Water Eíñciency and Public lnformation for Action -,gag - &+U1 osLU31 t& Monitoring and Evaluation of Community Grants Programs Final Report Submitted to Academy for Educational Development Prepared by Interdisciplinary Research Consultants (IdRC) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Academy for Educational Development wishes to thank the following individuals associated with the community grant program. It should be noted that none of these achievements could have occurred without the support and participation of t\\o Ministries-- the Ministry of Plan, under the direction of His Excellency. the Xlinister of Plan, Dr. Bassem Awadallah, and the Minister of Water and Irrigation. Dr. Hazem al￾Naser. Both these individuals and agencies played an important role in supporting and subsidizing the community grants programs. It is their concem for the mral por that has substantially motivated the programs behind these efforts. USAID funded the iVEPI.4 grant program and their similar concem for supporting those disadvantaged por in the Kingdom needs to be acknowledged. In particular thanks go to the supprt of hls. Sena Tutundjian, Technical Officer at USAID. Within the Ministry of Plan thanks go to Her Excellency, Secretary General Hala Latouf and the EPP team of Mr. Motaz Qotob and Eng. Ruby Assad. both of \vhom supponed the project by facilitating and smoothing the road so implementation could take place within the accelerated time frame alloned. Thanks go to H.E. Sa'ad Bakri. Secretaq General of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and Ms. Rania Abd Al Khaleq of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Water Demand Managernent Unit AED's thanks go to our partner and colleagues from the Farmer's Association. Jordan Valley Branch. foremost among whom was Eng. Suleiman Ghaza\\i. Chairman of the Board, who facilitated and welcomed many innovations introduced to his organization by the Academy for Educational Development. recognizing that, in the end. it nould make his organization a more efficient and responsive one. Our thanks also go to Eng. Samir Shoha, general manager of the Jordan Valley Branch of the Farmer's Association. Finally thanks go to AED's tearn leader, Mr. Abdus Salam Kamal. whose perseverance. indomitable spirit and integrity has made him a byword for respect in ~ral to\\ns and communities across Jordan. His own team from AED includes Eng. Shadi Bushnaq \vho also worked with commitment and energy to visit every town and village in the prqect area that had submined a proposal under this grant. It \vas. in the end. the determination of these hvo that made it possible to accomplish so much. with so linle in such a shon time. To al1 ofthe above, the Academy gives its grateful thanks. This document is a tribute to their hard work and spirit of service. Mona Grieser Country Coordinator Acaderny for Educational Development EVALUATION OF AN AEDMlEPlA GRANT PROGRAM MADE TO POOR COMMUNlTlES IN THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN TO IMPROVE THElR FlNANClAL SITUATION WHlLE REDUCING THElR WATER CONSUMPTION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan faces a chronic imbalance in the population￾water resources equation. In 1990 the population was nearly four million and the nationwide demand on water was approximately 1,000 million cubic meters. In 2001 the population was estimated at nearly five million with water demand exceeding 1,250 million cubic meters; representing an increase of nearly 25% in both population and demand for water. The available water supply, however. only increased by about 12% (from 850 million cubic meters to 950 million cubic meters) in the same period. The increase in water supply came through greater use of groundwater aquifers, sometimes to levels beyond the safe yield, wastewater reuse, and additional rights to water from the Jordan River System, which the country gained after signing a peace treaty with Israel in 1994. However. the water deficit is expected to continue rising and will likely reach 400 million cubic meters in the year 2020. ~- ~ The inadeauate su~olies . . of water and other natural resources have . oarth, ~, been contributing factors to causing debt, poverty, and unemployment to become fundamental problems in Jordan. Nearly 2% of the population eams less than $1 per day, and another 7.4 % earns less than-$2 per day.'th;s, placing approximately 30% of the population in below-the-poverty line living conditions. Since the early 1990s, poverty has risen continuously amongst Jordan's population. With nearly one third of the entire population living below the poverty threshold. access to municipal and other vitally important services is unevenly distributed across the regions, and rural areas in the south and northeast of the country are under-served. These shortfalls in service delivery have reduced income opportunities, and low income in turn has decreased people's ability to pay for services. In an effort to combat poverty in the Kingdom, the Government of Jordan (Gal) launched several programs through the Ministry of Planning (MoP). Of those. the Enhanced Productivity Program (EPP) is the most comprehensive -program addressing a variety of sectors. The EPP is a government-funded development project based on the premise that the government has a role to play in facilitating the ability of al1 Jordanians to improve their lives. To that end, the EPP creates opportunities for rural communities to be a part of income-producing and self￾sustaining industries. In addition, and unlike previous govemment initiatives. the EPP focuses on an integrated approach to rural development where one EPP project leads directly to and supports other EPP projects. The end result is individuals and communities generating income and employment in their towns and villages, with the government playing the role of the enabler and supporter. The EPP has five interrelated components al1 of which are intended to increase the productivity of individuals and their communities and promote rural development. These components are The Rural Community Cluster Development Program. The Enhanced Productivity Centers Program, The Community lnfrastructure Program (CIP), Training, and Small Grants. The (CIP) component of the EPP aims at enhancing productivity and rural development through infrastructure projects that support enterprise developrnent in tourisrn, agribusiness, municipal, and governorates' development. The CIP provides finance for projects in the agribusiness and tourisrn sectors. and in support of municipal and governorates developrnent, or village cluster projects that rnay lack funding. It also offers grants to municipalities. local councils and NGOs to support incorne-generating projects in least developed cornmunities. The CIP is irnplernented along two parallel tracks; fast track for already identified projects, and pilot track for long-terrn econornic projects that increase ernployrnent and incorne. The main objectives of the CIP are to: Enhance individual, comrnunity and regional productivity through infrastructure developrnent Develop infrastructure in support of individual. village and regional enterprise developrnent and incorne generating projects. Encourage large-scale infrastructure projects in tourisrn and agriculture Tackle the rnost pressing infrastructure developrnent pnorities of the rnunicipalities and governorates = Create ernployrnent opportunities Support infrastructure developrnent for village clusters Create an environrnent in the governorates that is favorable to private sector investrnent One of the rnain cornponents under the CIP is Agribusiness. With Jordan's rural econorny ernploying a sizeable segrnent of the labor force, there are yet challenges in the local practices in the way water is used. the crops that are grown. and the rnarkets chosen that reduce the impact of agriculture on Jordan's people. The EPPlClP agribusiness cornponent seeks to enhance the infrastructure supporting agriculture, irnprove the living standards of farrners and increase their participation in investrnent and developrnent. The EPPICIP's approach to agribusiness is truly rnulti-faceted. This cornponent ernploys Fast Track and Pilot Programs to create both irnrnediate and long-term irnpacts. The disciplines that agribusiness addresses include water use, marketing, extension se~ices. consewation of rnedical and herbal plants, association building and alternative crop developrnent to expand yield and to expand the choices available to Jordan's farmers. This report presents the results of an evaluation conducted for srnall projects that were funded by the MoP's CIP prograrn. which was implernented by the collaboration between the Acaderny of Educational Development and the Farrner's Association Jordan Valley District Branch (FAJVDB), and other projects irnplernented by the AED's WEPlA Cornrnunity Grants Prograrn. As part of the EPPlClP efforts in agribusiness, the Acaderny for Education Developrnent and the Farmers Association Jordan Valley District Branch applied for funding to irnplernent a project under the narne of "Water-related Small lnfrastructure Development to Promote Productivity in Rural Areas". The rnain objectives of the proposed project were to increase the total income of farrning and other farnilies living in low-incorne areas of Jordan through structural irnprovernents to existing water networks and construction of new structures. The project also airned at reducing farrner investrnent costs that would result in increases in family disposable incorne. The geographic area included in both projects (¡.e.. the MoP and the WEPlA Community Grants Prograrn) included the eight poorest governorates in Jordan; Tafila, Madaba, Al Balqa, Maan, Mafraq. Karak, Ajloun and Irbid, in addition to Arnrnan and Aqaba. To achieve the objectives of the project, the mernbers of the collaboration assumed different, yet complernentary roles. Considering the vast experience of the AED in rural econornic development and capacity building. it was one of the AED's objectives to build the capacity of the FAJVDB and better equip them to rnanage and implement such sizeable grants. Following the refurbishment of the project headquarters in the Jordan Valley. the AED proceeded with al1 capacity building activities of the FAJVDB project team members. The AED trained FAJVDB employees on basic office and management skills as well as the technical skills of managing a grant program. The areas of training included computer training. cornputerized accounting training for financia1 staff, computerized inventory, warehouses and procurement systems, management of monitoring systems for grants. Experienced AED personnel conducted hands-on training according to international practices and procedures. In addition. some formal cornputer training was offered to some FAJVDB employees. A committee was established to guide the FAJVDB identify potential grantees. Jointly, the collaboration established criteria for grantees selection. which included governorate poverty level. community size and circumstances, history of CBO, project eligibility and relation to water, project compliance with MOP goals. water availability in the community, number of potential beneficiaries, cost sharing. project total cost, and gender To launch the project, members of the collaboration arranged a number of official visits to representatives of the eight Governorates. The key person met during those visits was the Governor. The collaboration's representatives gave the govemon a description of the project, its objectives, beneficiaries. eligible grantees. and the rninimum requirements for qualification. The collaboration representatives then expressed their interest to invite local CBOs to a meeting under the govemors' patronage to introduce the project to them as a first step in soliciting applications. The governors in turn. and through the governorates developrnent units, prepared lists of local CBOs and invited them to meetings held under their patronage and with the participation of representatives from the FAJVDB, the AED. and the Ministry of Planning, in addition to other governmental representatives. A total of eight Governorate meetings were held in the target govemorates and attended by CBOs invited by the governor. Based on the received CBO level of interest, the collaboration hosted several training workshops to train the CBO representatives on how to identify project ideas, how to draft a technical proposal, how to justify the need for the project, and how to quantify the anticipated benefits of the project through the conduct of a preliminary feasibility analysis. As the grant applications were received, an interdisciplinary committee of technical experts and representative of other funding institutions, according to the pre-set criteria, reviewed thern. Following a first tier selection of applications. field visits were conducted to al1 the communities that submitted proposals. The purpose of those field visits was to ascertain and verify the information included in the proposals submitted by the CBOs. In total, 104 proposals were submitted, of which al1 were visited. As a result of an evaluation, a total of 68 grants were awarded through the MoP program and 27 grants through the WEPlA Community grants program. The final grantees were then supervised and assisted by the project tearn on how to proceed. The project team helped the grantees select a bidder and provided supervisory work on the irnplementation of the projects (e.g. wnstniction supervision). In addition to the activities outlined above, the project tearn assisted the CBOs in preparing progress reports, rnonitoring and random visits, supervision of projects, project hand over, preparing project snag lists, overseeing project exit strategies, and final reporting. The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of implemented projects was deerned important to verify whether the implemented project rnet their objectives. Due to time constraints, the study tearn looked at al1 the awarded grants and selected a sample for inclusion into the M&E system. Although it was desired to select the sarnple on a completely random basis; it was deemed more appropriate to stratify the selection process. In total, 17 projects out of 68 the MoP grants (25%). and 12 out of WEPIA's 27 grants were selected. Generally, the following data were collected Pre-Project incomeslexpenditures of the monitored cases. Post-Project income/expenditures (or projected according to valid indicatos) Social change occurring on the direct beneficiaries level of comrnunity level (mobility, marketing, attitude, decision rnaking) lmprovements in life quality (hygiene, saved time. saved effort) and quantifying such improvernents In addition to the data collected in the field surveys and interviews, the study team assessed the attitudes and opinions of the local community(ies) towards the grants, its implementation, management, benefits, shortcomings and recomrnendations. This was achieved through the conduct of mini-survey questionnaire that targeted the community. The field assessments revealed that the great majority of the projects were economically sound and feasible. Although some had a stronger irnpact in tens of benefits, the great rnajority of the projects were also recoverable. The projects that were found infeasible, or had a very weak economic feasibility were not so due to the failure of the project. The reason was mostly the insufficiency of the grants. which often led to the scope of the project to be reduced (e.g.. some of the water main projects in the south). This had an impact on the benefits and affected the projects feasibility. From a holistic perspective, the monitored projects were successful and had the following properties: + Projects were mostly community based rather than individually based. Even some of the individual projects eventually reflected on a wider base through revolving grants. + The projects decreased water related expenditures through increasing water availability, thus minimizing the need for acquiring or purchasing water by beneficiaries. t The projects increased the incomes of beneficiaries through increasing the eíficiency of water delivery, thus, improving farrn yields. The increase of water availability also increased incomes through providing the beneficiaries with the ability to irrigate areas that were other wise less irrigable. t The projects with a wide beneficiary base promoted the principies of shanng water and irnportance of jointly preserving this valuable resource. t The majority of the projects are economically sound and feasible and can be easily expanded to a wider base and duplicated in other areas of Jordan. As mentioned before, structured interviews were held with beneficiaries, some of their family members, and CBO administrators. The purpose of such interviews was to gather information regarding the attitudes towards the community grants program and an attempt to capture benefits from the beneficiaries perspective. The results of those surveys revealed the following: t All respondents were supportive of the principle of cornmunity grants, with nearly 50% supportive of the principle of revolving the grants. t The average nurnber of direct beneficiaries per grant is 54, t The average number of indirect beneficiaries per grant is 350 mhe average proportion of water conservation per grant is 45%. t The average increase in income per grant is 27%. t The majority of the difficulties were faced during construction. t All beneficiaries and CBOs indicated that the size of the grant was not adequate to complete the project in the desired scope according to their hopes and expectations. t Nearly 25% of the respondents indicated that the training workshops needed to focus more on the conduct of feasibility studies for proposed projects. t The following were identified as needed future projects o Reservoirs and wells construction 37% of respondents, o Channels and pipes lining 21% of respondents, O Retaining walls construction 10% of respondents, O Green house 26% of respondents, O Others 6% of respondents, The economic soundness and feasibility of most of the projects assessed under this study is a clear indication that the program had significant positive socioeconomic impacts on the beneficiary communities. Generally speaking, the program was very successful in meeting its preset objectives. In total, 68 grants were awarded to CBOs in the eight target governorates through the FAJVDBIAED program, and 27 grants were awarded through the WEPlA community grants program in 10 governorates. This by far exceeded the original nurnber of grants intended. Also. the majority of the grants were cost shared by the CBOs. which is indicative of the ability of Jordanian CBOs to implernent projects if co-financed by donor agencies. Another interesting issue is that a good proporiion of the grants were awarded as revolving grants, which is indicative of the CBOs approach to rnaxirnizing the benefits of grants obtained from various entities. Another achievernent of the project is the training that was conducted for over 200 CBOs in proposal preparation, financia1 management, and project supervision. Such training is believed to be an asset for such CBOs in tems of pursuing future grants and participating in future similar programs. The number of farnilies benefiting from the program exceeded preset goal of 2000 families. The assessments clearly indicated that the projects increased the incomes of the beneficiaries. Unforiunately, the majoriiy of the beneficiaries met during the assessments were hesitant to reveal figures on their incomes. However, reductions in expenditures were evident and significant as will be seen in the detailed assessments in the following sections. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 7 1 . 