US A I DIFERU 
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE CLOSEOUT REPORT 
Date: June 28,2002 
1. SO NAME Sr NUMBER: 
"Broader Citizen Participation in Democratic Processes " (SO 527-001) ' 
2. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF SO: 
Nationwide, with emphasis on indigenous groups. women, minorities and the poor. 
3. CHANGES IN RESULTS FRAMEWORK DURING THE LIFE OF SO: 
As part of the R4 Review in 1998 in Washington, USAID/Peru was asked to review its strategic approach 
and redirect its democracy strategy if necessary. As result of the review, the SO1 Team continued to 
implement its program but made some "tactical" (as opposed to strategic) adjustments to enhance the 
program's impact through 2000: 
IR 1: Strengthened Selected National Institutions: to reflect limited assistance provided to the Ofice 
of the Controller General a. Strengthening institutions that were part of a government that showed 
no respect for democratic processes and institutions was not considered a sound approach. Support to 
GOP institutions like the Office of the Ombudsman and to the Legal Clinics and Conciliation Centers 
of the Ministry of Justice was included under IR 2 Increased Access to Justice. 
l[R 4: Citizens Better Prepared to Exercise their Rights and Responsibilitik: 
Emphasis was given to election participation and observation for the year 2000 presidential and 
congressional elections. The challenge was to reach the greatest possible number of Peruvians with 
messages about their rights and responsibilities, the importance of democratic institutions and 
processes, and the need for them to participate in the electoral debate leading to the electoral process. 
The principal goal was that in the 2000 elections, Peruvian citizens would vote for those candidates 
who best represented them, were open to debate and participation, respected the rule of law and had 
sound socioeconomic proposals. 
4, SO-LEVEL IMPACT (EXPECTED VS. ACTUAL): 
SO1 strategy to broaden citizen participation in democratic processes in Peru targeted its efforts to 
address the limited participation of individuals and community groups from decision-making processes 
affecting their lives. With this objective, SO 1 implemented a demand-based strategy oriented to: 
(1)promote the effectiveness of selected key GOP institutions; (2) provide greater access to justice; (3) 
increase the responsiveness of local governments to its constituents; and (4) prepare citizens to better 
exercise their rights and responsibilities. This strategy was designed under the assumption that President 
Fujimori regime wouId be committed to undertake democratic reforms, initiate the building of a modem 
participatory democracy and modernize governmental structures. 
After the first eighteen months of implementation, a new dimension of the democracy problem in Pent 
was evident: the political will to continue democratic reforms declined, as reflected in the over￾concentration of power in the executive, and in the interventionist actions of the government. In spite of 
the existing context, SO 1 strategy of working to build demand from civil society proved to be the correct 
approach, with slight redirection of activities (as mentioned in item 3). 
Overall, SO1 met the most important of its revised expectations, although the PMP was never formally 
revised to reflect the changes emphasis. The assistance provided to Civil Society Organizations in 
support of the objective of increasing awareness of Peruvians about their rights and responsibilities and 
providing greater opportunities for them to participate in decision-making processes produced results. and 
facilitated the restoration of Democracy in Peru. Major results at the SO level are presented below: 
Significant strengthening of human rights organizations and an increased number of Peruvians 
knowledgeable about their human rights and responsibilities. 
Performance in the area of electora1 participation is reflected in the success of efforts in 2000 and the 
extraordinary 2001 electoral processes. Peruvian citizens from around the country were actively 
drawn into pre-election civic participation activities, and the percentage of valid votes cast in the 
general elections increased from 61% and 36% in 1995 (for Presidential and Congressional 
respectiveIy) to 7 1% and 63% in 2001. 
In 2000, USAID support for civil society's involvement in the elections and electoral observation and 
supervision helped to point out the irregdarities during the process, and brought national and 
international pressure to bear on President Fujimori. As a result, after his controversial victory, the 
Organization of American States (OAS) issued a list of specific recommendations for democratic 
reforms, which was accepted by all political groups. A subsequent series of events, which publicized 
corruption actions, resulted in a weakened Fujimori calling for new elections, his resignation and 
removal from office, followed by a transitional government that took office in late November 2000. 
In 2001, with limited time to design and develop a program, USAID was able to support this 
extraordinary election process providing key technical assistance for newly named electoral bodies, 
supporting extensive electoral education programs, and organizing international and domestic 
observation. The international observers considered the electoral process as an example of free, fair 
and transparent elections. 
IR-LEVEL IMPACT (EXPEC'ED VS. ACTUAL): 
IR # 1: Strengthened Selected National Institutions 
Audit Capabilities of the Ofice of the Controller General of Peru were enhanced. In 1997 the 
Controller General was certified by the USAID Regional Inspector General as a Supreme Audit 
Institution, capable to audit USAID programs. The World Bank, IDB and lNE!SCO followed 
USAID's lead in authorizing the CG to audit their programs. 
The Office of the Ombudsman was strengthened and its geographical coverage was expanded through 
the establishment of decentralized offices and mobile units. This institution became the most highly 
respected state institution in Peru. 
IR # 2: Increased Access to Justice 
During the strategy period, and as a result of the assistance provided to the Office of the Ombudsman 
and the Instituto de Defensa Legal (DL), a total of 2,432 citizens unjustly accused of terrorism were 
reIeased from prison between 1996 and 2001. (If compared with the original baseline of 1,237 
incarcerated citizens in 1995, USAID has surpassed its own targets. However, MGO groups -DL 
and ORES- continued to identify which of those persons who entered prison on charges of terrorism 
or treason after 1995 they believed to be unjustly accused. As a result of this effort, in 2000 a revised 
baseline was established: 359 people unjustly imprisoned were still incarcerated. Based on this new 
baseline, USAID target for 2001 was 50, in spite of USAID effons 160 people still remain 
incarcerated.) 
