extent to which the program strengthened 
institutional capacity, promoted dialogues and coalitions, and the formation of regional networks and centers 
of excellence to influence decision makers; and (4) recommend whether the next phase of SARI/E should be 
undertaken.
BACKGROUND 
According to the International Energy Agency, sixty percent of the people of South Asia have no access to 
electricity, and between 800–900 million people still depend upon biomass for cooking. Individual countries’
total installed capacity of grid energy varies hugely across the region. India, for example, has an installed capacity 
of nearly 160,000 MW, while the Maldives has an installed capacity of only 160 MW. However, when one 
looks at the consumption of power, India consumes only 566 kilowatt hours per capita, and consumption 
figures decrease precipitously as one moves out towards the periphery of South Asia. Nepal consumes ninety 
kilowatt hours per capita; Afghanistan consumes only thirty-eight. 
IMPACT (AND OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES)
What was the impact of activities implemented under SARI/E (Phase III)? 
• Cross border energy. Today, sub-regional grids are in the process of being established, gradually, 
across certain parts of the subcontinent. At least five have benefited from SARI/E’s support.
• Clean Energy. NREL has completed important wind and solar mapping exercises in seven countries. 
This has already facilitated installation of thirty MW wind power plants in Sri Lanka. Other important 
initiatives involving clean energy include two centers of excellence: one for micro hydro in Nepal, 
and a second for lighting efficiency in Sri Lanka.
• Regional Markets. In 2008, India established a platform for the short-term sale and purchase of 
electricity. Under SARI/E’s exchange program, power sector officials from Bhutan and Bangladesh 
recently were oriented to these trade mechanisms in India. They are now exploring the establishment 
of similar power exchanges in their countries. 
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation v 
• Training: SARI/E Phase III trained 1450 trainees (seventeen percent of whom were women) for 
nearly 10,000 total person-days of training, at a cost of $8.6 million. Cost per participant averaged 
approximately $6000. The average cost per training day was $900.
CONCLUSIONS 
Overall, the impact for SARI/Energy has been significant, particularly for a regionally oriented process-type 
Program with difficult to measure outcomes or results. One of SARI/E’s most significant impacts has been 
the development of networks among technical personnel working in the energy sectors in South Asia. These 
individuals now know one another and this network extends across borders. This represents a major step 
forward. 
Are partners meeting their responsibilities under their contracts or grants? 
Conclusion
Are partners planning their individual activities with the broader objectives and sub-objectives in mind? 
: Yes. Partners are fully meeting their contractual responsibilities. 
Conclusion: Partners would like to work more closely together. If future project planning systems 
are modified, they can formulate better work plans addressing larger objectives. 
Relevance 
Are the original hypotheses upon which the program was designed still valid? 
 Conclusion
Does the SARI/E program continue to respond to needs in the region? Has the program positioned itself to take advantage of 
emerging opportunities to promote greater cooperation in energy and regional stability? 
: Yes. The original hypotheses remain valid, and relevant. 
Conclusion
In light of current needs and opportunities for regional cooperation in energy, is there a need for an extension of the SARI/E 
program to meet the program objectives? 
: SARI/E remains fully relevant to the needs of the region and has positioned itself to 
take advantage of emerging opportunities. 
Conclusion: Yes, there is a clear need for extending SARI/E to meet program objectives. 
Effectiveness
To date, has the program management structure been effective in ensuring maximum coordination of activities under SARI/E so 
to avoid duplication of effort? 
Conclusion
Are there gaps in coordination that potentially hinder the achievement of results, or which fail to take advantage of synergies 
among individual activities? 
: The evaluation found no evidence of duplication of effort among implementing 
partners, in part because partners are largely working in separate areas. Capacity building or training 
by a contractor will sometimes overlap with efforts by another contractor who might be responsible 
for providing analytical and technical support. This is different from duplication. 
Conclusion: Both the coordination and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) functions can be 
improved through the use of different organizational modalities. Planning among partners can be 
vi SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
more collaborative. Monitoring and evaluation activities can be expanded to enhance feedback
loops. 
Efficiency
If possible, determine if results achieved under SARI/E are being produced at an acceptable cost compared with alternative 
approaches accomplishing the same objectives. 
Conclusion
What alternative approaches exist which could achieve results at greater efficiency and what mechanisms can be recommended for 
implementing the alternative approaches? 
: Different service providers provide different kinds of training. The United States 
Energy Association’s (USEA) training costs, for example, typically include substantial international 
travel, which helps account for the difference in average cost per participant; Tetra Tech’s training is 
done in the region (USEA $7,356 per participant, versus Tetra Tech’s $4,817). On balance, the 
evaluation team concludes that SARI/E costs for training appear reasonable. Training could be 
carried out less expensively, if more were done virtually, through on-line teaching or video
teleconferencing. This could lower costs, but might impact one of the most important collateral 
benefits of SARI/E training, which involves face-to-face encounters among professionals working in 
the power sector. This cross-border networking function has provided good value for money to 
date, and has laid the foundations for possible enhanced regional connectivity under Phase IV. 
Conclusion
How well have implementing partners worked as a team to coordinate work plans and activities to achieve the overall objectives of 
the SARI/E program? 
: SARI/E can improve its overall planning procedures. Implementing partners can 
jointly prepare a five-year strategic plan at the beginning of the program, and conduct routine, joint
planning sessions. SARI/E -sponsored centers of excellence can expand and improve their outreach 
using more web-based communications and video teleconferencing. Over time, the WISER Center 
might move from retail to wholesale service provision, and become an apex body for training key 
stakeholders. Both Nepal’s Regional Center for Excellence in Micro Hydro and the Center for 
Lighting in Sri Lanka should look for multiplier effects in their outreach efforts, as well as for new 
ways to market their services and fund their programs. In Phase IV, the need for technical assistance 
may increase. Addressing the unique needs of each country may require a more tailored approach.
Conclusion
Have technical assistance, training, and partnerships been targeted at the appropriate beneficiaries to ensure the greatest impact to 
advance the policy dialogue to support regional energy cooperation? 
: Partners report they have not been able to work together as closely as they would like in 
order to coordinate work plans and activities to achieve overall SARI/E goals and objectives. 
Conclusion
To what extent have the outputs from technical assistance, training, and other SARI/E funded activities been utilized by 
targeted beneficiaries? 
: One key informant explicitly said that service provision should become “more demand 
driven, by countries’ needs, rather than supply driven by the project.” Most TA, training and 
partnerships targeted government officials and/or technical personnel working in the power sector. 
This contributed to one of SARI/E’s biggest accomplishments: over the past several years, these 
individuals have established good working relations that now easily reach across international 
boundaries. As SARI/E moves to Phase IV, it may want to target a higher percentage of policy 
makers and political leaders, perhaps focusing on harmonization of high-level, cross-border, power￾related regulatory and commercial issues that could be important to policy makers.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation vii
Conclusion
Have best practices been taken up by additional individuals who received information from targeted beneficiaries? 
: More than fifty percent of the stakeholders who were interviewed indicated that they 
had participated in one or more SARI/E events. While participants clearly benefited on an 
individual basis, and while the sector as a whole also benefited, institutions that SARI/E sought to 
help sometimes may not have benefited as much as they could. SARI/E IV may need to explore 
mechanisms that build upon and consolidate training results, perhaps by encouraging countries to 
form permanent working groups to deal with important issues. SAARC offers one platform to do 
this. Further, SARI/E IV may need to decentralize its staffing in order to develop a better and more 
nuanced understanding of individual institutions. Under SARI/E IV, deputy chiefs of party, 
stationed in the three major regions that compose SARI/E, working under the overall direction of a 
chief of party, may develop an improved sense of specific institutions, as well as identify key 
individuals who could benefit from more training. 
Conclusion
Have SARI/E activities supported or complemented activities sponsored by other donor partners, such as the World Bank and 
the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in South Asia? 
: Virtually every stakeholder who had attended a SARI/E -sponsored event described best 
practices being taken up and applied in their country. Many described cascading impacts from 
adopting best practices. 
Conclusion
Measuring program impact requires the existence of good performance monitoring systems at the level of individual partners, as 
well as at the level of program management. Have systems been established internally for tracking, monitoring, and reporting on 
results attributable to SARI/E activities and do these systems utilize independently verifiable information. 
: SARI/E activities have supported or complemented activities sponsored by other 
donors in South Asia, including the World Bank and the ADB. In some cases, they have led other 
donors into potentially important new activities, like social merchant banking in Nepal.
Conclusion: Implementing partners have put systems into place to measure outputs. The evaluation 
team found less information that sought to measure results, or impacts. The systems in place allow 
for outputs to be independently verified, but little emphasis has been placed on establishing systems 
that independently verify results. Because so many important SARI/E program outputs and results 
are process-related, or somewhat intangible, it is a significant challenge to define indicators that can 
measure incremental progress towards longer-term goals.1 It is an even bigger challenge to 
determine the relevant proportions that are directly attributable to SARI/E. 
Sustainability
Are the results of SARI/E activities sustainable in terms of creating institutional capacity and filling gaps on behalf of the 
program’s key beneficiaries? 
Conclusion: Two SARI/E initiatives should become financially sustainable: (1) the Regional Center 
for Lighting in Sri Lanka and (2) the micro hydro operations in Nepal. WISER has a social and civic 
agenda centered on women’s empowerment. It may not become financially self-sustaining. The 
biggest gap, however, is institutionalizing dialogue among the countries of the region at the techno￾political level. For multilateral exchanges, more work remains to be done. Multilateral forums where 
countries routinely speak to one another at the technical, policy, and political levels have yet to be 
 
1 Tangible results such as actual cross-border energy trade are composed of many discrete individual steps that take time to 
fructify. In many cases, this typically could take 10-15 years. 
viii SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
fully institutionalized. Facilitating such exchanges may become an important informal niche for 
SARI/E IV. 
What evidence has there been of host countries . . . promoting networks and forums and advocating the best practices developed 
and disseminated under SARI/E? Based on results to date, are these activities likely to engender sustainable development 
impacts after USAID funding has stopped? 
Conclusion: Host countries are actively taking ownership of “best practices” they learn from 
SARI/E -sponsored programs. To some degree, cross-border activities are commencing on a 
bilateral basis. These should be sustainable, largely because they are economically critical for the 
future of South Asia. Without SARI/E, however, there is a chance that larger cross-border dialogue 
(networks and forums) would diminish, or progress towards cross-border understanding could slow 
down. 
Project assistance completion date (PACD) extension 
What is the need for an extension of the SARI/E PACD to meet the overall program objectives? 
Conclusion: Interviews with key stakeholders across the region show a strong need for extending
SARI/E’s PACD, in order to meet the program’s overall objectives.
What should be the new timeframe, program focus, and direction under Phase IV? 
Conclusion: USAID should look at a five-year PACD extension for SARI/E Phase IV, from 2012 
to 2017. SARI/E IV should be orientated toward tangible, practical outputs and results, some of 
which are described immediately below.
HIGH PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
Overarching Goals, and Sharpening Project Focus 
The overarching goal for SARI/E IV should be that all activities should continue to support a South Asian 
Regional2
 Initiative for Energy, and should promote energy security. 
Expand SARI/E IV’s Advisory Board 
SARI/E’s Advisory Board should meet twice a year. Membership should include representatives from the 
Department of State. Suitable national experts in regional energy issues might also be considered for 
membership. This could become one way to institutionalize further the role of SARI/Energy over time.
 
2
 “Regional” in the context of SARI/Energy should continue to mean that a project activity impacts upon two or more 
countries in South Asia. Project or program activities that are unique to one country typically would fall under USAID’s 
bilateral programs, rather than SARI/Energy.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation ix
Decentralize Project Staffing 
USAID should actively explore decentralization and move part of the project staff outside India. One model 
would involve three expatriate deputy chiefs of party (DCOP), working under the continued direction of a 
chief of party (COP). D/COPs would oversee three sub-regions within the larger SARI/E framework: 
1. The Northeast, composed of Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India, and Bangladesh, with a D/COP 
resident in Kathmandu or Bangladesh (wherever prospects for cross-border program activities
are deemed highest in the near to medium term); 
2. The South, composed of Southern India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives with a D/COP based in 
Colombo; and 
3. The West, composed of Pakistan and Afghanistan, with a D/COP to be stationed in Islamabad. 
Strategic Plans and Work Planning Sessions
Although implementing partners are working in separate areas, there is a need for them to act synergistically. 
Partners need to coordinate better, consult frequently and integrate more closely their work plans and 
activities. Strategic plans, work plans and task orders should be approached holistically. SARI/E IV should 
hold joint work planning sessions once a year, assembling implementing partners, country coordinators, and 
other key stakeholders for a two to three day workshop and work-plan development session. Implementing 
partners should jointly prepare a five-year strategic plan, updated yearly. Annual work plans should also be 
prepared jointly, showing proposed activities. SARI/E IV should continue to use a task order system to allow 
programmatic flexibility, but this should be combined with work plans that clearly focus the program on the 
strategic objectives of cross-border energy and clean energy.
Centers of Excellence
SARI/E IV should continue to support the centers for excellence since they promote cross-border regional 
linkages and in the longer term may help promote further regional integration. However, the centers should 
seek enhanced multiplier effects, including things like Web-based virtual training and video teleconferencing
reaching out to stakeholders in multiple countries, in order to expand their outreach capacities. Given the 
huge population of South Asia, it is useful, but inadequate, for the centers to focus on face-to-face training.
They need to find ways to take better advantage of social media and other emerging technologies that will 
expand capacity to reach out to a greater number of potential beneficiaries across the subcontinent. 
The Northeast Portion of the Sub-Continent—a Potential Model
Over the next decade, Bhutan, Northeast India, Nepal and Bangladesh will increasingly link their energy 
networks together, with the Indian grid serving as the glue. This proto-network, for which SARI/E began 
laying the foundations almost ten years ago, will grow over the coming decade. SARI/E IV should support 
this development, and the model it may represent for the subcontinent. 
Harmonization and Governance Issues for Regional Energy
Over the next decade, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Northeast India will need mechanisms to help them 
begin to harmonize energy policies. They will need systems to deal with energy-related governance issues, 
including technical matters, regulatory issues, tariffs, etc. Countries will require technical assistance to put 
x SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
into place institutional structures to allow meaningful electrical connectivity, and cross-border energy trade. 
SARI/E IV can design specific task orders to help the Northeast move towards such goals. 
Wind Energy
Wind energy is taking off economically in India. SARI/E IV should continue to support the development of 
wind energy, perhaps through the establishment of teams comprised of specialists in wind energy
development. It could sponsor prefeasibility studies, and may need to become involved with policy dialogues 
relating to rate structures, economic studies, project finance, power evacuation, grid interaction and stability, 
etc., to help policy makers in countries like Pakistan assess the feasibility of harnessing wind energy. Such a
team could become an important roving service delivery mechanism, supporting further developments in 
wind energy across South Asia. 
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 1 
1. INTRODUCTION
The objectives of the SARI/Energy Phase III Evaluation included the following: (1) determine the overall 
impact of SARI/E activities; (2) test the continued validity of the program hypotheses; (3) explore the extent 
to which the program strengthened institutional capacity, promoted dialogues and coalitions, and the 
formation of regional networks and centers of excellence to influence decision makers; and (4) recommend 
whether the next phase of SARI/E should be undertaken.
In pursuit of these objectives, from November 8 until December 31, 2010, a four-person team evaluated 
SARI Energy’s Phase III. After a few days of initial preparation in Washington, D.C., where team members
interviewed spokespersons for the three, primary implementing partners: TetraTech, USEA and NREL. The 
team then met in person in New Delhi for the first time and spent a few more days talking with USAID and 
other key stakeholders, including representatives from Tetra Tech, the only implementing partner with staff 
on the ground in South Asia. Two members of the team took a brief trip to Udaipur, to visit an Indian 
vendor involved in training trainees from Afghanistan. After that, the team divided into two smaller sub￾teams. One team traveled to Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Bangladesh and India. The other traveled to Nepal, 
Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bhutan. Typically, the Team spent three to five days in each country doing 
interviews and meeting with stakeholders. The team then reconvened in New Delhi to synthesize its findings 
and consolidate materials for this evaluation report. The members of the team traveled more than 20,000 air 
miles in the region, visiting all eight participating countries and interviewing 175 stakeholders and key 
informants. Many of the judgments and conclusions in this report are the result of these efforts. A 
preliminary debriefing was delivered to USAID on the December 16, 2010. 
This evaluation report is organized around the twenty questions that were given by USAID in the initial 
“Scope of Work for the Evaluation” (See Appendix 7). The methodology follows normal evaluation 
procedures, generally listing findings (representing statements of fact), followed by conclusions, which are the 
team’s judgments about the findings that address each question raised in the scope of work. The final section 
of the report includes Recommendations, which derive from the preceding findings and conclusions. 
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH ASIAN ENERGY SECTOR
According to International Energy Agency, 60% of the people of South Asia have no access to electricity, 
while somewhere between 800–900 million people still depend upon biomass for cooking, a family’s most 
basic need for energy. The percentage of population having access to grid-based electricity in each of the 
eight South Asian countries is shown in Figure 1, below. 
2 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Figure 1: Percent of Population with Access to Electricity3
Percent of Population with Access to 
Electricity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Maldives
Bhutan
Sri Lanka
India
Pakistan
Nepal
Bangladesh
Afghanistan
Individual countries’ total installed capacity of grid energy varies hugely across the region. India, for example, 
has installed capacity of nearly 160,000 MW, while the Maldives has installed capacity of only 160 MW. The 
countries’ annual production of grid energy is shown in Figure 2, ranked from greatest to least. India’s 
capacity is excluded from the graph—to include it would so distort the graph that all other countries’ annual 
capacity would become unreadable.
Figure 2: South Asian Countries: Total Installed Capacity of Grid Electric Energy
 
3 Primary Source: Earth Trends, an information portal of World Resources Institute (WRI), which cites the International 
Energy Agency (IEA) in 2006 as the original source of information. Other sources like the ADB and the WB give somewhat 
different figures. Access to energy is not easy to measure. The evaluation team believes that the WRI/IEA figures are 
somewhat more reliable. Figures for Bhutan and the Maldives were not available on the Earth Trends web page. We have 
used data taken from their respective country web pages. The revised figures for these countries are Bhutan sixty-seven 
percent (ninety-seven percent in urban and fifty-six percent in rural areas as per Bhutan Broadcasting Service, BBS). For the 
Maldives, the figure is ninety-seven percent (194 out of 199 islands have access to electricity) as per <www.energyrecipes.org>. 
Today, due to electrification programs in South Asian countries, population with access to grid electricity may have increased 
by approximately five percent over the past five years, since 2005. To complicate the story further, in Nepal, the estimate of 
population having access to electricity, including both solar and micro hydro, is now about fifty-six percent. 
 
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 3 
However, when the actual populations of South Asian countries are analyzed, and one looks at per capita 
consumption of power, the story is substantially different from that shown in Figure 2. In Figure 3 (below), 
for example, Maldives is ranked first at 1,372 kilowatt hours per capita, with India consuming only 566
kilowatt hours per capita, because it has such a large population to serve. After India, consumption figures 
continue to drop precipitously as one moves out towards the periphery of South Asia, with citizens of 
countries like Nepal and Afghanistan consuming only ninety and thirty-eight kilowatt hours per capita, 
respectively. To put South Asia’s overall consumption of electricity into a somewhat larger context, in the 
United States, annual consumption of grid electricity is approximately13, 650 kilowatt hours per capita, or 
more than 25 times India’s annual per capita consumption.
Figure 3: South Asian Countries: Per Capita Consumption of grid electricity
The team also sought to look at effective demand for power across South Asia, but there appears to be no 
reliable methodology for computing such data. Various estimates exist of effective demand by country, but 
they are not internally consistent. To put demand into context, however, in Afghanistan, where annual total 
power production (including imports) is about 700 MW, the chairman of the national power utility4 estimated 
effective demand already to be about 5000 MW, or more than 700% of power currently available. Similarly, 
in Nepal, experts working in the power sector said that while annual maximum production (during the 
monsoon months) was about 800 MW, effective demand for Kathmandu alone was about 1000 MW in the 
winter,5 and they suggested that suppressed national demand was about 1800 MW. 
According to the Integrated Energy Policy Report released in July 2006 by the government of India's 
Planning Commission, in order “. . . to deliver a sustained growth rate of 8% through 2031-32 and to meet 
the lifeline energy needs of all citizens, India . . . needs to increase its primary energy supply by three to four
times and, its electricity generation capacity by five to six times of its 2003–2004 levels. India's commercial 
energy supply would need to grow at 4.3% to 5.1% annually.” The report also observes that by the year 2030, 
Indian power generation capacity must increase to nearly 800,000 MW, from its current, installed capacity of 
160,000 MW. In simple mathematical terms, this would amount to adding more than 600 MW every week for 
the next twenty years and represents an investment of U.S. $400–$500 million per week. Clearly, this is not 
 
4 Dr Jalil Shams, in an interview with SARI Evaluation Team, Kabul, Afghanistan, December, 2010. 
5 Power production in Nepal actually goes down to about 250 MW in the winter, because most of Nepal’s power comes from 
hydro, which is seasonal, primarily during the monsoon.
4 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
sustainable and India will need to look at alternatives that include increased energy efficiency and renewable 
power development, as well as energy imports from its neighbors.
In the absence of better methods for estimating future demand, at least it is possible to say that effective 
demand across South Asia already is many times the currently available supply. This represents the 
overarching justification for SARI/Energy. 
EVALUATION METHODOLOGIES
The evaluation team used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate SARI/E. This approach offers a high level 
of rigor and empirical validity to support evaluation analysis and conclusions. This evaluation required the 
following steps:
• The team examined project and program documents, reinforced by data from structured key 
informant (KI) interviews and site visits in the eight countries visited by the team. 
• Informal case studies of emerging energy transfers were analyzed to understand the dynamics of 
this process. This approach provided for triangulation of data points. It analyzed quantitative 
and qualitative data to identify main causal factors as well as potential constraints. 
• Interviews were conducted with at least two members of the team present, including one 
expatriate and one professional from South Asia. Duplicate notes were taken for all meetings.
• When the two teams were traveling,6
• The team also maintained an ongoing dialogue with USAID project and program staff during the 
course of this evaluation. 
they remained in daily contact via Internet, and conducted 
an ongoing dialogue about potential findings and conclusions. Multiple drafts of the evaluation 
report were circulated as it was being written, with opportunities for all team members to 
incorporate their comments and observations.
•
The balance of this report seeks to answer USAID’s specific questions about SARI/Energy, Phase III, taken 
from the “Scope of Work” found in Appendix 7. The final section of this evaluation includes specific
recommendations for how to move forward with SARI/Energy, Phase IV.
IMPACTS (INCLUDING OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES)
FINDINGS
Section 2 and its subsections below seek to answer the original question posed: “What has been the impact of 
activities implemented under SARI/E, specifically for the Phase III period from FY07-FY11?” 
Appendix 1 provides one-page summaries of SARI/E impacts by country. Additional impacts are discussed 
below.
 