1 OVERVIEW AND PROBLEM STATEMENT ................................................ 7 1.2 ONGOING GOVERNMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAMS ........................... 8 1.2.1 Cornmunity lnfrastructure Prograrn .............................................................. 8 1.3 PROJECT DESCRlPTlON ......................................................................... 10 1.4 PROGRAMS' OWNERS, FINANCERS, AND IMPLEMENTERS .............. 11 1.4.1 Jordan Ministry of Planning (MoP) ................................................................... 11 1.4.2 Jordan Ministry of Water and lrrigation (MoWI) ........................................ 12 1.4.3 The Acaderny for Educational Development (AED) ................................ 12 1.4.2 The Fam~ers' Association Jordan Valley District Branch (FAJVDB) ..... 13 1.5 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................... 14 1.6 OUTLINE OF OTHER CHAPTERS ............................................................ 15 Chapter 2: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 16 2.1 PRE-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY ........................... 16 Establishment of a Project ofíice in the Jordan Valley ............................ 17 . . Capacity Buildmg ........................................................................................... 17 Criteria Development Of Grantees Selection ........................................... 18 Project Marketing ......................................................................................... 18 Governorate Meetings ............................................................................. 19 Proposal Writing Workshops ....................................................................... 19 Application Evaluation and Grantee Selection ......................................... 20 Grant Managernent and Project Supervisio 21 ... Additional Act~vities ....................................................................................... 27 2.2 POST-PROJECT MONlTORlNG AND EVALUATION .............................. 27 2.2.1 Desk Study and Sarnple Selection ............................................................. 27 2.2.2 Sarnple Selection .......................................................................................... 28 2.2.3 Field Assessrnents ........................................................................................ 28 2.2.3 Suweys ........................................................................................................... 29 2.2.4 Data Analysis and Docurnentation ............................................................. 29 Chapter 3: RESULTS .............................................................................................. 31 3.1 AEDIFAJVDB PROJECTS ........................................................................ 31 3.1.1 Well Drilling and Water Hawesting in Jdaydeh Charitable Society (Karak) 32 3.1.1.1 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 33 3.1.1.2 Conclusions and Recornrnendations 34 3.1.2.1 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 36 3.2.2.2 Conclusions and Recornrnendations 37 3.1.3 Well Drilling and Water Hawesting in Zahra Charitable Society (Karak) 37 3.1.3.7 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 39 3.1.3.2 Conclusions and Recornrnendations ................................................. 39 3.1.4 Resewoir Construction By Farmers Association (Ajloun) .............. 40 3.1.4.1 Conclusions and Recornrnendations .. ......... 41 3.1.5 Resewoir, lrrigation Network and Medicinal Plants By ~atima Al Zahraa (Ajloun) 42 3.1.6 Drip lrrigation Network By Al Etihad Charitable Society (Irbid) ..... 43 3.1.6.1 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 43 3.1.6.2 Conclusions and Recornrnendations ................................................. 44 3.1.7 Canal Maintenance and Storage Resewoir By Kufr Sum Society (Irbid) 46 3.l.7.l Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 46 3.1.7.2 Conclusions and Recomrnendations 47 3.1.8 Roman Reservoir Rehabilitation By Tubneh Society (Irbid) ........... 48 3.1.8.1 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 49 3.1.8.2 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................. 50 3.1.9 Spring Rehabilitation By Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf Society (Madaba) 50 3.1.10 Reservoir Construction By Al Aqsa Society (Madaba) ..................... 51 3.1.11 Reservoir Construction By Badia Developrnent Society (Mafrak).SZ -. 3.1.1 1.1 Economic Analysis ................................................................................ >I 3.1.1 1.2 Conclusions and Recomrnendations ................................................. 54 3.1.12 Water Gathering Pool By East Mafrak Society (Mafrak) ................... 54 - - 3.1.12.1 Economic Analysis ................................................................................ x 3.1.12.2 Conclusions and Recomrnendations ................................................. 56 3.1.13 Reservoir and Canal Maintenance by Ayl Cooperative Society (Maan) 56 -- 3.1.1 3.1 Economic Analysis ................................................................................ I 3.1.1 3.2 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................. 58 3.1.14 Canal Lining by Mghariyah Society (Maan) ......................................... 59 3.1 .14.1 Economic Analysis ................................................................................ 60 3.1 .14.2 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................. 61 3.1.15 Water Main by Karameh Society (Tafeelah) ........................................ 61 3.1.16 Canal Lining by Dhana Society (Tafeelah) ........................................... 67 ? 3.1.16.1 Economic Analysis ................................................................................ 6~ 3.1.1 6.2 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................. 63 3.1.17 Water Eíficiency Projects by Rural Women Cooperative Society (Balqa) 64 3.1.17.1 Economic Analysis. 61 3.1 .17.2 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................. 66 3.2 WEPlA PROJECTS ................................................................................... 66 3.2.1 Rainwater Hawesting Projects by Jabal Akhdar Society (Ajloun) 66 3.2.1.1 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 67 3.2.1.2 Conclusions and Recomrnendations ................................................. 68 3.2.2 Rainwater Hawesting Projects by Al Hilal Society (Ajloun) ............ 68 3.2.2.1 Economic Analysis ................................................................................ 69 3.2.2.2 Conclusions and Recornmendations 70 3.2.3 Therapeutic Pool by Al-Hussein Society (Arnrnan) ........................... 70 3.2.3.1 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 71 3.2.3.2 Conclusions and Recornmendations ................................................. 72 3.2.4 Drip lrrigation and Water Hawesting by Producüve Wornen Society (Arnrnan) ......................................................................................................... 72 3.2.5 Water Efficiency Awareness by Cultural Society for Youth and Childhood (Arnrnan) ................................................................................................... 74 3.2.6 Resewoir Construction and Pipe Network by Bseira Society (Tafeelah) ............................. o.......... ........ ..... ... .... .............. 3.2.6.1 Economic Analysis ................................................................................ 75 3.2.6.2 Conclusions and Recomrnendations ................................................. 76 3.2.7 Well Drilling and Water Ha~esting in Zahra Charitable Society (Karak) 76 3.2.7.1 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 77 3.2.7.2 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................. 77 3.2.8 Water Hawesting in Srnakiyah Charitable Society (Karak) ............. 78 3.2.8.1 Econornic Analysis 79 3.2.8.2 Conclusions and Recornmendations 80 3.2.9 Rese~oir Construction in Eyinah Charitable Society (Karak) ....... 81 3.2.9.1 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 87 3.2.9.2 Conclusions and Recornrnendations ................................................. 83 3.2.9 Water Efficiency Projects by Rural Women Cooperative Society (Balqa) 83 3.2.9.1 Econornic Analysis ................................................................................ 85 3.2.9.2 Conclusions and Recornrnendations ................................................. 85 3.3 GENERAL REMARKS AND FEEDBACK ON THE PROJECTS ............... 86 3.4 SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS .................................................................. 87 Chapter 4:CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................... 90 A PPENDIX ............................................................................................................... 92 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW AND PROBLEM STATEMENT The Hashernite Kingdorn of Jordan faces a chronic irnbalance in the population￾water resources equation. In 1990 the population was nearly four rnillion and the nationwide dernand on water was approximately 1.000 rnillion cubic rneters. In 2001 the population was estirnated at nearly five rnillion with water dernand exceeding 1,250 rnillion cubic rneters; representing an increase of nearly 25% in both population and dernand for water. The available water supply, however, only increased by about 12% (frorn 850 rnillion cubic rneters to 950 rnillion cubic rneters) in the sarne period. The increase in water supply carne through greater use of groundwater aquifers, sornetirnes to levels beyond the safe yield, wastewater reuse, and additional rights to water frorn the Jordan River Systern, which the country gained after signing a peace treaty with Israel in 1994. However, the water deficit is expected to continue rising and will likely reach 400 rnillion cubic rneters in the year 2020. Furtherrnore, the daily per capita share of water in Jordan is considered to be one of the lowest in cornparison with both world and neighboring country averages. By the year 2025, available annual water sources per capita in Jordan are estirnated at 91 cubic rneters, cornpared to 645 cubic rneters, 311 cubic rneters. and 161 cubic rneters in Egypt, Israel, and Syria, respectively. The inadequate supplies of water and other natural resources have partly been contributing factors to causing debt. poverty, and unernployrnent to . becorne fundamental problerns in Jordan. Nearly 2% of the population eams less than S1 per day, and another 7.4 % earns less than $2 per day, thus. placing approxirnately 30% of the population in below-the-poverty line living conditions. Since the eariy 1990s. poverty has risen continuously amongst Jordan's population. With nearly one third of the entire population living below the poverty threshold. access to municipal and other vitally important services is unevenly distributed across the regions. and rural areas in the south and northeast of the country are under-served. These shortfalls in service delivery have reduced incorne opportunities, and low incorne in turn has decreased people's ability to pay for services. 1.2 ONGOING GOVERNMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAMS In an effort to combat poverty in the Kingdorn, the Government of Jordan (GoJ) launched several programs through the Ministry of Planning (MoP). Of those. the Enhanced Productivity Program (EPP) is the most comprehensive program addressing a variety of sectors. The EPP is a government-funded development project based on the premise that the government has a role to play in facilitating the ability of al1 Jordanians to improve their lives. To that end, the EPP creates opportunities for rural communities to be a part of income-producing and self￾sustaining industries. In addition, and unlike previous government initiatives. the EPP focuses on an integrated approach to rural development where one EPP project leads directly to and supports other EPP projects. The end result is individuals and comrnunities generating income and ernployrnent in their towns and villages, with the government playing the role of the enabler and supporter. The EPP has five interrelated components al1 of which are intended to increase the productivity of individuals and their cornrnunities and promote rural development. These components are: 1. The Rural Cornmunity Cluster Development Program 2. The Enhanced Productivity Centers Program 3. The Community lnfrastructure Program (CIP) 4. Training 5. Small Grants 1.2.1 Comrnunity lnfrastructure Prograrn The (CIP) component of the EPP aims at enhancing productivity and wral development through infrastructure projects that support enterprise developrnent in tourism, agribusiness, municipal, and governorates' development. The CIP provides finance for projects in the agribusiness and tourism sectors. and in support of municipal and governorates development, or village cluster projects that rnay lack funding. It also offers grants to municipalities. local councils and NGOs to support income-generating projects in least developed communities. The CIP is implemented along two parallel tracks; fast track for already identified projects, and pilot track for long-term econornic projects that increase ernployrnent and incorne. The rnain objectives of the CIP are to: Enhance individual, cornrnunity and regional productivity through infrastructure developrnent Develop infrastructure in support of individual, village and regional enterprise developrnent and incorne generating projects. Encourage large-scale infrastructure projects in tourisrn and agriculture Tackle the rnost pressing infrastructure developrnent priorities of the rnunicipalities and governorates Create ernployrnent opportunities Support infrastructure developrnent for village clusters Create an environrnent in the governorates that is favorable to private sector investrnent As rnentioned before, one of the rnain cornponents under the CIP is Agnbusiness. With Jordan's rural econorny ernploying a sizeable segrnent of the labor force. there are yet challenges in the local practices in the way water is used, the crops that are grown. and the rnarkets chosen that reduce the impact of agriculture on Jordan's people. The EPPlClP agribusiness cornponent seeks to enhance the infrastructure supporting agriculture, irnprove the living standards of farrners and increase their participation in investrnent and developrnent. The EPPICIP's approach to agribusiness is truly rnulti-faceted. This cornponent ernploys Fast Track and Pilot Prograrns to create both irnrnediate and long-term irnpacts. The disciplines that agribusiness addresses include water use, marketing, extension se~ices. conservation of rnedical and herbal plants, association building and alternative crop developrnent to expand yield and to expand the choices available to Jordan's farrners. The docurnent at hand presents the results of an evaluation conducted for two types of srnall projects; projects that were funded by the MoP's CIP prograrn. which was irnplernented by the collaboration between the Acaderny of Educational Developrnent and the Farrner's Association Jordan Valley District Branch (FAJVDB). and projects funded by the United States Agency for lnternational Development under the Ministry of Water and Irrigation's Water Eficiency and Public lnfonnation for Action (WEPIA) prograrn, which is also irnplernented by the Acaderny for Educational Developrnent. 1.3 PROJECT DESCRlPTlON As part of the EPPlClP efforts in agribusiness, the Acaderny for Education Developrnent and the Farrners Association Jordan Valley District Branch applied for funding to irnplernent a project under the narne of 'Water-related Small lnfrastructure Development to Promote Productivity in Rural Areas': The rnain objectives of the proposed project were to increase the total incorne of farming and other farnilies living in low-incorne areas of Jordan through structural irnprovements to existing water networks and construction of new structures. The project also airned at reducing fanner investrnent costs that would result in increases in farnily disposable incorne. At the time the application was rnade, the project was expected to provide up to 50 srnall grants to cornrnunity groups, irnprove the incornes of up to 5000 farnilies as a result of the inte~entions, irnprove the incornes of up to 2000 farnilies through decreased expenditures, and train up to 50 Cornrnunity Based Organizations to conduct financia1 rnanagernent of their grants. At the time the application was rnade the target group to benefit frorn the endeavor cornprised of: 0 5000 farnilies (pop. 40,000) in Tafila, Madaba, Al Balqa. Maan. Mafraq. Karak, Ajloun and lrbid to be supported through cornrnunity grants. 0 2000 Farrners to receive support in irrigated agriculture, water ha~esting. irnprovernents in water purnping stations. improvernents in resewoirs. rehabilitate existing Rornan wells and rese~oirs. 2000 Farmers to receive support in construction of new canals. new rese~oirs, srnall processing plants and equiprnent. selection of plant stock, ponds for animal husbandry, water systerns for poultry plants. cooling systerns for poultry, water for alfalfa production for animal feed. At the time of submitting the proposal, other activities that were intended for funding included the construction of structures for waste disposal and re-use related to water (e.g. poultry processing), gray water re-use and recycling for productive trees. Those types of projects, however. were not irnplernented as will be seen in following sections. Villages' population, incorne levels, geographic location, relationship to water, ability to cost-share up to 10% and previous experience in doing field projects. 1.4 PROGRAM OWNERS, FINANCERS, AND IMPLEMENTERS As rnentioned before, the study at hand assessed two types of srnall projects; projects that were funded by the MoP's CIP prograrn, and projects funded by the United States Agency for lnternational Developrnent under the Ministry of Water and Irrigation's Water Efíiciency and Public Information for Action (WEPIA) program. The forrner was irnplernented by the collaboration between the Acaderny of Educational Developrnent and the Farrner's Association Jordan Valley District Branch (FAJVDB), while the later was solely irnplernented by the Acaderny for Educational Developrnent, with assistance early on frorn the Jordan Fonirn for Business and Professional Wornen. The following sections briefly present the involved entities. 