Free legal and conciliation services were provided to the poor in more than 150,000 civil cases (60% 
of them related to domestic violence and child support cases brought by women) by the 26 legal 
clinics/conciliation centers established by the Ministry of Justice. 
Through its support to human rights organizations, including the Ombudsman, the National Human 
Rights Coordinator (NCHR), IPEDEW and other local organizations USALO trained more than 
2,100 community human rights promoters nationwide, who helped increase citizen's awareness of 
their rights and responsibilities in their communities. Based largely on USAID'S efforts. 41% of 
disadvantaged groups have a high degree of knowledge of their basic democratic rights and 
responsibilities (as compared to 11% in 1996). 
Other Accomplishments: 
USAD played an active role in promoting respect for human rights, leading support to key human 
rights organizations and promoting synergies between the Office of the Ombudsman and civil society 
groups. 
Although the Mission's indicator for progress on human rights is focused on the number of 
incarcerated innocents released from prison, the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Co~ssion 
as result of muhiple effort of the Human Rights community lead. by the NCm and the Ombudsman, 
contributes to the increase of access to justice in Peru. 
IR # 3: More Responsive Local Governments 
Through the Alternative Development Program, USAID provided assistance to the &Iunicipal 
Association of the San Martin Region (AMRESAM) composed of 77 municipalities, to strenaghen its 
management capacity, develop plans and budgets with the participation of municipal authorities, 
community leaders and representatives of public and private Iocal institutions, and provide it with 
mechanisms to increase citizen participation. Support was also given to the Municipal Association of 
the Apurirnac River Vailey (AMUWUE) am association of 7 municipalities, to reinforce its operating 
capacity, and help to improve basic social services to be administered by them 
As a result of the 1998 municipal elections, women's participation in local government decision 
making processes as elected officials increased 18% at the national level, and 24% in USAID assisted 
provinces. 
IR # 4: Citizens Better Prepared to exercise their Rights and Responsibilities 
The percent of people who know where to go to protect their rights increased from 77% in 1996 to 
82% in 2001. Even though dramatic changes in Peruvian democracy stimulated public interest in the 
basic rights of citizens, the USAID target of 88% could not k met. 
The percentage of citizens from disadvantaged groups who know their basic rights and 
responsibilities increased from 11% in 1996 to 41% in 2001, greatly exceeding the Mission target of 
16%. 
Through PROMUJER's electoral activities, more than 30,000 women in 8 departments benefited 
from electoral education directed specifically at women voters and women candidates. In 2000, the 
number of women (25) elected to Congress almost doubled with respect to 1995, the actual 
percentage of 22% exceeded USAlD's target of 20%. In 2001, as result of the new voting system 
which included multiple districts for the first time in several years and the failure to respect the quota 
law in three districts, only 22 women were elected to Congress (equivalent to 18% below the 
expected target of 22%). 
Other Accomplishnents: 
With USAID support, more than 1,000 teachers and 80,000 students were trained in civic education, 
establishing mock municipalities in 82 public schools of Lima and Ayacucho. 500 students elected as 
school representatives were also trained as democracy leaders. 
LESSONS LEARNED IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SO: 
At the beginning of the strategy period, the SO 1 Team decided to work directly with local civil 
society organizations rather than using umbrella mechanisms (such as the agreements with GNPO de 
Analisis para el Desarrollo - GRADE and Catholic Relief Services - CRS). Even though this decision 
may have caused more administrative work for the Mission, it also provided an opportunity for the 
Mission to become more involved with Iocat organizations and partners working on key democracy 
issues in a particular period of Peruvian history. 
USAID also developed an excellent working relationship with other donor organizations through the 
Democracy Donors Working Group (Grupo de Gobernabilidad) that USAID helped to form. The 
formation of the Donors Group supported discussion of individual assistance programs in order to 
avoid duplication of efforts and seek opportunities for synergies. 
SO 1 Team experience with selected government organizations (the Comptroller General. the 
Ombudsman, MinJus, ONPE) was good. However, existing adminisn-ative/financial procedures 
common to ail GOP institutions delayed implementation in all the cases. Also frequent changes in 
government authorities and personnel made capacity building a problem. 
Mechanisms and methodologies used in previous Local Government Development activities should 
be considered when developing new approaches related to de~entalizationlstren~othening local 
governments/community participation beyond the SO5 area of focus. 
SO 1 support for the formation of consortium of local NGO's proved to be a successful mdel, such 
as in the cases of PROMUJER, CIDElTarea in Civic Education and IDS/Red TV Cultura, while 
reducing USAID'S management burden. In addition to similar collaborative efforts or "hbrelIa 
agreements", future SO activities should also consider the promotion of greater synergy, coordination 
and collaboration among counterpart organizations. 
The overall strategy should be shared with principal counterparts and contacts to enable them become 
famiIiar with USAID objectives and discuss priority issues and ways to achieve greater synergies. 
The Mission shouId ensure that democratic approaches (participation, transparency & accountability) 
are incorporated into all areas of USATD/Peru portfolio. This effort would enable the development of 
increased cross-sectorai linkages between the Democracy SO and other SOs, identifying opportunities 
for joint activities to attain complementary objectives. 