6
 The Northern tier team, composed of David Garner and Devendra Adhikari, traveled to Udaipur and then to Nepal, 
Pakistan, Afghanistan, and back to Delhi. The Southern tier team of Linda Kalver and Gopinath Iyendar traveled to Sri Lanka, 
Mali, Kerela, India, and Bangladesh, before returning to New Delhi.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 5 
Cross-border movement of energy
Today, sub-regional transnational grids are being established slowly across certain parts of the subcontinent. 
Some illustrative examples include several mentioned below. The first several examples simply suggest 
movement—towards transnational interconnections that are in place, are planned or are being discussed—
that will gradually link the subcontinent together over the next few decades. The last five, however 
(underlined), have benefited from SARI/E’s support.
Table 1: Status of Selected Cross-Border Projects in South Asia
COUNTRIES MW STATUS NOTES
Bhutan – India 1,000 MW Operational.
Bhutan – India 10,000 MW Under construction. Construction to be 
completed by 2020.
Uzbekistan – Afghanistan 300 MW Completed. USAID played major role in 
this project.
Uzbekistan – Afghanistan –
Pakistan
2,500–3,500 MW Under discussion.
India – Pakistan 500–2,500 MW Under discussion. Both governments fully 
aware.
CASA-1000 1300 MW, of which
1,000 MW would go to 
Pakistan
, Kyrgyzstan & 
Tajikistan to Afghanistan –
Pakistan
Under discussion. SARI/E played major 
advisory role to Govt. of 
Pakistan.
India – Nepal 140 km 400 KV 
transmission line. 
MOU signed. 
SARI/E prepared the way. 
WB and Govt. of India are 
now funding.
Undersea cable
India – Sri Lanka 500 MW MOU signed. SARI/E prepared way; now 
under technical study.
India – Bangladesh 500 MW MOU signed. Under 
tech study.
SARI/E prepared way; ADB 
to provide some funding.
Sub-regional grid
Nepal, Bangladesh, India, 
Bhutan
SARI/E has laid the 
foundations. This may be 
starting to happen. 
6 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Clean Energy
NREL has completed important wind and solar mapping exercises in seven countries. This has already 
facilitated installation of thirty MW wind power plants in Sri Lanka, with sixty MW under construction. This 
wind data is now being reviewed by the power sectors of several other countries for possible future actions. 
In some cases, more detailed studies are being performed in countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan. Other 
important initiatives involving clean energy include two centers of excellence: one for micro hydro in Nepal, 
and a second for lighting efficiency in Sri Lanka.
Regional Markets
In 2008, India established a platform for the short-term sale and purchase of electricity under private-sector
auspices. There are now two private power exchanges in India, overseeing a trade of 30,000 MWhs/day at 
very competitive rates. The government of India issues renewable energy certificates (REC) to generators of 
clean energy, which permits them to trade at competitive rates on the power exchanges. SARI/E was one of 
the first programs to appreciate the utility of such ventures in supporting the expansion of energy markets in 
the region. Under SARI/E’s exchange program, power sector officials from Bhutan and Bangladesh recently 
came to India and were oriented to the techniques involved in such trade mechanism. They are now exploring 
the establishment of similar power exchanges in their respective countries. At the present time, energy 
trading accounts for one-and-a half to two percent of power generation in India. With cross-border trade 
among member countries planned through the SARI/E program, however, the power exchanges in India 
expect to see tremendous growth opportunities for energy markets.
SARI/E III Training 
Both Tetra Tech and USEA conducted extensive training during the course of SARI/E, Phase III. The 
outputs, number of participants, number of training days, cost per participant and per training day, and total 
costs for the two programs are summarized below. The first table provides an aggregated total for both 
programs. The subsequent tables provide individual breakdowns by implementing partner. 
SUMMARY OF TRAINING COURSES BY TETRA TECH AND USEA
PARTICIPANTS
TRAINING 
DAYS
COST PER 
PARTICIPANT
COST PER 
TRAINING 
DAY
TOTAL 
COST
MALE 1206 6993 $5,659 $976 $6,824,684
FEMALE 244 2549 $7,449 $713 $1,817,545
TOTAL (or average) 
as appropriate 1450 9542 $5,960 $906 $8,642,229
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 7 
TRAINING COURSES BY TETRA TECH
Participants Training days
Cost per 
participant
Cost per 
training day Total cost
Male 635 4711 $4,116 $555 $2,613,804 
Female 162 2186 $7,562 $560 $1,225,060 
Total (or average) as 
appropriate 797 6897 $4,817 $557 $3,838,865 
TRAINING COURSES BY USEA
Participants Training days
Cost per 
participant
Cost per 
training day Total Cost
Male 571 2282 $7,375 $1,845 $4,210,880
Female 82 363 $7,225 $1,632 $592,484
Total (or average) as 
appropriate 653 2645 $7,356 $1,816 $4,803,364
Centers of Excellence
Regional Center for Excellence in Micro Hydro, Nepal: This center, still being formed, has not yet 
formally opened its doors. However, the center expects to see the mountainous parts of South Asia—
particularly Afghanistan, the northern parts of India and Pakistan, and probably Bhutan— as potential 
markets for its services, which will allow the further dissemination of micro hydro technologies across the 
region. 
WISER (Women’s Institute for Sustainable Energy Research), located in Kerala, is a center of excellence for 
women in the energy sector. It nominally opened on March 22, 2010 and came into operation in the last 
quarter of that year. The Energy Management Center, within the state government of Kerala, India has 
allotted workspace for its laboratory and offices. WISER, with 200 volunteers, seeks to reach out to women 
throughout the region through teleconferencing, websites, and other media. It also networks with other 
women’s energy organizations in the region and around the world. The center promotes energy conservation 
and clean energy, as well as trains women for employment in the electricity sector. It includes an outreach 
program to women, particularly poor rural women, and conducts training programs in electrical wiring and 
meter reading. WISER will also facilitate financing for women to establish small businesses that depend on 
electricity. 
Regional Center for Lighting (RCL), Colombo, Sri Lanka. Opened in April 2009, this center has already 
conducted two programs for participants from the region. RCL has initiated a load research study involving
3,000 households. It has also submitted a proposal to ADB for a program to replace incandescent lamps with 
CFLs in 2,000 households. The center expects to earn revenue through its laboratory testing facilities and 
technical services for studies, research, etc. The government of Sri Lanka has allotted it space in the 
8 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
international convention complex. An office will be ready by January 2011 (for more on RCL, see 
Appendix 6). 
Technical Assistance (TA)
• Bangladesh: SARI/Energy facilitated an exchange program for Bangladeshis to visit the India
Energy Exchange, followed by exchange programs at the ministerial level. An MOU was recently 
signed between Bangladesh and India for a 500 MW interconnection. ADB has announced funding 
for part of the interconnection. 
• Maldives: SARI/E supported a pre-feasibility study for island interconnection. The study revealed 
economic and environmental benefits to interconnecting the electric power systems of some of the 
atolls that make up the Maldives. Tender documents for a pilot program are under preparation. 
• Nepal: SARI/E provided technical assistance to the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) on the 
various implementation documents now being used for negotiations by Nepal with India on the 
planned 140 km 400 kV double-circuit transmission interconnection. SARI/E’s assistance covered 
both commercial and legal aspects, but did not involve support for direct negotiations between the 
two countries.7 An MOU has been signed, and the World Bank is expected to fund this linkage, with 
additional funding from the Government of India.
• Pakistan: SARI/E provided technical assistance to the Government of Pakistan on the Central 
Asia-South Asia 1000 (CASA-1000) interconnection from Tajikistan to Pakistan. This involved 
special investigations and reports prepared by the subcontractor in Pakistan (HB Pakistan) directly to 
the government of Pakistan. 
• Sri Lanka: SARI/E’s TA in Sri Lanka involved a pre-feasibility study for the undersea hookup 
between Sri Lanka and Southern India, which has resulted in an MOU signed between India and Sri 
Lanka for the High Capacity Power Transmission Link. The TA has also resulted in the 
establishment of the Sustainable Energy Authority under the Ministry of Power, Sri Lanka.
• India: India has received no technical assistance. Instead, as India has learned how to become a 
donor country, it has become a resource for technical assistance for the SARI/Energy project. A list 
of more than thirty Indian companies and organizations that have contributed to SARI/Energy 
programs to date is given in Appendix 4. 
CONCLUSIONS, IMPACTS 
Based on the work done during Phase III, the impact for SARI/Energy overall has been quite significant, 
particularly for a regionally-oriented, process-type program with difficult-to-measure outcomes or results. 
The impact around the Subcontinent has varied from country to country. SARI/E, Phase III has been 
operating longer and it seems to have had somewhat greater impact in countries like Nepal, Bhutan, 
Bangladesh, the Maldives, and Sri Lanka than countries like Pakistan or Afghanistan.8
 
7
 After helping to prepare the ground, SARI/E recused itself from direct involvement in negotiations between the two 
countries, because of a need to remain neutral among the countries of South Asia. 
 Perhaps SARI/E’s
8
 Although this may change in Phase IV. SARI/E’s capacity building of the Afghan power sector, for example, should strengthen 
DABS, the national public utility for power, and allow it to discharge its technical and commercial operations more effectively. 
A list of possible initiatives involving Pakistan is given in Appendix 2.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 9 
most significant impact has been in the development of networks among the technical personnel working in 
the energy sectors in South Asia. These individuals now know one another; this network extends across 
international borders, and this represents a major step forward for South Asia. 
Are partners meeting their responsibilities under their contracts or grants? 
Findings: The SARI/E evaluation team visited all eight SARI/E countries and interviewed 
approximately 175 stakeholders. Monthly and annual reports, contracts, and other project 
documents were reviewed. Partners are all preparing individuals work plans.
Conclusions
Are partners planning their individual activities with the broader objectives and sub-objectives in mind?
: These interviews, plus reviews of assorted project documents confirm that 
Implementing Partners are fully meeting their contractual responsibilities. 
Findings: Partners are planning their individual activities within the terms of their own contracts. 
However, every partner has mentioned that they felt somewhat stovepiped, and would like the 
opportunity to work more closely with other implementing partners, during the development of 
annual work plans, for example, in order to better address the broader objectives of SARI/Energy. 
Partners referred back to SARI/E Phase II, where they felt they had had the opportunity to interact
to some degree, but, even here, they indicated that interactions were too limited to permit optimal 
integration of their separate planning processes. 
Conclusion: Partners would like to work more closely together, and would be better able to 
formulate work plans that address larger objectives if Phase IV’s planning systems are modified to 
allow for this to happen.9
RELEVANCE
Are the original hypotheses upon which the program was designed still valid? 
Findings
The original MOU between the governments of India and the United States gives a very clear 
articulation of the hypotheses, as follows:
: A memo to the files dated February 15, 2006, says the SARI/E program was approved in 
FY 2000 by ANE “…to promote mutually beneficial energy linkages among the nations of South 
Asia.” 
Whereas, SARI/Energy encourages regional energy development, cooperation, 
and expanded trade in energy resources by: (1) facilitating dialogue among key 
energy players; (2) strengthening the institutional capacity to make decisions in 
sustainable energy development; (3) fostering private investment in national and 
trans-national energy infrastructure; and (4) creating and strengthening regional 
forums, networks, and associations to disseminate best practices and improve 
cooperation in energy development.10
 
9 One reason SARI/E III did not have partners meet as often as they had met under SARI/E II was due to the steep reduction in 
its program budget. Project management believed that they should spend more money on TA and training, rather than on 
programmatic work that would require its various partners to travel and meet. Perhaps SARI/E IV can resume the practices of 
SARI/E II in this area.
10 Sources: “Memorandum to The Files,” on the subject of “Program Support Office Determination of SARI/E Program 
Requirements,” dated February 15, 2006, and “Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the United States 
10 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Conclusion
Does the SARI/E program continue to respond to needs in the region, and has the program positioned itself to take advantage of 
emerging opportunities to promote greater cooperation in energy and regional stability? 
: The original hypothesis upon which the Program was designed remains valid, and 
relevant. 
Findings: The SARI Team interviewed stakeholders in all eight countries. Essentially, they 
unanimously report a continued need for SARI/Energy. Stakeholders repeatedly reported that as a 
consequence of SARI/Energy, they have come to know their counterparts working in similar 
positions in the energy sectors of neighboring countries, and have developed a much better 
understanding of the energy situation in neighboring countries. Regulators have gotten to know 
regulators. People working in power generation know their counterparts. All the countries of the 
region have begun to appreciate the need for energy security through the development of indigenous 
energy resources, promotion of energy efficiency, diversification of energy supply, and cross border 
trade. These are all major issues that SARI/E III has been advocating for the region. 
Conclusions
In light of current needs and opportunities for regional cooperation in energy, is there a need for an extension of the SARI/E 
program to meet the program objectives? 
: SARI/Energy remains fully relevant to the needs of the region. It has positioned itself 
to take advantage of emerging opportunities. More significantly, it has helped to cause some of these
opportunities to emerge by its continued support for cross-border dialogue, primarily among the 
technical experts working in the power sector. The cross-border discussion involving the movement 
of 500 MW between India and Bangladesh is one example; the construction of 140 km of 400 kV 
high-tension connections between India and Nepal is another. This important dialogue has now laid 
the groundwork for further, higher-level dialogue among South Asian political leaders and policy
makers in the energy sector. SARI/E Phase III has clearly helped to lay the groundwork for further 
progress under a proposed Phase IV.
Findings
• In the Northeastern corner of the Indian subcontinent, the team found evidence suggesting
that Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Northeast India are beginning to form what might
become a regional power pool over the next few years. This development has the potential 
to become an important model for the rest of the subcontinent. 
: 
• An MOU has been signed between India and Bangladesh for 500 MW of power exchange. 
• A “Minute of Meeting” has been signed between Nepal and India in November, 2009 on 
power trade cooperation involving a 400 kV double circuit 140 km cross-border 
transmission line between Dalkebar (Nepal) and Muzaffarpur (India). 
• The Sri Lanka-to-India undersea connection facilitated by a SARI-funded pre-feasibility 
study is making progress. 
• Some cross-border power movement, from Central Asia (Uzbekistan) into Afghanistan (300 
MW), is already happening. 
• High-level discussions relating to power movement are going on between or among 
Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The evaluation team was told by senior government 
officials in Kabul, for example, about government-to-government discussions that could 
involve 2,500 to 3,500 MW of thermal power coming from Uzbekistan and going to and 
through Afghanistan and on to Pakistan.
• The CASA-1000 dialogue continues. 
 of America and the Government of the Republic of India Regarding the South Asia Regional Initiative Energy Program,” dated 
December 12, 2001, page 1.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 11
• The Trans-Afghan Pipeline (TAPI) accords for a 1700 km gas pipeline were signed in 
December 2010 in Ashkabat, Turkmenistan by the presidents of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and 
Turkmenistan, and the minister of energy for India. Final pricing agreements between 
Turkmenistan and India for TAPI gas are scheduled to be negotiated by February 2011. 
• There is even some very quiet discussion about a possible power exchange between Pakistan 
and India. Discussions by the evaluation team with a senior Pakistani energy advisor 
working with the Ministry of Water and Power in Islamabad confirmed that high-level 
discussions are happening, involving the possible export of 500 MW from India to Pakistan 
as soon as next summer (2011) and the possible export of an additional 2,000 MW within 
the next two years. 
Conclusions: The SARI evaluation team concludes that there is clear need for an extension of the 
SARI/E program in order to meet important program objectives. Some important activities are 
beginning to achieve traction. The platform that SARI/E provides has enabled country officials to 
exchange views informally on potential opportunities and tactics as they seek to advance cooperation. 
SARI/E has provided impartial advice, which provides further momentum to such regional energy 
collaboration. In the future, as the centers of excellence grow and mature, collaborative research
among regional stakeholders can be facilitated and strengthened. 
EFFECTIVENESS 
To date, have the program management structure and the adopted implementing tools (contracts, cooperative agreements and USG 
inter-agency vehicles) been effective in ensuring maximum coordination of activities under SARI/E to avoid duplication of effort? 
Findings: The evaluation team found no evidence of any duplication of effort among the 
implementing partners. 
Conclusions: There is no evidence of duplication, in part because the partners largely work in 
separate areas. The training work involving both Tetra Tech and USEA, for example, seems to have 
been entirely complementary, not duplicative. The program management structure to date, and 
implementing tools involving a contract, a cooperative agreement, and a USG interagency agreement 
have not lead to optimum coordination between or among the three primary implementing partners. 
However, this does not seem to be a direct result of the program management structure or the 
contracting vehicles. The Tetra Tech contract specifically calls for “integrated planning initiatives.”11
Are there gaps in coordination that potentially hinder the achievement of results, or which fail to take advantage of synergies 
among individual activities? (e.g., are training and technical assistance activities coordinated and sequenced so that they benefit 
from each other?) 
 