1.4.1 Jordan Ministry of Planning (MoP) Established as a Ministry in 1984, it acts as the national driving force for guiding and coordinating governrnental socio-econornic policies, prograrns and priorities as well as enhancing international cooperation for addressing these goals. As rnentioned before, the (GoJ) launched the Enhanced Productivity Prograrn (EPP) tocornbat poverty and addressed a variety of sectors. The envisioned end result of the EPP is individuals and cornrnunities generating incorne and ernployrnent in their towns and villages, with the governrnent playing the role of the enabler and supporter. The EPP has several cornponents. one of which is the (CIP) that airns at enhancing productivity and rural developrnent through infrastructure projects that suppori enterprise developrnent in tourisrn, agribusiness, municipal, and governorates' developrnent. One of the CIP's rnain sub-cornponents is Agribusiness. This sub￾component seeks to enhance the infrastructure supporiing agriculture, irnprove the living standards of farrners and increase their participation in investrnent and developrnent. The EPPICIP's agribusiness approach ernploys Fast Track and Pilot Programs to create both immediate and long-ten impacts. The disciplines that agribusiness addresses include water use, marketing, extension services. conservation of medicinal and herbal plants, association building and altemative crop development to expand yield and to expand the choices available to Jordan's farmers. The projects and activities described in this report are part of the Fast Track and Pilot Programs that are funded by the MoP. I 1.4.2 Jordan Ministry of Water and lrrigation (MoWI) Responsible for the overall management and delivery of water for municipal and agricultural use, !he Jordan Ministry of Water and lrrigation caries several activities to remedy water shortage in Jordan, such as water demand management. Demand management has proven to be very importan! for coping with climate change. both because it promotes efficiency and because it enables a considerable amount of flexibility in water resource management. As part of its continuing efforts to develop water demand management strategies, !he MoWl launched the Water Efticiency and Public lnformation for Action (WEPIA) program. This five-year project is implemented in collaboration with the Academy for Educational Development and is funded by the United States Agency for lnternational Development. The project deploys social marketing techniques to promote !he use of water saving devices (WSDs) on domestic water fixtures. A significan! portion of !he WEPIA activities in Jordan involves a community grants' program to fund projects similar to those funded by the MoP CIP agribusiness program. More details on !he nature of those projects are presented in the following section. 1.4.3 The Acaderny for Educational Developrnent (AED) The Academy for Educational Development is a US-based non-profit agency that implements development projects worldwide. It is awarded a cooperative agreement with USAlD to work on water conservation in Jordan for a period of five years. The Academy is one of the largest non-profit agencies supporting USAlD and other lnternational Donor agencies worldwide. They implement more !han 250 programs in over 160 countries and the United States. Program areas include Health and Education, Workforce Development. Global learning and Leadership. and Social Change amongst others. It has a worldwide staff of more !han 1000 technical persons and an annual operating budget of $154 million dollars. In Jordan the AED implements the Water Efficiency and Public Infonation for Action (WEPIA) program funded by USAID. collaborating with the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. Part of WEPIA, as mentioned before, includes a community grant program. The comrnunity grants program supports small projects implemented by Comrnunity Based Organizations that aim at conserving water and improving the standards of living as a result. To date, a total of $130,000 dollars were initially allocated for this program. An additional $100,000 was added at the direct request of His Excellency the Minister for Water and lrrigation, upon review of the program and the benefits to local communities. Considered one of its major successes. the prograrn has funded a total of twenty-seven grants. All funding activities are intended to; a) reduce the expenses of the poor by bringing greater efticiency to water systems in the rural or urban sector and; b) increase productivity of rural populations through interventions in on-farrn water use. 1.4.2 The Farmers' Association Jordan Valley District Branch (FAJVDB) The Jordan Valley Faners' Association (JVFA) was originally founded in the year 1974 under temporary Governmental Statute No. 14 of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It was later renamed the Farmers' Association Jordan Valley District Branch as part of the General Farmers' Association. The mission of the FAJVDB is to promote the personal and professional growth of al1 people involved in agricuiture. The FAJVDB purposes include; developing leaders in the agricuitural sector, inspiring agricultural sewice. strengthening agricultural communities. and enhancing the success potential for Jordanian agriculture, especially the beginning faners. The FAJVDB accomplishes its mission through programs and services designed to provide a national framework to inspire personal achievement, educational opportunities to build business and environmental stewardship skills, and leaderchip and service opportunities for living and working in a local and global community. The vision of the FAJVDB is a world where al1 people value and understand the vital role of agriculture. water, food, fiber. and natural resource systems in advancing personal and global well being. Currently, the FAJVDB offers the following services: 03 Representing the agricultural cornmunity at the governmental level with entities such as the Ministries of Agriculture, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, and the Jordan Valley Authority. *:* Assisting the Jordan Valley farrning comrnunity in the subsidized purchase of their basic cornrnodities, such as irrigation equiprnent. fertilizers, chernicals, pesticides. etc. e:* Introduce new irrigation technologies to the Jordan Valley farrning community. Q Assist local farrners in the marketing of their crops and the processing of surplus crops. -3 Assist local farrners in developing water conservation measures (e.g. water harvesting and water recycling) With agriculture being the largest consurner of water in the region, one cannot overlook the significant interaction between water resources and agnculture. The sustainability of the agricultural sector in the region is heavily dependent on the availability of water, and unless serious rneasures are taken to provide new water resources, the future of agriculture in the region is uncertain. With the escalating water scarcity problern in the region, it has becorne necessary to utilize irrigation technology and procedures that optirnize water efficiency. lrrigation equiprnent such as drip and rnicro drip irrigation has been successfully used in the region. Also. practices such as grey water utilization and rain harvesting have already proven to be effective rneasures of increasing water use efficiency. thus, irnproving standards of living in rural cornmunities. 1.5 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to survey a sarnple of the projects irnplernented through the cornrnunity grants program. The evaluated projects included both projects funded through the AEDIFAJVDB Ministry of Planning's EPPlClP fund, and the WEPlA project's community grants program. The evaluation was to be rnet through documentation and quantification of irnprovernents resulting frorn the irnplernented projects. Other objectives of the study were to study various performance indicators, which included the following 0 Baseline for the income(s) andlor expenditures of the rnonitored cases Increase(s) in incorne, if any. 0 Decrease in expenditures, if any Drop out cases (where applicable) of beneficianes andlor discontinued activities. Social change occurring on the direct beneficiaries level of cornrnunity level (rnobility. marketing, attitude, decision rnaking) lmprovements in life quality (hygiene, saved time, saved effort) and quantifying such irnprovernents Unintended results, whether positive or negative Attitudes and opinions of the local comrnunity towards the grants. its irnplementation, rnanagernent, benefits. shortcornings and recomrnendations. The consultant, the lnterdisciplinary Research Consuitants (IaRC) conducted al1 the field surveys and structured interviews to arrive at the above objectives. 1.6 OUTLINE OF OTHER CHAPTERS The docurnent at hand comprises of four chapters. The first chapter presents a background on the problern and the objectives of the evaluation. The Second chapter sumrnarizes the rnethodology followed to rneet the objectives of the study at hand, while chapter three presents the findings and results of the evaluation. Finaily. chapter four presents the lessons learned and conclusionslrecornrnendations to be considered in future endeavors. Chapter 2: METHODOLOGY As rnentioned before, the objective of the AEDIFAJVDB collaboration was the provision of up to 50 project srnall grants provided to cornrnunity groups that were expected to irnprove the standard of living of up to 2000 farnilies through irnprovernents of incorne andlor reductions in cost. The prograrn also aimed to provide Jordanian Cornrnunity Based Organizations (CBOs) with proper training to enable thern to conduct financia1 rnanagernent of their grants. The grants were planned to finance projects that included; water ha~esting. irnprovernents in water purnping stations, irnprovernents in rese~oirs, rehabilitation of existing Rornan Rese~oirs, construction of new canals, new rese~oirs, plants and equiprnent, water resewoirs for animal farrns. and new innovations in agnculture requiring water infrastructure. The irnprovernent projects were to be awarded in the poorest 8 governorates; Ma'an, Tafeeleh, Karak, Madaba. Ajloun, Balqa, Mafraq and Irbid. The WEPlA Cornrnunity Grants Prograrn had a similar nature. however, it addressed CBOs in ten governorates. Section 2.1 of this chapter bn'efiy surnmarizes the rnethodology followed by the joint venture in preparing, awarding, and irnplernenting those irnprovernent projects. Section 2.2 presents in more detail the rnethodology followed by the ldRC technical tearn in rnonitoring and evaluating a sarnple of projects. 2.1 PRE-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY To achieve the objectives of the project, the rnernbers of the collaboration (¡.e.. the AED and the FAJVDB) assurned different. yet cornplernentary roles. Considering the vast experience of the AED in rural econornic developrnent and capacity building. it was one of the AED's objectives to build the capacity of the FAJVDB and better equip thern to rnanage and irnplernent such sizeable grants. It should be mentioned, however, that there was a strict time constraint irnposed by the Ministry of Planning on the project management team (Le., the FAJVDBIAED collaboration). The entire project duration was one year, during which al1 capacity building, project marketing, CBO training, proposal reviewsífield visits, and project implementation/completion had to be completed. Considering, the large number of the grants to be awarded, and the wide 29. Alfajer w. soc 30. Khaled Ibn Ahaleed ch. Soc resewoirs drilling iheeban mued 3730 10 N 31. Abdurrahman Ibn Awfch. Soc main. For Ihe spnng and resewoir Madaba m,.& 622 20 N 32. Alrnathloutha ch. Soc resewoir consl. and plastic piping Malhloulha rn:reC 5W 10 N 33. Althuhaiba ch. Soc Roman resewoir main Thuhaibah mred 3730 10 N 34 Alnahdha ch. Soc well drillkng and rnain. Theeban mixed 37M 1C N * 35. Alaqsa ch. Soc reserdoir const Madaba mired 2OCO 10 N 36. Aldhuha m. soc resewoir wnst. Madaba mmeb 1036 15 N m T ile 3 (wni'd). Final List of Grants under the AEDIFAJVDB 4 East of Mafraq m. soc /water gathering cisteml wnstrudion - l~abha o~obheyyahi mked / 1500 ; 10 N 4Y~bnaa deir Alkahf m. Soc jreservoir wnst. and ~um~inq unit / Deiralkahf 1 mked i 3500 i 10 N '4' Alkherbeh alsamra ch. Soc /grey water refining - dC Balaarna ch. Soc jwater harvesting Kherbah Samra Thaghret aljub Buwaidah d Thaghret aljub ch. Soc Balaama 1 mixed j 2900 i 10 Y a Reef lady w. soc lwater harvesting mked i 3m l 10 N mixed i 2~x1 j 15 Y mixed i 3200 10 Y water harvesting 4 . Koum arraf ladies ch. Soc l~lantins of medicinal and herbal ~lants / Koum alraf 1 F 1 1300 1 10 N 51. Fatima auahraa m. soc 49. Farmers Union Maaddi bnodem irrisation svstems dev. 1 Deir alla / mixed 1 6352 1 10 N Maaddi : Reef Anjara m. soc Iresewoirs wnst. 59. Kufr almaa ch. Soc Cistern wnstrudion Kufr almaa 1 mked 3240 10 N Kharai ladies ch. Soc Cistem Construdaon Alkharai 1 F 2700 1 O Y !44. Buwaidet alolaimat ch. Soc resewoir wnst. and planting medicinal and herbal Ain janna Anjara 1 mued i 2700 M Y Halawa ladies ch. Soc Ballas ch. Soc water harvesting F F 13000 10 N : . Assaif w. soc Erhaba ch Soc reservoirs wnst Erhaba 1 mued 3üW 10 N 1s Alvarmouk ch Soc ~tstern wnstrudion Kufur soum mixed 1 913 10 N 3000 10 Y 54. Sakhra ladies ch. Soc 57. Farmen Union reservoirs wnst. l Alloun 10 N reservoir wnst. and planting medicinal and herbal ilalawa Cistern mnslrudion 1 Ballas (a Union ch Soc water plplng Masharea 1 mued wells and reservoir wnst. F 3000 10 N mked 1 2700 10 Y 3420 20 Y Anjara mixed 1 2700 10 Y Cistem wnstrudion -, 55 Noithern vallies ladies water piping Wada alrayyan I F 1 3500 10 N 52 Yubla ch Soc anal mnst Yubla l mued Kuh soum ch Soc Ctstern Constnidion Kufur soum mixed im Tubneh ch Soc Cistern wnstrudion Tubneh mued Sakhra 3WO 1 O N 3500 20 N 37W 15 Y F 1 2700 15 Y 38 Jdaina ch Soc canal Ihnm Jdaina mued l 69M N 1 I I I . , LOUN' .-:. ....... .m : : ,"C!+,: i ... .... l.% i ., .b . . 1 Jabal Al-Akhdar Coopeiative so~ety ,C steins wnstndion and mainlenance 1 Jabal Al-AkMar m?n 5724 Al-Hilal charitable socieiy Cistems wnstruction and pistachio plantations ShkarY Fakhlrai b mued j 5151 t Sakhind Safina j Al-Hussein socieiy for the habilitation and Therapeutic pool repair Arnman i mmed phabilitation of the physically challenged ! 6 Productive woman woperative socieiy l~ursery for drought tokrant plants 1 Marka I t 8 Red Crescent soueiy I~esidenl~al network repair and education Aqabaaty i maed 1 U70 I . I ... .......... .. ID- . ' : - : ' , . 1 ... . .*.. i. .. : ,. . ; -, ' , . -%.- .... 22. Grayyat and Wer voluntary socieiy Roman ctsterns repair 23. Mleh voluntary society Drip irngalion syslems and bee keepmg y24 AbdulRahman Ibn Auf voluntary society Gray water systems 25. Rahma Voluntary Society Water hawesting cistems TAFEELAH . ~ .... ............. ..... ... : . . . . 46. Gharandal charitable society Repair of house network and water tanks 2.1.9 Additional Activities In addition to the activities outlined above. the project tearn assisted the CBOs in preparing progress reports, rnonitoring and randorn visits. supervision of projects, project hand over, preparing project snag lists, overseeing project exit strategies. and final reporting. 2.2 POST-PROJECT MONlTORlNG AND EVALUATiON The rnonitoring and evaluation (M&E) of developrnent projects generally entails periodic collection and analysis of financia1 and physical data. The analysis of project irnplernentation was deerned irnportant in order to identi the causes for the differences between targets and actual achievernent. Thus, an M&E strategy would provide institutions the rneans for ascertaining problerns encountered in irnplernentation and the reasons for any gaps between planned and actual performance; and ensure that such information are regularly provided to rnanagernent with appropriate recornrnendations. Unfortunately. the time constraints on this activity did not allow for the developrnent of a cornprehensive system. Therefore, only a sarnple of the projects developed under this prograrn was assessed. The irnplernented systern helped sornewhat establish baseline conditions, and develop the rnechanisrn for quantifying deviations (irnprovements) to those baseline conditions. To meet the objectives of the M&E activities at hand, the ldRC tearn conducted the following tasks 2.2.1 Desk Study and Sample Selection The purpose of this task was to review, surnrnarize, and document al1 the activities that were conducted prior to any of the grant awards. Generally, this included docurnentation of al1 rneetings, governorate rneetings, workshops, training activities. site visits. etc. that took place. One of the purposes of this task was to evaluate the effectiveness of the process of publicizing the project to the target population(s) and governorates. The effectiveness of the process was evaluated through deterrninations of response rates (e. proposals subrnitted versus people invitedltrained to prepare and submit proposals). This process helped identify the strengths and weaknesses in the publicity and proposal solicitation processes. Once docurnented and entered into the evaluation systern, it would help enhance the process for extensions/expansions of the grants programs by the MoP. The desk study also addressed the proposals that were submitted and categorized thern to accepted proposals and rejected proposals, and looked into the details of the rejected proposals. 2.2.2 Sample Selection The ldRC study tearn looked at al1 the awarded grants (total 68 +27 grants) and selected a representative sarnple for inclusion into the MBE system. It should be mentioned again that the sarnple included both projects funded under the AEDIJVFA prograrn and projects under the WEPlA program. Although it was preferable to select the sarnple on a cornpletely random basis: it was deerned more appropriate to stratify the selection process. The purpose of the stratification was to guarantee selection of projects in al1 the participating governorates and to cover al1 types of projects financed by the prograrn. Therefore, the projects were categorized according to geographic location and according to project nature, and projects were randomly drawn frorn those sub-categones. ln total, 17 AEDIJVFA projects out of 68 projects were selected (25%) and 12 WEPlA projects out of the first WEPlA phase of 18 completed projects were selected (67% of the total). A list of the CBOs selected for monitonng and evaluation is included in the Appendix. 2.2.3 Field Assessments Once the study sample was deterrnined, the ldRC study tearn reviewed in more details al1 the documentation pertaining to those siteslprojects. The study team then conducted field visits to those sites and rnet the beneficiary (ies) in order to gather the data relating to baseline or pre-project conditions. and post-project conditions. Those data include incorne. water consurnption. nature of activity, etc. Although a portion of those data could have been extracted frorn the proposals, face-to-face interviews with the beneficiaries helped refine those data in a more accurate manner. The study tearn held visits with the CBO. the CBO rnanagernent, individual grantees. and in sorne cases rnernbers of the grantees farnilies. Generally, the following data were collected O Pre-Project incomeslexpenditures of the monitored cases O Post-Project incomelexpenditures (or projected according to valid indicators) O Drop out cases (where applicable) of beneficiaries andlor discontinued activities, and reasons. Social change occurring on the direct beneficiaries level of community level (mobility, marketing, attitude, decision making) O lmprovements in life quality (hygiene, saved time. saved effort) and quantifying such improvements O Unintended results, whether positive or negative. ln addition to the data collected in the field surveys and interviews. the ldRC study team assessed the attitudes and opinions of the local community(ies) towards the grants, its implementation, management, benefits, shortcomings and recommendations. This was achieved through the conduct of mini-survey questionnaire that targeted the community. The sample mostly included members of the beneficiaries' families, and non-beneficiary members of the CBOs. The survey was conducted in the form of structured interviews where a series of questions were asked to the interviewed individuals. 