LIST OF EVALUATIONS/SPECIAL STUDIES: 
Peru: Proceso Democriitico 1992 - 1997,ODI (FSN Activity Managers), 1997 
Evaluation of USAIDPem's Democracy Education Activities, MSI, March 2000 
Assessment of Democracy and Governance in Peru, MSI, March 2000 
IEP Democracy Surveys: 1998, 1999 and 2001 
Peru: Rule of Law Achievements Report, MSI, December 2001 
ESTIMATED OTHER DONOR/PARTNER/COUNTERPART CONTRIBUTIONS: 
- Government institutions like the Ministry of Justice, Office of the ~rnbud&tan, Office of the 
Controller General, ONPE and JNE provided "h-kind" Counterpart Contributions. - USAID along with the Canadian International DeveIopment Agency (CIDA) took the lead to form a key donor 
coordination group made up of more than 25 international cooperation agencies and embassies to coordinate 
elections assistance, other donors provided approx. $7 million for the elections process. Full inforrna~ion on 
other donor support for human rights activities in not available. 
PEOPLE DIRECTLY INVOLVED WITH THE SO: 
10. LIFE OF SO FUNDING: 
CSD 
PL 480 
ESF 
rNL 
USAID TOTAL 
Note: This is SO is carrying forward a pipeline of $2,676,997 of Development Assistance funds and 
$1,362,252 of Economic Support Funds to support the continuation of some activities under the new 
Strategic Objective No. 9, Democratic Processes and Institutions Strengthened in Critical Areas. 
100 
- 
1 1,272 - 
26.735 
GRAND TOTAL 
SUMMARY LIST OF ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SO: 
(See enclosed chart) 
26,735 
ANNEXES: 
All Results Frameworks (necessary) 
Completed M 97-01 FMP indicator table (necessary) 
SO Team Clearances: 
ANNEX I: RESULTS TRACKING TABLES 
Strategic Objective 1 and Related Intermediate Resuits 
PERFORMANCE 
INDICATOR 
I ] YEAR I VALUE 1 1997 ( 1998 j 1989 1 2000 1 2001 U 
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Broader Citizen Participation in Democratic Processc 
percent of registered voters 
1. Percent of citizens who are 
active members of at least one 
civil society organization 
(Data analyzed by socio￾economic, geographical 
variables and rype of 
organizarion.) 
(Data analyzed by departments 
and valid, null, blank votes) 
INDICATOR DEFINITION AND UNIT OF MEASUREMENT 
Definition: Civil society organizations are defined as any non-government i 
1 
1 
l 
R4 Reported 
3. Pcrcentagc of citizcns who 
actively participate in 
resolving comoiunity 
prublcms 
DATA 
SOURCE 
(Data a~ulyzcd by socio￾ccono~nic ulrJ gcogrupbici~l 
, vuriablcs) 
organization that is organized around a common interest of its members 
and that may have cause to interact with government institutions. The 
APOYO survey, from which this indicator is derived, defined the 
following types of organizations as CSOs: parents meeting, women's 
associations/mother's clubs, religious groups, professional associations, 
con~munity associationsldevelopment committee, unions and political 
groups (the survey also noted "other" groups that meet the definition of a 
CSO). A person is considered an active member if they dcmrmine their 
own participation in ally onc organization to be "frequent" (on a 
subjective 4 step scale ranging from "frequent" to "never"). 
BASELINE 
Unit: Percent 
Definition: A registered votcr is defined as any person registered on the 
official voter rolls. A valid vote is defined as any ballot olher than a blank 
or null ballot. 
M: Municipal 
P: Presidential 
C: Congressional 
TARGETS/Ac'TLiALS 
Unlt: Percent 
Dcllnttluri: Pconlc who participate ia 3 or moru of thc following 
activittcs: I) worked or iricd td resolve ;I conin~unity problcm; 2) 
Donated money or mirerials to 11p in uny problcm or co~ii~nunity 
Im~rrovcment; 3) Provldcd Irislhcr labor; i111d 4) Assi~red 10 nicclings to 
rcsalvc any community problc~n or to carry out any conr~aunity 
in~l~r~vcmcnts. 
UnI1: Pcrccnt 
!S 
Puelit~e Study on Cilizet~ 's 
%rIiciparion in Denrocratic 
Drocesses, a national level 
iurvey conducted by the 
4POYO Institute under 
JSAID guidance. 
Vational Electoral Processes 
3ffice (ONPE) 
Official clection results 
Doselitre Sfrndy OA Ciriterr 's 
Pnfliril)(~/iotj ir De~nocrrrtic 
Prowsses, a national level 
illrvcy conducted by the 
APOYO lrarirutc u~lder 
USAID guidance. 
1996 
Male 
Female 
1995 
Ayacucho 
Lima 
San Martin 
Ayacucllo 
Lima 
San Marlin 
Ayacucllo 
Limn 
San Marlin 
1996 
Malc 
Pc~nnle 
As 18-24 
46 
38 
53 
[P) 61 
39 
57 
50 
[C) 36 
25 
37 
33 
W52 
35 
73 
56 
32 
34 
31 
25 
r;rphic vnr 
- 
$8 
49 
42 
56 
NIA 
33 
29 
33 
25 
18 
- 
)ICS inc 
- 
SO 
NI A 
34 
23 
- 
le: arb: 
55 
N/A 
070 
76 
(C) 55 
68 
39 
Nlh 
R4 Reported 
COMMBNTSINOTBS: *Not official cstilnare, S~iu-cconumlc variables include: pndcr, age, cducntian, : - - 
~ic~r~hlso~~th crust, norrhlccntr;rl/soikth sierra, iunde. Targels for survey hisctl indici~tors have Ixcn ;trljrrstcd. 
ntermediate Result 1.1: More ~ffecsve National Institutions 
igh degree of confidence in 
ational institutions 
Data analyzed by institution, 
ocio-economic and 
,eographic variables.) 