In any case, the problem of suboptimal coordination can be addressed through the adoption of some
revised planning modalities, explained in more detail below (see recommendation #5). 
Findings
• Implementing partners expressed concerns about coordination, particularly in the area of 
planning. NREL repeatedly said that they did not know enough about what the other 
partners were doing. They felt they were not linked sufficiently into the planning and 
program design process. Tetra Tech and USEA also expressed a need for improved inter￾partner coordination.
: 
 
11 “Implementing Partners … will focus on program progress review and planning, (including development and coordination of the 
integrated work plan)…. ” PA Government Services Contract, 1 May, 2007, p. C–15. 
12 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
• The three implementing partners functioned as co-equals. There was no prime-sub 
relationship. Tetra Tech, the institutional contractor, described itself as actually being 
slightly below the two knowledge partners, USEA and NREL. In any case, the partners all 
bring important, different, and complementary skills to the table.
• USEA reported that, now that they host the SARI website, they feel they have a somewhat 
better understanding of the overall program. 
• The M&E functions of SARI/E Phase III were not very robust. 
Conclusions: Although implementing partners work in separate areas, they could act synergistically. 
Partners could coordinate better, consult more frequently, and integrate their work plans and 
activities. Strategic plans, work plans and task orders could be approached more holistically. 
Coordination and the M&E functions both can be improved through the use of different 
organizational modalities. Planning among the partners can be done in a more joint or collaborative 
manner. Monitoring and evaluation activities can be expanded to provide an enhanced feedback
loop on program performance, which could allow for enhanced program integration. 
EFFICIENCY
If possible, determine if results achieved under SARI/E are being produced at an acceptable cost compared with alternative 
approaches accomplishing the same objectives. 
Findings
• The total number of individuals trained under USEA and Tetra Tech’s programs for Phase 
III was 1450, at a total cost of about $8.65 million. The total number of person-days of 
training under SARI III was 9542; the average cost-per-training day, approximately $900. 
Approximately seventeen percent of all trainees were women. See Section 2.4.1, SARI III 
Training, for more detail on overall training costs, and Appendix 8.
: 
• USEA trained more than 650 trainees, for a total of 2654 training days. USEA’s average 
cost per training day was $1800. Most of this training was international, conducted outside 
the Indian subcontinent (for further details, see Appendix 8).
• Tetra Tech trained approximately 800 trainees, for a total of almost 7000 training days. 
Tetra Tech’s average cost per training day was $556.6012
• For Afghan training, it actually costs less to train Afghans from the national public utility 
(DABS) in India than it would cost to train them in Afghanistan, because of security issues.
(for further details of Tetra Tech’s 
training activities, see Appendix 8). 
• The three implementing partners were chosen under different procurement systems to carry 
out different tasks. PA Consulting won a competitive RFP, USEA has a cooperative 
agreement, and NREL has an inter-agency agreement. Thus, these firms and organizations 
each have somewhat different cost structures.
Conclusions
 
12 As a benchmark, for purposes of comparison, an estimate of the cost per training week (one student for one week) at 
National Power Training Institute, India (NPTI) is about $860, which includes room and board but not transportation.
: While there are differences among the different training service providers, there are 
also differences in the kinds of training provided. USEA’s training costs, for example, typically 
included substantial international travel, which helps to account for the difference in cost per 
participant ($7356 for USEA, and $4817 for Tetra Tech). Tetra Tech’s training is done locally, in the 
region, and even for them, costs vary by season, by country, and by hotels that happen to be
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 13
available. On balance, without having conducted a financial audit, the evaluation team concludes that 
the costs for training appear reasonable. 
More broadly, the contracting mechanisms employed by SARI/E, Phase III are subject to normal 
USG procurement rules and regulations. A future project design or a future RFP might result in a 
different mix of partners, or the choice of a different institutional contractor, either more or less 
expensive. On balance, the contracting mechanisms chosen for SARI III seem reasonable, and short 
of trimming the number of training days, or reducing the levels of technical assistance, the evaluation 
team sees no obvious ways to increase the levels of program efficiency or of training, so long as the 
same program or training modalities are employed. Training could be carried out less expensively, for 
example, if more training were done through virtual methods like on-line teaching, or through video
teleconferencing.13
What alternative approaches exist which could achieve results at greater efficiency and what mechanisms can be recommended for 
implementing the alternative approaches?
 This could lower costs, but may also impact upon one of the most important 
collateral benefits of the SARI training, which is the face-to-face encounters among the various 
professionals who work in the power sector in South Asia. This cross-border networking function is 
judged to have provided good value for money to date, and has laid the foundations for possible 
enhanced connectivity under Phase IV. In the future, SARI may want to explore a mix of different 
training options, depending on the particular goals a specific training course is expected to meet.
Conclusions:14 In the future, SARI can improve its overall planning procedures. It can have future 
Implementing Partners prepare a five-year strategic plan, for example, at the beginning of the 
program, perhaps coupled with a ten-year visioning exercise that seeks to anticipate what may 
happen to the South Asian energy sector over the coming decade. It can build in routine, joint
The WISER Center may want to move from retail to wholesale service provision, and seek to 
become more of an Apex body for training key stakeholders, who in turn can help multiply the 
outreach across South Asia. Both the micro hydro center in Nepal and the Center for Lighting in Sri 
Lanka should look for multiplier effects in their outreach efforts, as well as new and better ways to 
market their services. They can also look at various ways to raise funds to support their programs. 
Social marketing techniques may have some utility, and might be worth exploring. Technical 
Assistance in Phase IV may increase, and may require a more tailored approach to address needs 
unique to each country.
planning sessions with the implementing partners on a yearly basis. For such an exercise, 
implementing partners and other key stakeholders should be convened at a neutral location—like 
Colombo or Kathmandu—for a two- to three-day planning workshop. Some of the scheduled time 
at such a planning workshop should be left deliberately unstructured, so partners and other 
stakeholders have ample opportunity for informal discussions of shared common challenges and 
opportunities. The SARI-sponsored centers of excellence can expand and improve their outreach 
through use of more Web-based communications. This may involve enhanced websites, as well as 
expanded distance learning, preferably by using tools like interactive video conferencing. 
 
13 SARI/E looked at utilizing distance education for utility personnel in the far reaches of Afghanistan. It was found to be feasible 
to beam programs from one country, with the teacher(s) in virtual contact with students in other countries. The technology 
for such “distance education” exists and increasingly is being used in India by groups like the Indira Gandhi National Open 
University. SARI Phase IV may be able to take advantage of such systems. Certainly, the centers of excellence one day may be 
able to offer such distance education as part of their routine service delivery.
14 These conclusions are actually recommendations which simply seek to answer the question posed: “What alternative 
approaches exist which could achieve results at greater efficiency. . . .” More discussion of these program implications are found in 
the recommendations section of this evaluation. 
14 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
How well have implementing partners worked as a team to coordinate work plans and activities in the interests of achieving the 
objectives of the overall SARI/E program?
Findings: Partners report that they have not been able to work together as closely as they would like 
to achieve the overall SARI/E program goals and objectives. 
Conclusion
Have technical assistance, training, and partnerships been targeted at the appropriate beneficiaries to ensure the greatest impact in 
advancing the policy dialogue in support of regional energy cooperation?
: Under SARI/E IV, partners could be encouraged to become more proactive about 
planning and joint decision making. 
Findings: SARI/E’s invitations for training typically go to governments. Governments, in turn, are 
supposed to look for appropriate candidates. Often, they merely propose their own candidates from 
within the government, rather than sending the requests to people in the energy sector to find 
appropriate technical candidates. The evaluation team heard these reports in Sri Lanka, India (at 
NPTI) and Nepal. The team also heard concerns about too much heterogeneity or diversity in some 
classes from some SARI/E trainees. Some of the training programs in Nepal were pulled together 
very quickly, and may not have had optimum beneficiary attendance. There were repeated requests 
in almost all countries visited for more carefully focused training and technical assistance targeted to
the specific needs of specific institutions. One key informant in Bhutan explicitly said that service 
provision should become “more demand
Training during Phase III involved both policy formulation and in various technical matters.
driven, by countries’ needs, rather than supply driven by 
the project.” 
15 
Conclusion: During the course of Phase III, most of the TA, training and partnerships targeted 
government officials and/or technical personnel working in the power sector of various SARI/E 
countries. This was appropriate for SARI III, and contributed to one of the program’s biggest 
impacts: over the past several years, these individuals have been able to get to know one another, 
and have established good working relations that now easily reach across international boundaries. 
While these beneficiaries were the appropriate targets for training during Phase III, as SARI/E 
moves towards Phase IV, it may become useful to target a higher percentage of policy makers and 
political leaders, who can lead South Asia to increased levels of connectivity.16 Furthermore, the 
project can move beyond the government and ask relevant companies (production, transmission, 
distribution, etc.) to recommend candidates for technical engineering training. 
 
15 The team was not able to determine the ratio between policy-related training and technical training but, somewhat 
impressionistically, policy-oriented training may have been perhaps twenty percent of the total. This ratio can be clarified, and 
might impact upon strategies for Phase IV.
16 Some observers have pointed out that the participation of higher-level officials, including political leaders, is a challenge, 
especially from the bigger countries such as India and Pakistan. This challenge might be met in two ways: (1) targeting critical 
activities that involve the government of India, and/or Pakistan; and (2) working more closely with SAARC. For example, 
Afghan Deputy Minister of Energy Mr. Wali Sherzoi’s December 2008 visit to Delhi paved the way for high-level discussions 
with senior officials and political leaders in India and led to SARI III’s subsequent involvement in DABS training. Also, a visit in 
October 2009 by the secretary of ???? from the government of Bangladesh led to a meeting between his counterpart in the
Ministry of Power and contributed substantially to the MOU subsequently signed on cross-border trade between the two heads 
of state when the prime minister of Bangladesh visited Delhi in December of that year. In terms of working more closely with 
SAARC, in the past, SARI made several overtures to SAARC, but these were always gently brushed off. SARI IV may need to 
continue such overtures, or find ways to work around SAARC in the near term, until the political winds eventually change 
direction.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 15
To what extent have the outputs from technical assistance, training, and other SARI/E funded activities been utilized by 
targeted beneficiaries? 
Findings: More than fifty percent of the key informant stakeholders interviewed by the evaluation 
team in eight SARI/E countries indicated that they had participated in one or more SARI/E 
events.17 Everyone interviewed expressed strong appreciation for the training, and in all cases 
indicated that they had benefited from it. Virtually all stakeholders expressed the view that getting to 
know their counterparts in other nearby countries was important, and indicated that they valued the 
opportunity to exchange views and learn from one another. Furthermore, learning also comes from 
having groups of officials from SARI/E countries visit a region outside the subcontinent, such as 
South Africa, Europe, or North America, where they can learn how those countries’ regional energy 
markets function. Such settings provide context, structure, and opportunities for exchanges of views. 
Conclusions
In some cases, for some kinds of training programs, the same individuals were nominated repeatedly. 
While this may offer some benefits in continuity, there could also be benefits for SARI and for the 
region from further diversification. Finally, SARI/E IV may need to decentralize its staffing, so that 
it can develop a better and more nuanced understanding of the individual institutions it seeks to 
help.
: While each appears to have benefited as an individual, and while the sectors as a whole 
benefited from this training and technical assistance, sometimes the institutions that SARI/E sought 
to help may not have benefited as much as they might have. For training visits outside of the region, 
such international travel sometimes provides a setting, a context and a structure for exchanges of 
views. However, the absence of follow-up mechanisms means that gains made are not always 
consolidated. SARI/E IV may need to explore mechanisms that allow for more consolidation, 
perhaps encouraging countries to form permanent working groups to deal with important trans￾border issues. 
18 Figure 4 shows one possible approach to decentralization. 
 
17 Interviewees typically did not specify, and often did not seem to know, whether they had attended a SARI/E I, II, or III-era 
event. Such divisions represent an internal USAID and project-specific framework. Many outside stakeholders are unaware of 
such project-specific distinctions.
18 Under SARI/E Phase IV, deputy chiefs of party, stationed in the three major regions that compose SARI/E, working under 
the overall direction of the chief of party, may be able to develop an improved sense of the needs of specific institutions, and 
the specific individuals who may best benefit from training. This is discussed in more detail in “Recommendations”, Section 8. 
Specifically, see Recommendation #3.
16 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Figure 4: Possible approach to decentralization
 
What evidence is there that best practices have been taken up by additional individuals who received information from targeted 
beneficiaries? 
Findings: The evaluation team found multiple examples of best practices being taken up by trainees, 
and of subsequent downstream cascading effects. In Afghanistan, for example, one engineering 
professor was invited to a SARI-sponsored workshop on renewable energy. When he returned to 
Kabul, he introduced a course at Kabul University on renewable energy. After some time, more 
courses were added. Over the past few years, this program has trained approximately 1000 Afghan 
engineering graduates. These graduates, in turn, have provided the trained manpower for 
implementing most of the renewable energy programs in Afghanistan. Similar stories were told in 
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, the finance director reported that the finance division of the 
Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) improved its management information system (MIS) with better 
reporting systems as a direct result of SARI training. A professor of mechanical engineering from the 
University of Moratuwa in Sri Lanka has introduced ‘Lighting’ as a subject in the postgraduate
programs at his university after he visited the Lighting Resource Center (LRC) at Rensselaer, USA 
under a USEA exchange program. Part of the WISER program focuses on the training of trainers. 
A young Afghan woman, who had attended a program at WISER, told the evaluation team that she 
is now actively engaged in starting an Afghan women’s NGO to train women in more efficient 
energy usage. A young woman regulator in Bhutan who had been trained at multiple SARI events, 
and was going off to another one in January, spoke eloquently about how much she had benefited, 
and how the Bhutanese authorities were applying what she and others had learned, in order to 
improve power regulations in Bhutan.
Conclusions: While the reports are largely anecdotal, virtually every stakeholder interviewed by the 
evaluation team who had attended one or more SARI-sponsored event told similar stories. 
Nepal
Deputy Chief of 
Party
Sri Lanka
Deputy Chief of 
Party
Pakistan
Deputy Chief of Party
India
Chief of Party
Maldives
Afghanistan
Bhutan
Bangladesh
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 17
Repeatedly, they described best practices being taken up and applied in their own countries, and they 
often described a cascade effect. They repeatedly described learning from one another in the context 
of what works in South Asia. This group learning clearly is one of the major impacts of the SARI 
program, for which SARI deserves substantial credit.
To what extent have SARI/E activities supported or complemented activities sponsored by other donor partners, such as the 
World Bank and the Asian Development Bank in South Asia? 
Findings: SARI/Energy’s support of S3IDF19 in Nepal directly led to the design and subsequent 
ADB approval of a technical assistance project, “Increasing Access to Energy in Rural Nepal.” The 
ADB project has been designed to implement S3IDF's social merchant bank (SMB) approach, with 
an initial focus on an improved water mill program. Much of ADB's documentation for the project 
draws directly from SARI III’s work, and the project would not otherwise have been launched since 
ADB and other major donors generally are not in a position to underwrite design efforts for 
innovative, pro-poor clean energy projects. This ADB project is now underway.20
Additional Findings
• The India-Bangladesh cross-border cable was stimulated by the SARI program, and is now 
being partially funded by ADB.
: 
• The 140 km 400 kV double circuit transmission line between Muzaffarpur, India and 
Southern Nepal, which is an indirect output from the SARI program, is now being funded 
jointly by the World Bank and the Government of India.
• CASA-1000, if it goes forward, will be funded primarily by the World Bank.
• Based on a SARI/E sponsored project development workshop in October 2010 in Colombo 
on “Wind Power Take Off in South Asia,” the ADB representative announced a $2 million 
TA facility to finance feasibility studies in the region on grid interactive wind farms. Target 
countries include Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
• In Sri Lanka, the World Bank has approached the Regional Center for Lighting as a potential 
donor to help it establish a lighting certification and testing center for South Asia. 
Conclusions
Measuring program impact requires the existence of good performance monitoring systems at the level of individual partners, as 
well as at the level of program management. Have systems been established internally for tracking, monitoring, and reporting on 
results attributable to SARI/E activities and do these systems utilize independently verifiable information.
: SARI/E activities have supported or complemented activities sponsored by other 
donors in South Asia, including the World Bank and the ADB. In some cases, they have led other 
donors into potentially important new activities like Social Merchant Banking in Nepal.
 
19 S3IDF is an NGO specializing in social merchant banking. 
20 ADB funding for the project is $933,000. The Nepalese government’s contribution is USD $170,000. The project also 
includes a USD $500,000 revolving fund. Details are available at: 
<http://pid.adb.org/pid/TaView.htm?projNo=43299&seqNo=01&typeCd=2> 
18 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Findings: Implementing partners have put systems into place to measure outputs. Data is routinely 
available on people trained, by specialty, by gender, and by country, for example. There is proper 
documentation on Technical Assistance and the training that has been delivered. The Evaluation 
Team found little information that sought to measure cumulative impacts by Partners, or among 
Partners. The systems in place allow the outputs to be independently verified, but little emphasis has 
been placed on establishing systems that independently verify or aggregate results.
Conclusions: SARI/E is an ongoing, process-type program. Tetra Tech keeps track of many energy
indicators by country. USEA has an extensive database of its trainees. Measuring program impact, 
however, is different from measuring project outputs. For example, we might see a change in fuel 
mix toward cleaner energy, but it would be unclear how much might be attributed to SARI III
training, or how much to the activities of 
unrelated organizations like NGOs, or 
simply to changes in the larger economy of 
South Asia. In addition, because so many of 
the important SARI program outputs, 
results and impacts are process-related, or 
somewhat intangible, it is particularly 
difficult to define measurable indicators, 
much less determine the proportion to 
attribute to SARI. How can systems be 
designed, for example, to measure the 
strength or importance of cross-border 
networking? How much value attaches to 
the fact that people in the energy sector in 
neighboring countries now know one 
another, when they did not several years 
ago? How much of this networking is 
directly attributable to SARI? How can 
these almost intangible issues of attribution 
be properly decoded and tracked? How can 
systems be put into place to track the 
aggregation of results over time? This will 
represent an important challenge for SARI 
IV.
21
 
21 The key program element with the potential for having the greatest impact is cross-border trade. It can impact energy 
security, climate change and improve access to energy. However these projects take a long time from concept to 
commissioning – a project cycle time of 10-15 years is common. In the absence of such an outcome within the PACD of the 
program, SARI/E IV will need to be creative in establishing verifiable indicators that can be measured and monitored. These 
indicators should be able to track the contribution of SARI/E to potential cross-border project(s) that are moving along classical 
project cycles.
An Angel for the Nepalese Power 
Sector
“SARI/Energy has been an angel for the 
Nepalese energy sector. A few years ago, 
the whole sector was stuck. But because of 
SARI, we’ve been able to work with our 
Indian counterparts in the energy sector. 
SARI laid the foundations. It initiated 
dialogue when all the countries were in a 
confused state. Now we are starting to trade 
energy. This technical dialogue also gives 
some comfort to our politicians. After we’ve 
discussed the technical issues among the 
professionals [in nearby countries] we can 
make better recommendations to our policy 
makers. Energy trades and markets are 
starting to move ahead. Clean energy has 
also been donor driven. In villages we are 
replacing kerosene with solar and biomass. 
Wind and solar are starting to become grid 
connected. The Region will need a few years 
to fully consolidate some of what SARI has 
done. Now we are initiating some legal 
reforms here in Nepal. These are all real 
contributions, and much of this is based upon 
SARI’s work.”
—Joint Secretary, Ministry of Energy, 
Government of Nepal
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 19
SUSTAINABILITY
Are the results and impact of SARI/E activities sustainable in terms of creating institutional capacity and filling gaps on behalf 
of the program’s key beneficiaries? 
Findings
Based on extensive interviews around the Region, the evaluation team found SARI/E beneficiaries 
reporting the following: 
: 
• A joint secretary in the Ministry of Energy in Nepal said that, “SARI Energy has been an 
angel for the Nepalese power sector.” [See text box, previous page] 
• The Regional Center for Lighting in Sri Lanka expects to be self-sustaining within two years. 
Revenue comes from the manufacturers or importers who want certification for their 
products. If demand is sufficient, this could support the organization, and make it self￾sustaining. The center has its own business plan and looks for international donors as well 
as seeking fees-for-service. It also has membership fees.
• Nepal’s Regional Center for Excellence in Micro Hydro has drafted a business plan. It 
appears to be taking on the important role of marketing Nepal’s expertise in micro hydro. 
• WISER has the following objectives: increased access to energy, energy efficiency, and the 
empowerment of women. It has expressed ambitions to become self-sustaining. However, 
the director is paid as a subcontractor to Tetra Tech, and the premises have been donated by 
the Energy Management Center, an arm of the state government of Kerala. WISER is also 
seeking other donor funding to sustain its activities. 
•
Conclusions
Two of the initiatives that SARI/E has been supporting largely have a business and market agenda, 
and thus should become financially sustainable: the Regional Center for Lighting in Sri Lanka and the 
micro hydro operations in Nepal. WISER, for its part, has a social and civil agenda centered around 
women’s empowerment. It has no current activities that can lead to any meaningful financial 
income. It can promote energy efficiency and, more significantly, empower women. However, it may 
not have the potential to become financially self-sustaining, and it probably will have to rely upon 
donor funding for continuing operations. 
: The centers all fill important functions, and each is unique, serving the developmental 
needs of civil social, business, and market transformation. They enable an individual country to 
display a technology or best practice to the rest of the region at which they excel. This creates a sense 
of pride and ownership and enables countries to treat each other as equals, irrespective of the huge 
disparities that may define their energy sectors. 
The biggest gap, however, is institutionalizing the dialogue between and among the countries of the 
region at the techno-political level. In some cases, once SARI/E or other groups have helped to 
break the ice, it appears that individual governments, on a bilateral basis, are sometimes forming 
permanent working groups to address certain technical issues. For example, such a working group 
appears to have been established between Bangladesh and India to work on trans-border energy 
issues. However, more work remains to be done at the more complex level of multilateral 
exchanges. Multilateral forums, where countries routinely speak to one another at the technical, 
policy, and political levels, have yet to be fully institutionalized. SAARC exists, and by its own 
standards, it has been relatively active in the energy sector.22
 