2.2.4 Data Analysis and Docurnentation All the collected data were analyzed to produce statistics and indicators such as: Most successful (with reference to expectations) projects in terrns of meeting objectives (mainly economically) and reasons for success o Factors contributing to successlfailure of project(s) Most frequent obstacleslconstraints and ways of improvement 0 Most promising areas for investment (irrigation equipment, reservoirs. etc.) O Project economic feasibility indicators and cash fiow analyses for future projections o Project social indicators (size of irnpacted beneficiaries families. comrnunities, etc.) Chapter 3: RESULTS As rnentioned earlier, a nurnber of srnall project grants were provided to cornrnunity groups that were expected to irnprove the standard of living of up to 2000 farnilies through irnprovements of incorne andlor reductions in cost. The prograrn also airned to provide Jordanian Comrnunity Based Organizations (CBOs) with proper training to enable thern to conduct financia1 rnanagernent of their grants. The grants were planned to finance projects that included; water harvesting, irnprovernents in water storage and delivery systerns, irnprovernents in reservoirs. rehabilitation of existing Rornan reservoirs, construction of new canals. new reservoirs, and new innovations in agriculture requiring water infrastructure (e.g., non-traditional crops). The FAJVDBIAED irnprovernent projects were awarded in the poorest 8 governorates: Maan, Tafeelah, Karak, Madaba, Ajloun, Balqa, Mafrak and Irbid. while the WEPlA Cornrnunity Grants were awarded in ten governorates. This chapter presents the results of the project. However, it focuses on the findings of Monitoring and Evaluation activities conducted for a nurnber of those irnplernented projects. Section 3.1 and 3.2 present in detail the results and the findings on the assessed projects funded by the AEDIFAJVDB collaboration and WEPlA grants prograrn, respectively. Section 3.3 presents general rernarks on the analyzed projects, and section 3.4 presents the results of the survey that was conducted and expands on sorne of the socio-econornic aspects of the prograrn. 3.1 AEDIFAJVDB PROJECTS The following sections present the findings of the M&E activities conducted for the AEDIJVFA projects. A total of 17 projects are presented. For each project. a general description of the project outlining its objectives, benefits and rnain aspects is presented. Following that, the indicators and assurnptions used to estirnate the econornic feasibility analysis are described. This includes. savings. reductions in expenditures, rnaintenance costs. etc. The econornic feasibility analyses are then presented and their results depicted in terrns of the projects' Net Present Values (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BIC). and investrnent recovery period. It should be rnentioned that al1 analyses were conducted assurning an 8% annual rate of return. Finally, conclusions and recornrnendations drawn frorn the project are described. Depending on the nature of the project and its operational status. economic feasibility analyses for some of the projects could not be conducted. 3.1.1 Cistern construction and Water Ha~esting in Jdaydeh Charitable Society (Karak) Jdaydeh is a srnall comrnunity located in the northern part of Al Karak Governorate. The village is known for its cattle farrning industry (rnainly sheep), and is infarnous for its dairy products (butter, jameed, and rnargarine). The problern, however, is that the majority of the sheep growing farms are not serviced with water. leading the farmer owners to transporl water via tractors frorn a spring that is nearly a-25 kilorneter haul, at least twice a week. To overcome this problern, the CBO applied for a grant to construct cisterns on individual farms with the purpose of rainwater harvesting. As a resuR. the CBO was awarded a grant of JOD 2,700 to which the CBO added JD 900 (JD 300 in cost sharing and another JD 600 eventually paid by the beneficianes). The CBO announced to local residents about the availability of the grant and six farrners were selected as a result. In total. 6 farms with total area 30 Dunums were equipped with pear shaped cisterns with a cement catchment basin to collect rainwater. The average size of each cistern was nearly 30 cubic rneters. The rnain beneffi of the cisterns was that it increased on-farm water availability and it parlly elirninated the need to transport water via tractors, thus reducing farmers' expenditures. The ldRC study tearn visited the CBO in Al Karak, met the manager and held structured conversations with two beneficiaries, and then visited come cistern locations and documented them using photos. The following surnmarizes the rnain aspects of the project: 0 Increase on-farm water availability for beneficiaries Reduce beneficiaries' water related expenditures. Save the travel time consurned by transporting water from the source Enable beneficiaries to more efficiently water their animals, thus, increase their incomes. Nurnbers of the direct beneficiaries are 6 persons. Numbers of the in direct beneficiaries are 150 persons. Taha Thuneibat, one of six sheep growers in Jdaydeh that were able to reduce their on-farm water expenditures. With cistems on their farms, those farmen have eliminated the need to transport water from a nearby spring in the winter. 3.1.1.1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the economic feasibility analyses for the project, the IoRC extracted certain water consurnption and expenditure indicators from the beneficiaries during the structured inte~iews. Those indicators would help quantify the benefits of the project and conduct its econornic feasibility analysis. Table 5 below sumrnarizes those indicators. Table 6 surnmarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 5. Surnrnary lndicators for Jdaydeh Charimble Swieiy Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 3600 JD 2700 + JD 300 + JD 600 Number of wells 6 Annual pre-project water cost JD 1080 JD 15 per farmer per month year romd Annual post-project water cost JD 360 JD 10 per farmer per month in summer (6months) Annual savings in water cost JD 720 Design life for the well 10 years OBM JD 30 Electricity and well clean up every year Table 6. Summary of Feasibility Analysis for Jdaydeh CharibMe Society End of Year lnitial Cost OBM Benefit Net Cash Flow O -3600 O O -3600 1 O -30 720 690 2 O -30 720 690 3 O -30 720 690 4 O -30 720 690 5 O -30 720 690 6 O -30 720 690 7 O -30 720 690 8 O -30 720 690 9 O -30 720 690 1 O O -30 720 690 NPV JD 1030 BIC 1.28 Recovery 7.5 years 3.1.1.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen from the financia1 analysis, the project ¡S an econornically feasible one, with an NPV of nearly JD 1000, and a benefit cost ratio exceeding one. ln conclusion the project has rnet its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use, has reduced farrners expenditures and benefited nearly 150 individuals. It is recomrnended that such projects be duplicated, however, it is also recornrnended that the grants be given in a revolving rnanner. For instance, for this particular case, a re-payrnent of JD 5 per rnonth frorn each farrner (¡.e., half their savings) would allow the addition of a new well every twenty months. each with a net retum of JD 120 per year. 3.1.2 Roman Resewoir Rehabilitation in Al-Fajj Society (Karak) Al-Fajj is an area near Mutah in the southern part of Al Karak Governorate. With old Rornan Resewoirs in the area. it has becorne an attraction for sheep and cattle growers as an area to water cattle especially in the surnmer time. Unfortunately, until recently, those resewoirs had not been well rnaintained over the years. which has caused them to becorne filled with soil eroded by rain. this reduced their holding capacity. In addition, the lack of maintenance has reduced the amount of water draining into them, which has led cattle farrners to often purchase tanks to fill up the wells. To assist with solving the problem, the CBO applied for a grant to rehabilitate three Roman reservoirs in the area. As a result. the CBO was awarded a grant of JOD 4,000 (the CBO contributed JD 700). In total, three reservoirs with holding capacities of 70, 150, and 500 cubic meters were rehabilitated. The main benefit of the reservoirs was that it increased water availability to cattle farmers with farms established in the vicinity of these reservoirs and farrners that bring their cattle to the reservoirs for watering. It has helped reduce the amount of water tankers that were frequently brought in to fill the rese~oirs, thus reducing farmers' expenditures. The ldRC study tearn visited the Al Fajj Society in Al Karak, met the manager and held prolonged visits with some of the beneficiaries on the site. The following summarizes the rnain aspects of the project: lncrease water availability for local cattle growers Reduce beneficiaries' water expenditures by reducing the need to haul water to this remote area Enable beneficiaries to water their animals (nearly 4000 heads of sheep and 200 cows per year during certain seasons) at no cost. Numbers of the direct and indirect beneficiaries are 360 persons 3.1.2.1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the econornic feasibility analyses for the project. the IGRC extracted certain water consurnption and expenditure indicators from the beneficiaries during the structured inte~iews. Those indicators would help quantify the benefits of the project and conduct its economic feasibility analysis. Table 7 below surnrnarizes those indicators. Table 8 surnmarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 7. Surnmary Indicaton for Al Fa# Charitable Socieiy Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 4700 JD 4000 + JD 700 Number of resewoirs 3 Total Capacity 720 cubic meters Arnved at through intewiews by determining Annual pre-project water cost JD 5.600 the total number of heads watered and their daily water requirements Annual post-project water cost JD 4,120 Annual savings in water cost JD 1,480 It is very safe to assume that the design life is Design life for the resewoirsb 10 years significantly higher considenng that these resewoirs are hundreds of years old Maintenance JD 150 Reservoir clean up every year 3.1.2.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen frorn the financia1 analysis, the project is an econornically feasible one, with an NPV of nearly JD 4,000, and a benefit cost ratio significantly exceeding one. In conclusion the project has met its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use, has reduced farmers expenditures and benefited nearly 360 individuals. It is recornrnended that such projects be duplicated and other rornan resewoirs in the area be rehabilitated. However, it is also recomrnended the project atternpt to generate an incorne in order to expand its scope. For instance. for this particular case, a minirnal resewoir use fee frorn each farmer would help the rehabilitation of new resewoirs and possibly equipping the existing resewoirs with electric pumps to reduce waiting time for farrners. Table 8. Summary of Feasibiliiy Analysis for Al Fa# Charilable Socieiy End lnitial Cost Maintenance Benefit Year Net Cash Flow 1 O O -1 50 1480 1330 NPV JD 4,200 BIC 1.89 Recovery 4.5 yean 3.1.3 Well Drilling and Water Hawesting in Zahra Charitable Socieiy (Karak) Zahra is a srnall town in the northern part of Karak Governorate. The township is sewiced with water but water delivery to subscribers is inefficient. weak. and unreliable, especially in the surnrner. To rnake up for this. the inhabitants usually purchase water via tanks frorn nearby springs. It was desired to deploy water￾hawesting techniques frorn roof houses, with the water drained into resewoirs. which can be later purnped into roof tanks. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 2,500, which was enough to construct 3 resewoirs and rehabilitate 2 old cisterns at unit costs of JD 600 and JD 300 respectively. The rnain benefit of the resewoirs is to reduce beneficiaries' expenditures in purchasing water frorn tanks. With a revolving fund, the re-payments would allow for !he construction of additional resewoirs. The ldRC study team visited the Al Zahra Society in Karak. met the manager. visited sorne resewoir locations, and talked to sorne beneficiaries. Zahra resident Mr. Khamayseh has significantly reduced his water expenditures through the construction of this rainwater￾harvesting cistern in his backyard. With low water delivery pressure, he usually is obliged to purchase water tanken for use at home; an obligation that this cistern has eliminated. His 120-m' roof runs off enough water to fill his cistern. The following surnrnarizes the rnain aspects of the project: The grant is revolving between the beneficiaries in the Society with each farnily re-paying JOD 20 per month. At this rate, after the first year. two resewoirs can be added. This rate would increase as years go by. The project increases water availability for beneficiaries. The project reduces beneficiaries' water expenditures (dernand reduced frorn up to thirty 3-m tanks per family per year to nearly 20 3-m tanks per family per year). Enable some farnilies to irrigate their yards and orchards. thus. increase their incornes Numbers of the direct beneficiaries are 5 households. Nurnbers of the indirect beneficiaries are 50 persons. 3.1.3.1 Economic Analysis Past experience has shown that rainwater-ha~esting cisterns are not very economically feasible, unless supplemented by an additional incorne generating activity (e.g., high value crop irrigation, cattle farming, etc.). The rnain benefits of such systems are increasing water availability for residences, and reducing water related expenditures (usually in the forrn of water purchased via tankers). The reductions in water expenditures are not high enough to econornically justify the cost of such a systern. The additional benefits of the system. such as comfort, satisfaction, water efíiciency, al1 contribute to making such systems attractive to residents of rural areas where water delivery pressure can sometimes be sporadic or weak. To conduct the econornic feasibility analyses for the project. the ldRC extracted certain water consurnption and expenditure indicators frorn the beneficiaries during the structured inte~iews. Those indicators would help quantiíy the benefits of the project and conduct its econornic feasibility analysis. Table 9 below sumrnarizes those indicators. Table 10 sumrnarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibillty results for the project over its lifetirne. TaMe 9. Surnmary Indicaton for Al Zahn Water Harvesting Resewoir Pmjed Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 2500 lnitial nurnber of wells 5 3 new wells and 2 old cisterns rehabilitated Annual pre-project water Cost JD 750 30 tanks per family annually at JD 5 per tank Annual post-project water cOSt JD 500 20 tanks per family annually at JD 5 per tank Annual savings in water cost JD 250 3 new cisterns added every three years Design life for the project 1 O+ years 3.1.3.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen from the financia1 analysis. and in line with past expenence. rainwater-ha~esting cisterns are generally unfeasible econornically unless supplernented by another income generating source. The NPV for this particular endeavor is negative. and the benefit cost ratio is less than 1. This does not indicate. however, the failure of the project. For instance, an additional saving of JD 100 for the beneficiaries of this project would turn a project into a feasible one in a ten-year period. In other words, if each beneficiary can further utilize the well to reduce their expenditurelor increase their incorne by an additional JOD 20 annually, the project would becorne feasible. In conclusion the project has met its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use, has reduced beneficiaries' water-related expenditures and benefited nearly 50 individuals in the first year. It is recornrnended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas, especially in locations that are not sewiced with water. The social benefits of these kinds of projects are well worth the expense. TaMe 10. Summary of Feasibility Analysis for Al Zahn Socieiy lnitiai Cost Beneft Net Cash Year Flow O -2500 O -2500 1 O 250 250 2 O 250 250 3 O 250 250 4 O 250 250 5 O 250 250 6 O 250 250 7 O 250 250 8 O 250 250 9 O 250 250 1 O O 250 250 NPV JD 820 BIC 0.67 Recovery 22 years 3.1.4 Resewoir Construction By Farmers Association (Ajloun) The Fanners' Association Ajloun District Branch is a srnall branch with only nine active rnernbers. This project is its first experience in cornrnunity based grants and is, thus, believed to have the dual benefit of increasing water eíficiency and building the capacity of a local CBO to pursue additional funds. Ajloun has a high precipitation rate. and rnost irrigation is rain fed. The area se~iced by this project is a srnall area just north of the City of Ajloun that is home to 6 farms, one of which is a cow farm. To utilize the rainwater. the proposed project included a reservoir for rainwater ha~esting and an irrigation network to deliver water from the rese~oir to the individual farms. The size of the grant was only enough to construct the resewoir. The total size of the grant was JD 3,000 (supplernented by JD 1.700 frorn the CBO), which was used to construct an 80 cubic meter resewoir and a water￾harvesting concrete basin. The main benefit of the resewoir is to increase water availability for those six farms and reduce expenditures related to water. especially the animal farm. Unfortunately, and due to the lack of an irrigation network linked to the resewoir, the project cannot say that it has increased water efficiency. However, the availability of water hawested in the resewoir will have a positive impact once an irrigatjon network is in place. The IcfRC study team visited the CBO, held structured conversations with some of the beneficiaries, and toured the resewoir location. The following surnrnarizes the main aspects of the project: The project helps increase water availability for the beneficiaries. and once an irrigation network is installed, the increase of efficiency of water application will be achieved. Should the irrigation network be completed, the project would achieve the following: l. lncrease water availability for beneficiaries 2. lncrease of water efficiency application during irrigation 3. Numbers of the direct beneficiaries are 6 households 4. Numbers of the indirect beneficiaries are 60 persons Due to the project's operation status, no detailed economic feasibility anatysis was conducted. Furnishing an irrigation network will have the additional impact of improving yield, thus increasing farmers' incomes, which would reduce the recovery period for the investment. 3.1.4.1 Conclusions and Recommendations Although not fully utilized at this time, it is believed that the completed tank. supplemented with an irrigation network, will a positive impact. It is highly recommended that the FA pursue additional funds (possibly through the Ministry of Planning) to finance an irrigation network. 3.1.5 Reservoir, lrrigation Network and Medicinal Plants By Fatirna Al Zahraa (Ajioun) Ein Janna is a srnall town in the Ajloun Governorate. The local CBO is a wornan's CBO that is active in the area of training courses (e.g. first aid. accounting) to its rnembers. The purpose of this project was to create an additional source of income to the CBO and its active rnembers. The proposed project was to utilize some tracts of land owned by the CBO to grow medicinal herbs (thyme, carnornile. and sage) on a four-donum tract of land to be irrigated by a drip irrigation network fed by gravity frorn a water reservoir to be constructed as part of the project. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 3.000, which was used to construct a 15 cubic meter reservoir, install the irrigation network, and purchaselplant the medicinal seedlings plants. The ldRC study tearn visited project site, met the manager. and then visited the project site. The following summarizes the main aspects of the project: Make water available for an incorne-generating project (medicinal plants). lncrease beneficiaries' income from plant yield 0 The project created short-term ernployment. Numbers of the direct beneficiaries are 69 households. Nurnbers of the indirect beneficiaries are 560 persons Since no yield has been produced, it is difficult to estimate the incorne to be generated frorn the project. However, the CBO has generated marginal incorne frorn the sale of seedlings (JD 20 to 30 per year). The visit also revealed that the CBO is having some difíiculties rnaintaining the project. The CBO rnernbers are relatively inexperienced in the field of medicinal herbs. The ldRC study tearn also concludes that it rnay have been more efficient to build a rainwater harvesting reservoir rather than a reservoir to be filled by tanks. The CBO incurs an annual cost of nearly JD 120 in water tankers, a cost that can be reduced via rainwater harvesting 3.1.6 Drip lrrigation Network By Al Etihad Charitable Society (Irbid) This project is located in Al Masharaa in the lrbid Governorate front on the Jordan Valley. Being a rich agricultural area, most CBOs in the Jordan Valley are of an agricultural nature and the majority of their members are farmers as well. Unfortunately, a high percentage of farmers in Jordan still rely on open surface irrigation techniques, which have low water efficiency. The Al Etihad CBO applied for a grant to install modern irrigation networks (drip irrigation) on members' farms to grow vegetables. The CBO was granted JD 3420, which was matched by JD 850 from the CBO. The amount was enough to purchase and install four drip irrigation systerns only. To rnaximize the benefit, the CBO allocated funds to its members on a revolving basis. to allow for the installation of new systems as the beneficiary farme~ rnake their payment. To date, a fifth systern has been installed as a result of the revolving payments. The ldRC study team visited the Al Etihad Charitable Society, met the manager. held inte~iews with some of the beneficiaries, and visited some of the beneficiaries' farm sites. The following summarizes the main aspects of the project: lncrease water efficiency and yield for beneficiaries Reduce beneficiaries' water expenditures Enable some beneficiaries to increase the planted areas on their farms dueto the increased water delivery efficiency (areas were doubled in some cases). Nurnbers of the direct beneficiaries are 5 households. Numbers of the indirect beneficiaries are 45 persons. 3.1.6.1 Econornic Analysis In order to conduct the economic feasibility analyses for the project, the IURC extracted certain water consurnption and expenditure indicators from the beneficiaries during the structured inte~iews. Those indicators would help quantify the benefits of the project and conduct its economic feasibility analysis. Table 11 below summarizes those indicators. Table 12 summarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. " Members of Etihad CBO in the Jordan Valley deploying irn-gation networks on their farms has helped them use water more eficiently. Before the installation of the networks, open surface irrigation was used. The systems have allowed them to irrigate their farms with less water. 3.1.6.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen from the financia1 analysis, the project is an econornically feasible one, with an NPV of nearly JD 4,000, and a benefit cost ratio significantly exceeding one. In conclusion the project has met its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use, has reduced farmers expenditures and benefited nearly 100 individuals. It is recommended that such projects be duplicated and the principie of revolving funds encouraged since it has proven successful and maxirnizes the benefts. Table 11. Summary lndicators for Al Etihad Charitable Society Parameter Value Cornments lnitial cost Number of systerns A fiith system has been added wiih revolving the fund Annual pre-project water cost JO 1.700 Neariy JD 340 per year per farmer (average) Annual post-project water cost JD 800 JD 160 per year per farmer (average) Annual savings in water cost JD 900 Additional savings in fertiluer estimated at JD 50 per farmer annually Aiter which beneficianes are assumed to be Design life for the network 5 yean able to rehabilitate their nehvorks from their savingslprofits in previous yean Tabk 12. Summaty of Feasibility Analysis for Al Etihad Charitabk Sety End Fertilizer Net Cash InitiaI Cost Water Sarings savings Year Flow O -4275 O -4275 1 O 900 200 1100 2 O 900 200 1100 3 O 900 200 1100 4 O 900 200 1100 5 O 900 200 1100 NPV JD 120 BIC 1.03 Recovery 5 years 3.1.7 Canal Maintenance and Storage Reservoir By Kufr Sum Society (Irbid) The village of Kufr Sum is a small community in the Irbid Govemorate. Although springs are present to supply water for irrigation lo nearby farms, the majority of the existing delivery canals are not lined. thus leading to excessive water losses. and are mostly eroded. which hinders the flow of water. This has decreased the amounts of water delivered to farms, which in turn has affected the yield of those farms and negatively impacted the incomes of the farm owners. In addition, such inefficiency in water delivery, has led many farmers to purchase water via tankers, which overburdens their budgets and increases their expenditures. especially in the summer. The CBO applied for a grant to line an existing 500-m canal and rehabilitate iwo eroded springs. The CBO was awarded a grant of JD 3,500 lo which the CBO added JD 875. The main benefit of the project is lo increase the efficiency of water delivery, reduce losses from eroded springs, and reduce farmers' expenditures in purchasing water via tankers. The ldRC study team visited the project site, and met the manager and some of the beneficiaries. The following summarizes the main aspects of the project: Increase water availability for beneficiaries The project sewes 44 donums from agricultural land Reduce beneficiaries' water expenditures (eliminated a water incurred cost of JD 500 per month). Enabled some families to irrigate their yards, thus, increase their incomes Numbers of the direct beneficiaries are 60 households. Numbers of the indirect beneficiaries are 300 persons 3.1.7.1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the econornic feasibility analyses for the project, the ldRC extracted certain water consurnption and expenditure indicators from the beneficiaries during the structured interviews. Those indicators would help quantify the benefits of the project and conduct its econornic feasibility analysis. Table 13 below summarizes those indicators. Table 14 summarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 13. Summary lndicators for Kufr Sum Socieiy Parameter Value Comments lnitial cnst JD 4375 JD 3500 + JD 875 Length of canal 500 m Annual pre-project water cost JD 2,520 Nearly JD 7 per month per farm in the summer for supplernentary imgation Annual post-project water cost NIA Enhanced delivery has eliminated the need to haul water via tankers Annual savings in water cost JD 2,520 Design life for the project 5 years Maintenance JD 500 Annual clearing of springs and deaning canal frorn erosion and silt Table 14. Summary of Feasibiliiy Anaiysis for Kufr Sum Socieiy Net Cash End Initial Cost Water Savings Maintenance Flow Year o 4375 o 4375 1 O 2520 2520 2 O 2520 -500 2020 3 O 2520 -500 2020 4 O 2520 -500 2020 5 O 2520 -500 2020 NPV JD 4.153 BIC 1.9 Recovery 2.5 yean 3.1.7.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen from the financia1 analysis, the project is an economically feasible one, with an NPV of nearly JD 4.000, and a benefit cost ratio significantly exceeding one. In conclusion the project has met its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use. has reduced farmers expenditures and benefited nearly 300 individuals. It is recornmended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas. It is also recommended that the beneficiaries pay a subscription fee frorn their savings to be geared towards rnaintenance and possibly widening of the canal in the future. 3.1.8 Roman Rese~oir Rehabilitation By Tubneh Society (Irbid) Tubneh is a small town in the lrbid Governorate. Although the town is serviced with water, water delivery to subscribers is inefficient. weak, and unreliable. especially in the summer. To make up for this. the inhabitants usually purchase water via tanks. It was desired to deploy water-hawesting techniques from higher lands. with the water drained into existing Roman Resewoirs. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 3700, which was matched by JD 650 from the CBO. The grant was enough to rehabilitate eight Roman Resewoirs at the time with an average unit cost of JOD 500 per well. The main benefit of the wells is to reduce beneficiaries' expenditures in purchasing water from tanks and increasing water availability for domestic and agricultura1 uses. The ldRC study team visited the CBO in Irbid. met the manager. held structured conversations some of the beneficiaries, and then visited some well locations. Tubneh olive farmers are now utilizing rehabilitated Roman Reservoirs with capacities of up to 400 cubic meters to collect rainwater for supplementary irrigation, thus, eliminating tire need to purchase water. The families are also benefiting from those wells for domestic uses. The following summarizes the main aspects of the project: e lncrease water availability for beneficiaries. Sewice area nearly 40 donums e Reduce beneficiaries' water expenditures (a monthly water demand cost was eliminated). e Enable some families to irrigate their lands. thus. increase their incomes e Number of the direct beneficiaries is 8 households. Nurnber of the indirect beneficiaries is 80 persons 3.1.8.1 Economic Analysis Table 15 below surnrnarizes the indicators used in the feasibility analysis. Table 16 surnrnarizes the cash flow values and econornic feasibility results for the project over its lifetirne. Table 15. Summary lndicators for Tubneh Society Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 4350 JD 3700 + JD 650 Nurnber of wells Volurnes of wells 100 to 400 rn3 Annual pre-project water cost Average rnonthly expenditure of neariy JD 12 JD 1200 per family to purchase tanks Annual post-project water cost NIA Water expenditure neariy eliminated Annual savings in water cost JD 1200 Design life for the project 1 O+ years Maintenance JD 20 Annual clearing frorn erosion and silt Table 16. Summary of Feasibiliíy Analysis for Tubneh Sdty lnitial Cost Water Savings Maintenance Net Cash Year Flow O -4350 O -4350 1 O 1200 -20 1180 2 O 1200 -20 1180 3 O 1200 -20 1180 4 O 1200 -20 1180 5 O 1200 -20 1180 6 O 1200 -20 1180 7 O 1200 -20 1180 8 O 1200 -20 1180 9 O 1200 -20 1180 1 O O 1200 -20 1180 N PV JD 3,500 BIC 1 .a Recovery 4.5 years 3.1.8.2 Conclusions and Recornrnendations As can be seen from the financia1 analysis, the project is an economically feasible one, with an NPV of nearly JD 3,500, and a benefit cost ratio significantly exceeding one. In conclusion the project has rnet its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use, has reduced farrners expenditures and benefited nearly 80 individuals. It is recommended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas. It is also recommended that the beneficiaries pay a subscription fee frorn their savings to be geared towards maintenance of the wells and possibly rehabilitating additional wells. 3.1.9 Spring Rehabilitation By Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf Society (Madaba) This project entailed the rehabilitation of eroded springs in the Madaba governorate to se~ice nearly 60 surrounding farms. Although abundant, the spnngs in the area that were not eficiently used and sorne of them did not discharge water effectively due to erosion. The project airned at rehabilitating those springs. and gathering the water discharge in reservoirs, which could be then delivered to surrounding fanns. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 6,000. which was supplernented by JD 1500 from the CBO. The grant was adequate to rehabilitate 14 springs and construct 5 reservoirs. The main benefit of the spring rehabilitation and reservoir construction was to increase water availability and eficiency. The ldRC study tearn visited the CBO and toured the site accornpanied by the CBO manager and two of the beneficiaries. The following summarizes the main aspects of the project: 80% of the project is completed (2 rese~oirs are unfinished yet. and are expected to be finished by the end 2003). The three cornpleted resewoirs have a capacity of 290 cubic rneters (180 rn3: 80 m'. and 30 m') The project caused an increase in water discharge from the springs and increase water availability for beneficiaries (e.g. before the project. a 30 rn3 rese~oir needed a week to be filled due to the low discharge rate, as a resuk of the project the rese~oir fills up on a daily basis). With the increased availability of water. sorne famers considering to expand their farms. Numbers of the direct beneficiaries are 55 farmers Nurnbers of the indirect beneficiaries are 500 persons. The grant was not enough to protect the rehabilitated springs with retaining walls. Some of the springs have eroded again after the rain season Some springs need to be equipped with pipe. Remaining springs at risk to erode again unless retaining walls are constructed The rehabilitation of those spnngs in Madaba and the construction of storage reservoin is allowíng Guava farmen in the ama to store an additional9000 cubic meten to irn-gate this high value crop annually. The main benefits of the project were the increase in water availability and water efficiency. The eíficiency at some of the springs has quadrupled with the improved water discharge frorn the wells. As rnentioned before, a 30-m reservoir now has the ability to collect an additional 9,000 cubic meters per year. The value of those waters is not less than 4 to 5 thousand Dinars. Cornbined with the irnproved production of Guavas that are grown in the area, the benefits by far exceed the costs of the project. With the possibility of erosion of sorne of the springs, it is recommended that the beneficiaries allocate parts of their increased incorne towards supporting the springs with retaining walls to ensure their sustainability. 3.1.10 Reservoir Construction By Al Aqsa Society (Madaba) This project serves a school for the disabled in the Madaba Governorate that is managed by the CBO. The school, which is new. is not serviced with water and the nearest water main is nearly 1 kilometer away. This leads the school and CBO rnanagernent to purchase water for dornestic use via tankers. The purpose of the project was to build a resewoir that would help as a storage facility for water once the area becarne sewiced. The size of grant received was JD 2000 cornplimented by an additional JD 200 frorn the CBO. This grant was enough to construct a 50 cubic meter concrete resewoir. The laRC study tearn visited the site and rnet with the manager and spoke with some of the school ernployees. The project has not cornpletely rnet its objective because the school has not been connected to the Water Authority of Jordan's (WAJ) sewice network. However, once operational it is expected to benefit nearly 300 persons. rnainly the school students by furnishing the ability to store at least 50 rneters of water on top of what the school stores in roof tanks. This will eliminate any need to purchase water via tankers (estirnated at JD200 per rnonth). It can be conclude that this project will be very feasible once the school becornes sewiced frorn WAJ. The recovery period of the project would be a little over a year. It is recornrnended that the FA provide political support to CBOs receiving grants for projects that will not operate irnrnediately, or projects whose operation will depend on the availability of other funds and grants in order to catalyze the benefits of the projects. 3.1.11 Reservoir Construction By Badia Development Socieiy (Mafrak) The Badia Developrnent Society in Mafrak applied for a grant to construct a water storage resewoir that could be used for irrigation. The intended resewoir was to collect runoff frorn a side wadi that would help residences nearby to use the collected waters. The CBO received a grant of JD 3,800 to which it contributed JD 400. The grant was enough to construct a 225 cubic meter resewoir. The proxirnity of the resewoir to the side wadi ensured rapid fill up of the resewoir for later use. The idea is similar to rainwater hawesting cisterns, but on a large scale. As with rainwater hawesting cisterns, such resewoirs are not very economically feasible. unless supplernented by an additional incorne generating activity (e.g., high value crop irrigation, cattle farrning, etc.). The rnain benefits of such systems are increasing water availability for residences, and reducing water related expenditures (usually in the forrn of water purchased via tankers). The reductions in water expenditures are not high enough to econornically justify the cost of such a systern. The additional benefits of the systern. such as cornfort, satisfaction. water efficiency. al1 contribute to rnaking such systerns attractive to residents of rural areas where water delivery pressures can sometirnes be weak. In its worst case. assurning that the reservoir would be filled by the end of the rain season, the rese~oir for this project would relief the cornrnunity frorn the cost of 225 cubic rneters priced at JD 1.8 per meter. The ldRC study tearn visited the Badia CBO and held structured conversations with the manager and sorne beneficiaries. The following surnrnarizes the rnain aspects of the project: lncrease water availability for beneficiaries, which include residents or surrounding areas and the CBO itself, which owns an area planted by trees. Enable CBO to supply water, thus, decrease beneficiaries' expenditure. 0 Nurnbers of the direct beneficiaries are 77 households, and indirect beneficiaries are 132 persons. 3.1.11.1 Economic Analysis Table 17 below surnrnarizes the indicators used in the feasibility analysis. Table 18 surnrnarizes the cash flow values and econornic feasibility results for the project over its lifetirne. Table 17. Summaiy Indicaton for Badia Development Society Parameter Value Comments lnitlal cost JD 4200 JD 3800 + JD 400 Volume of resewoir 225 m' Annual value of collected water JD 400 Assuming the resewoir would be full at the end of the rainy season Design life for the project 1 O+ years Maintenance JD 20 Annual clearing from silt Table 18. Summary of Feasibility Analysis for Badia Developmen! S&ty End lnitial Cost Water Savings Maintenance Net Cash Year Flow 1 O O 400 -20 380 NPV JD -1.651 WC 0.60 Recovery 27 years 3.1.11.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen in the economic analysis, and in line with past expenence. the project seems to be economically infeasible. However, it meets the objectives of reducing the expenditures of beneficiaries. The project will recover its expenses. however. the recovery period is a little long. The actual lifetime of the reservoir will exceed 10 years if well maintained, which means that the project can eventually tum feasible. It is recommended that projects with a slow recovery rate be supplemented by additional income generating activities. For example. this project will also be utilized to irrigate some lands to be planted by the CBO. This will contribute to the income generated by the project, thus increase its feasibility. 