M Reported 
.. Number of financial and 
erformance audits conducted 
nd published by the 
:ontroller General that meet 
~rofessional standards, 
:OMMENrS/ NOTES: #I: 
- . . 
Definition: National institutions are defined as Congress, Judiciary, the 
Attorney General's Office, the three electoral institutions (JNE, ONPE. 
IDENTIDAD), the Comptroller General and the Ombudsman's Office 
(Oficitm del Defetjsor Ilel Pueblo.) A respondent is defined as having a high degree of confidence in key national institutions if hclshe scored, on 
a 1-7 point confidence scale (where 7 is the highest) for each of eight 
institutions, a minimum of 36 points out of a maximum of 56 points 11. 
Unit: Percent 
Definitions: hofcssional auditing standards are defined as those meeting 
the technical standards of government auditing as defined in the Normm 
cle Audiroria Gubert~~tret~~~l (NAGU) of the Government of Peru. The 
NAGU is based upon "Generally Accepted Auditing Slandards" (GAAS), 
International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and the "Government Auditing 
Standards" issued by the International Organization of Supreme Audit 
lmtitutionr (INTOSAI). 
Significant reviews not meeting technical definition of "audit" will bc 
discussed in the narrative. 
*Agreement with CGRP expired in 1998. After this date no additional 
information was rcccived. 
Unlt: Number of financial and performance audits conducted and issued. 
:suls affcctcd by # of respondents unfamiliar with soma of the institutions. 
Bosetine Study otr Citizeti 's 
Porlicipnriot~ in Detnocratic 
Processes, a national level 
survey conducted by the 
APOYO Institute under 
USAID guidance. 
Comptroller General reports 
provided to USAID 
i 996 
'NE 
3NPE 
iNlEC 
3mbuds. 
:ontroller 
4norn.G. 
Zongress 
'udiciary 
dale 
'emale 
1936 
25 
35 
33 
28 
30 
24 
20 
15 
12 
27 
24 
3 
1 after con 
eview. 
htermediate Result 1.2: Grcuter Access to Justice . Percent of citizcns who Dcfltlitlo~i: An individual is dcfmcd as klieving tlle courts guarantee ;I Bosclitrc Study urr Citizelr's 1996 I I 12 14 I G 
elicve that Lc Peruvian fair trial If sl~clhc anrwcrrd with a 5,lr or 7 (on a scale of 1-7 where 7 Porticipntiot~ it1 Dett~ocrnric I1 8 6 
:ourts guawmce a Wir trial indicating the most posilivc) to a questiondircctly parallel to the indicator Processes, a n~tionalevel Urban 9 10 
statement. survey conducted by the Rural I5 15 
Dm analyzed by socto- APOYO Institute undcr Male 10 
:conomic ud geographical U~ilt: Pcrccnt USAID guidance. Fcrnalc I I 
30 
VIA 
55 
N7 USA 
!. Number of incarcerated 
:itizens who are "unjustly" 
mused of terrorism 2/ 
lnforme Sobre lo Situncidn de 
10s Dereclros Htm~t~nnos, an 
annual report on the human 
rights situation in Peru issued 
by CNDDHH, USAID 
activity reports and 
information from other local 
human rights NGOs. 
Definition: USAIDlPeru relies on the liuman rights NGOs -- primarily 
those that are members of the Cmrdinadora Nacional de Derechos 
1996 
Released: 
Male 
Female 
Minors 
Accused in 
Mility P. 
Civil P. 
Through 
Ad-. Hoc 
NGO 
- 
300 
359 
465 
57 
3 
519 
19 
503 
- 
ormuli 
Humanos (CNDDHH) -- to determine who is innocent of terroriim 
charges. These NGOs consider a person to be innocent when it is clear 
that (1) tlic person does not belong to a terrorist organization and (2) has 
not voluntarily collaborated with any such organization. This is based on 
an exhaustive analysis of information gathered through review of 
dwuments and interviews. These NGOs provide representation to persons 
determined to be innocent. The number of current cases (minus persons 
who have bccn liberated) serves as tlie baseline and targets. Since the 
NGOs have not rcviewcd all existing cases of terrorism and additional 
cascs will comc into the system. Ore number of "confirmed" innocents 
may continue to grow (or at least offset gains made through release of 
prisoners.) 
:Disaggregated by male, 
Smale adults and minors, and 
ypc: of process) 
R4 Reported 
COMMENTSINOTES: 21 Targtts werc adjusted upwards in April 1998 due tobetter than expected perfromance in 1997. Following USAlDlW comments, the SO te 
defense 
Unit: Number 
"unjustly" to avoid a prejudgmer 
Intermediate Result 1.3: I 
1. Percent of citizens who 1 I Bweline Srritly on Citizen's 
Pnrricipnrion in Democruric 
Processes, a national lcvel 
survey conducted by the 
APOYO Institute under 
USAID guidtnce. 
11 of the outcome of the process. 
Local Governments More Responsive to Constituents 
xlieve that local government 
is respnsive to their needs 
and demands 
Definition; citizen opinion regarding the responsiveness of local 
zovernment is determined bv the resmndcnt if helshe answers as follows: 
i) states that the qualiry pr&ision o~scrviccs and the treatment of 
:onsfituents at the Diswictal Council and thc Provincial Council are good 
3r very good; and 2) has a high depee of confidence in district and 
xovincial municipalities (scores > =5 on a confidrnce scale of 1-7, 
#here 7 is thc highest); and 3) scales that, among several institutions, the 
municipality bcst addressed community nee& 
Metlmdology changed 
Udt: Percent 
Dc~nitlox~: A rcspo~ldent is dcfincd 3s having confidcncc in local 
governments if helstic scorcd, on a 1-7 pin1 confidcncc scale (where 7 is 
the higlrcst) at lust 5 on rich of t11c ~wo survey question rcferrcd lo 
districtill niuniciplllity and provincial ~nunicipality. 