22 The most recent ministerial-level meeting on energy was on climate change, held in Bhutan in July 2010. The SAARC energy 
center in Islamabad is also relatively active, but has not yet achieved much visibility and is constrained by its own internal 
operating systems, somewhat like the United Nations. 
 For example, it now conducts 
ministerial-level meetings on energy. Over the next decade, informal bodies may need to be 
20 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
established in various corners of the Indian subcontinent to deal with the harmonization of various 
issues connected with trans-border power transfers between and among selected countries.
23 
Facilitating or nurturing such development might become an important niche that SARI IV can fill, 
working informally
What evidence has there been of host countries taking ownership of the SARI/E program, including promoting the networks and 
forums and advocating the best practices developed and disseminated under SARI/E? Based on results to date, are these 
activities likely to engender sustainable development impacts after USAID funding has stopped?
until such a time as SAARC or some other, more formal organization begins to 
address these matters.
Findings
• In Nepal (see text box, above, “An Angel for the Nepalese Power Sector”), the Nepalese 
government has taken ownership of important technical data and has internalized certain 
confidence-building measures from SARI/E, and now has signed an MOU (technically a 
“Minute of Meeting”) with India to proceed with the construction of 140 km of 400 kV 
power transmission. 
: 
• In Afghanistan, from interviews it is clear that the National Public Utility for Power 
(DABS) which has been the principle recipient of SARI/E’s training is actively internalizing 
the results of this training and incorporating them into the evolving new institution. 
Various groups are also conducting further studies on the feasibility of harnessing wind 
power.
• TA in Sri Lanka involved a pre-feasibility study for the undersea hookup between Sri Lanka 
and Southern India, resulting in an MOU, signed between India and Sri Lanka, for the high￾capacity power transmission link. The TA has also resulted in establishment of the 
Sustainable Energy Authority under the Ministry of Power, Sri Lanka. The Ministry of 
Power and Energy reports that the Regional Center for Lighting (RCL) will be brought 
directly under the Ministry with cabinet approval, which allows it to seek donor funding 
from the World Bank, ADB, etc. To date, thirty MW of wind power has already been 
constructed, and an additional sixty MW is under construction.
• In the Maldives, SARI/E supported a study that confirmed the feasibility of inter￾connecting the electric power systems of some atolls. Tender documents for a pilot 
program are under preparation. 
• In Bhutan, regulators and others clearly are internalizing and using what they have learned 
from SARI/E -sponsored training events.
• In Pakistan, SARI/E has provided important technical advice to the government that
supports its ongoing CASA-1000 negotiations. The government is also assessing the 
important implications of the NREL wind-power studies.
Conclusion
 
23 SAARC represents a formal structure for regional governance and cooperation. SARI’s comparative advantage rests with 
its abilities to operate informally, as a bilaterally-funded initiative. The evaluation team expects that over the next decade, a 
Regional Energy Commission or something like it will need to be established for the four countries of Nepal, Bhutan, 
Bangladesh, and Northeast India. SARI IV may be able to facilitate movement towards this important long-term goal. It is 
probably beyond SARI’s formal remit and mandate to push formally for this to happen. However, at an informal level, it can lay 
the groundwork until the governments themselves or SAARC formalize the process.
: Host countries are actively taking ownership of best practices they learn from SARI/E -
sponsored programs. To some degree, cross-border activities are beginning on a bilateral basis 
(meaning between two countries), and these activities are expected to be sustainable, largely because 
they are economically critical for the future of South Asia. Without SARI/E, however, there is 
some chance that the larger, cross-border dialogue (networks and forums) would diminish, or 
progress towards cross-border understanding could slow down. Continuing to strengthen these 
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 21
cross border networks—particularly among the higher policy makers and political leaders—may 
become an important goal for SARI/E Phase IV.
PROJECT ASSISTANCE COMPLETION DATE (PACD) EXTENSION
The original program framework envisaged that the SARI/E program would be implemented through a two-phased approach. 
Subsequently the PACD was extended until September 2011 under Phase III of the program. 
What is the need for an extension of the SARI/E PACD to meet the overall program objectives? 
Findings: Key stakeholders across the region expressed a strong need for an extension of SARI/E. 
Conclusion
What should be the new timeframe, program focus, and direction under Phase IV?
: There is a high need for extending the PACD in order to meet the program’s overall 
objectives.
Recommendation
Under Phase III, SARI/E’s resources were allocated at a ratio of approximately fifty percent cross 
border, forty percent clean energy, and ten percent markets development. For SARI/E Phase IV, it
might want to review allocation decisions with members of the advisory board, implementing 
partners, and other key stakeholders. Some observers believe that the need for markets will develop 
in a significant way only 
: USAID should look at a five-year PACD extension for SARI/E Phase IV, from 
2012 to 2017. The new project itself should seek to look a decade into the future to attempt to 
anticipate where the South Asian energy sector is going, in order to best position program activities 
for Phase IV. SARI/E IV should be orientated toward tangible practical outputs and results. These 
include: (1) increasing energy security through cross-border trading; (2) increasing generation overall 
through the development of clean and renewable energy sources, including wind and micro hydro
mini grids; (3) saving energy through energy efficiency and demand-side management (DSM); and (4) 
supporting decreases in emissions. A secondary result of these objectives should be increased access 
to energy, since increased energy availability and security will promote efforts to strengthen the grids 
(in order to transmit higher loads) and will encourage electric utilities to seek additional customers.
after
USAID may also want to explore the growing importance of water and climate change and their
potential impact upon South Asia. Trans-border water practices are closely connected with energy 
usage, as well as population growth, increased agricultural and industrial usage, down- stream 
flooding, and climate change. These all have significant potential to impact the future energy 
situation across South Asia.
the physical infrastructure is in place to allow for energy transfers. 
Monitoring and evaluation systems may need to be augmented. 
Further observations about future programming implications are provided below.
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SARI/E PHASE IV
Following the specific requirements of the Scope of Work, this evaluation has sought to assess: 
1. The validity of the hypotheses underpinning the strategy;
2. The appropriateness of the implementation strategy in reaching the program’s objectives; 
3. The cost-effectiveness and impact of activities implemented by SARI/E partners; 
4. The extent to which the program strengthened institutional capacity; 
22 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
5. The extent to which the program promoted information-based dialogue and coalitions related to 
energy sector reform; and 
6. The extent to which the program supported the formation of regional networks and centers of 
excellence for sharing best practices in an effort to influence decision-makers deliberating over 
energy sector market reforms, cross border trade, and clean energy applications. 
The specific findings and conclusions relating to these objectives have been described in the previous 
sections. This final section of the main evaluation report provides specific recommendations, primarily 
targeted at a prospective Phase IV for SARI/Energy, that grow out of the findings and conclusions given 
above. These recommendations are clustered into three categories: (1) higher priority recommendations, (2) 
secondary recommendations, and (3) tertiary recommendations. 
HIGHER PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Overarching goals and sharpening project focus. The overarching goal for SARI/E should be 
that all activities proposed in strategic plans, work plans and task orders should meet the criteria of 
supporting a South Asian Regional24 Initiative for Energy and promoting energy security. SARI/E 
Phase IV should actively seek to target its primary goals: cross-border movement of energy, clean 
energy, and energy markets. The next phase of SARI/E needs to move beyond targets of 
opportunity and develop more focused strategies that support the program’s larger objectives. To 
the extent possible, it should continue with its policy of supporting activities that involve two or 
more countries in the region. If specific requests for individualized training or technical assistance 
begin to increase, however, then the need to meet an individual country’s need will need to be 
balanced carefully against SARI/E IV’s current mandate of addressing regional energy needs.
2. Expand SARI/E IV’s advisory board. SARI/E IV’s advisory board should meet twice a year to 
provide enhanced overall direction to the project. The board’s membership should be expanded to 
include suitable representation from the U.S. Department of State. Suitable national experts25 in 
regional energy issues might also be considered for membership. National candidates should be 
individually selected by mission directors, based on each mission’s best judgment about who could 
add value to promoting a regional energy initiative, or contribute constructive dialogue about regional 
energy exchanges. These national representatives initially might be given observer status to the 
advisory board. If the idea of their participation begins to develop traction and legitimacy over time, 
then sometime in the future it might be possible to turn the guidance and direction of SARI/E over 
to a board composed entirely of national representatives. This could be one way to institutionalize 
further the important role of SARI/Energy, as the region moves to higher levels of regional 
integration.26
3. Decentralize project staffing: USAID should actively explore decentralization mechanisms that 
encourage parts of the project to move physically out beyond Delhi. Such decentralization could
help encourage host country buy-in and enhance SARI’s presence at national levels in individual 
countries, while continuing to support the overall objectives of regional energy development, 
consistent with SARI/E’s core mandate. It will be important for SARI/E’s Phase IV senior 
 
24 “Regional” is defined as involving two or more South Asian countries.
25 One or two International experts in regional energy issues might also be considered for membership.
26 In some cases, senior policy makers might be asked to participate through virtual mechanisms like video-teleconferencing, 
which will grow in popularity and effectiveness over the life of SARI IV. This mechanism might also be used to bridge some 
differences between countries like India and Pakistan.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 23
management and advisory board to keep any potential tensions between working at a national and 
regional levels in suitable balance. One possible model would involve recruiting three expatriate 
DCOPs, working under the overall direction of a COP, who would continue to reside in New Delhi. 
The D/COPs would each oversee one of three Sub-Regions within the larger SARI/E framework:27 
• The Northeast, composed of Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India and Bangladesh, with a 
D/COP resident in Kathmandu or Bangladesh, wherever the prospects for cross-border 
activities are deemed to be higher in the near to medium term; 
• The South, composed of Southern India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives with a D/COP based 
in Colombo; and
• The West, composed of Pakistan and Afghanistan, with a D/COP stationed in Islamabad.
•
4. Resource allocation ratios: Under Phase III, Tetra Tech estimated SARI/E’s resources to have 
been allocated at a ratio of approximately fifty percent cross border, forty percent clean energy, and 
ten percent markets development. For SARI/E Phase IV, resources may need to be allocated 
somewhat differently, based upon the results of the initial Phase IV strategy exercise (see below), and 
the judgments of the implementing partners, advisory board, and other key stakeholders. Some 
stakeholders point out that the need for markets will develop in a significant way only after the 
physical infrastructure is in place to allow for energy transfers. 
5. Strategic plans and work planning sessions: Although implementing partners work in separate 
areas, there is a need for them to act synergistically. Partners should coordinate better, consult more 
frequently and integrate their work plans and activities more effectively. Strategic plans, work plans 
and task orders should be approached holistically. Implementing partners should prepare a five-year 
strategic plan, revised and updated yearly. The advisory board should formally approve the strategic 
plan. Annual work plans should then be prepared, showing proposed activities. SARI/E Phase IV 
should hold joint work planning sessions once a year, where implementing partners, country 
coordinators, and other key national stakeholders are brought together for a two-to-three day 
workshop and joint work plan development session. If Implementing partners are not able to 
prepare joint work plans (for legal reasons, for example) , then they should be encouraged to prepare 
parallel work plans that reinforce one another and enhance overall program coordination and 
integration.28 These sessions should allow sufficient unstructured time for informal exchanges of 
information and brain storming about future program directions. SARI/E Phase IV should continue 
to use a task order system to allow for programmatic flexibility, but this should be combined with 
annual work plans that seek to focus the program more clearly on strategic goals and objectives of 
cross-border energy and clean energy. SARI/E should also produce an annual report, prepared 
jointly by all relevant implementing partners, and written for a general audience. Some copies should 
be printed for physical distribution to selected audiences around the subcontinent, as well as for 
virtual dissemination through web pages.29
 
27 See Figure 4, “Possible Approach to Decentralization” for an illustrative figure showing this proposed structure.
 The project may want to consider employing a consultant 
28 This kind of integrated planning was called for in the Contractor’s Scope of Work, which said, “Implementing Partners 
Meeting . . . will focus on program progress review and planning, (including development and coordination of the integrated 
work plan). . . .” PA Government Services Contract, dated May 1, 2007, p. C–15.
29 The cover for SARI’s annual report, 2009 says, “This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for 
International Development. It was prepared by PA Government Services Inc.” It does not mention the work of other 
partners, and is written like a U.S. government report for a U.S. government office. It may serve a contractual requirement, but 
it does not perform an effective outreach function of describing the work of SARI/Energy to a larger, non-US government 
audience. SARI program management might want to review annual reports prepared by private corporations that help explain 
to stockholders what it is that their corporation actually does. Some annual reports are better than others, but the best ones 
often tell a compelling story. SARI/Energy has a compelling story to tell. It should seek ways to tell it that go beyond the 
24 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Bangladesh to Import 1,000 MW Power from Nepal
Himalayan News Service, Kathmandu, November 24, 2010
“Bangladesh wants to import ,000 MW of power from a 
hydroelectric plant in Nepal. . . . A seven-member [Bangladeshi] 
delegation . . . visited Nepal two days ago to deal with . . . 
transit and import of electricity. According to the Bangladeshi 
media, the supply of power will start within next two- three 
years. One of the delegation members said . . . a target has been 
fixed to generate 3,500 MW power in next two or three years 
at the initial stage of the project. . . .” 
to help with social communications to ensure that SARI/E’s annual report is written from SARI/E’s 
regional strategic perspective, and not just mechanically generated to serve the priorities of one or 
more implementing partners. 
6. Centers of excellence: The three centers, beginning to leverage local government and other donor 
support, and are beginning to deliver results. SARI/E IV should continue to support them, since 
they promote cross-border regional linkages and in the longer term may help promote further 
regional integration. However, the centers should seek multiplier effects, in order to expand their 
outreach beyond physical exchanges. Web-based and video teleconferencing outreach approaches 
should be actively explored and encouraged. SARI/E IV might consider having an organizational or 
institutional development expert on staff, at least for the first two to three years, who could support 
the growth and development of centers of excellence and other key, energy-oriented institutions 
across the region. It may also prove useful to explore social marketing mechanisms to enhance the 
outreach capacity of the centers. Social marketing for energy-efficient strategies and products might 
represent an important opportunity.
7. The Northeastern portion 
of the subcontinent—a 
potential model: During the 
life of SARI/E IV, the four 
countries of Nepal, Bhutan, 
Northeast India and 
Bangladesh will slowly begin
to link their energy networks 
together, using the Indian 
grid as the glue to make this 
happen. At certain times of 
the year, more than 1,500
MW of power is already 
being exported from Bhutan 
to India, and smaller amounts 
of power are being traded between India and Nepal. Bhutan is on track to export 10,000 MW by 
2020. Private sector businessmen in Nepal report that 6,000 MW are “in the pipeline” for potential 
export to India. A delegation from Bangladesh recently was in Nepal, looking to export 1000 MW 
through India. This emerging network could constitute an important cornerstone of a SARI/E IV 
strategy. This network, for which SARI/E began to lay the foundations almost ten years ago, will 
grow over the coming decade. SARI/E should position itself in Phase IV to support this important 
emerging [Sub]-regional network, and the model it may represent for the rest of the subcontinent. 
8. Harmonization and governance issues for regional energy. Over the next decade, the four 
countries of Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Northeast India will need mechanisms to help them 
harmonize and coordinate energy strategies and policies. They will need systems to deal with energy￾related governance issues, including technical matters, regulatory issues, tariffs, etc. Countries will 
require technical studies and technical assistance to put into place institutional structures that allow 
meaningful electrical connectivity, and cross-border energy trade. SARI/E IV can design specific 
task orders to help the Northeast region of the subcontinent to address such goals. SARI/E should 
use its standing in the region as an important, legitimate, and neutral player to convene seminars, 
 standard formats of many U.S. government publications. Implementing partners should be encouraged to work together to 
write such an annual report. 󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀󲐀
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 25
workshops, and to support future working groups that can enhance levels of international 
cooperation and coordination among the four countries over the next decade. SARI/E’s explicit 
strategy should involve an incremental systematic approach, helping technical staff of the various 
agencies in the four countries to come together, build trust, and exchange data and perspectives. 
Over the next five years, cross-border regulatory issues may become increasingly important. The
countries will also require technical assistance and technical studies to put into place informal
governance structures. The idea of establishing informal groups that can harmonize the power 
systems in contiguous countries may serve as a useful organizing principle. SARI/E IV can initiate 
specific task orders that help the Northeast region move towards such a goal. 
9. Wind Energy. Wind energy is beginning to take off economically in India. India already captures 
somewhere between 11–12,000 MW of wind energy, most of which feeds back into various regional 
grids. SARI/E III laid the groundwork for an expanded emphasis upon wind energy through its 
important wind energy mapping efforts with NREL. SARI/E IV should continue to support the 
development of wind energy, perhaps through the establishment of teams that are specialists in wind 
energy. It can sponsor pre-feasibility studies, and might become involved with a policy dialogues 
relating to rate structures, economic studies, project finance, power evacuation, grid interaction and 
stability to help policy makers in countries like Pakistan come to terms with the feasibility of 
harnessing wind energy. A SWAT team could become a roving service delivery mechanism, to 
support further developments in wind energy across South Asia.30 Pakistan could become an 
important target for such assistance (see Appendix 2).
SECONDARY RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Mini-grids:31 Over the past thirty years, Nepal has developed significant expertise in the area of 
micro hydro. SARI/E III has now laid the foundations for a center of excellence for micro hydro, 
which will formally open its doors sometime early 2011. This is an important initiative and under 
Phase IV, this support should continue. However, individual micro hydro facilities do little to 
contribute to addressing regional power needs until they connect together. Today, Nepal has a small 
number of pilot initiatives underway to connect individual micro hydro facilities into mini-grids (see 
Appendix 3). This represents an important step forward, for individual villages and, potentially, for 
the larger power needs of the region. Over time, these mini-grids, when situated in places relatively 
close to appropriate high-tension power lines, can be connected into the growing national grid that is 
spreading across parts of southern and central Nepal. These larger grids, in turn, are becoming part 
of the electrical highway that will allow power to flow between countries. SARI/E IV should 
support experimentation with mini-grids and their connection into the larger emerging national grid 
across Nepal. 
This does several things. It helps to justify SARI/E’s work with micro hydro, because it clearly fits 
SARI/E’s overarching mandate to provide a South Asian REGIONAL initiative for energy. It 
supports clean energy. It is also important for Nepalese villages (and potentially villages in Northern 
 
30 The partnership between ADB and SARI/E in advancing wind power projects in South Asia has significant promise in 
promoting investor/developer and country interests in establishing wind farms in countries like Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, 
Bhutan and Pakistan. SARI/E is being called upon to provide assistance to enable local financing institutions to appraise project 
proposals, assess risks and negotiate lending terms.
31 A mini-grid is as an independent network that links together several micro hydro systems, or other sources of power. Mini￾grids can operate in an isolated mode and simply connect a few villages together, or in some cases if they are located in the 
right place, they may be connected to the national grid. A list of eighteen potential mini-grids that merit further exploration in 
Nepal is given in Appendix 3.
26 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
India, Pakistan, Bhutan, and the mountains of Afghanistan, too). Many of these micro hydro 
systems now installed in a village operate only a few hours a day. However, if connected into mini￾grids, which are connected in turn into national grids, these villages could begin operating their 
micro-systems twenty-four hours a day. Preliminary estimates suggest that small villages using such 
micro-hydro systems could begin earning revenues of 2–3 million Nepalese rupees per year, which 
could be used to fund various village development schemes and programs. Thus, micro-hydro 
systems could become an important revenue source for rural mountain villages, as well as a potential 
additional source for national- and supra-national-level power for South Asia. However, its 
implementation period is very long—even longer than cross border trade that involves selective 
integration of national grids of two neighboring countries.
2. NGOs and civil society groups. SARI/E Phase IV should support NGOs and civil society groups 
to help them understand the energy challenges that confront South Asia. This might involve support 
for selected Think Tanks that have shown interest and/or expertise in energy-related issues. Some 
NGOs are concerned with clean energy applications (energy efficiency, renewable energy) and their 
potentially positive impact on energy security, improving energy access to the under served, and 
mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Involving selected NGOs in cross-border exchanges or 
forums as well as training and orientation to key energy issues should be explored. To impact cross￾border trade and energy markets, SARI/E should support dialogues with groups such as the South 
Asia Forum of Infrastructural Regulators.32 While it will be challenging, over time it could prove 
useful to work with civil society and other groups to promote the development of broader coalitions, 
which in turn can promote understanding of energy issues among the general public, and urge policy 
makers to move forward with programs supporting enhanced connectivity and clean energy.33
3. Journalism training. Earlier phases of SARI/E worked with journalists to try to orient them to the 
benefits of using energy more efficiently, the role of clean energy, and the potential for cross-border 
energy trades. SARI/E IV should resume this initiative, and devote some small percentage of its 
assistance to working with journalists to promote more public dialogue on the importance of cross￾border and clean energy usage. Work with journalists can be linked with the recommendation above
(see #2), involving work with civil society and the NGO communities in key countries, or sub￾regions of South Asia.
4. Small-grants program. During SARI/E Phase III, the small-grants program was somewhat
scattered in its approach. For Phase IV, the idea of small grants should be preserved, but the overall 
number of grants should be reduced and the value or range of prospective sizes should be expanded, 
along with the expected duration. Grants could be awarded in tranches for longer periods, extending 
over three years, for example, contingent upon satisfactory performance. They should be awarded 
strategically. More flexibility should be created for issuing small grants, and they should directly and 
explicitly support the larger goals and objectives of SARI Energy. They should not become part of a
program to make a small number of potential beneficiaries feel good.34 The dollar range per grant 
should be expanded, so it extends from perhaps $50,000 to $300,000, depending on the particular 
purpose for which a small grant was being requested. If Phase IV adopts a more decentralized 
approach, then the D/COPs should be delegated authority to solicit (and perhaps award) small 
grants.35
 