3.1.12 Water Gathering Pool By East Mafrak Society (Mafrak) This project is similar to that implemented by the Badia Society. The main purpose of the pool was to collect runoff water from the nearby side wadi to serve farms in the vicinity (nearly 20 donums of agricultura1 land). The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 1.500 (rnatched by JD 300). The limited size of the grant was not enough to construct a concrete reservoir in the Wadi. Therefore. the project was replaced by a regular pool lined with mulch with a capacity of 1000 cubic meters. The compleüon of this 1000 cubic meter reservoir will help farmen in Mafraq to irrigate crops that can be used as animal feed to support the animal industry in the afea. The rnain benefit of the pool is to increase availability and reducing the expenditures of buying water via tankers. The ldRC study tearn visited the project and noticed the following aspects: lncrease water availability for beneficiaries. Enable CBO rnernbers to irrigate their farms, thus, will increase their inwmes. e The pool will serve sheep raisers and breeders. e Nurnber of direct beneficiaries is 40 households and nurnber of indirect beneficiaries is 140 persons. 3.1.12.1 Economic Analysis Although similar in nature to rainwater hawesting cisterns, the large volurne of such a reservoir rnakes it a more attractive (economically feasible) investrnent. Table 19 below surnrnarizes the indicators used in the feasibility analysis. Table 20 surnrnarizes the cash flow values and econornic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 19. Summafy Indicaton for East of Mafnk Society Parameter Value Comments lnitial wst JD 1800 JD 1500 + JD 300 Volume of resewoir 1000 m3 Annual value of collected water JD 750 Ata rate of JOD 0.75 per meter Design life for the project 1 O+ years Provided pool properly maintained Maintenance JD 15 Annual clearing frorn erosion and sin 3.1.12.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen in the economic analysis, the project is very feasible with an extremely short recovery period. Although similar in nature to other water ha~esting projects, the large size of the rese~oirs adds value to the project. The project meets the objectives of reducing the expenditures of beneficiaries. . The actual lifetime of the resewoir will exceed 10 years if well maintained. which means that the project can lead to complementary projects that are income generating. Table 20. Summafy of Feasibilily Analysis for East of Maírak S&iy End Initial Cost Water Savings Maintenanee Net Cash Year Flow 1 O O 750 -25 725 NPV JD 3000 BIC 2.6 Recovery 3 years 3.1.13 Resewoir and Canal Maintenance by Ayl Cooperative Society (Maan) Ayl is a srnall village in Ma'an Governorate. A spring in the area covers the water needs for the village. The Ayl CBO desired to rehabilitate the 144 cubic meters m gathering rese~oir and the 600-meter water delivery canals to increase water- - delivery efficiency to the beneficiary farmers who irrigate an area of nearly 300 donurns farms. In addition. a water outlet in the bottom of the existing resewoir I caused the growth of fungi in the reservoir and oflen led to its erosion. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 4,950 (supplemented by a match of JD m 550 by the CBO). The rehabilitated canals would increase the effciency of water delivery to farmers and cattle growers. a Upon the site visit and interviews that took place, the ldRC team summarized the following main aspects of the project: The project significantly increased water discharge from the spring and increase the water availability for beneficiaries (e.g. farms that took three days to irrigate before the project can now be irrigated in 12 hours). With the increased availability of water, some farmers are anticipating higher yields of improved quality. The resernoir filling time has been reduced to 8 hours. Numbers of the direct beneficiaries are 80 householders Numbers of the indirect beneficiaries are 600 persons. A maintenance cost of nearly 800 JD will be incurred to clean the reservoir from the fungi and soils. 31.131 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the economic feasibility analyses for the project. the loRC extracted certain water consumption and expenditure indicators from the beneficiaries during the structured interviews. Those indicators would help quantify the benefits of the project and conduct its economic feasibility analysis. Table 21 below summarizes those indicators. Table 22 summarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 21. Summafy Indicatoro for Ayl Sweiy Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 5500 Volurne of rese~oir 144 cubic rneters Annual benefits frorn increased Value of anticipated inuease in production. water availabiliíy JD 1500 rnainly olive oil as a result of additional water for irrigation. Design life for the project 10 Provided properly rnaintained Maintenance JD 800 Annual clearing irorn erosion and silt 3.1.13.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen frorn the financia1 analysis, the project is an economically feasible one, with an NPV of nearly JD 3,000, and a benefit cost ratio significantly exceeding one. In conclusion the project has rnet its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use, has reduced farrners expenditures and benefited nearly 600 individuals. It is recornrnended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas. It is also recornrnended that the beneficiaries pay a subscription fee frorn their savings to be geared towards rnaintenance and possibly widening of the canal in the future. Table 22. Summafy of Feasibiliiy Anaiysis for Ayl S-iy End Of lnitial Cost Benefits Maintenance Net Cash Year Flow O -5500 O -5500 1 O 1500 -800 1300 2 O 1500 -800 1300 3 O 1500 -800 1300 4 O 1500 -800 1300 5 O 1500 -800 1300 6 O 1500 -800 1300 7 O 1500 -800 1300 8 O 1500 -800 1300 9 O 1500 -800 1300 1 O O 1500 -800 1300 NPV JD 3.000 BIC 1.7 Recovery 5.5 years 3.1.14 Canal Lining by Mghariyah Society (Maan) This project was jointly funded by the AEDIJVFA and the WEPlA wrnmunity grants programs. The project area is in Shobak in northern Maan. An area in excess of 2000 donums that is planted with olives and other orchards depends on a nearby spring for irrigation. With reduced precipitation rates in the past years discharge from the spring has been continuously decreasing. The water is delivered frorn the spring to the farms via earth canals. To overcorne the decrease in spnng discharge. it was desired to convey the water via a 4-inch pipeline (with total length of 3000 m). The increased water delivery eficiency was expected to cornpensate for sorne of the reduction in spring discharge. The CBO received a total grant of JD 6.500 (JD 4,500 from the WEPlA program and JD 2000 from the JVFNAED prograrn). The pipeline has been cornpleted and is currently operational. The main aspects of the project are as follows Increase water delivered from the spring and Increase water availability for beneficiaries despite the spring's reduced outflow. Olive oil productivity has increased by 10% due to increased water availability. Number of the direct beneficiaries is 190 householders and nurnber of the indirect beneficiaries is nearly 1500 persons. 3.1.14.1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the econornic feasibility analyses for the project, the ldRC extracted certain water consurnption and expenditure indicators frorn the beneficiaries during the structured interviews. Those indicators would help quantify the benefits of the project and conduct its econornic feasibility analysis. Table 23 below surnrnarizes those indicators. Table 24 surnrnarizes the cash flow values and econornic feasibility results for the project over its lifetirne. Table 23. Summary lndicators for Mghariyah Souety Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 6500 CBO and beneficiaries contributed an additional 25% Length of pipe 3 Km Annual pre-project olive 2500 oil production containen Valued at JD 62.500 Annual post-project water cost 2750 oil containen Valued at JD 68.750 Annual benefits from increased JD 6,250 Value of additional water as a result of the water availability increase in discharge Design life for the project 5 Provided pipeline property maintained Maintenance JD 500 Pipe maintenance Table 24. Summary of Feasibility Analysis for Mghanyah Sooety End O' lnitial ~ost Benefits Net Cash Year Maintenance Flow O -6500 O -6500 1 O 6250 -500 5700 2 O 6250 -500 5700 3 O 6250 -500 5700 4 O 6250 -500 5700 5 O 6250 -500 5700 NPV JD 1600+ BIC 3.4 Recovery 1 .S years 3.1.14.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen frorn the financia1 analysis. the project is an ewnornically feasible one, with an extrernely high NPV, and a benefit cost ratio significantly exceeding one. In conclusion the project has rnet its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use, has reduced farrners expenditures and benefited nearly 1500 individuals. It is recornmended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas. It is also recomrnended that the beneficiaries pay a subscription fee frorn their savings to be geared towards rnaintenance and possibly widening of the canal in the future. It is also recomrnended that a subscription fee be collected frorn the beneficianes to further irnprove water delivery distribution and the installation of modem irngation networks, and possibly adding new crop varieties. 3.1.15 Water Main by Kararneh Society (Tafeelah) The Grandal spring is an area in Tafeelah and provides water for imgation for and cattle watering. The Kararneh CBO is responsible for rnaintaining and operating the spring and is an agreernent with the beneficiary farrners to do so. The spnng discharges into a 70 cubic meter storage reservoir constructed by the Canadian Embassy in 1998. The CBO desires to install a 2 km water main to transport water frorn the tank to the surrounding farms to replace the detenorating existing canals. The size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 1000, which was rnatched by JD 250 frorn the CBO. The size of the grant was only adequate to complete 500 m of the desired length. The following sumrnarizes the rnain aspects of the project: lncrease water availability for beneficiaries. Enable sorne farnilies to irrigate their yards, thus, increase their incornes 0 Nurnbers of the direct beneficiaries are 47 households. 0 Nurnbers of the indirect beneficiaries are 300 persons. the rnain benefit of the project was in reducing conflicts between farmers over water turns. It is recornrnended that the beneficiary farmers re-pay sornewhat of a subscription fee to help extend the length of the rnain to the original desired length. 3.1.16 Canal Lining by Dhana Society (Tafeelah) Dhana is a small town in the Tafeelah Governorate. The inhabitants rely on a spring that delivers water via a srnall canal. The existing canal is deteriorated leading to excessive losses and inefficient delivery of water. The Dhana CBO applied for a grant to rehabilitate the canals and construct a storage rese~oir. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 4500 (matched by JD 500 by the CBO). The main benefit of the channel is to reduce water losses and increase water availabilrty. The ldRC study team visited the project site and concluded the following The project increases water delivery by 50 to 60% (estimated frorn the cornparison of manning coeffcient for a deteriorated and improved canal lining. There an estimated increase of 10 to 12 cubic meters per day of water delivery in the winter time, with an annual average increase of nearly 6 cubic meters per day due to reduction in discharge during the summer. The project enables some families to irrigate their yards, thus. increase their incornes Number of direct beneficiaries is 200 households Nurnber of the indirect beneficiaries is 1000 persons The population of the village is rnostly old. with little attention given to famis. 3.116 1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the economic feasibility analyses for the project. the ldRC extracted certain water value indicators from the beneficiaries during the structured inte~iews. Those indicators would help quantify the benefits of the project and conduct its econornic feasibility analysis. Table 25 below surnmarizes those indicators. Table 26 summarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibil~ty results for the project over its lifetime. Table 25. Summary lndicators for Dhana Socieiy Parameter Value Comments - - lnitial cost Value of additional water as a result of the Annual benefits from increased increase in discharge estimated at 6 cubi water availability JD 1000 meters per day. with an average value of JD 0.5 per cubic meter Design life for the project 1 O Provided propedy maintained Maintenance JD 100 Annuai clearing from erosion and silt 3.1.16.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen frorn the financia1 analysis, the project is an economically feasible one, with an NPV of nearly JD 1,000, and a benefit cost ratio significantly exceeding one. In conclusion the project has met its objective in increasing the effkiency of water use, has reduced farmers expenditures and benefited nearly 1000 individuals. It is recommended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas. It is also recornrnended that the beneficiaries pay a subscription fee frorn their savings to be geared towards rnaintenance and possibly widening of the canal in the future. Table 26. Summary of Feasibility Analysis for Dhana S&fy Of lnitial Cost Benefits Net Cash Maintenance Flow Year 1 O O 1000 -100 900 NPV JD 1.000 BIC 1.2 Recovery 9 years 3.1.17 Water Effíciency Projects by Rural Women Cooperative Society (Balqa) The projects irnplernented by this CBO were both funded by the AEDIJVFA and the WEPIA cornrnunity grants prograrns. This CBO is probably one of the rnost active of al1 the visited CBOs with a variety of projects financed by a vanety of agencies such as the GTZ, and other entities. The CBO has a wide rnernbership base and even operates incorne-generating activities such as a dairies factory. The CBO is located in of Deir Alla in the Jordan Valley, which is rnostly an agricultura1 area. This CBO follows an approach different frorn the other CBOs, where once it receives a grant. it is loaned to a nurnber of rnernbers with each rnernber irnplernenting her own project and re-paying the loan in the forrn of payrnents to enable the CBO to grant ioans to other rnernbers. Projects irnplernented included irrigation networks. water reservoirs. house plurnbing networks, rainwater harvesting reservoirs, and fertigation equiprnent. The CBO received total grants of JD 10,000 frorn both prograrns (¡.e.. AEDIJVFA and WEPIA). The IdRC study tearn visited the CBO. rnet the manager held various site visits, and held prolonged visits with some beneficianes and their farnily mernbers. The rnain aspects of the projects irnplernented by this CBO: 1. The grant is revolving between the beneficiaries in the Society with each farnily re-paying JOD 20 per rnonth. 2. The projects increase water efficiency and availability for beneficianes. 3. The projects reduce agriculture related expenditures such as water and fertilizers. 4. Enable sorne farnilies to irrigate their yards, thus, increase their incornes 5. Projects also have a dornestic nature where sorne plurnbing networks were rehabilitated. 6. Nurnbers of the beneficiaries exceeds 400 individuals 3.1.17.1 Economic Analysis Tables 27 and 28 surnrnarize the econornic indicators and econornic feasibilrty analyses for one of the projects irnplernented by the CBO; a fertigation pump. Generally the average size of each loan granted by the CBO was JD 600, which was always supplernented by the beneficiary by an average of JD 100 to 200 to complete the project. Other projects implemented by the CBO included a rainwater harvesting reservoir (36 cubic meters) and rehabilitation of house networks. As mentioned in earlier projects, those projects are not very feasible unless complemented with additional income generating activities. The projects have the advantage. however, of increasing water available to families in rural areas. Table 27. Sumrnary Indicaton for Fertilizer Purnp Project Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 500 Annual pre-project fertiluer wst JD 250 Annual post-project fertiluer JD 100 Cost significantly reduced as a resun of the wst increase in fertilizer application efficiency Annual savings in water wst JD 150 Design life for the project 5 yean Maintenance JD 20 Clearing Table 28. Surnrnary of Feasibility Analysis Fertilizer Purnp Projed End Of lnitial Cost Benefits Net Cash Year Maintenance Flow O -500 O -500 1 o 150 -20 130 2 o 150 -20 130 3 O 150 -20 130 4 O 150 -20 130 5 O 150 -20 130 NPV JD 20 BIC 1 .O4 Recovery S+ years 3.1.17.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen frorn the financia1 analysis. the projects are economically feasible ones, with positive NPVs, and a benefit cost ratios exceeding one. In conclusion the projects have contributed to meeting the objectives in increasing the effciency of water use and agricultura1 production. has reduced farrners expenditures, and benefited nearly 400 individuals. It is recornmended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas. 3.2 WEPlA PROJECTS 3.2.1 Rainwater Harvesting Projects by Jabai Akhdar Society (Ajloun) Al Jabal Al Akhdar is located in the Ajloun Governorate. The cornmunity has only recently becorne se~iced with water. Despite this, water delivery to subscnbers is inefficient, weak, and unreliable, especially in the surnrner. To rnake up for this. the inhabitants usually purchase water via tanks from nearby spnngs. With the high precipitation rates in the area, it was desired to deploy water-harvesting techniques from roof houses, with the water drained into wells, which can be later purnped into roof tanks. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 5.000. which was enough to construct 8 wells at the time with a unit cost of JOD 600 to 750 per well. The rnain benefit of the wells is to reduce beneficiaries' expenditures in purchasing water frorn tanks. With a revolving nature the re-payments have also allowed for the construction of 3 additional wells to reach a total of 11 wells. each with a capacity of 25 to 30 cubic rneters. The ldRC study tearn visited the AL Jabal Al Akhdar Co. Society in Ajloun, rnet the manager. held structured conversations some of the beneficiaries, and then visited sorne well locations. The following sumrnarizes the rnain aspects of the project: The grant is revolving between the beneficiaries in the Society with each farnily re-paying JOD 20 per rnonth. At this rate, after the first year. three wells can be added, which the CBO actually did. This rate would increase as years go by. The project increases water availability for beneficiaries. The project reduces beneficiaries' water expenditures (demand reduced from seven 6-m tanks per family per year to two to three 6-m tanks per family per year). Enable come families to irrigate their yards, thus, increase their incomes Numbers of the direct beneficiaries are 11 households. Numbers of the indirect beneficiaries are 85 persons. Eight new wells can be constructed every three years 3.2.1.1 Econornic Analysis In order to conduct the economic feasibility analyses for the project, the ldRC extracted certain water consumption and expenditure indicators from the beneficiaries during the structured inte~iews. Those indicators would help quantrfy the benefits of the project and conduct its economic feasibility analysis. Table 29 below summarizes those indicators. Table 30 summarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 29. Summaiy lndicators for Jabal Akhdar Water Harvesting Reservoir Project Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 5000 lnitial nurnber of wells 3 additional wells were constructed frorn re￾payrnents Annual pre-project water cost JD 512 7 to 8 tanks per family annually at JD 8 per tank Annual post-project water cost JD 130 2 to 3 tanks per farnily annually atdD 8 per tank Design life for the project 10+ years Table 30. Surnrnary 01 Feasibility Anal* for Jaba1 Akhdar Socieiy End lnitial Cost Benefits Year O -5000 O 1 O 382 2 O 382 3 O 382 4 O 382 5 O 382 6 O 382 7 O 382 8 O 382 9 O 382 1 O O 382 NPV JD -2,400 BIC 0.51 Recovery 10 years ++ 3.2.1.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen frorn the financia1 analysis. and as with other similar projects, rainwater-hawesting cisterns are infeasible unless supplernented by another income generating source. The NPV for this particular endeavor is negative. and the benefit cost ratio is less than 1. This does not indicate, however. a failure of the project. On the contrary, the project has rnet its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use, water availability, has reduced beneficiaries' water-related expenditures. and benefited nearly 80 individuals in the first year. It is recommended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas, especially in locations that are not serviced with water. 3.2.2 Rainwater Hawesting Projects by Al Hilal Society (Ajloun) This CBO is also in the Ajloun Governorate. The cornmunity has also only recently becorne sewiced with water. Despite this. water delivery to subscribers is inefficient. weak, and unreliable, especially in the surnrner. To rnake up for this. the inhabitants usually purchase water via tanks from nearby springs. With the high precipitation rates in the area, it was desired to deploy water-hawesting techniques from high lands, with the water drained into wells and resewoirs for use in domestic and agricultural uses. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 5,150. which was enough to construct 4 wells, rnaintain 6 resewoirs and plant non￾traditional trees at the time with a unit cost of JOD 300 to 600 per beneficiary. The main benefit of the project is to reduce beneficiaries' expenditures in purchasing water from tanks. With a revolving nature the re-payments will allow for the construction of additional projects. The ldRC study team visited the CBO in Ajloun. met the manager, held structured conversations some of the beneficiaries. and visited some wells locations. The following surnmarizes the main aspects of the project: The grant is revolving between the beneficiaries in the Society with each family re-paying JOD 10-20 per month. At this rate, after the first year, four projects can be added. This rate will increase in following years. Project increases water availability for beneficiaries. Project reduces beneficiaries' water expenditures (dernand reduced from ten 12-meter tanks per family per year to only two or three tanks Enables some families to irrigate their yards and increase their incomes e Numbers of the direct beneficiaries are 12 households and 130 penons 3.2.2.1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the economic feasibility analyses for the project, the ldRC extracted certain water consumption and expenditure indicators from the beneficiaries during the structured inte~iews. Those indicators would help quantrfy the benefits of the project and conduct its economic feasibility analysis. Table 31 below summarizes those indicators. Table 32 summarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 31. Surnrnary Indicaton tor Al-Hilal Projed Parameter Value Comments Mal cost JD 5150 lnitial nurnber of wells and reservoirs 10 4 wells and 6 reservoin Nurnber of planted farrns 2 Annual pre-project water cost JD 600 10 tanks per family annually at JD 6 per tank Annual post-project water cost JD 120 2-3 tank per famity annually at JD 6 per tank Annual savings in water cost JD 480 10 new projects added every three yean Design life for the project 10+ years Benefits from Net Cash initiai Cost firSt batch Year Flow O -5150 O -5150 1 O 480 480 2 O 480 480 3 O 480 480 4 O 480 480 5 O 480 480 6 O 480 480 7 O 480 480 8 O 480 480 9 O 480 480 10 O 480 480 NPV JD -1.900 BIC 0.63 Recovery iO+ years 3.2.2.2 Conclusions and Recommendations Again, rainwater-harvesting cisterns are infeasible unless supplemented by another income generating source. The NPV for this particular endeavor is also negative. and the benefit cost ratio is less than 1. This does not indicate. however, failure of the project. ln conclusion the project has met its objective in increasing the efíiciency of water use, has reduced beneficiaries' water-related expenditures and benefited nearly 80 individuals in the first year. It is recommended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas, especially in locations that are not se~i~ed with water. This project also included the growing of non-traditional crops such as Thyme. The quantities produces are rnainly for domestic uses, which may lead to additional. but minor, savings to some families 3.2.3 Therapeutic Pool by Al-Hussein Society (Arnrnan) Al Hussein Society is located in the capital Arnman and its one of the societies that serve children with physical challenges. The physiotherapy pool is one of methods, which is used for children recovery. The CBO needed to rehabilitate the pool. which was suffering frorn excessive water losses from cracks. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 7,000. This was part of the cost needed to rehabilitate the building housing the pool, which cost 50,000 JD. However. this grant contnbuted to a significant portion of water savings as a result WEPIA'S coniribution to the rehabilitation of this therapeutic pool has helped significantly reduce water losses, which has enabled the sociefy to help over 100 dísabled Jordanian children. The ldRC study tearn visited the CBO and toured it. The rnain accomplishments achieved by the project are: t The pool is operating again and has become suitable for children recovery. 4 The rehabilitation elirninated water losses frorn the pool, which at one time reached 30 cubic meters per week. t Nurnbers of beneficiaries exceeds 100 children with physical challenges. 3.2.3.1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the economic feasibility analyses for the project, the luRC extracted certain water consurnption and expenditure indicators frorn the beneficiaries during the structured interviews. Those indicators would help quantrfy the benefits of the project and conduct its economic feasibility analysis. Table 33 below sumrnarizes those indicators. Table 34 summarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 33. Summary lndiwtors for Al-Hussein Project Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 7000 Part of a JD 50.000 cost (14%) Annual pre-project water loss 1560 m3 Valued at JD 2.340 Annual post-project water loss O Annual savings in water cost JD 2,340 Savings mostly atiributed to WEPlA grant Design life for the project 20+ years Financia1 Analysis shown for 5 years only Table 34. Summary of Feasibilily Analysis for Al-Hussein Sociely End Initial Cost Net Cash Flow Year O -7000 -7000 1 O 2.340 2 O 2,340 3 o 2,340 4 o 2.340 5 O 2:340 NPV JD -2.300 WC 1.33 Recovery 3.5 years 3.2.3.2 Conclusions and Recornrnendations As can be seen in the economic analysis, the project is extremely feasible. In addition, it meets the objectives of increasing water efficiency and e¡irninating leakages. thus reducing the expenditures of beneficiaries. The project will recover its expenses, in a very short period of time. The actual lifetirne of the rese~oir will exceed 20 years if well rnaintained. Also. the nature of the project of helping disabled children adds trernendous value to the project. 3.2.4 Drip lrrigation and Water Ha~esting by Productive Women Society (Amman) More than fifteen years ago this project's site was used as a solid waste landfill. The CBO had a vision of rehabilitating the site to plant with drought resistant trees. which would reduce negative environmental irnpact the landfill rnay have had. With reasonable precipitation rates in the area, it was desired to deploy water-hawesting techniques in the project area, with the water drained into 90 cubic meters well. Those waters can be then pumped into a high tank with a 64 cubic meters capacity. Then, water would be delivered to the trees via a drip irrigation network. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 5,000. The main benefit of the project was to create an environmentally sound green area in a previously neglected area. and to increase the efficiency of rainwater utilization, thus minimize any wst related to purchasing water for irrigating the area. The main accomplishments achieved by the project were to increase water availability for the area, and to minimize irrigation water expenditures (demand reduced from twelve 8-m3 tanks per month to four 8-m3 tanks per month). This translated into an annual water savings valued at JD 1150 (saving 8 water tanks with a capacity of 8-m3 each). Table 35 below summarizes the economic feasibility analysis for the project. Table 35. Summary of FeasibiliW Analysis for Productive Women SoUeb End Initial Cost Net Cash Flow Year 10 O 1150 NPV JD 2700 BIC 1.5 Recovery 5 years As seen in the table, it can be concluded that the project meets its objectives in terms of reducing water. promoting water efficiency techniques. and promoting healthy environments. Again, such a project has the advantage of creating an environmentally friendly area in a rather urban congested area. 3.2.5 Water Efficiency Awareness by Cultural Society for Youth and Childhood (Arnrnan) The project implemented by this CBO entailed the conduct of a series of workshops centered around water efficiency. The target population of the workshops was university students. The CBO hosted a number of workshops where they invited university students and key speakers. The workshops also entailed training of trainers to conduct future workshops From the field visit conducted by the study team it was concluded that although the idea of the workshops may have been sound. it is not sustainable. It is recommended that such projects be only awarded to educational institutions to guarantee sustainability. Utilizing the grant to fund the creation of a new college course (elective) on water eíficiency would have had more sustainable effects 3.2.6 Resewoir Construction and Pipe Network by Bseira Society (Tafeelah) Bseira is located Tafeelah. Although heavily planted with different types of trees, irrigation activities rely on nearby spring that flows to the farms by gravity. which was an inefficient method to deliver water to the farms. The CBO applied for a grant to construct two rese~oirs with capacities of 28 and 1.5 cubic meters, respectively. In addition. it was desired to supplement the rese~oirs with a 3-inch 500-meter plastic pipeline to deliver water to the farms. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 4600, which was not enough to complete the entire project. The CBO and the beneficiaries contributed an extra JD 1100 to complete it. The main beneffis of the project were to reduce water loss, increase the efficiency of water delivery. and increase the water available for irrigation in the nearby farms. The site visits revealed that the project increased water availability for beneficianes and reduced water losses and served nearly 350 donums of planted area. Some of the inte~iews held indicated that some beneficiaries' incomes increased by as much as 20% as a result of irrigating their yards. The number of the direct beneficianes was estimated at 70 households, while the number of the indirect beneficiaries is estimated at 700 persons. 3.2.6.1 Economic Analysis A reservoir and water delivery main have helped Bseira fannen double their irrigation frequencies and increase the productivity of their fams as a result Table 36 below surnrnarizes the econornic indicators used to quantify the benefits of the project according to feedback received frorn beneficianes, while. Table 37 surnrnarizes the cash flow values and econornic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime Table 36. Summary lndicators for Bseira Projed Parameter Value Cornments lnitial cost JD 5700 JD4600+ JD1100 Planted area 350 donums Pre-project monthly irrigation 1 frequency Post-project monthly irrigation 2-3 frequency lncreased imgation raised incorne by 15 to JD 1450 20%. which was estimated at JD100 p2r a 5 donums plot Maintenance JD 40 Cleaning rese~oir and fixing any ruptures Design life for the project 10+ years Table 37. Surnrnary of Feasibility Analpis for Bseira Socieiy Net Cash lnitial Cost Maintenance Benefits Flow Year 1 O O 40 1400 1360 NPV JD 3.400 SIC 1.6 Recovery 5.5 yeafs 3.2.6.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen frorn the financia1 analysis, the project is an econornically feasible one, with a positive NPV, and a benefit cost ratio exceeding one. In conclusion the project has met its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use, has increased famers incomes and benefited nearly 800 individuals in the first year. It is recornrnended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas 3.2.7 Well Drilling and Water Hawesting in Zahra Charitable Society (Karak) Already introduced as part of the projects funded by the AEDIFAJVDB, this CBO also received a grant frorn WEPlA to construct water ha~esting cistems. The grant received by this CBO was JD 6,300, which was enough to const~ct anumber new wells and rehabilitate old wells at unit costs of JD 600 and JD 300 respectively. In total, 17 wells were operated in houses and in farrns. The rnain beneffi of the wells is to reduce beneficiaries' expenditures in purchasing water frorn tanks. With a revolving nature, the re-payrnents will allow for the construction of additional wells The laRC study team visited the Al Zahra Society in Karak, rnet the manager and visited sorne well locations. The following surnrnarizes the rnain aspects of the project: The grant is revolving between the beneficiaries in the Society with each family re-paying JOD 20 per month. The number of the direct beneficiaries are 17 households and number of the indirect beneficiaries are 200 persons. The project increases water availability for beneficiaries and reduces beneficiaries' water expenditures (demand reduced from up to thirty 3-m tanks per family per year to ten or twenty 3-m tanks per family per year). Enable some families to irrigate their yards and orchards, thus, increase their incomes. Three of the wells have been supplemented by drip imgation networks, which has allowed owners to grow vegetables. An increase of JD 10 to 15 in the owners' monthly incorne was reported. 3.2.7.1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the economic feasibility analyses for the project, the ldRC extracted certain water consumption and expenditure indicators frorn the beneficiaries during the structured interviews. Those indicators would help quant'i the benefits of the project and conduct its economic feasibility analysis. Table 38 below summarizes those indicators. Table 39 summarizes the cash flow values and economic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 38. Summary Indicaton for Al Zahra Water Hawesting Reserroir Projed Parameter Value Comments lnitial wst JD 6.300 lnitial number of welis 17 Sorne are new dnllings and sorne are rehabilitations Annual pre-project water cost JD 1700 20-30 tanks per farnily annually at JD 5 per tank Annual post-project water cost JD 850 10 to 20 tanks per farniiy annualiy at JD 5 per tank Annual savings in water cost JD 850 3 farmeffi growing vegetables eaming JD 10 !o 15 per month, additional annual benefit JD 360 Design life for the project 10+ years 3.2.7.2 Conclusions and Recornmendations As can be seen from the financia1 analysis. the project is an economically feasible one, with a positive NPV, and a very high benefit cost ratio. In conclusion the project has met its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use. has reduced farrners expenditures and benefited nearly 200 individuals in the first year. It is recornrnended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas. Unlike other rainwater harvesting cisterns, this project was feasible because it was cornplernented with irrigation activities to grow vegetables. which has yielded an additional incorne. This supports the recornrnendations rnade on other cistern projects calling for supporting thern with incorne generating activities. Table 39. Summary of Feasibility Analysis for Al Zahra S-ty Benefits from Net Cash End lnitial Cost Benetits vegetables, Flow Year O -6300 O -6300 1 O 850 360 1210 2 O 850 360 1210 3 O 850 360 1210 4 O 850 360 1210 5 O 850 360 1210 6 O 850 360 1210 7 O 850 360 1210 8 O 850 360 1210 9 O 850 360 1210 10 O 850 360 1210 NPV JD 1800 BIC 1.28 Recovery 7 years ' See Table 38 for explanation 3.2.8 Water Harvesting in Srnakiyah Charitable Society (Karak) Smakiyah Society was one of the first CBOs to work with the WEPlA grants prograrn. Srnakiyah is a srnall town in the Karak Governorate. It is serviced with water but water delivery to subscribers is ineíficient, weak, and unreliable. especially in the surnrner. To rnake up for this, the inhabitants usually purchase water via tanks frorn nearby springs. It was desired to deploy water-harvesting techniques from roof houses, with the water drained into wells, which can be later purnped into roof tanks and used for irrigating areas mainly grown with olive trees. The total size of the grant received by this CBO was JD 3.500. which was enough to construct 7 wells at the time. The main benefit of the wells is to reduce beneficiaries' expenditures in purchasing water frorn tanks and to increase water availability for domestic use and for irrigation. With a revolving nature, the re-payrnents will allowed for the construction of additional wells. To date. and additional 12 wells have been driiled and are operational. The ldRC study tearn visited the Srnakiyah Society in Karak, rnet the administrative board, visited some well locations and spoke with the beneficiaries. The following sumrnarizes the rnain aspects of the project: The grant is revolving between the beneficiaries in the Society with each farnily re-paying JOD 23 per month. The project increases water availability for beneficiaries. The project reduces beneficiaries' water expenditures (demand reduced from up to ten 4-m tanks per farnily per year to three or four 4-m tanks per farnily per year). The reason for such significant reduction is that sorne of the beneficiaries rnatched their loans from the CBO and buiR 70 meter wells. which helped significantly reduce the water expenditure. Enable some farnilies to irrigate their orchards, thus, increase their incornes. Some of the wells serve olive orchards. Nurnbers of the direct beneficiaries are 19 households Nurnbers of the indirect beneficiaries are nearly 230 persons. 3.2.8.1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the econornic feasibility analyses for the project. the ldRC extracted certain water consurnption and expenditure indicators frorn the beneficiaries during the structured inte~iews. Those indicators would help quantrfy the benefits of the project and conduct its economic feasibility analysis. Table 40 below surnrnarizes those indicators. Table 41 sumrnarizes the cash flow values and econornic feasibility results for the project over its lifetime. Table 40. Summaiy lndicators for Smakiyah Water Hawesfing Rese~oir Projecl Parameter Value Cornrnents lnitial cost JD 3,500 lnitial nurnber of wells 12 new wells have been added with revohnng 7 the grants. at a rate of nearly seven wells every two years 10-12 tanks per farnily annually at JD 6 per Annual pre-project water cost JD 504 tank (this is the wst incuned by the first seven beneficianes) 3-4 tanks per farnily annually at JD 6 per tank Annual post-project water cost JD 126 (this is the wst incuned by the first seven beneficianes) Annual savings in water wst JD 378 Savings for the first seven beneficianes Design life for the project 10+ years 3.2.8.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As with other rainwater-ha~esting cisterns, the investrnent is infeasible unless supplemented by another income generating source. The NPV for this grant is also negative, and the benefit cost ratio is less than 1. This does not indicate. however. failure of the project. The project has rnet its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use. has reduced beneficiaries' water-related expenditures and benefited nearly 80 individuals in the first year. It is recornrnended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas, especially in locations that are not WNi~ed with water. For instance, one of the beneficiaries added money to his grant to enable hirn to irrigate an olive orchard near his house, which will help improve his income from the farrn. Tabk 41. Summary of Feasibilrty Analysis for Smakijah Coaety Benefits (First Net Cash O' lnitial ~ost Batch, Year Flow 1 O O 378 378 NPV JD -900 BIC 0.72 Recovery ID+ yeam 3.2.9 Reservoir Construction in Eyinah Charitable Socieíy (Karak) The Eyinah area in Karak is one of the poorest areas in the south. The area receives its water from a nearby spring, from which the discharged water is conveyed by cement canals to the olive orchards in the area. The spring is owned by the landowners who have an agreement regarding water turns and imgation tums. Generally, each farm receives 10 hours of water flow every 33 days. However, a farm can only absorb 5 hours worth of flow. This causes the remaining 5 hours' flow to be wasted, unless it is stored in a resewoir. Some farmers without resewoirs often trade their unused hours with a neighbor in exchange fora similar number of hours when the neighbor receives his water. This however. often causes confusion and has led to conflicts in the past. The CBO received a WEPIA grant of JD 6,000 to construct six 30 cubic meter resewoirs. To date, 4 resewoirs have been constructed and the remaining two are expected to be completed soon. The main benefits of the resewoirs are as follows Ability to store half of the water allocated to each farm per irrigation and the ability to irrigate once very 16 days instead of every 33 days. Relieve the farmers from having to purchase additional water in the surnmer time for supplementary irrigation (estimated at JD 180 per farm annually) Prornoted solidarity among farrners where some farmers are cooperating and cornbining their reservoirs for rnaximurn benefit New reservoin in Eiynah have helped farmers improve the utilization of their water rights, reducing the complications resulting from the issue of trading and selling water rights among them. The fund is revolving, with the farmer paying off half the grant at JD 20 rnonthly payrnents. At this rate, six new rese~oirs can be added every four years. Every rese~oir benefits at least 4 households with an average household size of 5 people. 3.2.9.1 Economic Analysis In order to conduct the econornic feasibility analyses for the project, the ldRC extracted certain water consurnption and expenditure indicators frorn the beneficiaries during the structured interviews. Those indicators would help quantiify the benefits of the project and conduct its econornic feasibility analysis. Table 42 below surnrnarizes those indicators. Table 43 summarizes the cash flow values and econornic feasibility results for the project over its lifetirne. 3.2.9.2 Conclusions and Recommendations As can be seen frorn the financia1 analysis, the project is an econornically feasibie one, with a positive NPV, and a benefit cost ratio significantly higher than 1. In conclusion the project has rnet its objective in increasing the efficiency of water use. has reduced famiers expenditures and benefited nearly 70 individuals in the first year. It is recornrnended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas. Table 42. Summary lndicators for Eiynah Reservoir Projeci Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost lnitial nurnber of wells JD 6000 The amount invested in 4 rese~oin is 4000 6 Six new wells can be added every four years Annual pre-project water cost Cost of purchasing 3 houn worih of discharge JD at JD 60 per hour Annual post-project water cost N/A Annual savings in water cost JD 1080 Savings for the fint seven beneficianes Design life for the project 10+ yean Table 43. Summary of Feasibility Analysls for Eiynah Swety Benef& Benef& Net Cash Benefits (First (Cecond End initiai tost Batch, Year (Third Batch) Batch) Flow O 6000 O -6000 1 O 1080 1080 2 O 1080 1080 3 O 1080 1080 4 O 1080 1 080 5 O 1080 1080 2160 6 O 1080 1080 2160 7 O 1080 1080 2160 8 O 1080 1080 2160 9 O 1080 1080 1080 3240 1 O O 1 080 1080 1 080 3240 NPV JD SO00 BIC 1.9 Recovery 5.5 years 3.2.9 Water Efficiency Projects by Rural Wornen Cooperative Society (Balqa) Already presented in the previous section, this CBO also received a grant frorn the WEPlA community grants prograrn. One of the projects implernented under this grant was the construction of a pool for the water delivered by the Jordan Valley Authority to be stored in, prior to use for irrigation. Before wnstructing the pool, the beneficiary directly applied the water delivered by the JVA to the green houses in this 23-donum farm. The main aspects of this project are: The grant is revolving The project increases water efficiency as follows: Prior to the project the beneficiary received water twice a week for 10 hours each time. This allowed the beneficiary to imgate 5 greenhouses out of 20 each time. Afier the project. with the ability to store water, the beneficiary can imgate the entire farm (Le., 20 greenhouses) with the same amount of water. At a design flow of 9 liters per second the total water delivered per 10 hours is 324 cubic meters used to irrigate 5 green houses. most of which is wasted. The same amount is now used to imgate 20 green houses (Le., water application efficiency has quadrupled), since the pool enables the storage of nearly 400 cubic meters. With the help of this Reservoir, Um Abdullah can im'gate 15 additional green houses using the same amount of water. 3.2.9.1 Economic Analysis Tables 44 and 45 sumrnarize the economic indicators and econornic feasibility analyses for the reservoir Table 27. Surnmary lndicators for Reservair PrOjeQ Parameter Value Comments lnitial cost JD 500 JD 230 Water required to imgate entire fam (4'324 = Annual post-project water cost 1296 cubic meten) iwice a week for 6 rnonths JD 60 Water required to imgate entire fam (324 Annual post-project water cost cubic rneters) iwice a week for 6 months Annual savings in water wst JD 170 Design life for the project 5 years Maintenance JD 40 Clearing Table 28. Surnmary of Feasibility Anafyais Feriiluer Pump Projed End lnitial Cost Benefitt Net Cash Maintenance Flow Year 5 O 170 -40 130 NPV JD 20 BIC 1.04 Recovery S years 3.2.9.2 Conclusions and Recornrnendations As can be seen from the financia1 analysis, the project is economically feasible. with positive NPV, and a benefit cost ratios exceeding one. This project has contributed to meeting the objectives in increasing the eficiency of water use and agricultura1 production, and has reduced farrner's expenditures. lt is recornrnended that such projects be duplicated in surrounding areas. 3.3 GENERAL REMARKS AND FEEDBACK ON THE PROJECTS As can be seen in the project feasibility studies presented in the previously sections, the majority of the projects are econornically sound and feasible. Although some were more feasible than others, or had a stronger irnpact in tens of benefns, the majority of the projects were recoverable. The projects that were found infeasible, or had a very weak economic feasibility were not so due to the failure of the project. The reason was mostly the insufficiency of the grants. which often led to the scope of the project to be reduced (e.g., sorne of the water rnain projects in the south). This had an impact on the benefits and affected the projects feasibil@. The insufticiency of the grant sometimes prevented the project from becoming fully operational; thus, demonstrate any econornic feasibility (e.g. water reservoir in Madaba). ln other projects, the consultant believes that the grant could have been more propedy allocated and the scope of the work reduced. For instance the rehabiliation of the 14 springs in Madaba without the construction of retaining walls. The consuitant believes that rehabilitating a fewer springs with retaining walls would have a more sustainable irnpact. However, frorn a holistic perspective, the monitored projects were successful and had the following properties: 6 Projects were mostly cornrnunity based rather than individually based. Even sorne of the individual projects eventually reflected on a wider base through revolving grants. 4 The projects decreased water related expenditures through increasing water availability, thus minimizing the need for acquiring or purchasing water by beneficiaries. t The projects increased the incomes of beneficiaries through increasing the efficiency of water delivery, thus, improving farm yields. The increase of water availability also increased incornes through providing the beneficianes with the ability to irrigate areas that were other wise less irrigable. t The projects with a wide beneficiary base prornoted the principies of shanng water and irnportance of jointly preserving this valuable resource. t The rnajority of the projects are econornically sound and feasible and can be easily expanded to a wider base and duplicated in other areas of Jordan. As rnentioned before, structured inte~iews were held with beneficiaries. sorne of their farnily rnernbers, and CBO adrninistrators. The purpose of such inte~iews was to gather inforrnation regarding the attitudes towards the cornrnunity grants prograrn and an atternpt to capture benefits from the beneficiaries perspective. The results of those surveys revealed the following: + Al1 respondents were supportive of the principle of cornrnuntty grants, with nearly 50% supportive of the principle of revolving the grants. + The average nurnber of direct beneficiaries per grant is 54. + The average nurnber of indirect beneficiaries per grant is 350. mhe average proportion of water consewation per grant is 45%. + The average increase in incorne per grant is 27%. + The rnajority of the difficulties were faced during construction + AIl beneficiaries and CBOs indicated that the size of the grant was not adequate to complete the project in the desired scope. 4 Nearly 25% of the respondents indicated that the training workshops needed to focus more on the conduct of feasibility studies for proposed projects. + The following were identified as needed future projects o Reservoirs and wells construction 37% of respondents, o Channels and pipes lining 21% of respondents, o Retaining walls construction 10% of respondents, o Green house 26% of respondents, o Others 6% of respondents, 3.4 SOClOECONOMlC ASPECTS The econornic soundness and feasibility of rnost of the projects assessed under this study is a clear indication that the prograrn had significant socioeconornic irnpacts on the beneficiary cornrnunities. This section attempts to identify the socioeconornic factors that were affected by the project and the rnanner in which they were affected. CBO Credibility and Local Community Solidarity The irnplernentation of the projects through local CBOs helped a significant nurnber of thern in establishing and reinforcing their credibility in the local comrnunities. During some of the field visits to the various projects and CBOs, the study tearn was informed that the nurnbers of mernbers in sorne CBOs increased significantly as a result of the projects. Such trend indicates that rnernbers of local cornmunities who had not believed in the local CBO have changed their views once on-the-ground projects were realized. The impact of such trend lies in the strengthening of the local CBOs as a result of the increased membership base. A higher rnernbership base translates into stronger financia1 capability, which would help a CBO perform and finance larger numbers of projects and pursue additional grant program opportunities. The study team rnet beneficiaries who previously had no faith in CBOs and would not even consider visiting or meeting with rnernbers of the CBO. Once projects were operational and the benefits realized, such individuals completely changed their views. Furthermore, the success of the revolving loans principle and the cornrnitrnent of the beneficiaries is an indication of solidarity among cornrnunity rnernbers and the desire to rnaxirnize the benefits of such grant prograrns to include the highest number of beneficiaries. Employment, Local Business, and Local lndustries The irnplernentation of the projects created several ernployment opportunities during construction and sometimes even after the cornpletion of the project. Construction laborers were often hired from the local community. in addition. the rnajority of the contractors irnplernenting the project were local contractors who purchased the construction materials from local business establishments, thus, wntributing to the econorny of the local cornrnunity. The continuation of such programs by the Ministry of Planning would be of significant irnportance in the process of poverty alleviation in the rural areas. The program had a significant positive irnpact on the sustainability of the agriculture sector in some governorates. Agriculture is a local industry in almost eveiy rural area in Jordan. The benefits gained by the projects are a step towards presewing such industry in rnany local communities in Jordan. lncome and Reduction of Expenditures As seen frorn the feasibility analyses of the various projects, a significant nurnber of beneficiaries were able to reduce their expenditures. Aithough unsuccessful in obtaining incorne figures, the study tearn docurnented trernendous savings in expenditures related to water use in agriculture and dornestic uses. The decrease in expenditure translates in an increase in incorne. Also, even the project that had no effect on expenditures (e.g., projects that only irnproved the efficiency of water deliver) had a significant impact on productivity both in terms of quanttty and quality. The irnprovernent in productivity also translates into irnprovements in farnily incornes. Natural Resources Due to its scarcity, the rnost valuable natural resource in Jordan is water. The success of the prograrn in prese~ing water and increasing its efficiency of use is an irnportant tool in cornbating water shortages in Jordan. The econornies of ~ral cornrnunities in Jordan are heavily reliant on the agriculture industry. Prograrns assisting in the prese~ation of such a resource in rural areas have positive irnpacts on the econornic standing of such cornmunities. Gender As mentioned in an earlier chapter, one of the grantee selection criteria was gender. Wornen based organizations were given priority in grant approval. This prograrn was an opportunity to build the capacity of wornen based CBOs in the rnanagernent of cornrnunity grants and incorne irnprovernent projects. This experience will enable such CBOs to pursue additional funds and implernent additional projecis in the future, which will help improve the social and incorne standing of women in the rural areas of Jordan. Chapter 4:CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The rnain objective of this study was to monitor and evaluate a sample of the projects irnplernented through iwo cornmunity grants prograrns. Those were the AEDIFAJVDB Ministry of Planning's EPPlClP fund. and the WEPIA project's cornrnunity grants prograrn. The evaluation was rnet through docurnentation and quantification of irnprovements resulting frorn the irnplernented projects. Other objectives of the study were to study various performance indicators. Generally speaking. the prograrn was very successful in meeting its preset objectives. In total, 68 grants were awarded to CBOs in the eight target governorates through the FAJVDBIAED prograrn, and 27 grants were awarded through the WEPIA cornrnunity grants prograrn in 10 governorates. This by far exceeded the original nurnber of grants intended. Also. the rnajority of the grants were cost shared by the CBOs, which is indicative of the ability of Jordanian CBOs to irnplernent projects if co-financed by donor agencies. Another interesting issue is that a good proportion of the grants were awarded as revolving grants, which is indicative of the CBOs approach to rnaxirnizing the benefits of grants obtained from various entities. Another achievernent of the project is the training that was conducted for over 200 CBOs in proposal preparation, financia1 rnanagement, and project supe~ision. Such training is believed to be an asset for such CBOs in terrns of pursuing future grants and participating in future similar prograrns. The nurnber of farnilies benefiting frorn the prograrn exceeded preset goal of 2000 farnilies. The assessrnents clearly indicated that the projects increased the incornes of the beneficiaries. Unfortunately, the rnajority of the beneficiaries met during the assessrnents were hesitant to reveal figures on their incornes. However, reductions in expenditures were evident and significant as will be seen in the detailed assessrnents in the following sections. It should be rnentioned that the level of success for sorne projects was not as significant as others. The rnajority of the infeasible projects were the rainwater ha~esting cistern projects. It is a known fact that those projects are econornically infeasible, however, they do increase water availability and sornewhat reduce expenditures. If coupled with additional incorne generating activities, these projects can turn out to be very feasible. as seen in the projects implemented by Zahraa society in Karak. Also, some CBOs received grants that should have been supplemented with additional funds from other sources. The non-pursuit of such additional funds sometimes downscaled the benefits of such projects and hindered them from realizing their full potential. It is recommended that future programs provide orientation to local CBOs on the availability of funds through governmental and non￾governmental organizations, and to provide them with training to pursue such funds. Other sources of below-expected success included in-experience. For example, come projects entailed the growing and marketing of new crops. The commundy grants scope did not include marketing issues. It is believed that had such CBOs solicited help from agricultura1 marketing entities such as the Jordan Exportes and Producers of Fruits and Vegetables or the Ministry of Agriculture. more financia1 benefits would have been achieved. Now that their capacity in fund management has been built, it is also recommended that the Farrners Association pufsue additional funding resources to complete unfinished projects and finance new projects. RANDOM SAMPLE PROPOSED FOR FAJVDB MONlTORlNG AND EVALUATION w Guidelines for selecting sample A rninimurn sarnple of 25% of the project population (exceeds 95" percentile requirernents) il Geographic distribution of sarnple in accordance with actual distnbution of projects among governorates m Nature of project given consideration (5 categories were identified) Selection purely randorn using the Microsoft Excel Random Number m Generaton Function Nurnber Proportion ID 1 GOvern. 1 of~rojects 1 01 tiniverse i u l I I - 1 .I Ptince Rashed 2.5007 1 2 1 11.7% h, I Required Nurnber 2 I 4 5 6 7 Rounded TAFEELAH 1 I 1 - 3 1 O 1.9992 KARAK 14.71% 2.5007 MADABA MAFRAQ BALQM AJLOUN 2.5007 ( 2 1 117% ( East of Mairaq Badivah Dev. 1 Proporüon 8 1 1 CBO's 11.76% 2 3 8 1 O 3 8 1.9992 1 2 1 11.7% 1 Farrners Union Fahma Zahraa Dhana Soc. Kanna Soc. 17.6% Fajj Soc. 11.76% 14.71% 4.41% 11.76% Aqsa Soc 1 9992 1 1 1 ubneh Soc 2.7506 3 2 Reef Ladies Soc. 0.7497 1 5.8%