U1i11: Pcrccr~l 
. Male 11 
Fenialc 16 
AID 21 
D 12 
New 
Distr 22 
Prov 23 
[Disaggregated by 
~eographical location.) 
R4 reported 
Buscline St~uly ott Citizetr 's 
P(~rricipclrion in Detnocrniic 
Processes, APOYO lnstilule 
2. Percent of ci~izcm who 
have confidence in local 
governments Urba~~ dist 1 27 
(Disaggrcgatcd by 
gogripi~icalocatio~~.) 
Rural dist 1 30 
Wrlm Prv 32 
Rural ha I 30 
3. Number of local 
governments dlat have formal 
plans and budgets and have 
consulted on the content and 
priorities of these plans and 
budgets with the community 
[Activity based] 
4. Number of local 
governments regularly using 
formally established 
mechanisms to invite 
community participation in 
the decision-making process 
(Activity based) 
lntcrmcdiatc Result 1.4 
3. Percentage of women in 
Congress 
1. Percent of citirrm who 
know where to go to protect 
their rights 
(Data analyzed by socio￾ccono~i~ic arid gcographic 
variables.) 
2. Rrccn~ayc of cirizcns fro111 
disadvsaaged goul~s who 
kriow tllcir bislc rights i~nd 
rcs[wnslbilitics. 
(Data a~mlyzcd by socio￾cconomlc id gcugraphic 
variables, rights and 
rcspnsibillties.) 
Delinition: A local government is defined as having formal plans and 
budgets in place if they have : a program of activities with objectives and 
targets; an implementation schedule; the commitment of organizations 
responsible for implementation; and the necessary human, financial and 
material resources. Consultation with the community is determined by the 
level of involvement of grassroots community organizations in developing 
and reviewing plans and budgets (consultation mechanisms include popular 
assemblies, open council sessions, foratdebates and coordination working 
group meetings. 
Unit: Number (percent, based on number of targeted municipalities) 
Definition: Formally established mechanisms refer to vehicles for 
community par~icipatian that are established by the decree of the relevant 
local government. Such mechanisms might include community 
assemblies, committees, town meetings and neighborhood committees. 
Regular use is dcfined as utilizing one or morc fornial n~echanisms at least 
twice a year. 
Unit: Percent (percent, based on number of largetcd municipalities) 
Citizens Setter Prepared to Exercise Rights and Responsi 
Dc!lnltlolr: The numbtr of wonwn holding tlrc title nlember of Congress 
after the elections, as a pcrccntage of the 120 mcmbers of congress 
Unlt: Pcrccnt 
Dellnitlu~r: Annropriatc knowlcdw in thiscase is dctintd as follows: for 
physical mistktlhnt a pcrson slkuld go to the District Asorney, a 
private hwycr, the police station, the com~nunity patrol or thc local lcvcl 
central govcrnmcnt rep; for bad service a pcrson sl~ould go to the District 
Attorney, a private lawyer liislher supervisor or the Officc of the 
Onrbudsman. If respondents identified any of tlrc ikppropriate 
officcslpcrsons, they irre comidcred as knowing whcre to go to protect 
thcir righn. 
Udt: Pcrccnt 
i'cople th~t IIW~ "high dcgrcc of kr~owlcdgc" ill lnth iircils, rights ad 
rcsp)~~sibilltics. K~~uwlcdgc of rights is dctcrn~inctl by a pcrson's 
knowlcdgc of(!) whcther each of a sct of scvcn fu~ldan~cntal rights is 
includcd in IIIC Cons~iation itnd (2) thc dctr~ils of two morc qxclfic rights. 
If an individual has knowledgc of at leas livc of tlrcse nlnc riglas, hclslrc 
is dcfincd a$ hnvlng "l~lglr lcvel of knowledge," Kncbwlcdgc af 
responsibilities is bi~~ed an fiwnrencss of two halc resp~aibili[ies 
(pwticipatlon and reparting carruption). If an indlvitlud Iras knowledge of 
bath of thesc rcspa~lbilitlr% - Letshe I$ delined ns hnvlnr "high level of 
INADE-LGD semi-annual 
reports. 
Loco1 Governn~etrt 
Developnient Project Survey, a 
targeted regional survey 
conducted by the APOYO 
Institute under USAID 
guidance 
(*)Project expired in 1938. 
After this date data was not 
formally collected 
INADE-LGD semi-annual 
reports. 
Local Goverttn~ettt 
Development Project S~~rvey, a 
targeted regional survey 
conducted by the APOYO 
Institute under USAID 
guidance 
(*)Project expired in 1918. 
After this date data was not 
formally collected 
Buseline Stir@ on Citizen's 
Pnrlr'ciprbn itr Dernocrcrtic 
Processes, u national level 
survcy conducted by the 
APOYO institute under 
USAID guidance. 
Qucchua 
Spanish 
l3risrlitre Slrccly otr Citizen 's 1991 
P(ir1icipfht it1 Dt?ttwcr(~~k 
Proct~sses, a nstional lcvcl N;~tioni~l 
survey contluctcd by the Male 
AI'OYQ I~~%titutc undcr Pcmitlc 
USAlD guidmce. lntligenous 
4 
R4 reported 
knowledge." Disadvantaged groups are indigenous, low education 
groups and low income groups. 