32 SARI/E IV’s plans to establish the South Asia Transmission Users Network (SATURN) represents an important step.
 The D/COPs might also work with the centers of excellence to solicit proposals for small 
33 USAID for a period of approximately 10 years in the 1990s supported a project called “Implementing Policy Change,” or 
IPC. This project worked with various policy change initiatives, and developed a wide range of intervention strategies, which 
are amply described on USAID websites. Case studies and other materials are also available from the MSI website.
34 The total beneficiaries of the small grants program under Phase III totaled 53,000, or approximately 0.0035% of the 
population of the subcontinent. 
35 Subject to the normal procurement requirements of grants under contracts, of course.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 27
grants. However, it will be important to avoid fissiparous tendencies. Small grants should continue 
to serve the larger goals of SARI/E IV. They should not become a tail that wags the dog. The 
advisory board should keep the opportunity costs of issuing and monitoring small grants in mind 
when approving annual work plans. 
5. Enhanced project-level indicators. SARI/E IV should require the implementing partners to 
propose indicators that go beyond simple output measures. Such indicators, inter alia, should seek 
quantitative as well as qualitative ways to measure progress towards regional energy integration. 
These indicators should be linked with SARI/E’s five-year strategic plan, annual work plans, and 
task orders, and should involve all implementing partners. For Monitoring and evaluation, 
SARI/E IV should build in a more systematic M&E capacity. For example, SARI’s senior 
management and the project’s advisory board should commission external monitoring and evaluation 
activities from time to time during the life of project. Provisions can be built into the institutional 
contractor’s contract so that evaluations could be carried out by external parties through the project’s 
task order system. SARI/E Phase IV should be designed to benefit from improved feedback loops. 
It should also formulate an enhanced performance management plan (PMP), with inputs from all 
implementing partners. 
6. Regional Standards. Standards for improved light bulbs being developed in Sri Lanka should 
become available to all countries in South Asia. Bangladesh, among others, has expressed a clear 
need for such standards and for using the Lighting Center of Sri Lanka to conduct product testing. 
More broadly, South Asia may find a growing need for regional standards for energy products and 
energy transfers over the next decade. SARI/E IV should keep this potential need in mind as a 
possible move to promote further regional connectivity.
TERTIARY RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Additional Kinds of Energy. While SARI/E has to date looked primarily at the generation and 
distribution of electrical energy, energy involves more than just electricity. When appropriate, 
SARI/E IV might consider supporting other kinds of energy development with regional 
implications. The proposed Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India gas pipeline (TAPI) 
could provide one such possible opportunity.
2. Trade fairs. India hosts several national-level trade fairs, where private manufacturers set up booths 
and show off their wares. Phase IV should take advantage of such trade fairs by sending selected 
representatives from around the region to attend. Such exercises might be combined with work 
planning sessions or other mechanisms that promote cross-border learning by SARI/E stakeholders. 
In some cases, vendors from outside India [for example, Nepalese Micro-hydro] might be 
encouraged to demonstrate their capabilities at such Trade Fairs.
3. Commercialize Nepal’s center of excellence for hydro power and link it to South Asian 
markets. The Center of Excellence for Micro hydro power in Nepal sees South Asia as a large 
potential market for its services. SARI/E can play a role in linking Nepalese service providers to 
South Asian markets, including Afghanistan, the northern parts of India and Pakistan, and perhaps
certain remote parts of Bhutan. SARI/E III supported the preparation of a business plan for the 
center. The ownership of this business plan should reside with the host institution, which is a 
consortium of local institutions.36 They should be given authority to implement the plan. SARI/E 
IV should support the process of turning the center of excellence into a real business. 
 
36 Includes Alternative Energy Promotion Centre, Kathmandu University, Nepal Micro hydropower Development Association, 
etc. 
28 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
4. Work with Asian Institute of Technology. South Asia is becoming an economic hub where 
energy issues play an increasingly important role. The demand for human-resource capacity in the 
energy sector is growing. To address SARI/E’s long-term goals, a pool of well-trained experts is a 
prerequisite. SARI/E IV might consider supporting the establishment of a South Asian center for 
energy technology, which could become a knowledge hub for the region. Such a center could 
conduct short- and long-term programs, including on-line diploma, and degree-level courses. For 
Phase IV, it might also be worth nurturing a long-term relationship with other institutions like the 
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Bangkok.
5. Linkages with Central and Southeast Asia. Since SARI/E is beginning to expand beyond the 
confines of South Asia, SARI/E IV should include budgetary allocations that support periodic 
coordination between USG programs that are working in Central Asia and Southeast Asia. The sub￾region of Pakistan and Afghanistan, for example, is already engaged with Central Asia through the
Northeast Power System (NEPS) in Afghanistan, which currently imports 300 MW from Uzbekistan. 
If CASA-1000 goes forward, this would expand the linkages between Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, 
Afghanistan and Pakistan. Other, larger projects are being discussed, including the TAPI project, 
which was recently signed by three heads of state in Turkmenistan earlier in December 2010.
6. Trans-border water issues and climate change. USAID might explore the growing importance 
of water and climate change and their potential impact upon South Asia, building upon their 
experience with trans-border energy work under SARI/E I, II, and III. Trans-border water practices 
are closely connected with energy usage, as well as population growth, increased agricultural and 
industrial usage, increasing urbanization, down- stream flooding, and climate change. These all have 
significant potential to impact the future energy situation across South Asia, as well as larger 
geostrategic relationships among countries.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 29
APPENDIX 1: SUMMARIES OF IMPACT OF SARI III, BY COUNTRY
AFGHANISTAN—SUMMARY OF IMPACT
A major part of SARI/Energy’s work in Afghanistan has been for capacity building of the power sector. In 
this regard 197 persons were trained in 12 courses, 3113 person-days of class time. Initially the topics were 
broad, but continuing work with the stakeholders in Afghanistan steered the course to skills - based training 
for DABS personnel. 
• In Phase 3 of SARI/Energy 246 Afghans participated in 27 workshops, conferences, and courses. 
• There were three Small Grants awardede in Afghanistan. 
• NREL conducted wind studies in Afghanistan. This initial data is now being refined through 
further studies some of which are being funded through other bilateral USAID projects.
BANGLADESH—SUMMARY OF IMPACT
The Evaluation Team spent 5 days in Bangladesh and interviewed 40 people in the power sector, academia, 
the press, and the private sector, concerning the impact of SARI/E-3. Many of the interviewees had directly 
benefited from the program, primarily from training and exchange programs. In Phase 3 of SARI/Energy, 
119 Bangladeshis participated in 18 workshops, conferences, and courses. The trainees spent a total of 589 
training days, or a bit less than 5 days per person. There were also five Small Grants awarded in Bangladesh. 
The electric power sector in Bangladesh is both bureaucratic and politicized. Thus, it is difficult for energy 
professionals to get their ideas implemented. The national regulatory body, BERC, is relatively new, and 
tariffs are not generally reflective of real costs. Almost every interviewee had “recommendations” for SARI-4, 
but these primarily concerned improvements in the power sector of Bangladesh. Most recommendations did 
promote energy efficiency, and renewable energy. In addition, there was interest in attracting private sector 
investment, and in trading natural gas. There is a government–owned private institution, IDCOL, which 
facilitates financing of small private-sector projects in renewable energy.
One notable achievement resulted from an exchange program under SARI III, in which Bangladeshis visited 
the Indian Energy Exchange. This was followed by exchange programs at the ministerial level. Subsequently 
an MOU was signed between Bangladesh and India for an interconnection. ADB has announced funding for 
part of it. The Power Grid Company has recommended that interconnections for natural gas be pursued as 
well.
DESCO, the distribution company for North Dhaka, credits SARI III with improving their Management 
Information System. Power Cell, a think tank within the Ministry of Power and Energy (MoPE) was 
involved in the prefeasibility study by PGCIL for wind power, but they thought that the study was not 
conducted at sufficiently high altitudes to provide convincing information to investors. They expressed 
interest in a more comprehensive wind assessment in SARI-4, because they believe that an additional 5 MW 
of wind power could be connected to the grid. In addition, they expressed interest in solar mapping to 
explore the feasibility of developing solar energy.
The Team visited two academic institutions. One, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology 
(BUET) has a Center for Energy, which has a laboratory for testing and certifying electrical equipment. This 
department provided a resource person on energy efficient lighting for a program on women in Dhaka. The 
organization Grameen Shakti is dedicated to the promotion of women in energy; they provided a resource 
person for a Women-in-Energy program in Pakistan.
The team interviewed a journalist, who is the founder and Editor of Energy & Power, a fortnightly magazine. 
He has been involved with the SARI program since 2000, attending workshops and study tours in every 
phase. He spoke about the need for outreach through print and electronic media. He praised SARI-2 for 
30 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
introducing a program for energy journalists, which was helpful in networking with journalists from the 
region. He said that SARI programs have been very useful for constructive dissemination of information, and 
he has reported much of this in his magazine. His recommendations for SARI-4 focused on expanded 
outreach, including: (a) reviving programs for energy journalists, in order to curb negative reporting; (b) 
mobilizing NGOs; (c) educating MPs, ministers, teachers/academicians; (d) including provincial people from 
NE states of India in forums and discussions; and (e) continuing to publish SARI News.
BHUTAN—SUMMARY OF IMPACT
• In Phase 3 of SARI/Energy 21 Bhutanese participated in 11 workshops, conferences, and courses. 
• One Small Grant was awarded in Bhutan 
• NREL conducted wind studies, which are now being reviewed. 
MALDIVES—SUMMARY OF IMPACT
Maldives has around 200 inhabited islands. The country depends entirely on imported fuels to meet their 
energy needs. Most power generation is concentrated in Male, the capital city. SARI impacts are given below:
• A submarine cable interconnection prefeasibility study has been carried out in 2009-10 to 
provide a techno-economic analysis of interconnecting power generation facilities involving 
different islands. The tender documents are now under preparation to implement some of the 
recommendations from this study. 
• 28 persons from local utilities have attended training over a period of 174 days at a total cost of 
US$ 114,409. This participation has improved technical awareness on issues concerning power 
generation, transmission, distribution, and renewable energy technologies.
NEPAL—SUMMARY OF IMPACT
Nepal has been an active participant in the SARI/E Phase III program. SARI III supported Nepal by 
providing various training opportunities: 77 people participated in various training activities. SARI also 
supported the establishment of a Regional Center of Excellence in Micro-hydro (RCEMH), and supported 12 
small grant projects. The impacts from the SARI/E activities -- some of which are direct and some are 
indirect – are described below: 
• India and Nepal signed a “Minute of Meeting” of stakeholders on power trade cooperation 
between Dalkebar (Nepal) and Muzaffarpur (India) Cross Border double circuit Transmission 
Line Project on November 8, 2009 in Kathmandu, Nepal.
• The Regional Center of Excellence in Micro Hydro (RCEMH) was launched in April 2009. 
AEPC has been promoting mini-grid formation among selected pilot mini/micro-hydro 
schemes, seeking to make it feasible for them to become connected to the national power grid. 
• The government and utility officials indicated that training provided by SARI/E was 
instrumental in enhancing their knowledge in power trade negotiations and how to enter into a 
dialogue with their Indian counterparts. The technical professionals felt that they were able to 
provide better information to politician for decision making in cross border power trade issues 
because of SARI’s on-going support.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 31
• As a part of Small Grant Program, SARI/Energy’s support of S3IDF in Nepal directly led to the design 
and approval of an Asian Development Bank (ADB) TA (technical assistance) project, “Increasing 
Access to Energy in Rural Nepal” (Project # 43299- 01). The ADB project is designed to implement 
S3IDF's social merchant bank (SMB) approach in Nepal, with an initial focus on an improved water mill 
program. ADB funding for the project is USD 933,000. The Nepalese government’s contribution is 
USD 170,000, The project includes a USD 500,000 revolving fund. Much of ADB's documentation for 
the project draws directly from SARI/Energy’s work and the project would not have otherwise been 
launched as ADB and other major donors are generally not in position to underwrite design efforts for 
innovative pro-poor clean energy projects. Following a competitive procurement, ADB selected S3IDF 
to assist it in the ADB project.37
• NREL conducted preliminary wind survey studies in Nepal.
 A total of 12 projects were supported as a part of Small Grants 
Program, for which a total of US$233,475 was provided. A total of more than 3,000 individuals were 
direct beneficiaries of the small grants, with an average cost of US $ 73 per direct beneficiary.
 
PAKISTAN—SUMMARY OF IMPACT
Some activities in Pakistan are on-going as part of SARI/Energy’s program. SARI III supported Pakistan 
through training: -- 23 people attended various training and exchange programs, in addition to those who 
received training by NREL. Pakistan directly benefited from advisory services related to the CASA-1000 
initiative. It also received 2 small grants. Further direct and indirect impacts from the SARI/E activities are 
described below:
Pakistan received technical, financial, and legal advisory support for its participation in CASA-1000. Under 
this framework, concessional, power purchase and transmission service agreements were analyzed, a techno￾economic feasibility study was prepared, and a final model was drafted. 
• A total of US$122,871 was provided for training for 23 participants from Pakistan.
• Pakistan also participated in SAWIE and various Executive Exchange Programs. 
• Two projects were supported as a part of Small Grant Program, for which a total of US $43,603 in 
grants was provided. A total of 200 people were direct beneficiaries of the programs at an average cost 
of US$218 per direct beneficiary.
• NREL conducted important wind survey studies, which are now under technical review.
SRI LANKA—SUMMARY OF IMPACT
Sri Lanka has benefitted substantially from SARI III. Impacts are briefly described below:
• A prefeasibility study was done under SARI and follow up activities have now resulted in an MOU 
between the Governments of India and Sri Lanka to undertake a technical feasibility for establishing 
viability for a high capacity transmission power link (HCTPL). 
• The SARI training on software for power simulators for Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) engineers has 
benefited both the operation and maintenance of power plants
• The training of CEB’s accountants has also improved the Management Information Systems (MIS) in the 
Financial Departments. 
 
• 37 The ADB project is now underway and details are available at: 
http://pid.adb.org/pid/TaView.htm?projNo=43299&seqNo=01&typeCd=2. 
32 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
• The Power Ministry’s participation in SARI’s clean coal technologies programs helped achieve capacity 
additions that are helping to meet increased power demands in the country. A 3 x 300 MW coal based 
power plant has been planned for the western coast and the first phase of 300 MW is likely to be 
commissioned in 2011. Another 2 x 250 MW + 1 x 500 MW coal based power plants are proposed by 
NTPC, in India on the eastern coast. 
• The wind power resource mapping exercise by NREL carried out under SARI helped the country’s 
public utility understand the implications of grid stability for interconnections. This study has now 
allowed the utility to install 30 MW wind power plants. Another 60 MW is under construction. The 
ministry hopes to add 10% additional capacity from renewables. They have initiated a World Bank 
sponsored technical study to assess the grid’s capability to take >90 MW of additional wind power. On 
the advice of SARI technical experts, the Power ministry has set up a Sustainable Energy Authority 
(SEA) in 2007 to oversee renewable energy and energy efficiency activities. 
• SARI helped set up a Centre of Excellence in Colombo as a Regional Centre for Lighting (RCL) in 2009 
under the newly formed Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA). The University of Moratuwa, the only 
technical university in Sri Lanka is closely associated with RCL and SEA in implementing its activities. 
The knowledge partner for this venture is the Lighting Research Centre at Rensselaer Polytechnic 
Institute, New York, USA. 
• SARI has provided repeated opportunities to officials in the utilities and other energy experts in the 
renewable energy sector to network with their counterparts in member countries and receive technical 
support and advice as needed.
• Tetra Tech trained a total of 246 persons for a total of 1095 person days of training at a cost of 
US$784,548. In addition, some Sri Lankans have also visited Spain and the Philippines under the USEA 
exchange program.
• Four projects were approved under the small grants program with USAID contribution of US$66,432 
and a matching contribution from the awardees of US$78,784 bringing the total project cost to 
US$145,216.
INDIA—SUMMARY OF IMPACT
The SARI project is based in Delhi. The institutional partner, Tetra Tech, has an office in Gurgaon, from 
which it administers activities in the eight SARI countries. India is learning how to be a donor country. As 
such, it serves more as a resource for technical assistance for the SARI/Energy project than a recipient 
country. Tetra Tech has identified 33 Indian entities that have contributed to SARI/Energy programs. [See 
appendix 4.] In Phase III, Indians participated in 10 workshops, conferences, and courses. Sixteen Small 
Grant Programs were awarded in India. 
The Women’s Institute for Sustainable Energy Research (WISER) was created by SARI/Energy in 
partnership with the Energy Management Center of the Government of Kerala, Trivandrum. It is discussed 
separately in the body of the report.
The Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) was established in June 2008 as a private body to provide a platform 
for trading electricity; it is also a platform for trading clean energy, from producers that have been certified by 
the CERC as renewable. It has 725 registered members and is funded by registration fees, annual fees, and 
deposits, in addition to service charges. It trades about 1.5-2% of the power generation of the country, which 
represents 85% of the market share of power traded over private power exchanges. It also trades renewable 
energy certificates (RECs) based on carbon credits, according to requirements initiated by the GoI. It believes 
that SARI III has increased its business. It looks forward to further increase in business under SARI IV 
through the development of cross-border training in the South Asia region.
NPTI is a not for profit training center under the Ministry of Power, with its own campus. Under SARI III, 
NPTI provided training to Afghan students in customized courses, as subcontractors to PA Consulting. They 
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 33
also provided one course in Afghanistan. They credit SARI with the growth of their facilities. They look 
forward to further expansion in SARI IV, because they think SARI will do more to promote communications 
with other South Asian countries. 
ELCOMA is an association of lighting manufacturers. Their membership represents about 80% of the 
lighting market, and they are supported by member dues. They establish quality standards for light bulbs. 
Lighting accounts for 18% of energy consumption. They credit SARI’s thrust in energy efficiency for an 
increase in the business of their members. In 2005, they sold less than 25M CFL bulbs. In addition to SARI’s 
initiatives, they promoted CFL themselves, using print and electronic media, and they provided guarantees. 
The result was successive yearly increases of total sales of 300M; they expect to sell 450M this year, which 
may start to strain their production capacity of 500M. They also credit the regional thrust of SARI, which has 
resulted in the increase in their percentage of exports of CFL, from 2% in 2005 to 12% currently. SARI has 
increased the demand for exports to Sri Lanka. Pakistan, too, would like to import bulbs from India, but they 
are prevented by political differences. Nevertheless, Pakistan has developed an understanding of the 
importance of quality control. 
34 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
APPENDIX 2: LIST OF POSSIBLE SARI IV ACTIVITIES FOR 
PAKISTAN
USAID/Pakistan has proposed a possible buy-in to SARI, to help the Mission handle some of the 
developmental issues that transcend the geographical borders of Pakistan itself. Such potential activities are 
important for Pakistan, since securing suitable sources of energy may require the country to reach into 
Afghanistan and beyond into Central Asia. A preliminary listing of possible initiatives that USAID/Pakistan 
might find it useful to support through an expanded SARI/Energy Phase IV program is given below.
USAID Pakistan – Possible Buy-ins for SARI Initiatives:
1. Further Wind Resource Assessment to be taken to next step to conduct a bankable study of the Wind 
Resource Assessment for sites in Excellent Category for Afghanistan and Pakistan. As a background the 
supply/demand of Electric Power status in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
• Identify sites most suitable for grid connection with load balancing requirement. 
• Identify the site for off grid development should also be identified. The data is available on NREL 
homer toolkit for hybrid least cost power generation for off grid communities.
2. Advisory Services for TAPI Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India gas pipeline. The consultant 
will verify the gas reserves potential working with GoT and Gasprom. The Advisors will be for 
Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
3. Advisory Services for Cross Border Energy Trade between countries. Currently it is CASA-1000 and be 
prepared for energy export from India to Pakistan moving to a goal of a South Asia – Central Asia Grid.
4. Identify communities for off grid electrification in the contiguous region of Afghanistan and Pakistan. 
• Conduct a study Assessment the Mini/micro Hydel assessment for these communities and have data 
available in the NREL Homer Toolkit. 
• Identify two communities in each county (Pakistan, Afghanistan) for a pilot. Conduct a series of 
application workshops to leverage hydel success in Nepal and Solar experience in Bangladesh --
Grameen Shakti. 
• The off grid electrification will run simulations on Homer Toolkit for least cost power options and 
finalize the optimum mix of wind/solar/hydel or other sources. 
• Conduct Public and Private sector workshops to build capacity in off grid electrification on a 
sustainable basis.
5. Electric Sector Reform Executive Exchanges and Workshops to familiarize Pakistani Power Sector 
professionals in Best practices, successes and lessons learnt in South Asia –particularly India. These will 
be conducted in travel logistic friendly venue – i.e. Dubai.
6. Biodiesel Executive Exchanges and Workshops to familiarize Pakistani and Afghan Public and Private 
sector personnel in Best practices, successes and lessons learnt in South Asia –particularly India. These 
will be conducted in travel logistic friendly venue – i.e. Dubai. In addition, provide Advisory services for 
application to specific region and facilitate application literature and material and equipment found most 
suitable. Provide a local Biodiesel expertise for assistance in applications
7. Solar Energy Executive Exchanges and Workshops to familiarize Pakistani and Afghan Public and 
Private sector personnel in Best practices, successes and lessons learnt in South Asia –particularly 
Bangladesh. In addition, provide Advisory services for application to specific region and facilitate 
application literature and material and equipment found most suitable. Provide a local solar expertise for 
assistance in applications.
8. Mini/Micro Hydel Executive Exchanges and Workshops to familiarize Pakistani and Afghan Public and 
Private sector personnel in Best practices, successes and lessons learnt in South Asia –particularly Nepal. 
In addition, provide Advisory services for application to specific region and facilitate application literature 
and material and equipment found most suitable. Provide a local Mini/Micro Hydel expertise for 
assistance in applications.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 35
36 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
APPENDIX 3: ILLUSTRATIVE LIST OF POSSIBLE MINI-GRID 
MICRO-HYDRO SITES IN NEPAL
SN District Number of Sites Combined Capacity (kW)
1 Bajura 4 259
2 Doti 4 121
3 Achham (Cluster 1) 5 146
4 Achham (Cluster 2) 6 228
5 Bhajhang 10 250
6 Dailekh 5 66
7 Kavrepalanchkow 6 205
8 Sindhupalchowk (Cluster 1) 7 183
9 Sindhupalchowk (cluster 2) 6 84
10 Dolakha 6 183
11 Dhading (Cluster 1) 7 93
12 Dhading (Cluster 2) 4 70
13 Myagdi 10 201
14 Taplejung 6 328
15 Panchthar (Cluster 1) 9 139
16 Panchthar (Cluster 2) 6 206
17 Kaski 3 65
18 Baglung 5 235
 