Unit: Percenlage 
COMMENTSINOTES: Targets for survey based indicators were adjusted in AprilJ9safter completion of second survey and secondary analysis. 
SO1 Results Framework 
BROADER CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN 
DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES 
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS: 
-- % of citizens who are active members of at least one civil 
society organization 
-- Vdid voles cost as o pcrcerlr of regisrered vorers ill elecrions -- % of cirizens who octively pnrlicipafe b resolving cottn~~uni~y 
problem 
Intermediate Result 1. l I More Effective National Institutions 
Indicators: 
- % of citizens who believe that 
elections have bccn free and fair - % of people who kve n high degree 
of confiience in natiorml burir~clions 
- # of financial and performance audits 
conducted and published by the 
Controller General that meet 
professional standards 
Key Activities: 
PARDBM 
JUST 
LGD 
Greater Access to Justice 
Indicators: 
- % of citizens who believe that the 
Peruvian courts guarantee a fair trial 
- # of bcnrcertrted citizens who ore 
Drmnjrtstlyll acmsed of terrorisrr~ 
JUST 
PARDEM 
Local Governments More 
Indicators: 
- % of citizens who believe tllat locd 
governrtrent is responsive lo their 
needs and de~~~nt~ds 
- % of citizens who have a high 
degree of confidence in local 
governments 
- # of local govcrnmcnts that have 
formal plans and budgets and liavc 
consulted on their contents and 
priorities with the community 
- # of local governments regularly 
using formally established 
mechanisms to invite community 
pi~rticipation in llie decision-making 
process 
Citizens Better Prepared 10 Exercise 
their Rigtits and Responsibilities 
Indicators: 
- % of citizens who know where lo go 
to protect their rights 
- % of citizens /row ciisadvat~~nged 
groups \vlro k~ow [heir hsic righrs 
nnd respo~~siDiiiries 
Key activities: 
PARDEM 
JUST 
LGD 
Key nctivitics: 
LGD 
SUMMARY LIST OF ACTIVITIES UNDER SO 1 (1 997 - 2001) 
I 
ImpIementing Organization 
Grupo de Anllisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) 
(527-0356-A-00-4408-00) 
Aclivily included undtr PARDEM Projcct 
Institute APOYO (527-0356-A-00, 
G448-00 / 527-A-00-96-00448-00) 
Pcruana de Ncgociaci6n, Arbitraje y 
onciliaci6n (APENAC) (527-0352-A-00- 
Foundation for Elections Support 
(527-A-00-94-004 15- 
0) Total ji~trtling litlder PA RDEM $3,450,000 
de los EE.UU. dc 
(527-G￾0-97-004 1 5-00) 
type of 
lgreement 
hnl Project 
Igrecmenl 
- - - .. . .. - 
Contribution 11 Activity Description 
To conduct a study about the attitudes and perceptions of Peruvian 
university students in relation to Peru's democratic future, and 
complementary follow-on activities focusing on promoting the crcsrion 
of spaces for analyses, discussion and debates in which university 
students and youth in general will enhance their interest on the 
Peruvian democratic development. 
To enhance citizen knowledge on their democratic rights and 
responsibilities and their capacity to exercise them. 
To assist the Peruvian Congress to become more ncccssible to the 
public by being more open and comniunicntive with citizens, and to 
provide it with a better understanding of its role. 
125,000 To provide financial support for the design and implementation, 
monitoring, and evaluation of a pilot com~i~utiity m ediation progrm in 
order to provide low-income citizens with an ecaaomic, fast and 
efficient co~nrnunity problem-solving meclianism and lead them to a 
direct access to justice 
4,081,493 To i~nplernent a multi-faceted program of elections assistance with 
both an i~nnicdiate and longcr-term impact, including, irmoug otlier 
irctivities, provision of tr:rining rnnterials, and grants to support local 
NGOs and electoral systetn restructuring. 
700,000 
Starand 
Date 
To assist io tl~c i~nproven~cnt of thc niltionill public sector i~istittrtions, 
contributit~g to irssure transparency and cfficicncy in the usc of 
nssigncd rcsourccs, tlirough an adctloatc ;rccotmting of cxpcnscs of 
public money. 
85,000 ITor itistitutional strcngtlming, aiming at its self-snstuinnbility in the 
ncer future, and to carry out a scrics of trnini~lg progriws, scminars ;IIK 
worksl~ops lo support tlic socinl end cconomic dcvctopmcnt aT Inw￾inca~nc communities. 
SUMMARY LIST OF ACTIVITIES UNDER SO 1 (1 997 - 2001) 
Implementing Organization 
0290-00) 
Peruann de Negociadn, Arbitraje y 
onciliaci6n (APENAC) (527-G-00-98- 
SPOS Cotitribtrtiotl $450,000 
Ministcrio de Justicia (527-0356) 
olcgio dc Abogadas dc Lima 
No.527-0356-G-00-5387-00 
included under I'ARDEM i'roject 
US AID 
Contribution 
100,001 
. . - . - . - - - - - - 
Activity Description 
To undertake activities to examine and develop policy agendas around 
:igM essentiat themes and issues for the 2000 elcctions and beyond, 
~nder aproject entitled "Agenda for the First Decade" 
To contribute to the strengthening of democratic governance in Peru b! 
aising the level of public debate on development options for the 
:ountry and by emphasizing the essential role that democratic practice! 
lnd institutional reforms play in the design and implementation of 
levelopment strategies. 
To provide support for a program in activities related to extrajudicial 
:onciliation. 
ro support the dissemination of tlie final product of the project enritlec 
'Development Strategies, Institutional Reforms and Dernacrntic 
Sovernance". 
To cover the additional cost of publishing material in relation to projec 
"Development Strategies, I~lstitutional Reforms and Democratic 
Governance" distributed at the CADE (Corlferenciil Annual de 
Ejecutivos) Conference 
To develop programs in 30 priniary itnd 40 secorldnry scliools from 
marginal t~rban areas of Lima and Ayacuclio. 
To support tllc Ministry of Jtrsticc in its cfforts to provide frcc Icg:il, 
medintioti, and conciliation scrvices to the 11eedy of Limir and Cirllno. 
To support thc CAL in its cfforts to strcngthcn imd improve thc 
cffcctivcncss of the Legal Clinics for tllc poor suppartcd by tllcrn 
Starand 
Date 
'1 7/99 - 6/29/00 
1301'98 - 6130199 
13119s - 1213110 
11199 - 3/3 1100 
/I100 - 4130/00 
116198 - 4/3O/Ol 
'131197 - 13/31A 
10195 - 06/97 
SUMMARY LIST OF ACTIVITIES UNDER SO 1 (1997 - 2001) 
1) Implementing Organization 
Ministerio de Justicia (527-035610394) 
Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP) 
(527-0-00-99-00339-00 
00369-00) 
[nstituto Pcruano de Rcs 
(IPRECON) 
0037 1-00) 
olu 1ci6n de Conflictos 
(527-G-00-98- 
Educativos Rurules (SER) (527-G-00- 
8-00297-00) 
Iburado Nacionnl de Elecciones (JNE) (527- 
.SGA 
'.Om 
;A 
3A 
2 A 
SGA 
;A 
Activity Description 
267,078 To provide support for a program in voter education and defense of 
democratic institutionality. 
650,000 To continue providing free legal, mediation and conciliation services tc 
the needy of Lima and Callao, in addition to several provinces of Peru, 
and to promote the development of conciliation as an alternative 
conflict resolution mechanism in the country. 
9,485 To carry out the publication and dissemination of a Summary Version 
of the Annual IEP Democracy Survey/Study during the six wceks 
preceding the General Elections of April 9,2000. 
287,263 To support a project entitled "Access to Justice through Alternative 
Conflict Resolution Methods" aimed at improving Peruvian citizens' 
knowledge about their rights and responsibilities; and improving 
citizens' access to justice through alternative conflict resolution 
mechanisms. 
132,000 To undertake activities under a project entidcd "Training Progrim for 
the Creation of Conciliirtion Ccnters" iiio~ed irt t';~ciliti~ting the 
population's access to justice through extrajudicial conciliation. 
407,944 To provide support for a progrilm in electoral and civic education. 
45,000 To carry out a training program for tlic officiirl and altcnrnte nicmt~crs 
of its Decentralized Elecriol~s Officcs. 
'I'u unclcrlakc i~ctiviiies unclcr ;I projuct c~~titlcd "l~ltcglnl Otwr.v;ltion o 
Ycibr 2000 Elections" aimed iH supporting votcr cd~lci~tion and 
obscrv:ttion for the elcctions in April 2000. 
1,026,000,OO 
SUMMARY LIST OF ACTIVITIES UNDER SO 1 (1997 - 2001) 
11 Implementing Organization 
(AEP-1-00-99-00040-00) 
Management Systems International (MSI) 
(527-0000-T-0066) 
Oficina Nacional dc Proccsos Electorales 
(OWE) (527-0394) 
Scvicios Educativos Rtlrih (SER) 
(527-(3-00-0 1-00070-00) 
Pontificia Univcrsidad Cnt6lica dcl Pcril (PUC) 
(527-G-00-00-00193-00) 
political party system; and to keep Peruvians informed of advances in 
commitments made by political actors to contribute to Peru's 
democratization, On 2/7/01, this Grant was amended to provide 
support for a program to develop democratic institutions, citizen 
education and election observation for the 2001 General Elections. 
930,074.38 
To determine the impact and degree of influence of setected 
democracy education and awareness activities in terms of advancing 
tlie Mission's democracy objective, and to identify best practices, 
methodologies, lessons learned and make recommendations that will 
facilitate an in-depth Democracy and Governance Assessment and 
subsequent design of a new USAID strategy for democratic 
development in Peru. 
Activity Description 
To develop proposals to support the strengthening of democracy in 
Peru in two criticial areas: electoral reform and consolidation of a 
5,200 To review tlie Democracy and Governance Assess~nent produced by 
the Global Bureau/Center for Democracy and Govenirnce iind produce 
a final report with recotnmendaions for dcvelop~t~cnt of n new 
democracy strategy for Peru 
1,520,000 TO assist the GOP to conduct a free, fi~ir, and transparent 2001 Ge~ieral 
Elections process by promoting voter educatiorl, as well as training 
pollworkers, and assisting the COP in m:rnaging intcr~rational donor 
support for elections. 
155,320 To promote ncccss to justice tlirough thc disscminntion and 
i~nplcmcntotion of conciliation, negotiation, and arbitri~tion. 
394,315 
Start/End 
Date 
9/25/00 - 8/30/01 
'So provide support for u progrim of clcctorul education for the 2001 
Ccncr:d Blcctions in Pcru. 
102,896 To support llic forniulation and dissemination sf a sct aT Icgisl;~tivc and 
policy rcforln proposills to strcngtl~cn the sutonorny, indcpcndcncc, anti 
functional efficiency of tlic judiciary. 
SUMMARY LIST OF ACTIVITIES UNDER SO 1 (1997 - 2001) 
Implementing Organization 
(527-G-00-00-00 124-00) 
Instituto Didlogo y Propuestas (IDS) 
(527-G-00-01-0007 1-00) 
Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (EP) 
(527-0000-T- 10094) 
nstituto de Educaci6n en Dereclros Hu~nanos y la 
Instituto de Educaci6n en Dereclros Humanos y li! 
I) az (IPEDEHP) 
fnstituto de Defensa Lcgnl (IDL) 
Instituto de Dcfensa Legal (DL) 
oordinadora Nacionnl dc Derechos Ih~tnanos 
oordinadorir Nwional dc Dcrcclros I-Iumanes 
'YP~ of 
,greement 
,A 
,A 
ontract 
mall Grant 
irant 
iranl 
;runt 
irnnt 
Erant 
300,0001~0 strengthen democracy in Peru through a regional TV station 
2zEs 
network by promoting public debates on key democracy issues to 
increase informed participation of Peruvian citizens in democratic 
processes, good governance and defense of human rights. 
Activity Description 
294,382 To support the 2001 General Elections under a program entitled 
"National Campaign for Responsible and Informed Voting" 
74,340 To carry out one public opinion survey at the national level to provide 
impact data related to the indicators used by the Democracy Team to 
measure acliievements of USA1DReru's democracy goals. 
7,000 Dissemination of the systematization study of the Peparing Social 
Leaders to promote human riglits, democracy and citizen participation. 
904,195 Conduct a program in human riglits training-of trainers course to 
promote respect of human rights and citizen participation 
343,961 TO conduct a program in Resolution of Problems of People Unjuuly 
Accussed or Convicted of terrorism 
283,320 
Startfind 
Date 
7120/00 - 1 1/30/C 
To conduct a program on paradigmatic cases in order to promote 
defense and respect of Irumaa rights 
300,000 Strcgtlrcning of tlrc nationid network of thc Iruman rights organiziltion: 
mc~nhcrs of tl~c Coordin;rdnra, tllrouglrout tlrc country. 
SUMMARY LIST OF ACTIVITIES UNDER SO 1 (I 997 - 2001) i 
Implementing Organization 
03 Contriblirion $497,170 
llhlovimiento Manuela Ramos 
PYP~ of 
Agreement 
LSGA 
Grant 
Grant 
Varios PSCs 
Activity Description 
1,987,377 Promote Women's Political Participation I 1°6198 - 09101 
2,320,000 Implementation of the Office of the Ombudsman, support for its 09/96 - 09/02 
Institutional Strengthening, Support to the Pardon Commission, 
Respect for Womcn Rights and Electoral Supervision 
478,438 Technical Assistance to the JNE 
762,349 
1,523,790 
Election Observation in Peru 
Election Observation in Peru 
01101 -03103, 
SUMMARY LIST OF ACTIVITIES UNDER SO 1 (1997 - 2001) 
Activity Title / Short Description Implementing Organizations 
XTIZEN PARTlClPATlON AND ACCESS TO 
WSTICE - PARTICIPE (527-0394) 
fuman Rights Activities 
lccess to Justice Activities 
Vvic Educaiion Activities 
bcentralilation / Local Government 
Flection Support Activities 
'roject Administration 
Ombudsman 
Coordinadora Nacional de DO. HH. 
Instituto de Defensa Legal IDL 
IPEDEHP 
Instituto Defensa Legal IDL 
Universidad Catolica del Peru 
Ministerio de Justicia 
MARC - Peru 
Lima Chamber of Commerce 
FORO - Jovenes Ciudadanos Const ... CIDrnARE.4 
PROMUJER 
Jurado Nacional de Elecciones 
PROMUJER 
OMBUDSMAN (Electoral Supervision) 
SER 
TR4 NSPARENCIA 
TR4 NSPARENCIA (FY2007) 
FORO -Agenda Peru 
lnstituio Dialogo y Propuesta IDS 
APOYO 
NDI / Carter Center 
Instituio lnteramericano DDHH 'CAPEL' 
SER 
IDS 
OWE 
1 USAID Project Mngmnt. PSC Contracts 
I 
SUB TOTAL PARTlClPE 
I 
ARTIWATORY DEMOCRACY - PARDEM (527-0356) 
Wic Awareness Activities 
ublic AccounbbiiityActivities 
GRADE 
FORO 
ABEUSA 
CIDEKAREA 
Offrce of the Controller General 
lnstituto Apoyo (Support to Congress) 
Funding Amounts 
Shrt 1 End 
Dale 
w1m - 09130P02 
SUMMARY LIST OF ACTIVITIES UNDER SO 1 (1 997 - 2001) 
11 Activity Title / Short Description 1 Implementing Organizations 
Elections Support Activities 
IFES 
Movimiento Manuela Ramos (PROMUJER) 
SER 
TRANSPARENCIA 
Human RightsActivities 
Access to Justice Activities 
Ombudsman 
Coordinadora Nacional de DD. HH. 
lnstituto de Defensa Legal /DL 
IPEDEHP 
IPAZ 
Colegio de Abogados de Lima 
Ministerio de Justicia 
Ministerio de Justicia 
IPRECON 
Lima Chamber of Commerce 
APENAC 
Project Administration & Evaluation 
USAID Project Mngmnf. PSC Contracts 
SUB TOTAL "PARDEM" 
JUSTICE SECTOR SUPPORT (&!m cammed forward into new Slrategy) 
(527-0352) Catholic Relief Services 
llANUD 
Cornision Andina de Juristas 
APENAC 
ll SUB TOTAL I 
I Selected Development Activities (527-0061) 1 
Program Development & Support (527-0000) 
I IIGLOBAL FIELD SUPPORTFOR ELEC~ONS 
I TOTAL 
Start I End 
Date 
lOKllE94 - m1m1 
911194 - 123197