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 37
38 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
APPENDIX 4: A LIST OF INDIAN ORGANIZATIONS WORKING 
WITH SARI/ENERGY
A list of Indian organizations that have contributed to SARI/Energy programs is given below: 
• Andhra Pradesh Central Power Distribution Company Limited (APCPDCL), Hyderabad 
• Andhra Pradesh Transmission Company (APTRANSCO), Hyderabad 
• Bangalore Electric Supply Company (BESCOM), Banagluru 
• BSES Rajdhani, New Delhi 
• BSES Yamuna, New Delhi 
• Calcutta Electric Supply Company (CESC), Kokata 
• Central Electricity Authority (CEA), New Delhi 
• Center for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) 
• Central Institute of Rural Electrification (CIRE), Hyderabad 
• Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad 
• Central Power Research Institute (CPRI), Bengaluru 
• Electric Lamp and Component Manufacturer’s Association (ELCOMA), New Delhi 
• Energy Management Center (EMC) of Kerala, Trivandrum 
• Essun Reyroyalle, Hosur 
• India Electrical Equipment Manufacturer’s Association (IEEMA), Delhi and Mumbai 
• India Energy Exchange (IEX), New Delhi 
• Institute of Coal Management (ICM), Dhanbad 
• Institute of Wind Energy Research (InWEA), Delhi 
• Kotson Transformers, Ltd., Agra 
• Larson and Tubro, Coimbatore and Ooty 
• Mercados EMA SA of India, New Delhi 
• Moser Baer, New Delhi 
• National Power Training Institute (NPTI), Faridabad and Bangalore 
• National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), New Delhi and Noida 
• Power Grid India Limited (PGCIL), New Delhi and Gurgaon 
• Power Trading Corporation (PTC), New Delhi 
• Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA), Chandigarh 
• Secure Meters, Gurgaon and Udaipur 
• Suzlon Energy, Ltd., Coimbatore and Pondicherry 
• Transformers and Rectifiers, Limited, Ahmedabad 
• Vijai Electricals, Limited, Hyderabad 
• Dakshinanchal Vidyut Vitaran Nigan, Limited, Agra
• Yadav Measurements Pvt Ltd, Udaipur 
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 39
APPENDIX 5: PEOPLE CONSULTED AND/OR INTERVIEWED 
Team 1
Last 
Name
First 
Name
Designation Organization Address Cell Phone Telephone Fax Email
Nepal
1 Upadhy
aya
Anup 
Kumar
Joint Secretary Ministry of Energy Singh 
Durbar, 
Kathmandu
977 
9841531075
- - - 
2 Upadhy
aya
Deepak 
Kumar
General 
Manager
Nepal Electricity 
Authority
Ratna Park, 
Kathmandu
- 977-1-4153034 977 -1-
4153079
man@man.org.np
3 Pandey Ram 
Chandra
Director Nepal Electricity 
Authority
Ratnapark, 
Kathmandu
- 977-1-4153034 977 -1-
4153079
rcpandey@mos.co
m.np
4 Buda Sher 
Bahadur
Executive 
Director
Nepal Micro￾hydropower 
Development 
Association
Teku, 
Kathmandu
- 977 1 4231024 nmhda@nt
c.net.np
977 1 4231024
5 Devkot
a 
Krishna 
Prasad
Member 
Secretary
Nepal Micro￾hydropower 
Development 
Association
Teku, 
Kathmandu
- 977 
9851013375
977 1 
4231024
nmhda@ntc.net.np
6 Koirala Janak Treasurer Nepal Micro￾hydropower 
Development 
Association
Teku, 
Kathmandu
- 977 1 4231024 977 1 
4231024
nmhda@ntc.net.np 
7 Shresth
a 
Subarna 
Das
Chairperson Independent 
Power Producer 
Association Nepal
Heritaz 
Plaza, 
Kamaladi, 
Kathmandu
977 98510 
49432
977 1 4240975 977 1 
4240975
info@ippan.org.np
8 Gangol Pradeep Executive 
Director
Independent 
Power Producer 
Association Nepal
Heritaz 
Plaza, 
Kamaladi, 
Kathmandu
- 977 1 4240975 977 1 
4240975
info@ippan.org.np
40 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
9 Neupa
ne
Apar Independent 
Power Producer 
Association Nepal
` 977 98510 
93163
977-1-552 1864 977-1-
5539380
Apar.neupane@snp
ower.com
10 Chaula
gain
Narayan Executive 
Director
Alternative Energy 
Promotion Centre
Khumaltar, 
Lalitpur
977 
9851111006
977 1 5539391 977 1 
5539390
Narayan.chaulagain
@aepc.gov.np
11 Poudel Bharat Coordinator Center of 
Excellent Micro￾hydro, AEPC
Khumaltar 977 
9851108540
977 1 5539391 977 1 
5539390
Bharat.poudel@aep
c.gov.np
12 Ghimir
e 
Dilli Chairperson National 
Association of 
Community 
Electricity Users￾Nepal
Pulchowk, 
Lalitpur
9841 506488 977-1-5009152 977-1-
5009152
dilli@naceun.org.np
13 Sharma Puja Engineer National 
Association of 
Community 
Electricity Users￾Nepal
Pulchowk, 
Lalitpur
- 977-1-5009152 977-1-
5009152
pooja@ 
naceun.org.np
14 Adhika
ri
Krishan Senior 
Corresponden
ce
National News 
Agency
Singh 
Durbar
9841212585 - - -
15 Timilsin
a 
Netra TV/Radio 
Reporter
- - - - - -
16 Dawadi Shiva Reporter Rajdhani Daiky - - - - -
17 Thapa Bhola Dean Kathmandu 
University
Dhulikhel - 977-011-
661399
977-011-
661443
bhola@ku.edu.np
18 Chhetri Bhupendr
a 
Head of 
Department
Kathmandu 
University
Dhulikhel - 977-011-
661399
977-011-
661443
bbs@ku.edu.np
19 Baral Bibek Asst. 
Professor
Kathmandu 
University
Dhulikhel 977-011-
661399
977-011-
661443
bivek@ku.edu.np
20 Pradha
n 
Gyanendr
a Lal
Executive 
Chairperson
Hydro Solutions Syombhu, 
Kathmandu
- 977-1-4434003 977-1-
4672601
gyanendra@hydro￾solutions.org
21 Shresth
a 
Chij 
Kumar
Director, World Education Kathmandu 
& Bandipur, 
Nepal
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 41
Last 
Name
First 
Name
Designation Organization Address Cell Phone Telephone Fax Email
Pakistan
1 Gringer Jeffrey D. Economic 
Officer
Embassy of the 
United States of 
America
Diplomatic 
Enclave Ramna￾5, Islamabad.
92-301-
8544890
92-51-208-
2956
- gringerjd@state.gov
2 Qazi Tariq Ex- Chief 
Executive
National 
Transmission & 
Dispatch 
Company Ltd.
414 WAPDA 
house, Lahore
0333-
4088111
- - - 
3 Memon Muhamma
d Yousaf
Former 
Additional 
Secretary
Ministry of Water
and Power
Government of 
Pakistan, 
Islamabad
- - - ymemon_pk@yahoo.com
y_memon2001@hotmail.com
4 Masud Jamil (Dr.) Director Hagler Bailly 
Pakistan (Pvt.) 
Ltd.
39 Street 3, E7, 
Islamabad 44000
+(92345)85
5 3015
+(9251)26
10200-07
+(9251)26
1 0208-09
jmasud@haglerbailly.com.pk
5 Qureshi Manzar 
Naeem
Division 
Manager, Energy 
Programs
Hagler Bailly 
Pakistan (Pvt.) 
Ltd.
39 Street 3, E7, 
Islamabad 44000
92 345 300 +(9251)26
10200-07
+(9251)26
1 0208-09
mqureshi@haglerbailly.com.p
k 
6 Gembol Michael Energy Adviser Power 
Distribution 
Improvement 
Program, IRG
www.pdip.pk
Islamabad 92 336 513 
5338
- - mgembol@pdip.pk
7 Ghane
m 
Joseph Energy Adviser Power 
Distribution 
Improvement 
Program, IRG 
Islamabad 92 336 513 
5334
- - ighanem@pdip.pk
8 Hussian Syed Country 
Coordinator
SARI/E Islamabad - - - - sfhussain@dsi.net.pk
9 Masood Khalid Retired Senior 
Civil Serv’t, 
NWFP
Peshawar, 
Pakistan
<kmasood
@kmint.co
m> 
42 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Last 
Name
First 
Name
Designation Organization Address Cell Phone Telephone Fax Email
Afghanistan
1 Farouq Ghulam Deputy 
Minister
Ministry of Energy 
and Water
Darul-Aman
Road, Kabul
- - - <gfaruq11@yahoo.com>
2 Shams Jalil Chief 
Executive 
Officer
Da Afganistan 
Breshna Sherkat
Chaman 
Houzouri, Kabul
- - - -
3 Hairam Gulla Jan Chief 
Operating 
Officer
Da Afganishtan 
Breshna Sherkat
Chaman 
Houzouri
- - - -
4 Alami Mirwais Chief 
Commercial 
Officer
Da Afganishtan 
Breshna Sherkat
Chaman 
Houzouri
+93 (0) 
786860 000
- - Mirwas.alami@dabs.af
5 Wardak Abdul 
Rasool
Country 
Coordinator
SARI/E Kabul USAID, Kabul - - - -
6 Abawi Mehboba Community 
Development 
and Gender 
Officer
UN/FAO UN/FAO 
Ministry of 
Agriculture
+93 706 169 
813
- - Iwl.afghanistan@yahoo.com
7 Azimi Ali. M. Chief of Party Afghanistan Clean 
Energy Program
USAID/IRG, 
Kabul
+93 (0) 797 
808 806
- - aazimi@acepaf.com.
8 Keith David Vice President Tetra Tech 4601 North 
Fairfax Drive, 
Arlington, USA
703 380 2582 703 387 
2127
703 387 
2160
David.keith@tetratech.com
9 Piawera
y 
Hayatullah Tetra Tech 0799340 973 0786 191 
146
- Piawery1@yahoo.com
10 Rahimi Hosay Project 
Manager
Geres (energy 
NGO) Afghanistan
H# 2 St# 2, 
Dehbori, Sara-e￾Ghazani, Kabul
+93 (0) 700 
1387 45
- - h.rahini@geres.eu
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 43
Last 
Name
First 
Name
Designation Organization Address Cell Phone Telephone Fax Email
Afghanistan
11 Ramin Mohamma
d Riaz
Head of 
Construction 
Department
Geres Afghanistan H# 2 St# 2, 
Dehbori, Sara-e￾Ghazani, Kabul
+93 (0) 799 
19 70 83
- - r.rameen@geres.eu
12 Breuil Owen Contry 
Director
Geres Afghanistan H# 2 St# 2, 
Dehbori, Sara-e￾Ghazani, Kabul
+93 (0) 799 
118 304
- - afghanistan@geres.eu
13 Arya Ahmad 
Saboor
Energy 
Unit/Head 
Engineering 
Department
National Solidarity 
Program, Ministry of 
Rural Rehabilitation 
and Development, 
Kabul
Tashkilat Street, 
Darul Aman 
Road, Kabul
+93 (0)700 
281 216
- - eng_arya@yahoo.com
14 Javid Sultan Ali Head of 
Energy for 
Rural 
Development 
for 
Afghanistan
National Area 
Based Development 
Program
Ministry of Rural 
Rehabilitation 
and 
Development,M
RRD Building, 
Darulaman 
Compound, 
Kabul
+93 (0) 799 
03 64 56
- - sultan.javid@mrrd.gov.af
15 Durrani Nasir Dep Minister Ministry of Mines 0700 258 130 NDurrani2
0@ 
hotmail.co
m;NDurra
ni@mom.g
ov.af
16 Shariff Mohamma
d S.
Associate 
Prof.
Kabul University Jamal Mina, 
Kabul
+93 (0)700 
29 32 45
- - sharifimohd@gmail.com
17 Neuling R. Bruce Economic 
Officer
Embassy of the 
United States of 
America
Kabul +93 (0) 799 
797 538
+93 (0) 
700 108 
364
- neulingBX@state.gov
18 Hansen John F. Director, 
Energy and 
Water 
Division
U.S. Agency for 
International 
Development
East Compound, 
US Embassy, 
Great Masood 
Road, Kabul
+93 (0) 793 
550 128
- - jhansen@usaid.gov
44 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Last 
Name
First 
Name
Designation Organization Address Cell Phone Telephone Fax Email
Afghanistan
19 Nims Matthew Deputy 
Division Chief, 
Water and 
Energy
U.S. Agency for 
International 
Development
East Compound, 
US Embassy, 
Great Masood 
Road, Kabul
+93 (0) 799 
117 674 
- - mnims@usaid.gov
20 Krishna
n 
G. Krish Senior Energy 
specialist
U.S. Agency for 
International 
Development
1325 G. Street 
N.W. Suite 400 
Washington DC
- (202) 219 
0238
- gkrishnan@usaid.gov
21 Rahimi Azizullah Director Rural Enterprise and 
Energy Department
Ministry of Rural 
Reconstruction 
and Rural 
Development
- - - rahimi.azizullah@gmail.com.
22 Assefy Homayou
n 
Sardar Retired diplomat Karte Char 0799 401 401 0707 401 
401
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 45
Last Name First 
Name
Designation Organization Address Cell Phone Telephone Fax Email
India
1 Padmanaban S Director, 
Senior 
Energy 
Adviser
SARI/E, Senior 
Energy 
Advisor
USAID, American 
Embassy, 
Chanakyapuri
- 2419 8469 2419 8454 spadmanaban@usaid.gov
2 Thomas Mercy K. Regional 
Project 
Coordinator
SARI/E USAID, American 
Embassy, 
Chanakyapuri
- 91 11 2419 
8567
91 11 2419 
8454
methomas@usaid.gov
3 Bhutad Amol Program 
Management 
Specialist
SARI/E USAID, American 
Embassy, 
Chanakyapuri
- 91 11 2419 
8693
91 11 2419 
8454
abhutad@usaid.gov
4 Samal Chandan 
K.
Project 
Development 
Specialist
USAID USAID, American 
Embassy, 
Chanakyapuri
- 91 11 2419 
8038
91 11 2419 
8454
csamal@usaid.gov
5 Lal Charushila Program 
Development 
Specialist
USAID USAID, American 
Embassy, 
Chanakyapuri
- 91 11 2419 
8399
91 11 2419 
8612
clal@usaid.gov
6 Range Shubh 
Kumar
Project 
Ccoordinator
Social Impact 
Inc. India
- 91 
9810999918
- - shubhndavid@yahoo.com
7 Sharma Parul Senior 
Manager 
Research
Sambodhi 
Research and 
Communicatio
n Pvt. Ltd., 
New Delhi
Lajpat Nagar, 
New Delhi
9198119014
11
parul@sambodhi.co.in
8 Soto M. Erin Mission 
Director
USAID, American 
Ambasssy, 
- 91 11 2419 
8400
91 11 2419 
8454
esoto@usaid.gov
9 Warfield Elizabeth Deputy 
Mission 
Director
USAID American 
Ambasssy, 
Chanakyapuri
- 91 11 2419 
8400
91 11 2419 
8454
-
10 Hajny Michael Chief of 
Party
Tetra Tech DLF Cyber City, 
Gurgaon, Haryana
91 
9650811660
91 124 
4737400
91 124 
4737444
Michael.hajny@tetratech.co
m 
11 Pattanaik Sabyasachi Senior 
Technical 
Tetra Tech DLF Cyber City, 
Gurgaon, Haryana
91 
9818066004
91 124 
4737400
91 124 
4737444
Sabyasachi.pattanaik@tetrat
ech.com
46 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Advisor
12 Wells John 
Bruce
Clean Energy 
Access 
Adviser
Tetra Tech DLF Cyber City, 
Gurgaon, Haryana
91 99108 
80918
91 124 
4737400
91 124 
4737444
Johnbruce.wells@tetratech.
com
13 Mongia Nandita Principal 
Technical 
Advisor
Tetra Tech DLF Cyber City, 
Gurgaon, Haryana
- 91 124 
4737400
91 124 
4737444
Nandita.mongia@tetratech.
com
14 Kathuria Vinita Manager 
Outreach 
and Events
Tetra Tech DLF Cyber City, 
Gurgaon, Haryana
- 91 124 
4737400
91 124 
4737444
Vinita.kathuria@tetratech.c
om
15 Jain Ajay Technical 
Specialist, 
Energy 
Consultant
Tetra Tech DLF Cyber City, 
Gurgaon, Haryana
91 
9717623555
91 124 
4737400
91 124 
4737444
Ajay.jain@tetratech.com
16 Bhati N. K. Managing 
Director
Yadav 
Measurements 
Private 
Limited
RIICO 
Bhamashah 
Industrial Area, 
Udaipur
- 0294 
2650127
0294-
2650129
Nandkishore.bhati@ymllabs
.com
17 Vyas Balmukun
da
Asst. General 
Manager
Yadav 
Measurements 
Private 
Limited
RIICO 
Bhamashah 
Industrial Area, 
Udaipur
- 0294 
2650127
0294-
2650129
Balmukunda.vyas@ymllabs.c
om
18 Joshi Manish Manager￾Marketing
Yadav
Measurements 
Private 
Limited
RIICO 
Bhamashah 
Industrial Area, 
Udaipur
- 0294 
2650127
0294-
2650129
Manish.joshi2@ymllabs.com
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 47
Last Name First 
Name
Designation Organization Address Cell Phone Telephone Fax Email
Bhutan
1 Wagdi Yeshi Director 
General
Depart of 
Energy, 
Ministry of 
Economic 
Affairs
Post Box 106 
Thimpu.
17640974 +975 2 
322505
+975 2 
323555
+975 2 
335122
ywangdi@druknet.bt
2 Choeda Ngawang Deputy 
Executive 
Engineer
PCD, Depart 
of Energy, 
Ministry of 
Economic 
Affairs
Post Box 106 
Thimpu. - +975 2 
322505
+975 2 
323555
+975 2 
335122
-
3 Gyeltshen Mewang Head/Chief 
Engineer
Renewable 
Energy 
Division, 
Depart of 
Energy, 
Ministry of 
Economic 
Affairs
Post Box 106 
Thimpu. - +975 2 
322505
+975 2 
323555
+975 2 
335122
-
4 Tshering Nima Officiating 
Chief 
Executive 
Officer
Bhutan 
Electricity 
Authority
- - - - -
5 Choden Deki Chief Tariff 
Officer
Bhutan 
Electricity 
Authority
- - - - -
6 Yonzen Bharat 
Tamang
Managing 
Director
Bhutan Power 
Corporation 
Ltd.
P.O.Box 580, 
Thimpu
- (+975) 2 
336082
(+975) 2
331988
bharattamang@bpc.bt
7 Wangmo Rinchen Conservation 
and 
Development 
Coordinator
Royal Society 
for Protection 
of Nature
P. O. Box 325 
Thimpu
+975 
17604192
+975 2 
322056
+975 2 
323189
rwangmo@rspnbhutan.org
48 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Team II: Sri Lanka, Maldives, Kerala, India, & Bangladesh
Date Time Name Organization Location
10-Nov 10:00 Mr Mike Ellis Former COP, SARI/E, Phase III Tetratech Arlington, USA
15:00 Dr Russel DeLucia Chairman [by phone] S3IDF Boston, USA
12-Nov 9:00 David Renne Program Director NREL 
 Shannon Cowlin SARI Project Manager NREL 
12:00 John Hammond USEA 
 Sarah Blandford USEA 
15-Nov 10:00 S Padmanaban Director USAID SARI E Regional office US Embassy, Delhi India
 Charanshila Lal Program Development Specialist USAID/ India US Embassy, Delhi India
 Amol Bhutad Program Development Specialist USAID SARI E Regional office US Embassy, Delhi India
 Chandan K Samal Program Development Specialist USAID/ India US Embassy, Delhi India
 Mercy K Thomas Regional Project Coordinator USAID SARI E Regional office US Embassy, Delhi India
 Elizabeth Warfield Dep Mission Director, USAID US Embassy, Delhi India
16-Nov 11:00 Ms M Erin Soto Mission Director USAID/ India US Embassy, Delhi India
13:00 Mr Michael Hanjy COP, SARI/Energy, Phase III Tetratech Gurgoan, Haryana, India
 Mr. Sabyasachi Pattanaik Sr Technical Advisor, SARI III Tetratech Gurgoan, Haryana, India
17-Nov 9:00 Mr John Bruce Wells Clean Energy Access Advisor, SARI III Tetratech Gurgoan, Haryana, India
 12:00 Dr Nandita Mongia Principal Technical Advisor, SARI III Tetratech Gurgoan, Haryana, India
 15:00 Ms Vinita Kotharia Manager, Outreach & Events, SARI III Tetratech Gurgoan, Haryana, India
18-Nov 12:00 Mr Shyam Sujan Secretary General ELCOMA New Delhi, India
 Mr HS Mamak Advisor ELCOMA New Delhi, India
12:00 Mr JSS Rao Principal Director NPTI
Faridabad, Haryana, India
Ajay Jain
Technical Specialist – Energy Consultant, 
SARI Tetra Tech
Ms Bhakti Bhowmik Specialist – Outreach & Events, SARI III Tetra Tech
Ritesth Kumar Singh Senior Associate, SARI III Tetra Tech
19 Nov Mr SK Choudhary Director (Corporate Planning) NPTI Faridabad, Haryana, India
 Ms Manju Senior Faculty NPTI Faridabad, Haryana, India
 15:00 Mr Rajesh K Mendiratta Vice President - Business Development Indian Energy Exchange New Delhi, India
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 49
25-Nov 9:00 Ms Ramani K Nissanka Director Regional Centre for Lighting Colombo, Sri Lanka
 11:00 Mr Upali Daranagama
Additional Secretary (Planning & 
Development) Ministry of Power & Energy Colombo, Sri Lanka
 15:00 Mr Damitha Kumarsinghe Director General
Public Utilities Commission of 
Sri Lanka Colombo, Sri Lanka
26-Nov 9:00 Ms Kamani Jayasekara Chief Engineer (Transmission & Planning) Ceylon Electricity Board Colombo, Sri Lanka
 10:00 Mr WDAS Perera Finance Manager Ceylon Electricity Board Colombo, Sri Lanka
 Mr Tissa Kumara Liyanage Addl Finance Manager Ceylon Electricity Board Colombo, Sri Lanka
 11:30
Mr Chandana 
Samarasinghe Director General
SL Sustainable Energy 
Authority Colombo, Sri Lanka
 Mr MMR Pathmasiri Director (Energy Management)
SL Sustainable Energy 
Authority Colombo, Sri Lanka
 15:00
Mr Bandula 
Chandrasekara Programs Coordinator Energy Forum Colombo, Sri Lanka
27-Nov 11:00 Mr Damitha Samarakoon Programs Manager Practical Action Colombo, Sri Lanka
 17:30 Dr Rahula Attalage Director (PG Studies) University of Moratuwa Colombo, Sri Lanka
29-Nov 8:30 Ms Priyanka Dissanayake CCO SARI/E USAID/Sri Lanka Colombo, Sri Lanka
 Ms Salma S Peiris Sr Program Management Specialist USAID/Sri Lanka Colombo, Sri Lanka
 11:00
Mr M Lakshitha 
Weerasinghe Chief Engineer (System Operations) Ceylon Electricity Board Colombo, Sri Lanka
 Mr J Nanthakumar Chief Engineer (Operations Audit) Ceylon Electricity Board Colombo, Sri Lanka
 13:00 Mr Harin Malwatte Secretary General
Ceylon Chamber of 
Commerce Colombo, Sri Lanka
 Ms Gayathri Gunaruwan Sr Economist -Economic Intelligence Unit
Ceylon Chamber of 
Commerce Colombo, Sri Lanka
 15:00 Dr Tilak Siyambalapitiya Director
Resource Management 
Consultants P Ltd Colombo, Sri Lanka
 16:00 Ms Priyanhti Fernando Executive Director Centre for Poverty Analysis Colombo, Sri Lanka
1-Dec 10:00 Mr Mohammed Rasheed Chief Executive Officer STELCO Male, Maldives
 Mr Ahmed Niyaz Director STELCO Male, Maldives
 Mr Ahmed Iqbal Senior Engineer STELCO Male, Maldives
 Mr Azzam Ibrahim Senior Engineer STELCO Male, Maldives
 11:30 Mr Hussain Niyaaz Additional Secretary Min of Foreign Affairs Male, Maldives
 13:30 Mr Akram Assistant Engineer Min of Housing & Environment Male, Maldives
 Mr Hassan Project Coordinator Min of Housing & Environment Male, Maldives
 Ms Fathima Moosa 1.1.1 Assistant Engineer
1.1.2 Min of Housing & 
Environment 1.1.3 Male, Maldives
50 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
 1-Dec Mr Asif Environment Analyst Min of Housing & Environment Male, Maldives
 15:00 Mr Ali Hassan Managing Director Northern Utilities Male, Maldives
 Mr Ahmed Shamoon Director (Finance) Northern Utilities Male, Maldives
2-Dec 16:00 Prof VK Damodharan Vice Chairman, EMC
Dept of Power, Government 
of Kerala Thiruvanthapuram, India
 
Mr KM Dharesan 
Unnithan Director, EMC
Dept of Power, Government 
of Kerala Thiruvanthapuram, India
3-Dec 10:30 Ms RV Jaya Padma Regional Director, WISER
Dept of Power, Government 
of Kerala Thiruvanthapuram, India
 15:00 Mr Paul Antony IAS Principal Secretary
Dept of Power, Government 
of Kerala Thiruvanthapuram
5-Dec 8:30 Mr Dennis Sharma Dep Mission Director USAID/Bnagladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Mark Visocky Actg Director, Economic Growth Office USAID/ Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
 
Mr AKD Sher 
Mohammad Khan CCO SARI/E USAID/ Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
 12:00
Mr Mahboob Sarwar-E￾Kainat Director General Power Cell, Power Division Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Amzad Hossain Director (Commercial) Power Cell, Power Division Dhaka, Bangladesh
 13:30 Prof Shahidul I Khan Dept of Electrical & Electronics Engg
Bangladesh Univ of Engg & 
Technology (BUET) Dhaka, Bangladesh
 14:30 Md Abdus Sobhan Managing Director
Dhaka Power Distribution 
Company Ltd Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr FM Faridul Hoque Director (Operations)
Dhaka Power Distribution 
Company Ltd Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr ASM Seraj Uddullah Director (Engineering)
Dhaka Power Distribution 
Company Ltd Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Mohammad Iqbal General Manager (CP&S)
Dhaka Power Distribution 
Company Ltd Dhaka, Bangladesh
 15:30 Mr Tapos Kumar Roy Addl Secretary
Power Division, Min of Power, 
G o B Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Mohammad Alauddin Dy Secretary
Power Division, Min of Power, 
G o B Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Siddique Zobair Sr Adviser
Power Division, Min of Power, 
G o B Dhaka, Bangladesh
 
Mr Md Monwar Hasan 
Khan Sr Asst Chief
Power Division, Min of Power, 
G o B Dhaka, Bangladesh
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 51
6-Dec 10:00 Md Rafiqul Alam Managing Director
Power Grid Corporation of 
Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Md Showkat Hossain Director (Finance)
Power Grid Corporation of 
Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr PK Roy
Power Grid Corporation of 
Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Mohammad Hussain Director (Training)
Power Grid Corporation of 
Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
 12:30 Mr Syed Yusuf Hossain Chairman
Bangladesh Energy Regulatory 
Commission Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Md Haronur rashid Dep Director (Power)
Bangladesh Energy Regulatory 
Commission Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Zaved Choudhury Director (Gas)
Bangladesh Energy Regulatory 
Commission Dhaka, Bangladesh
 14:30 Mr Islam Sharif Chief Executive Officer
Infrastructure Development 
Co Ltd Dhaka, Bangladesh
 15:30 Mr Aftab ul Islam President
American Chamber of 
Commerce in Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
7-Dec 8:45 Dr Ijaz Hossain Professor, Dept of Chemical Engineering BUET Dhaka, Bangladesh
 10:00 Dr Md Hussain Monsur Chairman PetroBangla Dhaka, Bangladesh
 
Dr Molla Md. Mobirul 
Hossain Director (Operations) PetroBangla Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Meer abdul Matin
General Manager (Mine Operation 
Division) PetroBangla Dhaka, Bangladesh
 12:00 Mr Mizanur Rahman Director (System Planning)
B'desh Power Development 
Board Dhaka, Bangladesh
 
Mr Al Mudabbir Bin 
Anam Sub Divisional Engineer (System Planning)
B'desh Power Development 
Board Dhaka, Bangladesh
8-Dec 9:30 Dr M Rezwan Khan Vice Chancellor United International University Dhaka, Bangladesh
 11:30 Mr Abser Kamal Acting Managing Director Grameen Shakti Dhaka, Bangladesh
 
Mr Md Ahsan Ullah 
Bhuiyan Asst General Manager Grameen Shakti Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Md Fazley Rabbi Senior Manager Grameen Shakti Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Rezaul Islam Head of Technical Division Grameen Shakti Dhaka, Bangladesh
 14:30
Mr Mollah Amzad 
Hossain Editor Energy & Power Magazine Dhaka, Bangladesh
 16:00 Mr Masud Rahman President
Canada Bangladesh Chamber 
of Comm & Ind Dhaka, Bangladesh
52 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
9-Dec 9:30 Mr James Ford Country Director NRECA Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Robert O Ellinger COP, REDP NRECA Dhaka, Bangladesh
 11:30 Mr Qudrate Khuda Director (Finance)
Dhaka Electric Supply Co 
(DESCO) Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Md Shahjahan Mia GM (Operation & Network Control)
Dhaka Electric Supply Co 
(DESCO) Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr SM Habibur Rahman DGM (S&D Division)
Dhaka Electric Supply Co 
(DESCO) Dhaka, Bangladesh
 
Mr Md Shafiqul Islam 
Choudhury GM (Incharge) (Procurement & Store)
Dhaka Electric Supply Co 
(DESCO) Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Shah Alam DGM (SE & D) & Project Director
Dhaka Electric Supply Co 
(DESCO) Dhaka, Bangladesh
 14:30 Ms Denise Rollins Mission Director USAID Dhaka, Bangladesh
 Mr Naren Chanmugam Office Director, Economic Growth USAID Dhaka, Bangladesh
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 53
APPENDIX 6: SUMMARY WRITE UP: CENTER OF EXCELLENCE, 
REGIONAL CENTER FOR LIGHTING
The Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) set up under the Ministry of Power & Energy oversees renewable 
energy and energy efficiency activities. On the advice of SARI technical experts, the SEA helped establish a 
Center of Excellence in Colombo as a Regional Center for Lighting (RCL) in April, 2009. SARI provided 
technical help through the Lighting Research Center at Rensselaer, New York, USA. 
RCL plans to increase the awareness and affordability of energy efficient, reliable and clean lighting 
technologies: 
• Catalyze regional manufacturing of energy efficient lighting products
• Retrain and educate the necessary workforce to create sustainable lighting
SEA has already identified an area in the international convention complex for use by the RCL. The partition 
work is under progress and is expected to be ready by Jan 2011. The centre will also house a laboratory to 
undertake research work related to local needs and to develop new lighting products. The laboratory will also 
provide assistance in establishing standards for lighting products and issue certificates for products 
manufactured locally in the region. 
The center will conduct capacity building and awareness programs for participants from the region and 
demonstrate new technologies in lighting applications. One 5-day residential program was conducted with 16 
participants from the region. A second program is planned in Jan 2011 at Male, Maldives. A website launched 
in Sep 2009 provides information to architects/engineers/consumers to contact the centre and utilize its 
services.
A two-year business plan has been developed and submitted for approval. A proposal has also been 
submitted to ADB for replacement of incandescent lamps with certified CFLs in 2000 households. A load 
research is under way in 3000 households. An MOU has been signed with Eco Asia for joint collaboration in
lighting activities. The University of Moratuwa, the only technical university in the country is also associated 
with the RCL to implement its activities. The RCL is likely to come directly under the Ministry of Power after 
obtaining cabinet approval. The Ministry will also get SAARC expert group approval to get member buy-in. 
54 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
APPENDIX 7: EVALUATION, SCOPE OF WORK
II. EVALUATION SCOPE
TITLE
Mid-Term Evaluation of the South Asia Regional Initiative/Energy (SARI/E) Program
OBJECTIVE
The overarching objective of this mid-term evaluation is to:
• Determine the overall impact the activity has had; 
• Test the continued validity of the hypotheses on which the program was designed; 
• Assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of SARI/E implementation tools and management 
structure in meeting its objectives; and, 
• Explore the extent to which the program strengthened institutional capacity, promoted information￾based dialogue and coalitions related to energy sector reform, and the formation of regional networks 
and centers of excellence for sharing of best practices in an effort to influence decision-makers 
engaged in deliberations over energy sector markets reform, cross-border trade and clean energy 
applications; 
• Make recommendations on whether the next phase of the activity should be undertaken. 
STATEMENT OF WORK
This scope of work is for an evaluation of the impact of the program, the validity of the hypotheses 
underpinning the strategy, the appropriateness of the implementation strategy in reaching the program’s 
objectives, and the cost-effectiveness and impact of activities implemented by the SARI/E partners. The 
evaluation will also explore the extent to which the program strengthened institutional capacity, promoted 
information-based dialogue and coalitions related to energy sector reform, and the formation of regional 
networks and centers of excellence for sharing of best practices in an effort to influence decision-makers 
engaged in deliberations over energy sector markets reform, crossborder trade and clean energy applications. 
In particular, the evaluation will assess the SARI/E program along the following criteria:
1. IMPACT: What has been the impact of activities implemented under SARI/E, specifically for the 
Phase III period from FY07-FY11? The evaluation team will conduct a performance evaluation of 
the partners in implementing their respective scopes of work. Are partners meeting their 
responsibilities under their contracts or grants? Are partners planning their individual activities with 
the broader objectives and sub-objectives in mind?
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 55
2. RELEVANCE: Are the original hypotheses on which the program was designed still valid? Does the 
SARI/E program continue to respond to needs in the region, and has the program positioned itself 
to take advantage of emerging opportunities to promote greater cooperation in energy and regional 
stability? In light of current needs and opportunities for regional cooperation in energy, is there a 
need for an extension of the SARI/E program to meet the program objectives, including a 
discussion of the PACD, funding levels, areas of assistance/ intervention, and program management 
structure?
3. EFFECTIVENESS: To date, have the program management structure and the adopted 
implementing tools (contracts, cooperative agreements and USG inter-agency vehicles) been effective 
in ensuring maximum coordination of activities under SARI/E so as to avoid duplication of effort? 
Are there gaps in coordination that potentially hinder the achievement of results or which fail to take 
advantage of synergies among individual activities? (e.g., are training and technical assistance activities 
coordinated and sequenced so that they benefit from each other?)
4. EFFICIENCY: If possible, determine if results achieved under SARI/E are being produced at an 
acceptable cost compared with alternative approaches accomplishing the same objectives. What 
alternative approaches exist which could achieve results at greater efficiency and what mechanisms 
can be recommended for implementing the alternative approaches? How well have implementing 
partners worked as a team to coordinate work plans and activities in the interests of achieving the 
objectives of the overall SARI/E program? Have technical assistance, training, and partnerships been 
targeted at the appropriate beneficiaries to ensure the greatest impact in advancing the policy 
dialogue in support of regional energy cooperat ion? To what extent have the outputs from technical 
assistance, training and other SARI/Efunded activities been utilized by targeted beneficiaries? What 
evidence is there that best practices have been taken up by additional individuals who received 
information from targeted beneficiaries? To what extent have SARI/E activities supported or 
complemented activities sponsored by other donor partners, such as the World Bank and the Asian 
Development Bank in South Asia? Measuring program impact requires the existence of good 
performance monitoring systems at the level of individual partners, as well as at the level of program 
management. The evaluation team will also investigate whether systems have been established 
internally for tracking, monitoring, and reporting on results attributable to SARI/E activities and 
whether these systems utilize independently verifiable information.
5. SUSTAINABILITY: Are the results and impact of SARI/E activities sustainable in terms of creating 
institutional capacity and filling gaps on behalf of the program’s key beneficiaries? What evidence has 
there been of host countries taking ownership of the SARI/E program, including promoting the 
networks and forums and advocating the best practices developed and disseminated under SARI/E? 
Based on results to date, are these activities likely to engender sustainable development impacts after 
USAID funding has stopped?
56 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
6. PROJECT ASSISTANCE COMPLETION DATE EXTENSION: The original program 
framework envisaged that the SARI/E program would be implemented through a two-phased 
approach. The first phase objective was proof of concept with the second phase following to 
implement structures and solutions to effect regional energy trade and cooperation. Under the Phase 
II reauthorization, SARI/E PACD was extended until September 30, 2008. Subsequently the PACD 
was extended until September 2011 under Phase III of the program. The SARI/E evaluation team 
should assess the need for extension of the SARI/E PACD to meet the overall program objectives. 
The team should also recommend the new timeframe and program focus and direction under Phase 
IV. This scope of work does not include an evaluation of complementary activities funded by other 
USAID operating units (such as the bilateral Missions), nor those activities funded by other USG 
agencies.
REPORTS AND DELIVERABLES
1. Draft Work Plan and Pre-Departure Briefings. The evaluation team will develop a draft work plan prior 
to departure from Washington, DC. The team will meet with USAID and other contractor staff for at least 
three working days prior to departure for the field.
2. Oral Presentation. The evaluation team will provide an oral briefing of its findings and recommendations 
to the SARI/E Program Director and relevant staff in the field as well as to the respective country 
coordinators and other USAID staff at the conclusion of the visits to the various SARI/E participating 
countries.
3. Draft Report. The evaluation team will present a draft report of its findings and recommendations to the 
SARI/E Director before return to the United States.
4. Final Report. Ten paper copies of the final report as well as an electronic version in Word shall be 
submitted within five working days following receipt of comments from USAID and its implementing 
partners. Ten copies will be provided to S. Padmanaban, Regional Program Director, SARI/E Program, 
USAID/New Delhi, and two copies will be provided to PPC/CDIE/DI. The final report should include an 
executive summary of no more than three pages, a main report with conclusions and recommendations not 
to exceed 20 pages, a copy of this scope of work, evaluation questionnaires used to collect information on 
each of the program components, and lists of persons and organizations contacted. The final report, with 
executive summary and electronic files, must be received by the SARI/E Regional Program Director not later 
than January 15, 2011 in time for distribution at the SARI/E Advisory Board annual meeting tentatively 
scheduled for early March 2011.
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 57
RELATIONSHIPS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The contractor will work under the guidance and general direction of Mr. S. Padmanaban, Program Director, 
SARI/E in the field. In the absence of Mr. Padmanaban, the contractor will coordinate their field activities 
and take day-to-day guidance, where necessary, from Amol Bhutad, Deputy Regional Program Manager, 
SARI/E, New Delhi. USAID will provide separately for the services of a Results Framework/Performance 
Monitoring Plan (RF/PMP) expert to assist the team, and specifically to contribute to the Performance 
Monitoring Plan (PMP) Indicators Annex to this mid-term evaluation, with up to two pages of text summary 
in the main body of the report. The evaluation team supplied by the contractor is expected to coordinate 
closely with the USAID RF/PMP expert, and to share information obtained throughout the evaluation 
period on interim results for incorporation into the PMP Indicator annex.
PERFORMANCE PERIOD
October 2010 through December 2010.
WORK DAYS
It is anticipated that a 4-person evaluation team will work for approx ten weeks for this evaluation, i.e. 1) 
three days in Washington, DC to read program documents, obtain briefings from USAID and implementing 
partner staff, and draft the evaluation work plan, and three days of consultation in Delhi; 2) two weeks 
working in the field that includes one week travelling between countries, one week in New Delhi, and 3-4 
working days each in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Maldives; 3) 14 days 
for final consultations and drafting the report in Delhi, including a presentation to USAID of the draft final 
report, prior to finalization, and; 4) 2 days to finalize the report.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS
DUTY POST
New Delhi, India; Kabul, Afghanistan, Islamabad, Pakistan, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Kathmandu, Nepal; 
Colombo, Sri Lanka. Thimpu, Bhutan and Male, Maldives
LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS
None
ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION
Not Applicable.
58 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
Technical Qualifications and Experience Requirements for the Evaluation Team
All team members must have relevant prior experience in South Asia, familiarity with USAID’s objectives, 
approaches, and operations, and prior evaluation/assessment experience. In addition, individual team 
members should have the technical qualifications identified for their position below:
U.S. Team Leader (Senior Program & Policy Analyst): The Team Leader will be responsible for 
coordinating evaluation activities and ensuring the production and completion of a quality report, in 
conformance with this scope of work, and which may become a public document for distribution among the 
program’s key stakeholders, including high-level U.S. government policy makers and officials, host country 
government officials, private sector and NGO leaders, and other audiences. In addition to proven ability to 
provide this leadership role, involving a technically and logistically complex program, he/she should have 
substantial and demonstrated expertise in evaluation techniques involving projects with technical assistance,
training, advocacy, and partnership components. The Team Leader must have extensive experience with 
energy sector policy, sector reform, and trade development. Significant SA experience will be highly 
advantageous. (LOE up to 55 days) 
Evaluation Methods Specialist: This expert will have deep knowledge of evaluation methodologies and 
their practical applications. (LOE up to 55 days) 
Senior Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Analysts: In addition to the Team Leader and 
Evaluation Specialist, the contractor should propose two additional energy sector specialists that are nationals 
from two separate countries in the region, with substantial experience and expertise in energy sector issues in 
SA. Each of the energy sector specialists will be assigned to investigate one of the three thematic program 
activities: (1) strengthening institutional capacity, (2) promoting information-based dialogue and coalitions 
related to energy sector reform, and (3) the formation of regional networks for sharing of best practices in an 
effort to influence decision-makers engaged in deliberations over energy sector reform and cross-border 
trade. (LOE up to 50 days for each specialist) 
As a team, the energy analysts shall possess expertise in private sector energy development, as well as the four 
priority areas of technical assistance of Phase III of SARI/E identified in Section C-1 above, i.e.:
• Cross Border Trade;
• Energy Markets Formation;
• Clean Energy Access; and,
• Afghanistan Power Sector Capacity Building Program
After initial meetings in Delhi, the team is expected to break out into two teams, one team covering 
Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bhutan and the other covering Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bangladesh and Nepal. 
Each team is to be composed of one U.S. member and one South Asian member. The U.S. team members 
are to return for their final week to Delhi for meetings with contractors and debriefing with the Mission. 
SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation 59
Summary Table: Labor
Labor Category Level Illustrative LOE
Senior Program & Policy Analyst 1 – 55days
Evaluation Methods Specialist 1 – 55 days
Senior Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Analyst 1 -50 days
Senior Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Analyst 1 -50 days
60 SARI/Energy, Phase III: Final Evaluation
APPENDIX 8: BACKGROUND QUANTITATIVE DATA RELATING 
TO TRAINING
• TetraTech Training Appendix
• USEA Training Appendix
File: Copy of training appendix TT (2)
Worksheet: SUMMARY COST TABLE
Printed On: 3/9/2011 6:20 PM Page 1 of 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
A B C D E F G H I
Nr. Event Name (August 2007 through September 2010)
 Date
Days 
Trained 
(days)
City, Country Number 
Trained
Person-Days 
Trained
(count) Course
1 Skills Based Program on Protection Systems 29/11/10 - 10/12/10 12 Ooty, Tamilnadu; and Hoosar, Karnataka 16 192 Training Program
2 Small Merchant Bank Model Workshop 1 Colombo, Sri Lanka 54 54 Workshop
3 Supporting Wind Power Take-off in the SARI/Energy Region 22/09/10 - 24/09/10 3 Colombo, Sri Lanka 32 96 Workshop
4 Metering Systems and Management 15/09/10 - 12/10/10 24 Udaipur, India 15 360 Training Program
5 Ceylon Electricity Board, Siemens Advanced PSA Training 13/09/10 - 08/10/10 20 Schenectady, New York, USA 5 100 Training Program
6 Ceylon Electricity Board, GECE PSA Training 12 Colombo, Sri Lanka 15 180 Training Program
7 Capacity Building Program for Accountants Involved in Restructuring 23/08/10 - 31/08/10 8 Bengaluru, Hyderabad & New Delhi, India 15 120 Workshop / Exchange Program
8 Distribution Loss Reduction 23/07/10 - 07/08/10 12 Hyderabad, India 9 108 Training Program
9
Regulatory & Policy Framework for Market Development for Renewable 
Energy and Solar Energy Exchange Program 20/07/10 - 23/07/10 4 Chandigarh, India 11 44 Workshop / Exchange Program
10 ADB’s Wind Power Structured Consultation 21/06/10 - 25/06/10 5 Manila, Philippines 5 25 Workshop
11
Regulatory & Policy Framework for Market Development for Renewable 
Energy and Wind Energy Exchange Program 14/06/10 - 17/06/10 4 Chennai, India 10 40 Workshop / Exchange Program
12 Skill Based Development Program on Transformers 07/06/10 - 19/06/10 12 Ahmedabad, India 10 120 Training
13
International Conference on The Smart Grid Vision for India's Power 
Sector 01/06/10 - 02/06/10 2 New Delhi, India 7 14 Conference
14 Training Program on Metering Technologies and Systems 17/05/10 - 29/05/10 12 Udaipur, India 15 180 Training 
15 Light Fair 2010 09/05/10-20/05/10 5 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA 2 10 Fair and meetings
16 Regional Workshop on Micro Hydro Power Projects 20/04/10 - 23/04/10 4 Kathmandu, Nepal 16 64 Workshop
17 Capacity Development Program for the Afghan Women 22/3/10-31/3/10 9 Trivandrum and Bangalore, India 21 189 Training
18 Training of Trainers on Metering Technologies and Systems 08/03/10 - 27/03/10 18 Udaipur, India 15 270 Training
19 Regional Centre for Lighting 16/01/10 - 20/01/10 5 Bentota, Sri Lanka 15 75 Training
20 Advanced Coal Management Program 01/12/09 - 04/12/09 4 West Bengal, India 10 40 Workshop
21
Engineer's Training of Trainers - Operation & Maintenance of Sub￾station Equipment 23/11/09 - 19/12/09 24 Haryana, India 15 360 Training
22 India - Sri Lanka Wind Energy Exchange Program 03/11/09 - 06/11/09 4 Chennai, India 8 32 Workshop 
23 Power Markets in India 29/10/09 - 31/10/09 3 Mumbai, India 11 33 Workshop 
24 Specialization on Operation & Maintenance of Sub-station Equipment 05/10/09 - 10/10/09 6 Haryana, India 27 162 Workshop 
25 Micro Hydro Power Workshop 08/09/09 - 11/09/09 4 Kathmandu, Nepal 10 40 Workshop 
26 Short Term Specialization on Regulation and Commercialization 08/08/09 - 13/08/09 6 Kabul, Afghanistan 37 222 Training Program
27
6 Months Post Graduation Program in O&M on Transmission & 
Distribution 03/08/09 - 29/01/10 130 Bangalore, India 7 910 PG Course
28
Short Term Course on Coal Preparation by Central Institute of Mining & 
Fuel Research 27/07 - 02/08/2009 6 Jharkhand, India 12 72 Training Program
29
Nepal Electricity Authority - Workshop on Transmission Service 
Agreements 19/07/ - 20/07/2009 2 Kathmandu, Nepal 14 28 Training program
30 Indian Energy Exchange 12/07 - 18/07/2009 6 New Delhi, India 10 60 Training
31 Lighting Research Centre Training After Launch of RCEEEL 1 - 12/06/2009 10 Albany, USA 11 110 Training
32 RCEEL - Regional Centre for Energy Efficient Lighting 27 - 30/04/2009 3 Colombo, Sri Lanka 82 246 Workshop
33 MDRE, Market Development for Renewable Energy Program 15 - 16/01/2009 2 Kerala / India 9 18 Training Program
34 South Asian Women In Energy 17 - 19/11/2008 3 Dhaka, Bangladesh 69 207 Workshop
35 Regional Clean Coal Partnership 16/09 - 19/09/2008 4 Kolkata, India 28 112 Workshop
36 Indian Electricity Market Program 39682 1 Colombo, Sri Lanka 61 61 Training Programme
37 Electricity Market Development Program 18/08 - 20/08/2008 3 Bentota, Sri Lanka 28 84 Training Programme
38 Electricity Market Development Program 12/08 - 14/08/2008 3 Dhaka, Bangladesh 24 72 Training Programme
39 Electricity Market Development Program & Indian Electricity Market 05/08 - 08/08/2008 4 Kathmandu, Nepal 30 120 Training Programme
40 Market Development Renewable Energy (MDRE) Framework 23/07 - 24/07/2008 2 New Delhi / India 3 6 Training Programme
41 Women in Energy 21/4 - 25/4/2008 42 Trivandrum, Kerala / India 42 1764 workshop
42 Global Energy Market Trade Programme 25/02 - 29/02/2008 5 New Delhi / India 28 140 Training Programme
Afghan Mission Forum 09/12 - 13/12/2007 1 Bangalore, Mumbai / India 3 3 Field Visit and 1 Day Workshop
450 Total (All Activities 1 thru 5) 867 7143
SUMMARY COUNT TABLE
File: Copy of training appendix TT
Worksheet: SUMMARY COUNT TABLE
Printed On: 3/9/2011 6:44 PM Page 1 of 1
Nr. Event Name (August 2007 through September 2010) Month Starting
Days 
Trained 
(days) City, Country
Number 
Trained Male Female Afghanistan Bhutan Bangladesh Pakistan Sri Lanka Maldives Nepal India USA Canada Germany Thailand Total (Row)
% Trained 
Program wise
Number Trained = 
Total (Row)?
1 Skills Based Program on Protection Systems Nov-10 12 Ooty, Tamilnadu; and Hoosar, Karnataka 16 16 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 1.8% yes
2 Small Merchant Bank Model Workshop Oct-10 1 Colombo, Sri Lanka 54 43 11 0 0 0 0 54 0 0 0 0 0 54 6.2% yes
3 Supporting Wind Power Take-off in the SARI/Energy Region Sep-10 3 Colombo, Sri Lanka 32 31 1 2 2 2 4 15 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 32 3.7% yes
4 Metering Systems and Management Sep-10 24 Udaipur, India 15 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 1.7% yes
5 Ceylon Electricity Board, Siemens Advanced PSA Training Sep-10 20 Schenectady, New York, USA 5 3 2 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.6% yes
6 Ceylon Electricity Board, GECE PSA Training Aug-10 12 Colombo, Sri Lanka 15 10 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 1.7% yes
7 Capacity Building Program for Accountants Involved in Restructuring Aug-10 8 Bengaluru, Hyderabad & New Delhi, India 15 7 8 0 0 0 0 11 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 15 1.7% yes
8 Distribution Loss Reduction Jul-10 12 Hyderabad, India 9 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 1.0% yes
9
g y y 
Energy and Solar Energy Exchange Program Jul-10 4 Chandigarh, India 11 9 2 2 2 2 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 11 1.3% yes
10 ADB’s Wind Power Structured Consultation Jun-10 5 Manila, Philippines 5 5 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.6% yes
11
Regulatory & Policy Framework for Market Development for Renewable 
Energy and Wind Energy Exchange Program Jun-10 4 Chennai, India 10 10 0 2 2 1 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 10 1.2% yes
12 Skill Based Development Program on Transformers Jun-10 12 Ahmedabad, India 10 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1.2% yes
13
International Conference on The Smart Grid Vision for India's Power 
Sector Jun-10 2 New Delhi, India 7 7 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 0.8% yes
14 Training Program on Metering Technologies and Systems May-10 12 Udaipur, India 15 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 1.7% yes
15 Light Fair 2010 May-10 5 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.2% yes
16 Regional Workshop on Micro Hydro Power Projects Apr-10 4 Kathmandu, Nepal 16 14 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 16 1.8% yes
17 Capacity Development Program for the Afghan Women Mar-10 9 Trivandrum and Bangalore, India 21 0 21 19 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 21 2.4% yes
18 Training of Trainers on Metering Technologies and Systems Mar-10 18 Udaipur, India 15 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 1.7% yes
19 Regional Centre for Lighting Jan-10 5 Bentota, Sri Lanka 15 11 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 15 1.7% yes
20 Advanced Coal Management Program Dec-09 4 West Bengal, India 10 10 0 4 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1.2% yes
21
Engineer's Training of Trainers - Operation & Maintenance of Sub￾station Equipment Nov-09 24 Haryana, India 15 14 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 1.7% yes
22 India - Sri Lanka Wind Energy Exchange Program Nov-09 4 Chennai, India 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0.9% yes
23 Power Markets in India Oct-09 3 Mumbai, India 11 11 0 0 0 4 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 11 1.3% yes
24 Specialization on Operation & Maintenance of Sub-station Equipment Oct-10 6 Haryana, India 27 27 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 3.1% yes
25 Micro Hydro Power Workshop Sep-09 4 Kathmandu, Nepal 10 7 3 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1.2% yes
26 Short Term Specialization on Regulation and Commercialization Aug-09 6 Kabul, Afghanistan 37 37 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 37 4.3% yes
27
6 Months Post Graduation Program in O&M on Transmission & 
Distribution Aug-09 130 Bangalore, India 7 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0.8% yes
28
Short Term Course on Coal Preparation by Central Institute of Mining & 
Fuel Research Jul-09 6 Jharkhand, India 12 12 0 3 0 4 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 12 1.4% yes
29
Nepal Electricity Authority - Workshop on Transmission Service 
Agreements Jul-09 2 Kathmandu, Nepal 14 12 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 14 1.6% yes
30 Indian Energy Exchange Jul-09 6 New Delhi, India 10 10 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1.2% yes
31 Lighting Research Centre Training After Launch of RCEEEL Jun-09 10 Albany, USA 11 11 0 0 0 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1.3% yes
32 RCEEL - Regional Centre for Energy Efficient Lighting Apr-09 3 Colombo, Sri Lanka 82 61 21 2 1 2 2 66 2 3 3 0 1 0 0 82 9.5% yes
33 MDRE, Market Development for Renewable Energy Program Jan-09 2 Kerala / India 9 7 2 0 2 0 0 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 9 1.0% yes
34 South Asian Women In Energy Nov-08 3 Dhaka, Bangladesh 69 20 49 4 2 46 3 2 1 4 4 1 0 1 1 69 8.0% yes
35 Regional Clean Coal Partnership Sep-08 4 Kolkata, India 28 28 0 4 0 5 0 5 0 0 11 3 0 0 0 28 3.2% yes
36 Indian Electricity Market Program Aug-08 1 Colombo, Sri Lanka 61 55 6 0 0 0 0 59 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 7.0% yes
37 Electricity Market Development Program Aug-08 3 Bentota, Sri Lanka 28 26 2 0 0 0 0 25 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 3.2% yes
38 Electricity Market Development Program Aug-08 3 Dhaka, Bangladesh 24 24 0 0 0 23 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 2.8% yes
39 Electricity Market Development Program & Indian Electricity Market Aug-08 4 Kathmandu, Nepal 30 28 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 24 3 1 0 0 0 30 3.5% yes
40 Market Development Renewable Energy (MDRE) Framework Jul-08 2 New Delhi / India 3 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.3% yes
41 Women in Energy Apr-08 42 Trivandrum, Kerala / India 42 4 38 5 2 4 3 2 2 4 19 1 0 0 0 42 4.8% yes
42 Global Energy Market Trade Programme Feb-08 5 New Delhi / India 28 25 3 2 0 4 3 5 4 3 7 0 0 0 0 28 3.2% yes
Notes: Afghan Mission Forum Dec-07 1 Bangalore, Mumbai / India 3 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.3% yes
438 Checks 867 679 188 246 21 119 22 289 30 77 54 6 1 1 1 867 100.0%
Date Name of Event Location Recipient Countries Males Females Total
Participants
Days 
(length of 
activity)
1 12/1/2004
Cross-Border Electricity Transmission & 
Protection Thimpu, Bhutan
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Sri Lanka 20 1 21 3
2 1/17/2005 Distribution Utility Best Practices Hyderabad, India
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Sri Lanka 19 0 19 3
3 3/21/2005 South Asia Energy Media Colombo, Sri Lanka
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 
Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka 25 7 32 5
4 4/18/2005 Electricity Regulation Washington, DC & Columbus, OH
Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, 
Sri Lanka 12 0 12 5
5 6/13/2005
Cross-Border Electricity Transmission & 
Protection New Delhi & Mumbai, India
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 16 2 18 4
6 6/27/2005 Electricity Regulation Delhi, India
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Sri Lanka 15 0 15 4
7 7/26/2005 South Asia Energy Media Dhaka, Bangladesh
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 
Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, 
Sri Lanka 35 10 45 3
8 8/1/2005 Distribution Utility Best Practices Bangkok, Thailand
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri 
Lanka 40 15 55 3
9 9/19/2005 South Asia Energy Parliamentarians Washington, DC India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 4 1 5 5
10 11/16/2005 South Asia Energy Media Delhi, India
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri 
Lanka 16 3 19 3
11 12/4/2005 Electricity Regulation Dhaka, Bangladesh
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 21 3 24 2
12 12/14/2005
Cross-Border Electricity Transmission & 
Protection Kathmandu, Nepal
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan 26 2 28 3
13 3/21/2006 Energy Markets Delhi, India
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, 
Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka 17 0 17 2
14 3/25/2006 Energy Markets Lahore, Pakistan Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka 5 0 5 2
15 6/26/2006 Energy Markets Johannesburg, South Africa
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 14 1 15 5
16 7/31/2006 Energy Markets Sacramento, CA & Portland, OR India, Nepal, Sri Lanka 9 0 9 5
17 8/14/2006 South Asia Energy Parliamentarians Washington, DC Afghanistan, Pakistan 3 1 4 3
18 11/6/2006 Energy Markets Toronto & Calgary, Canada
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, 
Pakistan, Sri Lanka 15 0 15 5
19 2/26/2007
Energy Markets & Submarine 
Interconnection UK & France Sri Lanka 6 1 7 5
20 3/20/2007 Energy Markets New Delhi, India
Afghanistan Bangladesh, 
Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, 
Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Sri 
Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand 14 0 14 2
21 5/14/2007 South Asia Energy Parliamentarians Washington, DC Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 4 0 4 5
22 5/28/2007 Energy Markets Leipzig & Cologne, Germany
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 13 0 13 5
23 7/16/2007 Energy Markets New Delhi, India
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Sri Lanka 14 2 16 5
24 10/29/2007 Energy Markets Bhutan
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 
Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, 
Sri Lanka 20 2 22 6
25 4/21/2008 Renewable Energy California, Colorado, DC
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 
Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, 
Pakistan, Sri Lanka 12 0 12 10
26 5/5/2008 Energy Markets Australia Sri Lanka 4 1 5 5
27 8/5/2008 Energy Markets Kathmandu, Nepal Bhutan, India, Nepal 3 0 3 1
28 8/22/2008 Energy Markets Colombo, Sri Lanka
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri 
Lanka 3 0 3 1
29 9/22/2008 Energy Markets Brussels, Belgium
Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri 
Lanka 8 0 8 5
30 1/12/2009 Distribution Utility Best Practices Columbus, OH Pakistan 2 0 2 12
31 3/30/2009
Cross-Border Electricity Transmission & 
Protection Kathmandu, Nepal
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 
Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, 
Sri Lanka 19 0 19 4
32 5/12/2009
Women in Energy - Renewable Energy & 
Energy Efficiency Washington, DC
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri 
Lanka 1 11 12 9
33 6/9/2009 Renewable Energy Dhaka, Bangladesh
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 
Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan 34 4 38 3
34 6/15/2009 Renewable Energy Colombo, Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 10 3 13 2
35 9/21/2009 Electricity Regulation Albany, NY & Washington, DC
Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri 
Lanka 8 0 8 5
36 10/19/2009 Renewable Energy Madrid, Spain
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 12 0 12 5
37 2/15/2010
Cross-Border Electricity Transmission & 
Protection Botswana & South Africa
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 15 0 15 5
38 5/10/2010 Clean Coal & CCS Pittsburgh, PA & New Haven, WV Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 3 1 4 5
39 7/11/2010 Smart Grid Colorado & Utah Bhutan, India, Nepal 7 0 7 7
40 8/7/2010 Energy Efficiency Sacramento & San Francisco, CA Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka 4 0 4 8
41 8/23/2010 Renewable Energy Manila, Philippines
Bangladesh, India, Maldives, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 14 0 14 5
42 9/12/2010
Women in Energy - Renewable Energy & 
Energy Efficiency Montreal, Canada Bangladesh, India, Nepal 0 3 3 5
43 10/25/2010
Women in Energy - Renewable Energy & 
Energy Efficiency Islambad, Pakistan
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 5 7 12 5
44 11/30/2010 Smart Grid Saigon, Vietnam
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 12 0 12 3
45 12/6/2010 Renewable Energy Kandy, Sri Lanka
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, 
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri 
Lanka 12 1 13 4
45 Events 571 82 653 202
% of Total 87.44% 12.56%
% of Total Cost Per Trainee Day:
SOUTH ASIA REGIONAL PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM OF U.S. ENERGY ASSOCIATION
COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. 386-A-00-04-00195-00 - USEA, OCTOBER 2004 - DECEMBER 2010
Total
Cost Per Trainee: