DISCLAIMER: THE AUTHOR’S VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS PUBLICATION DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE VIEWS OF THE 
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OR THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.
FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION:
VICTIMS INSTITUTIONAL 
STRENGTHENING PROGRAM (VISP)
FINAL REPORT
December 2022
SOURCE: VISP PROGRAM
Contract Title: USAID/Colombia Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Activity
Contract Number: 72051419C00001
Submitted: December 15, 2022 
Contractor: Panagora Group, Inc.
COR: Omar López
Authors: Allison Benson (Evaluation Director), Lucia Llanes (Evaluation Planning Specialist), Marco 
Velásquez (Victims institutional and legal affairs expert), Adriana González (Health policy expert), Jairo 
Panqueva (Institutional Strengthening Expert), Francisco Alvarado (Quantitative Expert), and Juan 
Agudelo (Qualitative Expert).
Panagora Group Contacts:
Ana María Rivera
Chief of Party
Carrera 7 No. 74B-36, Piso 6, Bogotá, Colombia
Email: arivera@panagoracolombia.net 
Orlando Gracia
Lead Evaluation Expert
Carrera 7 No. 74B-36, Piso 6, Bogotá, Colombia 
Email: ogracia@panagoracolombia.net 
Majella van der Werf, 
Program Director
8601 Georgia Avenue, Suite 805, Silver Spring, MD, USA
Email: majellavanderwerf@panagoragroup.net 
i | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT III
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
EVALUATION RESULTS 2
EVALUATION PURPOSE 11
ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND 11
EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND METHODOLOGY 14
EVALUATION QUESTIONS 14
METHODOLOGY 16
EVALUATION FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 19
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ASSISTANCE AND SERVICE PROVISION 
TOWARDS VICTIMS 19
CHALLENGES IN SUSTAINING RESULTS 39
ACCESS TO PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION 47
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE COMMUNITY AGENT MODEL 53
RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM VISP ECONOMIC PILOT PROJECTS 59
RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC STABILITY OF 
VICTIMS 66
RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED IN THE SUPPORT OF THE PEACE ACCORD 
IMPLEMENTATION 75
CHALLENGES AND ENGAGEMENT OF STAKEHOLDERS 82
REFERENCES 87
ANNEX A – RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX 88
ANNEX B - SUPPLEMENTAL ANALYSIS AND DATA 117
ANNEX C: FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 
MATRIX 314
ANNEX D - DETAILED METHODOLOGY 334
ANNEX E – INSTRUMENTS 358
ANNEX F - SOURCES OF INFORMATION 449
ANNEX G: SCOPE OF WORK OF THIS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 463
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | ii
ACRONYMS 
ACOPLE Community-Based Treatment Services for Afro-Colombian Victims of Torture (Alliance 
with organizations for the emotional)
AFRODES Association of Displaced Afro-Colombians
AMELP Activity, monitoring, evaluation, and learning plan
CAM Community Agent Model
CEV Truth Commission
DNP National Planning Department
DPS Department for Social Prosperity
EPS Companies promoting and providing health services
EREG Strategy of Emotional Recovery
GoC Government of Colombia
IOM International Organization for Migration
JEP Especial Jurisdiction for Peace
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MEL Monitoring, evaluation, and learning
MOH Ministry of Health
MOI Ministry of Interior
PAPSIVI Comprehensive health and psychosocial care program for victims of the armed conflict
PDET Development Programs with Territorial Approach
PSM Propensity Score Matching
RPO Rural Producer Organizations
RUSICST Unified Report of the Territorial Information, Coordination and Follow-up System of the 
Public Policy for Victims of the Internal Armed Conflict
RUV Unique Registry of Victims
SGSSS General system of social security in health 
SIP Integral Comprehensive System for Peace
SNARIV National system of care and comprehensive reparation for victims of the armed conflict
USAID United States Agency for International Development
VISP Victims Institutional Strengthening Program
VIVANTO National Victims Information System
VL Victims Law
VU Victims Unit
iii | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
ABSTRACT
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Victim’s Institutional Strengthening 
Program (VISP) aimed to strengthen the Government of Colombia’s and victims’ organizations’ capacity 
to promptly and effectively implement the Victims Law (VL) and the Peace Accord. The program 
provided support to design, implement, and evaluate tools, methodologies, systems, projects, programs, 
and policies. The program prioritized 40 municipalities in ten departments, and its activities 
strengthened the institutional capacity of public agencies nationally. 
This final performance evaluation aims to assess whether the program’s interventions, deliverables, 
outcomes, and results have been accomplished. The evaluation utilizes eight questions that probe the 
program’s contributions to improve assistance and services for victims and access to rehabilitation 
services, as well as promote economic stabilization. The evaluation also addresses the program’s 
contributions to the Peace Accord implementation and includes questions regarding the sustainability of 
results and the challenges of working with different stakeholders. 
The evaluation team applied a mixed methods approach with four components. First, the team 
conducted a review, content analysis, and strategic summary of over 120 relevant documents (e.g.,
program documentation, public policies, normative documentation, and evaluations). The team then 
collected qualitative data through more than 150 semi-structured interviews conducted at the national 
and local levels with 33 key informants (e.g., organizations, public agencies, experts, and implementing 
partner documentation). We subsequently performed quantitative analysis using data from ten 
secondary sources, relying on various statistical methodologies, including cross-sectional, probabilistic 
modeling, and quasi-experimental analysis. Finally, the team conducted 78 digital surveys at victim service 
points and health facilities in VISP-supported municipalities and comparable areas. 
The evaluation team identified 110 findings, leading to 57 conclusions and 78 recommendations. The 
main conclusion of the evaluation is that VISP’s flexible approach has been successful and has significantly 
contributed to the implementation of the VL by working jointly with national and local level actors to 
identify and implement actions to strengthen their institutional and individual capacity. This approach 
included collaboration on work plans for developing conceptual methodologies, operational protocols, 
intervention models, communication strategies, information systems, and follow-up mechanisms. 
Advances in contributing to implementing the Peace Accords were significant, albeit less visible and 
bound by time limitations. All in all, opportunities remain for continued support to the GoC and victim’s 
organizations in advancing the implementation of the VL and the Peace Accord. This is especially true 
with regard to increasing victim’s access to rehabilitation services; expediting economic reparations and 
the economic stabilization of victims; and guaranteeing conditions for the defense of human rights, 
especially in a context in which victimization continues and where there is a need to sustain political and 
monetary commitments to the comprehensive reparation for victims. 
1 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Colombia’s five-decade internal conflict generated multiple forms of structural and direct violence, 
resulting in nine million victims, concentrated in rural areas, many of whom are of Afro-Colombian or
indigenous descent and who live in poverty. The country has advanced significantly in establishing a legal 
and institutional framework for restoring the rights of victims through the adoption of Law 1448 of 2011 
(hereafter the Victims Law, VL)1 and the signing of the Peace Accord with the Revolutionary Armed 
Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrilla group in 2016. Despite the legal, administrative, and fiscal advances 
of the last decade, restoring the rights of millions of victims and generating paths of inclusive 
development and peacebuilding, remain critical challenges in Colombia. 
Recognizing the relevance and the challenges in this regard, in July 2012, the United States Agency for 
International Development (USAID) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) signed a 
cooperative agreement aimed at supporting the effective implementation of the VL, launching the 
Victims Institutional Strengthening Program (VISP). Between 2012 and 2022, the program provided 
technical support for victims’ organizations and the Government of Colombia’s (GoC) policies, systems, 
and institutions at the national, departmental, and municipal levels, to strengthen capacity and build 
necessary competencies for the timely and effective implementation of the VL and the Peace Accord.2
The program provided technical and financial support for the design, implementation, and follow-up of 
tools, methodologies, projects, and policies related to victims’ rights. VISP emphasized the institutional 
strengthening of national and local agencies and victims’ organizations. The program applied 
participatory, differential approaches to addressing the needs of women, indigenous, Afro-Colombian, 
youth, LGBTQI+ individuals, and victims abroad.
This final performance evaluation of VISP was conducted as part of the Monitoring, Evaluation, and 
Learning (MEL) Activity for USAID/Colombia. This evaluation aims to facilitate informed program 
management decisions, shaping the strategic design and implementation of current and future programs 
to improve development outcomes. The specific purpose of VISP’s final performance evaluation is to 
assess whether the program’s interventions, deliverables, outcomes, and results have been accomplished 
according to its theory of change and results framework. The evaluation comprises two types of 
questions. Five questions relate directly to VISP’s performance, while two additional questions aim to 
collect data about other relevant aspects of USAID’s interests on this topic.
The evaluation utilizes a mixed methods approach with four methodological components. First, the team
reviewed and analyzed content, and strategically summarized over 120 relevant documents (e.g., 
program documentation, public policies, normative documents, and evaluations). We then collected 
qualitative data through over 150 semi-structured interviews conducted at national and local levels with
33 key informants (e.g., public agencies, experts, implementing partners, and victims’ and civil society 
organizations). Subsequently, the team performed quantitative analysis using data from ten secondary 
data sources. The evaluation relied on different statistical methodologies, including cross-sectional, 
1 This reference also contemplates the regulation developed to advance on the effective implementation of Law 1448/2011 
regarding ethnic communities: Decrees 4633/2011, 4634/2011, and 4635/2011. 2 Objective as stated in the final agreement amendment (2020).
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 2
probabilistic modeling, and quasi-experimental analysis. Finally, the team conducted 78 digital surveys at 
victim service points and health facilities in VISP-supported municipalities and comparable areas. 
The evaluation design benefited from diverse and robust methodological approaches and good quality 
data. However, the results are subject to some analytical limitations. VISP’s broad and sustained support 
for the VL, in some cases, made it difficult to distinguish results, advances, and challenges directly 
resulting from VISP-supported actions versus those resulting from the general implementation of the VL. 
It should also be noted that the quasi-experimental results could be undermined by potential spill-over 
effects from VISP targeted and non-targeted municipalities, given that a central focus of the program’s 
support was support provided to the central government, potentially having a national reach. 
Results from the evaluation were analyzed and triangulated, leading to 110 findings, 57 conclusions, and 
78 recommendations. The main results are organized utilizing evaluation questions. They are 
summarized below, while further detail is provided in the report, as well as in Annex B (Supplementary 
analysis of data) and Annex C (Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations Table).
EVALUATION RESULTS
QUESTION 1: TO WHAT EXTENT HAVE VISP’S (1) INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND (2) 
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICIES CONTRIBUTED TO IMPROVING THE 
ASSISTANCE AND SERVICE PROVISION TOWARDS VICTIMS? WHAT WERE THE MAIN SUCCESSES AND 
CHALLENGES OF THE INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND PUBLIC POLICY INTERVENTIONS?
VICTIMS’ REGISTRY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
VISP supported the victims’ registry process, developing information systems (the Unique Registry of 
Victims, RUV, and the National Victims Information System, VIVANTO) and training tools to increase 
ownership and sustainability. These actions improved the timeliness, relevance, and follow-up regarding 
victims’ service and reparation measures, which contributed to overcoming the unconstitutional state of 
affairs in this regard.3 
PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION
VISP served as a key ally in the process of theoretical and operational consolidation of rehabilitation 
strategies (PAPSIVI4, the strategy of emotional recovery, e.g., EREG, and Entrelazando). Its support was 
also key in mainstreaming the psychosocial approach reflected in various services, assistance, and 
reparation actions related to the comprehensive reparations for victims, as well as the implementation 
of emotional care actions.5
VISP strengthened psychosocial rehabilitation strategies through training victims working as community 
agents, community promoters or weavers (in Spanish: tejedores).6 However, despite the relevant role of 
3 Colombia’s Constitutional Court both dictates when there is a violation of rights as defined in the Constitution. It also 
evaluates when the violation of rights (i.e., the unconstitutional state of affairs) is overcome. 
4 The Comprehensive Health and Psychosocial Care Program for Victims of the Armed Conflict 5 Within the support for the improvement of psychosocial and community rehabilitation services, VISP begun to implement a 
Comprehensive Care Strategy which includes an emotional care component.
6 The “community agent” role in rehabilitation strategies refers to victims or local leaders that work as a bridge between the 
rehabilitation strategy and the community. For instance, they identify potential beneficiaries, reach out to them to tell them 
about the strategy, generate trust, and facilitate dialogue.
3 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
these types of agents, there are no mechanisms to officially recognize or provide them professional 
certifications. Additionally, they are generally not paid, and the specific impact of their role on 
rehabilitation strategies has not been evaluated.
Existing rehabilitation measure evaluations are fundamentally process based and do not provide 
information on their impact or effectiveness in achieving emotional recovery (input and output 
measures). Additionally, information is lacking on the systematic integration of rehabilitation measures 
with other victims’ reparation measures.
PHYSICAL REHABILITATION
VISP supported the MOH with consolidating the physical/functional rehabilitation model and with the 
disability certification process.7 This has positively impacted victims and the general population by 
improving adherence to and the quality of rehabilitation processes. It has also strengthened the health 
systems’ low and medium complexity levels network.8 However, the physical rehabilitation model faces 
challenges related to the health service providers (EPS) services contracting throughout the country, as 
well as in regard to the systematic coordination of these services with other rehabilitation measures. 
COLLECTIVE REPARATIONS
By working with the State and Collective Reparation Subjects (SRC)9 simultaneously, VISP supported the 
implementation and completion of Comprehensive Collective Reparation Plans (PIRC). However, 
challenges persist to speed up the completion of these plans, such as maintaining fluid dialogue and trust 
between the parties.
MONETARY COMPENSATIONS
VISP supported the delivery of monetary compensation to victims by strengthening its coordination with 
other victims’ reparation measures (e.g., psychosocial reparations and satisfaction measures). However, 
challenges persist in accelerating their delivery and in systematically integrating these with other 
reparation measures. 
INCOME GENERATION
Strengthening institutional services addressing victims’ income generation was not a central component 
of the program; nonetheless, specific actions carried out provided interesting results (e.g., expanding 
coverage, improving follow-up, and incorporating differential approaches10) that could be replicated in 
other programs related to victims’ economic stabilization.
7 The physical/functional rehabilitation model refers to the process of medical and therapeutic actions aimed at ensuring that 
persons with disabilities are in a position to achieve and maintain an optimal functional state in a way that enables them to 
modify their own lives and be more independent (Law 1618 of 2013, Art. 2). This goes beyond the physical and can focus on 
the sensory, intellectual, psychological, or social perspective, 
8 This refers to the degree of complexity of a health service based on the type and severity of the health conditions it serves, 
the level of specialization among the medical professionals, and the characteristics of the health technology they use. There are 
three levels: low, medium, and high. Resolution 3100 of 2019 specifies the type of health services that can be provided through 
each of the aforementioned levels. 9 Targets of the collective reparation include impoverished communities, ethnic communities and peoples, organizations, 
groups, and social movements that suffered collective damages due to serious violations, human rights violations, and collective 
rights violations in the context of the armed conflict.
10 Approach that strengthens institutional processes to provide care to vulnerable populations like women, indigenous, Afro￾Colombian, and LGBTQI+ individuals. 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 4
SATISFACTION AND NON-REPETITION MEASURES
VISP contributed to positioning and institutionalizing historical memory as a measure of satisfaction11
within the framework of comprehensive reparations, supporting public entities and civil society to 
advance initiatives, spaces, and remembrance products. However, these issues became less relevant in 
defining work plans with the GoC during the last four years of program implementation.
PARTICIPATION 
VISP played a leading role in developing individual, organizational, and institutional capacity for victims’ 
effective participation within the framework of the VL. Evidence of these advances includes overcoming 
the unconstitutional state of affairs on this issue.
INCLUSION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH
VISP has significantly contributed to incorporating a differential approach in the service and reparation 
processes for victims, both at the national and territorial levels. The program achieved these advances 
by developing and implementing policy tools, as well as through socialization and training that supported 
their use. Despite these advances, challenges remain in addressing the specific and persistent gaps of 
minority population groups within the VL’s framework.
VISP successfully strengthened the representation of various victim groups (women, indigenous, Afro￾Colombian, and LGBTQI+ individuals), supporting their participation in victims’ roundtables and other 
local planning and dialogue activities. The program also successfully promoted organizational and 
community leadership processes.
DECENTRALIZATION OF THE VICTIMS LAW
VISP has been a key player in implementing the VL in the territories by providing support for 
understanding the law and its measures and accompanying the institutional adjustments required for 
adequate budgeting and implementation at the local level. These advances are notable in municipalities 
beyond those targeted by the program.
COMMUNICATION OF THE VICTIMS LAW 
VISP supported various mechanisms to disseminate the VL, contributing to an improved understanding 
of the law from the public and civil actors. This contributed to the application of complex content of the 
law at the national and local levels.
MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE VICTIMS LAW 
VISP’s extensive support in developing and implementing M&E tools and information systems reached 
local governments and enforcement agencies. This increased the information available to make accurate 
assessments of the implementation of the VL and provided inputs for decision-making.
VISP’s monitoring, evaluation, and follow-up strategy, and its incorporation into different processes with 
various actors, contributed to the adequate use of inputs generated by the program for decision-making 
and adaptation of actions, constituting more than a reporting process.
11 According to the VU, satisfaction measures are part of the individual and collective dimensions of victim reparations, which 
seek to compensate for the damage suffered through the reconstruction of the truth, the dissemination of historical memory, 
and the dignity of victims.
5 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
COVID-19 EFFECTS
Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, VISP was able to adapt activities designed for in-person 
implementation to virtual environments, generating capacity in local governments and victims to 
overcome some of the connectivity and digital difficulties faced in target municipalities.
QUESTION 2: WHAT GAPS AND CHALLENGES DOES THE GOC FACE TO SUSTAIN VISP-SUPPORTED 
INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND POLICY IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS? 
TECHNICAL CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABILITY 
VISP’s technical support to assess, understand, and accompany the implementation of the VL was 
fundamental to the organization of institutional processes. VISP rightly concentrated its efforts on 
strengthening individual and organizational capacity at the national and local levels. A greater number of 
difficulties were faced in consolidating capacity in local governments, which represents a challenge to the 
sustainability of results. 
Despite advances in psychosocial and physical rehabilitation, local capacity for sustainability remains 
limited in terms of technical ownership, institutional management and coordination, coverage, use of 
information systems, qualification and retention of human talent, and socialization of services offered.
FISCAL CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABILITY 
The financial resources required to implement the VL are high, especially where victimization continues. 
Financial challenges are even more significant locally, where management and budget execution capacity 
remain low. In the targeted territories, VISP provided significant direct financial support and the absence 
of future financial support through international donors could limit the sustainability of achievements. 
POLITICAL WILL FOR SUSTAINABILITY 
Although VISP has strengthened the GoC’s capacity for an institutional response to the provision of 
victims’ comprehensive assistance and reparations, its absence could imply sustainability challenges
related to political commitment and to the fluidity of the relationship between the government and the 
victims.
SECURITY GUARANTEES 
The continuation of violence is a significant challenge to the sustainability of the results achieved by the 
GoC with VISP’s support. This violence generates operational and funding challenges (as it requires 
significant investments in humanitarian assistance and in the provision of reparation measures) and 
thereby poses risks to the security of communities, especially for individuals who lead participatory 
spaces and those who defend human rights.
MAINTAINING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION 
The progress made in victims’ participation, supported by VISP, represents a gain as it relates to the 
sustainability of the VL implementation, as individuals participating in victims’ roundtables have acquired 
oversight and public advocacy capacity. Work could continue to extend these capacities to additional 
organizations.
M&E FOR SUSTAINABILITY 
The M&E processes related to the comprehensive services and reparations for victims, including those 
supported by VISP, have generated institutional memory and have facilitated understanding of 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 6
interventions and their results. This contributes to the adaptation, scaling-up, and sustainability of 
actions supported by VISP. 
Although VISP’s operational practices included internal feedback in its actions, with the exception of a 
few projects, there is no evidence of systematic knowledge management exercises with government 
counterparts to systematize and disseminate lessons learned or to incorporate modifications that 
contribute to the sustainability of results.
QUESTION 3: TO WHAT EXTENT HAVE VISP-FUNDED INTERVENTIONS INCREASED ACCESS TO 
PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION? WHAT HAVE BEEN THE MAIN FACTORS THAT 
CONTRIBUTED TO IMPROVEMENT OR THAT DELAYED ACCESS TO THESE SERVICES?
ACCESS TO PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION
VISP supported the creation and operation of the Victims Unit (VU) psychosocial rehabilitation 
strategies (Entrelazando and EREG), facilitating victims’ access to psychosocial care through the local 
presence of professionals and community agents trained to support these initiatives. Despite these 
advances, challenges persist in coverage, quality, and in the impact evaluation of these strategies.
ACCESS TO PHYSICAL REHABILITATION
VISP supported the MOH in implementing processes to facilitate victim’s access to the PAPSIVI and 
physical/functional rehabilitation centers in low and medium-complexity level health centers. It 
supported training processes, grants, technical assistance, and dialogue with different health system 
actors. These actions positively impacted health care not only for victims, but also for the general 
population, even in non-VISP municipalities. Despite these advances, weaknesses persist in the GoC 
health system with regards to expanding coverage, providing services permanently, and coordinating 
psychosocial care with physical and other mental health services. 
FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO REHABILITATION 
Psychosocial care and rehabilitation services are not coordinated with public policy actions on mental 
health or social inclusion, or with the general public and individual health processes within the health 
system. As a result, victims receive fragmented physical and mental health care services and the services 
they receive rarely use a psychosocial and rights-based approach.
Socioeconomic factors affecting access to rehabilitation services include ethnicity, geographic location, 
age, and economic status. While women have greater access to these services, people of minority ethnic 
origin residing in dispersed rural areas, youth, and older adults, have limited access. The GoC faces a 
critical challenge in methodologically, operationally, and financially adapting its psychosocial rehabilitation 
strategies to reach and help these populations heal.
QUESTION 4: WHAT ARE THE MAIN STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE “COMMUNITY AGENT 
MODEL”? 
COMMUNITY AGENT MODEL (CAM) STRENGTHS 
The CAM effectively reduced mental health and post-trauma symptoms through a peer-based care 
approach. This resulted from a strong training and supervision process for community agents, building 
7 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
trust between beneficiaries, a partnership with organizations for the emotional (ACOPLE)12 team, and 
strengthening the social fabric at the local level.
Throughout its implementation, the CAM adopted innovative measurement strategies, implemented 
effective research, and utilized a comprehensive approach for supervising cases and accompanying 
community agents to promote the quality of interventions. This reflects a unique characteristic of the 
CAM over other psychosocial care strategies and is a strength of the implementation model.
CAM WEAKNESSES
Despite raising awareness for the health service provision protocol with community agents and the Afro 
Colombian population and adapting this in various languages to better contextualize it, the CAM did not 
include formal methodological adaptations from its original model and did not formally include gender 
and ethnic approaches in its care protocols, although the majority of beneficiaries were Afro Colombian 
women.
The organizational strengthening provided to the Association of Displaced Afro-Colombians 
(AFRODES) was insufficient to adequately transfer the technical, administrative, and financial capacities 
required for the sustained implementation of the CAM after USAID’s support ended.
CAM SUSTAINABILITY
Although dissemination actions were carried out, the CAM model has not been appropriated by 
government entities due to challenges in the relationship between the MOH and the VU, as well as 
weaknesses in the management processes of local Health Secretariats and the high costs of the model.
QUESTION 5: WHAT WERE THE LESSONS LEARNED AND RESULTS OF THE VISP PILOT PROJECTS 
DEVELOPED TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CSOS IN ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, 
EMPLOYABILITY, AND INCIDENCE IN PUBLIC POLICIES?13 
LESSONS LEARNED
The flexibility in VISP’s pilot intervention model distinguishes it from traditional policy tools, facilitating 
work with various Rural Producer Organizations (RPOs) while responding to their specific needs and 
capacities, which were collaboratively defined.
There are opportunities to tailor the organizational strengthening model further to respond to the 
particular needs of specific victim population groups.
Despite providing comprehensive support to strengthen the organizational, technical, commercial, and 
financial capacities of RPOs, challenges remain with regard to increasing their economic opportunities. It 
is acknowledged that these challenges are constrained by contextual economic conditions. VISP’s 
economic stabilization pilot projects were innovative in various ways, including an emphasis on practical 
learning, peer-to-peer learning, organizational empowerment, and assistance to local governments to 
support the economic stabilization of victims’ RPOs and their members. The pilot project was successful 
in systematizing lessons learned. However, there are opportunities to further disseminate and transfer 
12 ACOPLE is a program financed by USAID between 2011 and 2021 to work with community agents, through professional 
supervision, to provide psychosocial support to victims of the conflict. 13 By incidence we understand informing public policy and providing inputs for policy design.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 8
these lessons to become effective inputs for the design and implementation of future private and publicly 
funded interventions aimed at supporting income generation by victims or other vulnerable rural 
populations. 
Despite not being a core component of VISP, working directly with RPOs to advance the victims’ 
economic stabilization proved to be a successful and necessary focus of the comprehensive reparations 
process for victims.
QUESTION 6: WHAT HAVE BEEN THE GOC’S ACTIONS, RESULTS, AND LESSONS LEARNED TO IMPROVE 
THE ECONOMIC STABILITY OF VICTIMS? IS THERE A NEED FOR USAID PROGRAMMING IN THIS AREA? 
WHAT SHOULD BE THE STRATEGY OF THIS PROGRAMMING?
ACTIONS AND RESULTS REGARDING INCOME GENERATION BY VICTIMS
Despite the importance of income generation as part of advancing the comprehensive reparations for 
victims, and despite some advances in providing programs to support victims’ economic stabilization due 
to the VL, there is no formal public policy guiding the design, implementation, or coordination of such 
interventions. 
Both income generation programs for victims and general programs for vulnerable populations that 
victims can access offer similar support. This support consists of training and financial support, following 
an individual assistance-based approach. No clear, distinct approach to working with victims exists.
The number of victims that have accessed income generation programs is unclear and is limited as 
compared to the universe of victims potentially requiring this support, which is a critical consideration in 
achieving the comprehensive and sustained reparations for victims. 
LESSONS LEARNED REGARDING THE INCOME GENERATION OF VICTIMS
Victims have accessed a diversity of public programs. However, the ample supply of programs is not 
structured using a comprehensive services protocol. Defined coordination mechanisms or guidelines to 
help target or implement the different interventions, or link these with other victim reparation 
measures, do not exist. This is due to the persistence of an unclear institutional arrangement and 
leadership role within the GoC to orient interventions supporting victims’ income generation.
The impact and sustainability of results from victims’ access to income generation programs remain 
unclear. This is partly due to limitations in measurement, follow-up, evaluations, and in-program design, 
including the short duration of interventions and the limited financial resources offered to beneficiaries. 
In addition, contextual barriers such as the bad quality of infrastructure, the persistence of insecurity, 
and the limited development and access to local markets also constrain potential impacts.
Interventions to support the employability of vulnerable populations, including the victim population, are 
supplementary to entrepreneurship interventions, given the differences in skills that beneficiaries 
typically require to access each. However, there are important challenges in supporting employability in 
rural areas where the supply of employment is low, job training and victims’ qualifications are limited, 
and dissemination and access barriers persist.
Labor intermediation programs that are holistic and provide quality services, support different parts of 
employment pathways, and adapt to local contexts are more likely to result in job placement. However, 
9 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
these requirements are technically and operationally demanding, costly, and require prolonged support 
to achieve effective and sustained job placement.
QUESTION 7: WHAT WERE THE MAIN RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE VISP 
INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNICAL ADAPTATION STRATEGY TO SUPPORT THE PEACE ACCORD’S 
IMPLEMENTATION? WHAT CHALLENGES DOES USAID STILL FACE WITH REGARD TO PEACE ACCORD 
VICTIM INTERVENTIONS?
RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED
VISP was designed to support the institutional response by providing victims with comprehensive 
assistance and reparation. Although there is a link between this and the content and scope of the 
Colombian transitional justice system, the implementation of the Peace Accord is based on achieving 
structural transformations through an exceptional and temporary institutional arrangement (JEP, CEV, 
UBPD). This requires a dynamic and concrete support scheme outside of the VL.
The emotional care support that VISP promoted within the Comprehensive System for Peace (SIP) 
entities helped to highlight the entities’ positive impact on the results and performance of officials within 
the respective organizations.
The territorial reconfiguration of VISP in the Development Programs with Territorial Approach (PDET) 
municipalities was relevant because the actions around providing victims comprehensive assistance and 
reparations facilitated the subsequent development of the Peace Accord components.
CHALLENGES
VISP’s support for implementing the Peace Accord focused on a series of specific institutional 
strengthening actions that were fulfilled. However, complex social issues typical of long-term processes 
and requiring a macro approach, such as the promotion of coexistence and social dialogue, lacked the
necessary time for their complete and effective implementation in some cases. 
At the local level, actors had limited clarity regarding the scope of the program’s support for the Peace 
Accord implementation, as well as how actors involved in the Colombian transitional justice system 
interact and integrate.
Despite the program supporting victims’ participation in the SIP, the level of their participation in the 
system did not always meet victims’ expectations. 
QUESTION 8: WHAT WERE THE MAIN CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF 
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT TO ACHIEVE VISP RESULTS? WHAT ARE RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS 
TO FUTURE PROGRAMMING?
VISP’s engagement with national and local entities resulted in successful coordination and understanding 
of different lines of work. VISP leveraged strengthening opportunities while respecting the limitations of 
its role as an international development partner. It is important to note that the program’s work was, to 
a certain extent, limited by the need to restrict actions to the agenda of each GoC agency and its 
commitment to advancing them.
VISP’s implementation required strategic alliances with non-institutional actors, such as academia, the 
private sector, other USAID programs, development agencies, and the victim population. These 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 10
relationships facilitated greater reach from the program interventions through protocols and strategies 
that were co-developed between various stakeholders.
IOM and USAID are considered the most important agencies for implementing public policy for victims 
at the national and local levels. Consequently, VISP was interpreted by various stakeholders as a 
program capable of generating significant impacts. This is due to both agencies’ success in building trust 
with various partners and demonstrating the technical and human capacity to develop responsible and 
high-quality processes.
11 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
EVALUATION PURPOSE
As is reflected in the Statement of Work, the purpose of VISP’s final performance evaluation is to assess 
the extent to which the program’s interventions, deliverables, outcomes, and results have been 
accomplished according to the program’s theory of change and results framework. Additionally, the 
evaluation takes into consideration the socio-political context and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 
The results of this evaluation aim to support USAID/Colombia in making informed decisions regarding 
the design and management of current and upcoming programming. Furthermore, the evaluation 
provides timely, relevant data to USAID, the Implementing Partner (IP), the GoC, and other 
stakeholders, including non-governmental organizations, civil society, academia, and social leaders. 
ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND
Colombia’s 50-year internal conflict was fueled by in deep inequalities between core and periphery 
territories and resulted in nine million victims affected by structural and direct violence. To advance the 
restoration and comprehensive reparation of these victims, in 2011 the GoC adopted the VL. This legal 
instrument included measures to address services, assistance, and integral reparations for persons and 
communities who suffered the greatest consequences of the armed conflict. The VL provided an 
institutional framework for the effective implementation of these measures. Five years later, the GoC 
advanced in another milestone in generating pathways of inclusive development and peacebuilding in the 
country, by signing a Peace Accord with the FARC guerrilla group. Victims played an essential role in the 
Peace Accord, which included five chapters addressing issues directly related to cessation of the conflict. 
Victims were also the focus in generating comprehensive development opportunities throughout the 
territory. 
To support Colombia’s advancement towards the aforementioned goals, USAID designed the Victims 
Institutional Strengthening Program. Implemented between 2012 and 2022, VISP aimed to strengthen 
capacity and build necessary competencies in the GoC institutions and in civil society organizations 
representing the interests of victims for the timely and effective execution and implementation of the VL 
and the Peace Accord. VISP’s theory of change states that through technical and financial support for the 
design, implementation, and evaluation of tools, methodologies, systems, projects, programs, and 
policies, actors can develop broad and sustained institutional capacity to result in comprehensive 
reparations of victim’s rights. While the program targeted specific geographic areas, prioritizing 40 
municipalities in ten departments, its activities strengthened the institutional capacity of public agencies 
and supported the implementation of the VL and Peace Accord nationally. 
The following table reflects key information in regard to VISP:
TABLE 1. VISP BASIC INFORMATION
ACTIVITY NAME Victims Institutional Strengthening Program (VISP) 
IMPLEMENTING PARTNER International Organization for Migrations (IOM)
CONTRACT NUMBER AID-514-A-12-00003
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST $102,193,390.00
LIFE OF PROJECT July 30, 2012, to June 30, 2022
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 12
TABLE 1. VISP BASIC INFORMATION
ACTIVE GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS VISP’s 2 phases were implemented in 10 departments: Antioquia, 
Bolivar, Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, La Guajira, Magdalena, 
Nariño, Sucre and Bogotá covering 44 municipalities. 
ALIGNMENT TO THE USAID/COLOMBIA 
CDCS 2014-2018 and 2020-2025
DO 2: “Reconciliation advanced among victims, ex-combatants and 
other citizens.” 
DO 1 “A more cohesive and inclusive society resilient to conflict”. 
EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL EVALUATION External evaluation
SOURCE: OWN ELABORATION BASED ON VISP FACT SHEET, AMELP, AND EVALUATION STATEMENT OF WORK
The relationship between technical and financial support and the achievement of strengthened 
institutional capacity also applies to each of VISP’s components, which are described in the following 
table:
TABLE 2: VISP COMPONENTS
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
STRENGTHENING 
INSTITUTIONS
VISP helped GoC entities implement information systems, interagency coordination, and 
the victims’ public policy. VISP also worked with civil society organizations to develop 
victims’ prevention and protection actions.14
PROMOTING 
REHABILITATION15
VISP helped public officials design and deliver psychosocial care to victims. This assistance 
included developing mine risk education tools, implementing community psychosocial 
rehabilitation initiatives, and designing services and rehabilitation tools for victims 
following differential approach populations: women, indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and 
LGBTQI+ individuals.
FACILITATING 
TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE16
VISP assisted GoC entities in developing protocols for individual and collective victims’ 
reparation. The Activity also helped implement victims’ return and relocation strategies, 
promotes victims’ rights to truth and non-repetition and supports historic memory 
initiatives.
EMPLOYING A 
DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH17
VISP strengthened institutional processes to provide care to vulnerable populations like 
women, indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and LGBTQI+ individuals. In addition, VISP fought 
gender-based violence (GBV) through training in ethnic and women’s organizations.
ACHIEVING PEACE FOR 
VICTIMS18
VISP helped the Disappeared Persons Search Unit and the Truth Commission comply 
with mandates about forced disappearance victims. It also encouraged victims’ 
participation in the Comprehensive System for Peace (SIP) and supported the JEP’s room 
of recognition of truth, responsibility and determination of the facts.
SOURCE: EVALUATION STATEMENT OF WORK, BASED ON VISP FACT SHEET
14 VISP not only supports the implementation but also the formulation of PP and PP instruments. 15 Rehabilitation under the VL also covers physical rehabilitation. VISP supported this by backing the creation of Rehabilitation 
Centers. 
16 Since the last modificatory, VISP has worked extensively to support the GoC in the implementation of Development Plans 
with Territorial Focus (PDETs, Spanish acronym) initiatives in focalized territories.
17 VISP also worked and trained public officers of GoC entities on GBV and GBV prevention. Additionally, it is important to 
mention that VISP did not provide direct services to sexual violence victims.
18 Additionally, VISP’s support to the CEV included its territorial deployment, the collection of testimonies, and the preparation 
of the final report and the legacy of the entity. Furthermore, VISP’s efforts within this component included increasing and 
strengthening victims and victims’ organizations participation before the System’s entities.
13 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
VISP’s operation was based on sub-objectives comprising different work areas related to implementing 
the VL and the Peace Accord. These sub-objectives are structured and implemented jointly with the 
GoC or victims’ organizations. Main government agency partners included the VU, the National 
Historical Memory Center (CNMH), the Ministry of Health (MoH), the Ministry of Interior (MoI), the 
National Planning Department (DNP), the Truth Commission (CEV), the Search Unit for Disappeared 
Persons (UBDP), and the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP). In addition, the program worked with 
departmental and municipal governments, as well as with victims’ organizations. 
VISP was comprised of two main implementation phases. During the first phase, between 2012 and 
2016, it worked in 33 municipalities in ten departments, focusing on supporting the design and 
implementation of information systems, strategic planning, coordination, and monitoring and evaluation 
of processes of the agencies in charge of the VL implementation. The program also focused on 
developing protocols and tools for providing physical and psychosocial rehabilitation and supporting 
processes for the services and reparation of Indigenous and Afro-Colombian people, persons with 
disabilities, women (victims of sexual violence), children, adolescents, and populations with diverse 
sexual orientations. The second implementation phase (2016 to 2022) focused on incorporating changes 
to respond to the country’s contextual situation, particularly the signing of the Peace Accord and the 
deployment of its implementing plan, targeting territories most affected by the armed conflict. 
Considering the above, VISP redefined its geographic focus for the second phase, working in six 
departments and 22 municipalities.19 During these phases, the program included activities oriented 
toward supporting institutional modifications needed to implement Point Five of the Peace Accord￾guaranteeing victims’ rights to truth, reparations, and non-repetition.
VISP’s implementation supports the achievement of USAID’s Country Development Cooperation 
Strategy (CDCS 2020-2025) goal aimed at contributing to a more stable, peaceful, and prosperous 
Colombia through inclusive governance and equitable growth and, more specifically, to the DO 1–A 
more cohesive and inclusive society resilient to conflict, and directly to IR1.1: Individuals empowered to 
recover from violence.20
19 Including those were Transitional Hamlet Zones for Normalization or Transitional Normalization Points were located. 20 As stated in VISP’s AMELP.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 14
EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND METHODOLOGY
EVALUATION QUESTIONS
Two categories of questions were defined in the evaluation statement of work. The first category is 
directly related to VISP’s performance and results framework. The second category aims to gather 
relevant data that is associated with USAID’s interests of victims’ reparations, but that may not be 
directly related to VISP. Evaluation questions are reflected below: 
INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT
1. To what extent have VISP’s (1) institutional strengthening and (2) development and implementation 
of public policies contributed to improving the assistance and service provision towards Victims? 
What were the main successes and challenges of institutional strengthening and public policy 
interventions? 
The answer to this question covers VISP’s full implementation period (ten years). However, given that 
USAID has provided support to public policies to improve the provision of services to victims through 
other activities, the evaluation team focused solely on the support provided by VISP.
2. What gaps and challenges does the GoC face in sustaining VISP-supported institutional strengthening 
and policy implementation results? 
It is essential to separate the gaps and challenges related to the public policy from those related to the 
results achieved through VISP. This question covers gaps and challenges identified throughout the ten 
years of the program implementation.
PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL SERVICES 
3. To what extent have VISP-funded interventions increased access to physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have been the main factors that contributed to improvement or that delayed 
these services?
This question focuses mainly on physical and psychosocial rehabilitation, with a specific focus on VISP. 
This question considered contextual factors that contributed to improving or delaying access to 
services.
4. What are the main strengths and weaknesses of the Community Agent Model (CAM)? 
The evaluation team answered this question by focusing on the CAM from the ACOPLE and GoC 
perspectives. VISP did not support this model.21 
CIVIL SOCIETY VISP PILOT PROJECTS 
5. What were the lessons learned and results of the VISP pilot projects developed to strengthen the 
capacity of CSOs in the areas of economic empowerment, employability, and incidence in public 
policies? 
21 However, some ACOPLE results and developments were taken into account in VISP’s operation and relation to the MOH. 
15 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
For CSOs, the evaluation team considered what was directly done by VISP. It did not consider 
assistance delivered by CODHES and Fundación Arcángeles. As a result, USAID expects to receive 
broad recommendations by the assessment team ranging from supporting the scaling-up of pilot projects 
that were already performed to adding pilot projects to future programming.
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
6. What have been GoC actions, results, and lessons learned to improve the economic stability of 
victims? Is there a need for USAID programming in this area? What should be the strategic focus of 
this programming?
This question considers work in collaboration with the GoC and includes achievements in regard to 
improving income generation for victims and victims’ organizations. The approach to this question goes 
beyond the VISP pilot projects covered by the previous question.
PEACE ACCORD IMPLEMENTATION
7. What are the main results and lessons learned of the VISP institutional and technical adaptation 
strategy to support the Peace Accord implementation? What challenges does USAID still face with 
regard to Peace Accord victims’ interventions?
STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT
8. What were the main challenges, opportunities, and contributions of stakeholder engagement to 
achieve results under VISP? What are recommended improvements to future programming?
Stakeholders include CSOs, national and regional entities, academia, and the private sector. The 
following exhibit summarizes the evaluation questions and reflects the program logic model:
Exhibit 1. Program Logic Model and Evaluation Questions. 
SOURCE: AUTHOR’S ELABORATION
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 16
METHODOLOGY
The evaluation methodology is summarized below. The detailed methodology can be found in Annex D 
of this report. 
The evaluation relied on mixed methods, recognizing that the combination of quantitative and qualitative 
methods enables understanding and evaluating complex interventions such as VISP. For example, i) 
VISP’s support was aimed at the implementation of a novel and far-reaching VL and Peace Accord; ii) 
VISP carried out diverse and far-reaching actions; iii) VISP worked with a multiplicity of diverse actors, 
and iv) VISP’s period of implementation was extensive. A mixed method approach provides diverse 
evidence and insights to analyze VISP’s outcomes while exploring the determinant factors behind its 
results, including complex contextual factors. 
The evaluation team designed an evaluation matrix to orient the definition of the methodology and 
address each of the eight evaluation questions. Using this, we defined the scope and emphasis to answer 
each question adequately. To this end, we defined 47 analytical categories and 118 analytical sub￾categories. We then defined a set of critical themes and identified the key informants, data sources, 
quantitative indicators, and methodology required to address each. 
As the first component of the qualitative analysis, we carried out the review, content analysis, and 
strategic summary of over 120 relevant documents. These included VISP documents such as reports, 
work plans, and the systematization of methodologies and best practices. We also reviewed legal, 
academic, and evaluation reports on topics related to the general implementation of the VL and the 
Peace Accord.22 We used the first set of documents to gain an in-depth understanding of the program’s 
main goals, activities, and results. We used the second set of documents to gain contextual information 
relevant to answering the evaluation questions beyond VISP’s direct implementation. 
With regard to the main qualitative analysis process, we collected qualitative data through more than 
159 semi-structured interviews conducted at the national and local levels. VISP’s implementation 
incorporated diverse actors. We interviewed actors from 33 agencies/organizations (e.g., public 
agencies, implementing partners, hospitals, victims’ roundtables, victim’s organizations, NGOs, experts, 
and other cooperation agencies).23 Based on a match of key analytical topics and key informants, we 
developed 67 different semi-structured interview protocols.24 In conducting local interviews, we 
selected twelve municipalities in six departments of Colombia. The criteria included selecting 
departments from different regions and covering two types of municipalities: department capitals and 
smaller, dispersed rural municipalities. Additional selection criteria included municipalities that 
participated in the two phases of VISP implementation; hospitals offering rehabilitation services; and 
territories where the Community Agent Model (CAM) was implemented, or those where VISP’s 
economic empowerment pilot activities took place. To test instruments, we carried out three pilots, 
22 The list of documents is available in Annex F. 23 The evaluation team ensured that it interviewed a diverse range of evaluation participants representing various genders, ages 
and ethnicities. Ethical considerations regarding interviews with victims and other actors are addressed in Annex D. It is worth 
noting that the recommendations result from the conclusions and findings, which were based on a diverse sample of voices, 
thus acknowledging different life experiences and forms of knowledge.
24 The list of interviewees is detailed in Annex F. The interview formularies are described in Annex E.
17 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
one at the national level (Bogotá), one in a department capital (Florencia, Caquetá), and one in a smaller 
municipality (La Montañita).25
Given that our qualitative fieldwork implied working with persons in vulnerable conditions, specific and 
appropriate ethical guidelines were considered. Throughout the qualitative data collection and analysis 
processes, we integrated basic ethical principles for the protection of human research subjects. We 
sought to recognize the autonomy of our participants; we adopted the commitment of ‘do no harm’ and 
we avoided imposing unnecessary burdens on participants during interviews. We carried out the 
principles ensuring the privacy, confidentiality, and safety of participants who provided consent to 
participate in the evaluation. The team managed qualitative data following secure protocols. All audio, 
transcriptions, and qualitative coding reports are under the MEL Activity’s supervision and care and will 
not be disclosed to other stakeholders. Finally, in the evaluation report and its annexes, all excerpts of 
interviews were anonymized. 
With respect to the quantitative component of the evaluation, we carried out an analysis employing a 
variety of secondary data sources and statistical methodologies. We identified existing data from 
administrative sources and program databases, as well as data from previous studies and surveys related 
to VL and Peace Accord topics. We utilized 10 databases, including, among others, VISP’s information 
system, the RUV, datasets of rehabilitation services, the Individual Registry of Provision of Health 
Services (RIPS), the System of Identification of Potential Beneficiaries (SISBEN), and the VL survey 
conducted by IOM in 2016 and 2017.26
Data from these sources was analyzed using several statistical methodologies, depending on the nature 
of the data. For data available for one year, we carried out statistical tests comparing, when possible, 
data from VISP-targeted municipalities and similar municipalities not covered by the program. We also 
applied logistic regressions to identify how socioeconomic and contextual factors affect relevant 
outcome variables, including access to rehabilitation services and participation in spaces related to 
implementing the Peace Accord. For panel (i.e., longitudinal) data, we used a quasi-experimental 
approach to compare the changes in outcomes over time between VISP-supported and non-supported 
municipalities. Finally, we complemented the quantitative analysis with descriptive analysis to analyze 
product or outcome indicator changes.27
As a final component of the quantitative analysis, we carried out two online surveys. Through the first 
survey, we gathered data from 48 victims’ service points in VISP-supported municipalities and in similar 
municipalities as a comparison group. We included questions to assess equipment availability and service 
access, human resources availability and capacity, type and sustainability of VISP support provided, and 
perceptions of VISP support. In addition, we conducted a second online survey of 32 health facilities, 
including facilities strengthened by the program as well as non-supported facilities as a comparison 
group.28 Through this data, we addressed access to physical rehabilitation services, victim identification 
process implementation, incorporation of differential approaches, type, and sustainability of VISP support 
provided, and perceptions of VISP support.
25 More details on the pilot and planning of qualitative analysis are presented in Annex D. 26 The list of secondary quantitative data sources is detailed in Annex F. 27 Details on the quantitative analysis can be found in Annex D. 28 The digital survey formularies can be found in Annex E.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 18
The evaluation design utilized triangulation to integrate quantitative and qualitative methodologies, 
including instruments, data sources, data collection, analysis, and consolidation of results to answer the 
eight evaluation questions comprehensively. In addition, we included a cross-cutting gender and 
vulnerable populations perspective in the analysis.
The evaluation design began in December 2021. The data was collected between February and March 
2022. Data analysis was carried out between April and June 2022, and the final report was developed 
between July and August 2022. Through this mixed methods analysis, and after carrying out workshops 
with the implementing partner, USAID, and the MEL Activity, we identified 110 findings, 57 conclusions, 
and 78 recommendations.29
A number of limitations to the evaluation should be noted, despite the evaluation design having 
benefited from diverse and robust methodological approaches and good quality data. Limitations 
included challenges with collecting data during a long (ten-year) implementation period and from a 
diverse set of actors. Another challenge was VISP’s broad and sustained support for various actions 
related to the implementation of the VL, which in some cases made it difficult to distinguish results, 
advances, and challenges directly resulting from VISP versus those resulting from the general 
implementation of the VL. The team also faced quantitative data collection challenges. This included 
possible spill-over effects from VISP-targeted and non-targeted municipalities, leading to insufficiently 
robust Differences in Differences results.30 Another set of quantitative data limitations included the use 
of the VL survey conducted by the IOM, in which the sample of municipalities was not entirely the same 
in both survey applications, nor was the complete set of questions available, reducing comparability.
29 These findings, conclusions, and recommendations are presented in Annex C. 30 After carrying out a detailed analysis of VISP projects, implementation characteristics, and data available, we decided not to 
include Differences in Differences (DID) results for various reasons that resulted in the non-fulfilment of the assumptions that 
are necessary to obtain valid DID results. Even if VISP municipalities were a reference to target part of the work jointly 
conducted by VISP and national agencies, in many cases, the support included other municipalities or even the whole country. 
Thus, the definition of the treatment and control groups varies and there is potential sample contamination. Additional details 
are included in Annex D.
19 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
EVALUATION FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND 
RECOMMENDATIONS
This report section is structured to present the main evaluation findings, conclusions, and 
recommendations. These are organized per evaluation question and then according to analytical topics. 
For further details and findings, see Annex B - Supplemental Analysis and Data. For a compilation of the 
findings and their correspondence with conclusions and recommendations, refer to Annex C - Findings, 
Conclusions, and Recommendations Table. For details on the implementation measures of the 
recommendations, see Annex A – Recommendations Matrix.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ASSISTANCE AND SERVICE PROVISION TOWARDS VICTIMS
Question 1. To what extent has VISP (1) institutional strengthening and (2) development and 
implementation of public policies contributed to improving the assistance and service provision towards 
Victims? What were the main successes and challenges of this institutional strengthening and public 
policy interventions?
FINDINGS 
VICTIM’S REGISTRY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
F.1.1. VISP’s support for diagnosing victims’ socioeconomic characteristics and identifying their needs 
stands out. The program supported targeted municipalities with equipment, training, and technical 
assistance to apply instruments (surveys) in coordination with the VU to measure socioeconomic 
conditions and service needs and to obtain indicators to report to agencies tasked with follow-up and 
monitoring. Various interviewees referenced how the information collected fed different public records 
and registries, improving follow-up and monitoring processes of the implementation of the VL and 
serving as an input for action plans and budgets. As one interviewee shared: 
“There is another great line that the IOM supports…, which is to characterize the victim population. Why is 
the characterization of the victim population done? One of the many benefits is advancing the 
measurements that the Constitutional Court itself determines (…). In a coordinated manner with IOM, we 
were able to support the development of the characterization in several municipalities.” (Local VU)
“Thanks to VISP, we were able to start the task. At the time, it was very premature to identify the sources of 
financing and what was executed on victims... So, I think that the initial support, at the time, was what we
achieved through training and technical understanding that other dependencies execute resources. So, if I’m 
not wrong, that was an increase of almost 600 percent in our resource report.” (Local Government)
F.1.2. The creation of the VIVANTO, a process developed by the VU with VISP’s support, improved 
the relevance of the assistance provided to victims, allowing different public agencies to identify 
individuals directly and efficiently. The consolidation of this system reduced the time between the 
statement and registration in the RUV through the online recording of the victim’s statements. 
“Vivanto has allowed all entities access to victim information and has streamlined care processes. Even the 
army, for example, gave the military card to the victims, we had that protocol of sending gigantic lists for us 
to validate them, and today they do it online. They now do it directly on the VIVANTO tool or through its 
services.” (National VU)
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 20
As reflected in Exhibit 2 below, the consolidation of information systems reduced the time between the 
victim’s statement and their registration in the RUV, demonstrating how these factors improve the 
quality of services provided to victims. 31 
Exhibit 2. Average time between the targeted and observed days between the declaration and its evaluation in VISP 
municipalities. 
SOURCE: INFORMATION SYSTEM OF USAID PROGRAMS (MONITOR)
F.1.3. VISP supported the development of virtual training materials and tutorials for information 
systems. It also contributed to designing and implementing a tool for local management (HGL) to 
support local governments using information systems and reporting processes. Local actors interviewed 
recognized the support provided by the program:
“Yes, they trained us, they gave us technical assistance on the whole platform issue, that had been a [….] 
headache, and they gave us technical assistance on that, on the report that must be done on the platform 
and that.” (Local Government)
Training processes enabled improvements such as increased information sharing of victims included in 
the Registry for the Location and Characterization of Persons with Disabilities (RLCPD). As reflected in 
Exhibit 3, in VISP-supported municipalities, the increase was higher than the national level, closing the 
gap observed at the beginning of the period. 
Exhibit 3. Victims in the RLCPD as a proportion of the total population registered, 2013 – 2019 (percent). 
SOURCE: MONITOR; MUNICIPALITIES INCLUDED IN THE PROJECT. MEDELLÍN, APARTADÓ, TURBO, CARTAGENA, POPAYÁN, QUIBDÓ, RIOHACHA AND SANTA MARTA
31 More data results and additional respondent quotes referenced throughout the findings can be found in Annex B.
21 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION
F.1.4 VISP made structural contributions to the rehabilitation strategies for victims (PAPSIVI, EREG, and 
Entrelazando). These contributions included support in designing the emotional care methodologies and 
operations in the territories, encouragement of victim participation in each program, and support in 
shifting to virtual care processes during the COVID-19 pandemic (in EREG). VISP also designed and 
operated the rehabilitation actions in the ethnic and non-ethnic Ruta de Reparación Colectiva.32 
“VISP supported the Ministry’s Social Promotion Office with highly experienced professionals in psychosocial 
care processes for victims of armed conflict, and from a specific team, also from its interdisciplinary training 
(…) and with a differential approach (…) For several years, they supported us with a team of experts in 
health for the implementation and improvement of the comprehensive health care protocol for victims with a 
psychosocial approach.” (MOH)
Perception indicators of surveys and follow-up tools reveal a high level of satisfaction with the 
rehabilitation services among victims: 
Exhibit 4. Share of victims who positively rate the psychosocial rehabilitation service received in VISP municipalities – 2016
(percent).
SOURCE: VL SURVEY
F.1.5 VISP supported the training processes of community agents working on rehabilitation strategies in 
Entrelazando, EREG, and PAPSIVI. The training has strengthened their community and institutional 
management capacity and has improved access to these services. However, the training processes for 
community agent roles do not tend to formalize knowledge, and agents do not receive a salary (except 
in PAPSIVI).33 Some interviewees that are community leaders cited the lack of salary payment despite 
the high time investment and care that their work entails. They indicated this could generate tensions 
between community agents’ personal lives and their work as community leaders:
“Sometimes we had to leave our family, abandon our activities to dedicate ourselves to the community. It 
was something that complicated our lives; we solved something in the community, but something in the 
family was damaged (...) because we tried to get things done at night, just as we were aware that in our 
32 As defined by the VU, the Ruta de Reparación Colectiva (Collective Reparation Route) is the means to heal the wounds and 
rebuild a productive and harmonious life in community, hand in hand with victims and a State that can be trusted.
33 Systematic processes of recognition of knowledge/skills by entities endorsed by the Ministry of Education, job training 
(Law 1064/2006), promotion of access to technical or professional education in related areas.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 22
house we had expenses and everything, we had to make an enormous effort (…) And since we worked in 
the fields picking coffee, then there was one day I worked in the house, and another day I dedicated myself 
completely to that thing. It was very hard for us.” (Victim who had a community agent role in 
rehabilitation strategies)
F.1.6 VISP supported the monitoring, evaluation, and systematization of the rehabilitation measure 
strategies. There are analyses in terms of perception, results, and coverage. However, there are no 
processes for evaluating the strategies’ effectiveness in achieving the outcome of emotional recovery 
(input and output measurements) or achieving the goals set forth by the rehabilitation measure.
“All the indicators that have been on the public policy up to now, are of the number of people, but the 
number of people, as the law indicates, is a clear indicator of process, but it is not the indicator of result that 
the law expects. The law does expect indicators of emotional recovery.” (MOH)
F.1.7 VISP facilitated mainstreaming the psychosocial approach across other victims’ reparation 
measures. VISP achieved this by designing and operationalizing support actions for relatives of victims of 
forced disappearance, taking statements from victims of sexual violence, the ‘Tejiéndonos’ strategy, and 
supporting decision-making processes of victims with disabilities. VISP also supported the humanitarian 
demining strategy, the development of commemoration and historic memory initiatives, and cross￾cutting psychosocial support activities related to economic compensation and income generation 
activities.
Incorporating the psychosocial approach and the do-no-harm strategies in social programs, in addition 
to general technical and public policy recommendations, can, as is documented in the literature, benefit 
emotional recovery and enhance victims’ participation in the programs.34
F.1.8 VISP promoted the institutionalization of emotional care strategies for people and organizations 
that guide and assist victims, as well as the ownership of self-care and mutual care actions from public 
officials, victims, and leaders.35 This was done by recognizing these practices as inputs to improving the 
quality-of-care processes, facilitating inter-institutional relationships, and contributing to the sustainability 
of care and victims’ support processes with a psychosocial focus.
“We set about a very important task, which was to design for the PAPSIVI teams and the VU teams, 
emotional care strategies that would allow them a little relief from the emotional burden and the stress 
generated by empathy (...), an element that distanced the victims from appropriate dignified attention and 
burned-out the officials (...). And what we did from that strategy of emotional care for officials, we 
transformed it into emotional care for leaders, for women leaders, and members of victims’ organizations, 
and with time (...) well, we adapted the methodology again (...) we brought together the Prosecutor’s Office, 
we brought together the UNP, we brought together the Human Rights Police, we brought together the 
Houses of Justice, the Ombudsman (…) also to work on these strategies while we worked with the leaders, 
34 Standards for psychosocial actions in the public policy of care, assistance, and comprehensive reparation for VISP-IOM-DNP, 
2019.
35 Within the support for the improvement of psychosocial and community rehabilitation services, VISP began to implement a 
Comprehensive Care Strategy which includes an emotional care component.
23 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
and then we established bridges of communication between them to work with more certainty in their 
processes.” (Local IOM)
PHYSICAL REHABILITATION
F.1.9 VISP’s support for the MOH was fundamental in creating and consolidating a physical/functional 
rehabilitation model with a biopsychosocial approach in the health system’s medium to low complexity 
levels. The main contributions of VISP included: 
• The conceptual design of the model; 
• Restoration and provision of spaces; 
• The orientation of the qualification process; 
• Training, updating, and supporting health/administrative professionals; 
• Marketing dissemination of the services offered; 
• Supporting the dialogue between different parties within the Social Security in Health System 
(SGSSS) and the National System of Care and Comprehensive Reparation for Victims of the 
Armed Conflict (SNARIV); 
• Supporting the implementation of disability certification; and 
• Supporting rehabilitation and health service protocols for victims of anti-personnel mines. 
All interviewed local hospitals agree on the depth and relevance of VISP’s support:
“IOM has supported us with the provision of the more expensive biomedical equipment, with the training of 
human talent to be able to provide the functional rehabilitation service: physiotherapy, occupational and 
speech therapy. They have been supporting us with the implementation of the biopsychosocial care model 
(...) since the staff has been trained to provide services and implement this biopsychosocial approach in 
caring for people with functional rehabilitation.” (Local hospital)
F.1.10 VISP-supported rehabilitation centers in local hospitals have become benchmarks for offering 
comprehensive health care to victims, communities, and neighboring areas. Local actors report that 
introducing these facilities has led to greater adherence to treatments given the reduction in costs and 
travel times to them.
“Not only do they become municipal referents for the issue of rehabilitation, no, but they also become nodes, 
that is, for example, in Policarpa can [attend patients] from Duitama, it can attend [patients from] other 
municipalities (…) when you establish service rehabilitation in these municipalities, it is easier for people to 
access.” (Local IOM)
“The patient used to go to the first, to the second therapy, and the patient did not return. He didn’t come 
back; why? Because it costs him transportation because he has to stay in Florencia, there are more expenses, 
and he feels good and says, “why am I going if I’m fine now and I don’t need the other stuff anymore.” So, I 
think that with the rehabilitation services created, patients have more adherence to treatments and can 
finish treatments” (Local Health Center).
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 24
COLLECTIVE REPARATIONS
F.1.11 VISP supported Collective Comprehensive Reparation Plans36 in targeted regions, implementing 
activities with both institutional and civil society actors and strengthening government efforts to provide 
reparations to collective subjects affected by the armed conflict.
“On the issue of collective reparation, the IOM coordinated with the Ombudsman’s Office to support 
workshops, damage characterization workshops, sightings with indigenous communities.” (Local VU)
VISP established that five collective reparations plans would reach level five of development and three of
them would reach level six as a final goal.37 VISP achieved 80 percent (four plans) and 133 percent (four 
plans) of this goal, respectively. 
ECONOMIC COMPENSATIONS
F.1.12 VISP supported the delivery of financial compensation through inter-institutional territorial 
workshops (VU and local governments) that provided entrepreneurship training through the VU’s 
Companion Program. It also helped coordinate actions with psychosocial rehabilitation services offered 
by the VU and the MOH. However, as noted by several interviewees, challenges persist in 
institutionalizing, deepening, and making this type of support sustainable, as well as ensuring that it is 
provided before providing compensation. 
“... we suggested to the... IOM team needed to coordinate actions to support us in some workshops, which 
was constant (...) From the very socialization of the strategy. That is key, to facilitate joint strategies, in the 
same workshops service fairs.” (Local VU)
VISP included indicators on the number of economic compensation payments transferred to victims 
within its activity monitoring, evaluation, and learning plan (AMELP). These goals were achieved every 
year, as reflected in Exhibit 5:
Exhibit 5. Number of financial reparation transfers sent by the VU in VISP. 
SOURCE: MONITOR
36 The Comprehensive Collective Reparation Plans are defined between the GoC and Subjects of Collective Reparation (SCR) 
communities to identify priorities and actions to be provided to advance the comprehensive reparation of communities. These 
instruments are defined in articles 151 and 167 of the VL.
37 As defined in VISP’s AMELP, level five is “plans are budgeted” and level six is “the plans have committed partners”.
25 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
The data also reflects that more women victims have accessed financial compensation, representing an 
improvement in the implementation of the VL’s gender differential approach, as shown in Exhibit 6.
Exhibit 6. Distribution of financial compensations sent by the Victims Unit in VISP municipalities by gender. 
SOURCE: USAID/COLOMBIA MONITOR
Regarding the Companion Program, data shows that in 2016, workshop participation reached the 
maximum limit of the number of participants. However, after 2016, the program became less important 
within the GoC and, therefore, within VISP’s work plans. This indicates that the coordination of 
economic compensation with workshops and support was not systematically and permanently carried 
out. 
Exhibit 7. Number of victims that participated in Companion Workshops. 
SOURCE: VU
As reflected in Exhibit 8, when asked about results related to victims’ financial compensation, a greater 
number of interviewees referred to challenges and gaps than to achievements. 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 26
Exhibit 8. Strengths and challenges in actions of other reparations to victims, number of times the topic was mentioned in the 
interviews. Qualitative data was codified in these categories to facilitate identification.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY THE EVALUATION TEAM
INCOME GENERATION
F.1.13 While VISP’s support for victims’ income generation actions was not central to the program, its 
experience supporting the implementation of the Mi Negocio program was successful.38 This support 
increased victims’ access to the program, strengthened its follow-up component, and developed extra 
material for the entrepreneurship strengthening process regarding environmental considerations.
“In Mi Negocio, everything was written, it had its methodologies... but we also contributed with a Daily Book 
for account management, and some Environmental Management Guides, which were an added value that 
we gave to DPS (...) “ we also try to make that workshop exercises a little more practical.” (National IOM)
“What Mi Negocio had was more of a visit to verify what it received and see how it is doing... what we did 
was have some professionals in the territory to strengthen this, and to have a greater number of visits, 
especially in those where we saw the risk as very high, and the implementing partner was not able to 
emphasize it.” (National IOM)
EMPLOYABILITY 
F.1.14. Regarding employment, VISP supported critical aspects, including introducing a differential 
approach for victims in the Ruta de Empleabilidad (Employment Pathway), the design and implementation 
of different training and employability processes, the capacity-building of service providers for 
38 This is a Department for Social Prosperity (DPS) program that provides entrepreneurship support and financial resources to 
individuals who have an idea or existing production unit, and who live in poverty. 
27 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
employability, the construction of tools such as implementation guides, and the systematization of 
experiences. 
As a 2017 VISP report mentioned, the program supported the design and implementation of a 
differential approach pathway for victims for the National Learning Service (SENA), contributing to 
4,985 victims being enrolled in training programs.
“But that’s why the key is the agency, the intermediary because you have to give the skills to the one who 
serves the victim, who identifies the victim’s problems, who manages to close the gap, who goes to the 
company to get the vacancy, the one who convinces the employer to work on differential approaches and on 
labor inclusion approaches and the one who manages to make the click saying “I have here the person you 
need and he is a victim, but he will be useful for what you need.” (Public Employment Service)
SATISFACTION AND NON-REPETITION MEASURES39
F.1.15. Regarding historical memory, VISP supported the structuring of the National Center for 
Historical Memory, disseminating reports and material through various channels, developing pedagogies, 
and implementing historical memory initiatives at the local level.
Between 2013 and 2016, VISP supported 28 historical memory and truth grassroots initiatives, 
surpassing the established target (24). In VISP-supported municipalities, the share of victims aware of 
historical memory initiatives increased while it decreased in comparable non-supported municipalities. 
Despite these improvements, the percentage of victims aware of historical memory actions remains low.
Exhibit 9. Victims aware of historical memory initiatives in VISP comparable municipalities (percent) (PSM results). 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
*MEDELLÍN, APARTADÓ, QUIBDÓ, RIOSUCIO AND PASTO **CHANGES ARE NOT STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT
During the program’s second phase, historical memory initiatives became less important within the GoC 
and therefore, within VISP’s work plans.40 The share of VISP resources invested in this topic decreased 
from 11.1 percent during the first phase to 0.6 percent in the last, and the number of projects decreased 
from 57 to three. Again, these dynamics relate to changes in the priorities of the GoC. These initiatives 
did not have a high level of recognition among local actors interviewed for the evaluation.
39 According to the Victims Unit (VU), satisfaction measures are part of the individual and collective dimensions of victim 
reparations, which seek to compensate the pain through the reconstruction of the truth, the dissemination of historical 
memory and the dignity of the victims.
40 Furthermore, actions related to historical memory started to be implemented by other programs (Programs of Alliances for 
Reconciliation). 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 28
PARTICIPATION
F.16. VISP provided comprehensive support resulting in the effective participation of victims. The 
program worked with various national and local public entities in disseminating, implementing, and 
positioning the participation protocol.41 Its role was also crucial in strengthening, giving visibility, and 
providing permanent support to the victims’ participation roundtables, as strongly recognized by various 
actors interviewed.
“With the victims’ participation roundtables, we have worked on human rights training, we have given 
training and technical support for the exercise of enforceability, which they must do. Their function is to carry 
out political advocacy for the guarantee of rights. In the technical secretariat of the departmental victims’ 
roundtable, we were accompanying the IOM in the institutional strengthening project.” (Local 
Ombudsman’s office)
Quantitative data corroborates this finding, showing, for example, that the proportion of victims who 
reported participating in victims’ roundtables or organizations was higher in VISP-supported 
municipalities in 2021.
Exhibit 10. Victims who report participation in victims’ roundtables or 
victims’ organizations – 2021 (*). (PSM results, corresponding to average municipality results)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
INCLUSION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH
F.1.17 By collaborating with various administrative levels of government, VISP supported the 
formulation, operationalization, and socialization of public policy instruments to incorporate differential 
approaches (women, indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and LGBTQI+ individuals) as a central part of the VL. 
The national public policy required support to define goals and actions for victims within various 
vulnerable groups (women, indigenous, Afro-Colombian, persons with disabilities, and LGBTQI+ 
individuals). At the departmental and municipal levels, VISP attempted to operationalize the national 
public policy for these minority groups, incorporating actions into local planning processes and 
supporting social ownership through collaboration between local institutions, ethnic authorities, victims’ 
41 The participation protocol is a guideline or step-by-step guide of the responsibilities for participation of victims in processes 
related to the implementation of the VL. It was developed by the VU and is implemented by local governments, victims’ 
organizations, and other actors of the SNARIV.
29 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
organizations, and leaders of the victim population. Local actors interviewed widely recognized these 
advances:
“There was a process of constructing the ethnic briefcase; It was a briefcase with tools for the indigenous 
and Afro peoples that allowed them to understand the decrees 4633 and 4635. These decrees were issued, 
but there was no one to socialize them […]. So, they (IOM) made the ethnic briefcase. This had all the 
pedagogical content of the decrees. That was early when all the institutional and community strengthening 
was done for the victims to understand and socialize the decrees.” (Ethnic authorities)
F.1.18 VISP supported local governments in incorporating differential approaches for service provision 
to victims through identification processes, training public officials, and renovating service centers. 
First, the program helped local governments identify victims within various vulnerable groups (youth, 
women, indigenous, Afro-Colombian, the elderly, and LGBTQI+ individuals) by incorporating this 
information into the RUV and other information systems. Second, VISP trained local governments and 
national public entities to incorporate of differential approaches. Third, VISP initiated a key intervention 
by providing equipment and supporting victim service centers and Ombudsperson’s offices that provide 
services to meet the special needs of minority victims’ groups (e.g., persons with disabilities and 
indigenous persons). 
Interviewees pointed out, however, that there is still work to do with regard to: a) strengthening 
rehabilitation measures for ethnic and indigenous communities, taking into account the customs, 
traditional knowledge, and specific understanding of health and well-being of these groups; b) advancing 
support of service centers for ethnic communities and persons with disabilities; c) consolidating a key 
pathway to comprehensive reparation for victims living abroad; and d) advancing comprehensive service 
and reparation access specific to youth victims coordinating these efforts with income generation and 
employability support interventions. 
F.1.19 VISP provided strategic support for developing and implementing psychosocial care protocols for 
women victims of sexual violence and for children and adolescents. Nonetheless, during the period of 
performance, the fulfillment of related program objectives faced challenges. 
VISP played an essential role in working with the VU to formulate psychosocial service strategies for 
women victims of sexual violence and children and adolescent victims of the armed conflict. It also 
supported implementation and awareness-raising in regard to these guidelines. 
“Another achievement that I think is very important for the program was working with the VU and many 
victims in developing a strategy for the attention of victims of sexual violence in the context of the armed 
conflict. I think it is a crucial technical and political element that was developed. It gave the VU the capacity 
to respond to this victimizing act and also gave a slightly more assertive response than the women or victims 
expected in the context of their reparation.” (Local IOM)
Nonetheless, an analysis of VISP’s indicators and results demonstrates that related goals were not 
reached during the program’s implementation. For example, VISP established an annual target number of 
victims of sexual violence participating in the comprehensive reparation strategy. Although fulfillment of 
this result surpassed 85 percent in 2017 and 2018, in 2019, the VU changed its priorities and decided to 
pause this process, thus truncating advances made in the previous years, as the following exhibit shows.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 30
Exhibit 11. Number of victims of sexual violence participating in the comprehensive reparation. 
SOURCE: VISP AMELP INDICATORS 
F.1.20 By supporting research and implementing community activities to preserve traditional 
knowledge, VISP contributed to historical memory building using a differential approach. In particular, 
VISP supported the CNMH in developing research on minority groups’ historical memory. One of the 
most significant achievements consistently mentioned in the historical memory process with a 
differential focus is the report on LGBTQI+. At the local level, VISP supported local memory initiatives 
emphasizing working with women, the elderly, and ethnic communities to preserve memory and 
traditional cultural knowledge. These include collective reparations plans, PDET, April 9 
commemoration day, among other initiatives. 
“Another project was the gastronomic festival to strengthen the ethnic identity in San José de Uré. This is a 
multi-ethnic municipality; This project has an ethnic focus and a different approach because women also 
participated. This project aimed to strengthen skills that these communities already had, such as gastronomy; 
what was done was strengthening this process that they have been working on and which is also part of their 
ancestry.” (Local ART)
F.1.21 VISP strengthened the participation of minority groups representing victims in victims’ 
participation roundtables and Territorial Committees of Transitional Justice (CTJT). VISP also provided 
training for all victims’ representatives on incorporating differential approaches. The program sought to 
reach a participation rate of 33 percent by minority groups in the CTJT of targeted municipalities, 
including Afro-descendant and indigenous authorities. The program reached 139 percent of the target 
for Afro-descendant authorities and 85 percent of the target for indigenous authorities. 
Many victims interviewed as a part of the evaluation expressed that they continue to face limitations in 
effectively participating in decision-making scenarios. The challenge for them is not only to incorporate 
various approaches in roundtable implementation but also in their planning and logistical processes, so 
there are adequate measures to guarantee the minority group victims’ participation.
“I think working with greater rigor in this matter is necessary. For example, we saw in the participation 
roundtables that, in many cases, a woman could not attend because the husband had no one to cook for 
him; he could not stay alone in the house because there was no one to take care of the child. So, there are 
31 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
still marked situations where the one who has to take care of the child or has to cook are women. There are 
still quite big gaps.” (Local government)
DECENTRALIZATION OF THE VL
F.1.22 In terms of decentralization of the VL, VISP supported the dissemination, greater awareness of, 
and implementation of the VL by strengthening the capacities of local governments as delegated by the 
VL. The territorial strengthening model developed by VISP and the Ministry of Interior (MOI) was a 
fundamental tool in advancing these areas.
“Yes, we received support at decentralized levels (...) in this case from MOI and IOM through the VISP 
Program, because it was like the first steps in the national co-responsibility strategy, which I experienced as a 
liaison of the municipality of Pasto, when we were starting, so to speak, to involve different actors in the 
implementation of the policy, through regulatory support. So, I think that the root of the support or the most 
valuable part of the support in this case of the VISP Program and MOI was to pay attention to how we 
implement the co-responsibility strategy and how we can make it a reality.” (Local Government)
In analyzing the capacity index to implement the VL, built with VISP’s support, the evaluation team found 
a significant increase in the institutional capacity across all phases of the territorial strengthening 
model.42 In addition, we noted significant advances across all index components (technical, 
administrative, management, and coordination capacities).
Exhibit 12. Capacity Index to implement VL. Each phase refers to collecting the data in a different set of municipalities. Shares 
are in percentages
SOURCE: USAID/COLOMBIA MONITOR
COMMUNICATION OF THE VL
F.1.23 VISP contributed to disseminating the VL’s content, pathways, and protocols with a particular 
focus on the territories. Communications support included communicating local responsibilities and 
roles for effective victims’ participation. Specifically, at the national level, VISP provided technical support 
in designing and disseminating the protocol for the effective participation of victims and the decree of 
co-responsibility to strengthen national and territorial coordination. In turn, at the local level, the 
program supported training mayors and local VU offices on their new participation and communication
42 Details on the index and its results are available in Annex B.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 32
functions. VISP also supported the orientation and training of victims through the victims’ participation 
tables. Actors interviewed recognized these advances:
“The socialization of the VL. This opens a new door so that any person can know where to apply for it, 
starting with that, which we count on the support of.... the IOM, through material that was disseminated, 
strategies that generated the delivery of materials, booklets, brochures that I remember, well, let’s say it is a 
very big topic.” (Local VU)
The advances as a result of VISP’s support are consistent with data from the VL survey showing that the 
percentage of victims aware of the law is higher in VISP-supported municipalities than in non-supported 
municipalities (40.1 percent vs. 35.2 percent).
Exhibit 13. Percentage of awareness of VL, 2016 – 2021 (PSM results). 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
Consistently, the evaluation team also found that the percentage of victims aware of sexual violence and 
victim’s rights was moderately higher in VISP-supported municipalities than in non-supported ones, and 
this share increased overtime. 
Exhibit 14. Victims aware of sexual violence and victims’ rights – 2016-2021 (PSM results). 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
33 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE VL
F.1.24. VISP supported improvements in the monitoring and follow-up processes of control 
institutions’, including the design and measurement of M&E indicators and the training of public officials 
in implementing M&E procedures.43 The program also supported the development of accountability 
mechanisms. Different actors interviewed at both the national and local levels recognized the program’s 
support: 
“IOM applied a monitoring and follow-up procedure of results, which also seemed very appropriate because 
internally […] the planning offices are not good for that nor are the internal control offices […... ....] Then, 
since there was no monitoring and follow-up tool, the IOM provided the technical committees with a strategy 
or a tool that allowed us to monitor and follow up on the management achieved or the results achieved 
through the process.” (National Ombudsman office)44
F.1.25. VISP’s internal M&E strategy allowed effective measurement of advances and bottlenecks in the 
program’s implementation and provided the ability to take corrective actions at opportune moments.
“We did have a very clear (monitoring and follow-up) system. I think that, in addition, it was very 
participatory. In other words, it was never like the monitoring area over there looking to see what was 
invented, what it said, and what it reported. Everyone had some functions in monitoring, and I have always 
said that monitoring, follow-up, and monitoring are like a culture... So, I think this has been fundamental in 
the life of the program, and that is part... also as the results that we were able to make the adjustments that 
we had to make at the time.” (IOM National)
F.1.26. VISP supported the MOI’s RUSICST45 information system strengthening, as well as strategic 
planning and M&E processes at the local level. This helped to consolidate the monitoring and follow-up 
of the VL implementation in the territory, serving as an input for local planning processes and providing 
support to local governments depending on their specific capabilities and needs related to victims’ 
service and reparation measures.
The above is evidenced by the increase in the share of municipalities that uploaded the unified report 
RUSICST (reaching 95 percent). This reflects a statistically significant increase that was higher in VISP￾supported municipalities (increasing from an initial 69 percent) than in non-supported municipalities 
(increasing from an initial 75 percent). However, despite these advances, the redundancy of some 
information systems requiring similar follow-up reports by local governments generates extra workload. 
It diminishes the quality of the reporting process, as was noted by some interviewees:
“Unfortunately, in recent years or months, there have been some duplications in the issues of monitoring and 
follow-up information systems, which affect the territorial entities themselves [...] It is that there was a 
separation, so to speak, RUSICST was always with the Ministry of Interior and Victims Unit at the time; there 
was a strategy that was separate from RUSICST, which was called the PAT board, and another strategy 
called SIIGO also survived (…), so I think that it generates a not so good message to the territorial entities, 
43 Control institutions in Colombia are the Controllership (Controloria) and the Attorney General’s Office (Procuraduría). 44 Related quantitative results and additional informant quotes are available in Annex B. 45 Unified Report of the Territorial Information, Coordination, and Follow-up System of the Public Policy for Victims of the 
Internal Armed Conflict (RUSICST).
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 34
as if there were a certain type of division, at the government level, which is not ideal and which overloads the 
work of the person at the desk, or the one in the field.” (Local Government)
COVID-19 EFFECTS
F.1.27 The COVID-19 pandemic affected VISP’s operations, limiting the execution of in-person activities 
in the territory. However, the program provided an agile response and adapted its activities to virtual 
spaces, with no significant limitations in operations or result achievement due to the pandemic. 
“Well, since the project has set some goals according to time, some work plans, believe me, that the 
pandemic... because of the simple fact of not being able to leave that generated a little delay in the 
execution of some things, it was planned for example during that year to visit or execute, implement x or y 
journey, action, work, and during that time nothing could be done, it was only virtual work, how to coordinate 
with processes.” (Local IOM)
“...we did not allow the issue of virtuality to affect the workshops. So we invented the virtual wellness days, 
and we invented activities (...) So let’s say that each group invented the agenda for the pandemic to motivate 
the team to join virtually and carry out a series of activities that would allow us to maintain permanent 
communication (...) In terms of coordination with other programs or IOM support, I did not feel it affected 
either (...) So how do we do it with all these tools? It was a whole process to learn how to use them, but
finally, I think they were tools that helped us a lot to maintain this inter-institutional contact and with the 
IOM, so let’s say that the whole process flowed in this virtual way.” (Local VU)
CONCLUSIONS
VICTIM’S REGISTRY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
C.1.1 VISP supported the victim’s registration process, the development of information systems, and 
the development of training tools to increase adoption and sustainability in their use. These actions 
improved the timeliness, relevance and follow-up of services and reparation measures for victims, which 
contributed to overcoming this component’s unconstitutional state of affairs (F.1.1, F.1.2, and F.1.3). 
PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION
C.1.2 VISP served as a key partner in both theoretically and operationally consolidating rehabilitation 
strategies (PAPSIVI, EREG, and Entrelazando). Its support was also key in mainstreaming the 
psychosocial approach for various services, assistance, and reparation actions within the comprehensive 
reparations for victims, as well as in the implementation of emotional care actions (F 1.4, F 1.7, and F 
1.8). 
C.1.3 VISP strengthened psychosocial rehabilitation strategies by training victims working as community 
agents, community promoters, or weavers (in Spanish: tejedores).46 However, despite the relevant role of 
these types of agents, there are no mechanisms to officially recognize or provide them professional 
certification. Additionally, they are generally not paid, and the specific impact of their role in 
rehabilitation strategies has not been evaluated. (F 1.5).
46 The “community agent” role in rehabilitation strategies refers to victims or local leaders that work as a bridge between the 
rehabilitation strategy and the community. For instance, they identify potential beneficiaries, reach out to them to tell them 
about the strategy, generate trust, and facilitate dialogue.
35 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
C.1.4. Existing evaluations of the rehabilitation measures are fundamentally process based and do not 
provide information on the impact of measures or their effectiveness in achieving emotional recovery 
(input and output measures). Additionally, there is a lack of information regarding the systematic 
integration of the rehabilitation measures with other victims’ reparation measures (F 1.6).
PHYSICAL REHABILITATION
C.1.5 VISP supported the MOH in consolidating the physical/functional rehabilitation model and in the 
disability certification process.47 This has positively impacted victims and the general population by 
improving rehabilitation process adherence and quality. It has also strengthened the network in the 
health system’s low and medium complexity levels.48 However, the physical rehabilitation model faces 
challenges related to contracting services by health service providers (EPS) throughout the country, as 
well as in the systematic coordination of these services with other rehabilitation measures (F 1.9 and F 
1.10). 
COLLECTIVE REPARATIONS
C.1.6 By working with the State and subjects of collective reparations simultaneously, VISP supported 
implementing and completing Collective Comprehensive Reparation Plans. However, challenges persist 
in accelerating the completion of these plans, such as in maintaining a fluid dialogue and trust between 
the parties (F.1.11).
ECONOMIC COMPENSATIONS
C.1.7 VISP supported the delivery of financial compensation to victims by strengthening its coordination 
with other victims’ reparation measures. However, challenges persist in accelerating their delivery and 
systematically integrating these with other reparation measures (F.1.12)
INCOME GENERATION
C.1.8. Strengthening institutional services to victims’ income generation was not a central component 
of the program. Nonetheless, specific actions carried out provided interesting results (e.g., expanding 
coverage, improving follow-up, and incorporating differential approaches) that could be replicated in 
other programs related to victims’ economic stabilization (F.1.13, F.1.14).
SATISFACTION AND NON-REPETITION MEASURES
C.1.9 VISP contributed to positioning and institutionalizing historical memory as a measure of 
satisfaction within the framework of comprehensive reparations, supporting both public entities and civil 
society to advance initiatives, spaces, and memory products. However, these issues became less 
relevant in the definition of work plans with the GoC during the last four years of program 
implementation (F.1.15).
47 The physical/functional rehabilitation model refers to the process of medical and therapeutic actions aimed at ensuring that 
persons with disabilities are in a position to achieve and maintain an optimal functional state from the physical, sensory, 
intellectual, psychological, or social point of view, in a way that enables them to modify their own lives and be more 
independent (Law 1618 of 2013, Art. 2). As such it goes beyond the physical.
48 Low and medium complexity levels of the health system refer to the degree of complexity of a health service based on the 
type and severity of the health conditions it serves, the level of specialization of its human talent, and the characteristics of the 
health technology in use. There are three levels: low, medium, and high. Resolution 3100 (2019) specifies the type of health 
services that can be provided through each of the aforementioned levels. 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 36
PARTICIPATION 
C.1.10 VISP played a leading role in developing individual, organizational, and institutional capacity for 
victims’ effective participation within the framework of the VL. Evidence of these advances includes 
overcoming the unconstitutional state of affairs on this issue (F.1.16).
INCLUSION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH
C.1.11 VISP has significantly contributed to incorporating, both at the national and territorial levels, a 
differential approach (women, indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and LGBTQI+ individuals) in services and 
reparations for victims. VISP achieved these advances through the development and implementation of 
policy tools and the socialization and training that supported their use. Despite these advances, 
challenges remain in addressing the specific and persistent gaps related to minority population groups 
within the VL framework (F.1.16, F.1.17, F.1.18, F.1.19, F.1.20).
C.1.12 VISP successfully strengthened the representation of various victim groups (women, indigenous, 
Afro-Colombian, and LGBTQI+ individuals), supporting their participation in victims’ roundtables and 
other local planning and dialogue activities that promote organizational and community leadership 
processes (F.1.21).
DECENTRALIZATION OF THE VL
C.1.13 VISP has been a key player in implementing the VL in the territories by providing support for 
understanding the VL and its measures and supporting the institutional adjustments required for 
adequate implementation and budgeting at the local level. These advances are notable in municipalities 
beyond those targeted by the program (F1.22).
COMMUNICATION OF THE VICTIM’S LAW
C.1.14 VISP supported various mechanisms to disseminate the VL, contributing to a better 
understanding of the law from public and civic actors. This contributed to the application of complex 
content of the law at the national and local levels (F1.23).
MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE VICTIM’S LAW
C.1.15 VISP’s extensive support in developing and implementing M&E tools and information systems 
reached local governments and enforcement agencies. This increased the information available to 
accurately assess the VL implementation and provided inputs for decision-making (F.1.24, F.1.26).
C.1.16. VISP’s monitoring, evaluation, and follow-up strategy – and its cross-cutting incorporation into 
processes with various actors – contributed to the sufficient use of inputs generated by the program for 
decision-making and adaptation of actions, constituting more than a reporting process (F.1.25). 
COVID-19 EFFECTS
C.1.17 Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, VISP was able to adapt activities designed for in-person 
implementation to virtual environments, generating capacity in local governments and victims to 
overcome some of the connectivity and digital skills difficulties faced in target municipalities (F.1.27).
RECOMMENDATIONS 
R.1.1 Coordinate actions to continue strengthening VIVANTO with regard to standardization and 
integration of new information sources with national initiatives for interoperability and integration of 
social program administrative records. This will allow for more comprehensive knowledge of the 
37 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
different programs that the victim population accesses. This will improve precision in measuring VL 
implementation progress (C.1.1).
R.1.2 Support improvement in the use of information collected in information systems, such as 
VIVANTO, for public policy decision-making by using cutting-edge data analysis methodologies to gain 
efficiency in the processes (e.g., validating the information provided through victims’ declaration, 
generating preventive alerts for events that increase the risk of victimization in the different territories, 
and automating monitoring and follow-up indicators of the VL) (C.1.1).
R.1.3 Continue supporting the VU and MOH to advance technical and operational guidelines for 
psychosocial rehabilitation strategies, especially regarding ethnic and rural differential approaches 
(C.1.2). 
R.1.4 Support the GoC in the systematic implementation of the psychosocial approach, the rights 
approach, and do-no-harm actions in each of the VL’s reparation measures and demining processes 
(C.1.2). 
R.1.5 Support monitoring the formalization of the emotional care actions from leaders and 
organizations that guide and care for victims in the VL’s processes and programs. Ensure the 
development of personal and institutional security protocols as crucial elements of care integrated into 
future programs (C.1.2). 
R.1.6 Support the GoC in developing formal education and/or professionalization strategies that enable 
the certification of skills developed by community agents supporting existing rehabilitation strategies 
(e.g., EREG, Entrelazando, and PAPSIVI) and recognize their management and care support contributions 
(C.1.3). 49
R.1.7 Support the GoC in developing a strategy that analyzes the feasibility and mechanisms to 
compensate the work carried out by community agents within existing psychosocial rehabilitation 
programs (e.g., EREG, Entrelazando, and PAPSIVI) (C.1.3). 
R.1.8 Support knowledge management strategies related to the results of actions for existing 
rehabilitation strategies carried out by community agents (e.g., EREG, Entrelazando, and PAPSIVI) as an 
input for the qualification of community agent training and the creation of community development and 
sustainability actions for rehabilitation strategies (C.1.3). 
R.1.9 Accompany the MOH in expanding the application of the physical/functional rehabilitation model 
in low complexity environments, supporting the model’s integration with other service processes for 
victims, and dialogue with various actors of the SGSSS for its cross-cutting and sustainable ownership 
(C.1.4). 
R.1.10 Follow up on the findings of disability certification pilot processes and their impact on the 
reparations for victims with disabilities and victims of anti-personnel mines (C.1.4). 
49 The term ‘professionalization’ references upgrading through training and certification. 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 38
R.1.11 Support the GoC in the future development of mechanisms to measure the quality, 
effectiveness, and impact of the implementation of psychosocial rehabilitation strategies (C.1.5).
R.1.12 Support the MOH and key actors within the SGSSS in the development of a broad strategy for 
dissemination, training, implementation, and monitoring of the Comprehensive Health Care Protocol, 
including a psychosocial approach for the victim population, focusing on its integration with psychosocial 
rehabilitation and diagnostics for decision making in public health (C.1.5).
R.1.13 Maintain support to both the State (in its task of coordinating and articulating the public offer to 
comply with the Collective Comprehensive Reparation Plans) and to communities subject to reparations 
who are advancing towards the effective enjoyment of their rights through the formulation, 
implementation, and completion of pertinent and achievable Collective Comprehensive Reparation Plans
(C.1.6).
R.1.14 Support the design and implementation of strategies to accelerate the delivery of economic 
compensation to victims and systematically integrate these with other comprehensive reparation 
measures, especially those related to psychosocial rehabilitation and income generation within the 
framework of local development strategies (C.1.8).
R.1.15 Renew support for historical memory building through work with Colombia’s Memory Museum, 
the CEV’s follow-up committee and partners, international actors, and local memory initiatives to 
collect, compile, disseminate, and develop new memory initiatives through publications, symbolic acts, 
and art expositions and digital media (C.1.9).
R.1.16 Continue strengthening victims’ and victim advocates’ grassroots organizations to ensure that 
the election of victim participation roundtable members becomes more robust, qualified, and 
transparent and to strengthen participation mechanisms generally (C.1.10).
R.1.17 Continue supporting the strengthening of local institutions to guarantee differential care for 
victims with disabilities and ethnic communities within the framework of public policy for victims 
(C.1.10). 
R.1.18 Support evaluations and analysis related to implementing the VL for victims of minority groups 
(C.1.10).50
R.1.19 Support the VU in coordinating and strengthening strategies and institutional actions supporting 
the comprehensive reparations for young victims and victims living abroad (C.1.10).
R.1.20 Continue strengthening the ethnic approach incorporation in the rehabilitation strategies of the 
VL, in coordination with the MOH and the VU (C.1.10).
R.1.21 Continue supporting the construction of minority groups’ historical memory experiences at the 
national and local levels (C.1.11).
50 Includes indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and LGBTQI+ individuals.
39 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
R.1.22 Develop technical and operational tools that enable differential approaches to be systematically 
taken into account in the various victim participation spaces (C.1.12).
R.1.23 Support the strategy design for the autonomous retraining of territorial teams who lead victims’ 
policy planning and implementation using lessons learned from the Territorial Strengthening Model as 
inputs (C.1.13).
R.1.24 Continue supporting communication processes around the VL implementation process, so that 
achievements and follow-up results inform both victims and the local political agenda (C.1.14).
R.1.25 Support the GoC in designing and implementing a strategy to analyze duplicates in the 
information reported to different information systems, including SIIGA, PAT dashboard, and RUSICST, 
which could lead to actions to integrate information systems for monitoring and evaluation of the 
victim’s public policy, reducing the administrative burden on local liaisons (C.1.15).
R.1.26 Based on lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, support the GoC in developing and 
scaling-up mechanisms and protocols for providing virtual support to victims and strategies to support 
and train staff of local governments and the territorial offices of national government entities in the use 
of virtual platforms for communication (C.1.17).
CHALLENGES IN SUSTAINING RESULTS
Question 2. What gaps and challenges do the GoC face in sustaining VISP-supported institutional 
strengthening and policy implementation results? 
FINDINGS 
TECHNICAL CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABILITY 
F.2.1. Although the institutional response supported by VISP has enabled advances in providing 
comprehensive assistance and reparations, there are still victims who have not accessed these services, 
and victimizing acts continue to take place. This implies that the universe of victims to receive 
reparations continues to increase, which presents both operational and fiscal challenges. 
“(...) ten years have passed since Law 1448, but it has not been materialized. Hence it was given another 
ten years to be implemented, but this extension confronts either the arrival of new violent actors or the 
resurgence of old forms of violence. This impacts the increase of victims to be assisted; when the Law was 
created, we had 2 million people, and that was it, that was the budget, but then those 2 million became 4,5 
million, and now we are at 9 million. What if in 10 years we are not able to reach them?” (Local VU)
F.2.2. At the local level, VISP contributed to capacity building in local governments and the territorial 
teams of national entities (such as the VU’s regional offices) in targeted municipalities. This resulted from 
training and retraining, using innovative teaching materials, and supporting the implementation of VL’s 
actions. This strengthened capacity contributes but does not guarantee the sustainability of actions 
supported by the program. 
“...I believe that the Ombudsman’s Office, through the support of the IOM, has managed to qualify the 
teams in the field.... So, I think that something that the IOM has done and has supported in an agile, timely 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 40
and above all pertinent way, is to carry out this work of qualification and strengthening of the teams.”
(National Ombudsman’s Office)
The following exhibit illustrates how a larger share of victims’ service points in VISP-supported 
municipalities report having trained staff in topics related to VL, differential approaches, and emotional 
self-care measures. We found the same when inquiring about these capacities in local health points in 
VISP-supported vs. non-supported municipalities. It is worth highlighting that the shares are high in both 
sets of municipalities, which is consistent with what national and local level informants report regarding 
VISP material and training often reaching not-supported municipalities (e.g., as the VU replicated 
methodologies in other municipalities).
Exhibit 15. Share of victim’s service points that report having trained staff in VL, personal services, and differential approach.
SOURCE: DIGITAL SURVEY
Territorial capacity building was complemented with equipment for victims’ service points. In general, a 
larger share of victims’ service points have desktop computers (33 percent vs. 8 percent in non￾supported municipalities) and cell phones (44 percent vs. 30 percent).
Furthermore, according to the Territorial Strengthening Model developed by VISP and the MOI, the 
technical component of the territorialization index showed positive results. 
Exhibit 16. Capacity index of implementing the Victims’ law: technical component. Shares in percentages.
SOURCE: IOM – MOI.
41 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
F.2.3. At the national level, VISP strengthened capacity in institutions created within the framework of 
the VL and in existing institutions to which the law assigned new responsibilities. VISP achieved this 
through conceptual and procedural developments and close, permanent, and flexible support that 
allowed the adaptation of processes and sustained progress in operationalizing the VL.
“Many of the resources of this program were used in the training process, and something we learned, in 
addition, is that you have to leave them the tools so they can continue. (…) And I think we have achieved a 
very interesting adaptation and, in the last few years, we have developed many virtual courses and training 
tools.” (IOM - National)
F.2.4. The instability of government personnel’s working conditions and the high turnover of personnel 
(partly for political reasons), especially in local governments, has been an obstacle in advancing the 
provision of comprehensive assistance and reparations for victims. This is a challenge in ensuring the 
sustainability of the results supported by VISP. 
“(...) with SNARIV, it is clear that its main weakness in sustainability is the permanent turnover of public 
servants. For example, a change of the mayor or the Ombudsman entails a change of the entire team. That 
is inevitable because it belongs to an environment that cannot be controlled.” (Local IOM)
F.2.5. Regarding the sustainability of actions to strengthen psychosocial rehabilitation, there are 
heterogeneous levels of local capacity. Limitations include high staff turnover, problems accessing the 
RUV information, insufficient coordination of psychosocial strategies with other SGSSS services in 
physical and mental health, and reduced quality of care due to outsourcing processes.
“(...) because numbers began to prevail over quality, dignity (...) one listened to the professional who killed 
himself studying, the one with that gift for people started to question many things and transform his life 
project because it says no, I’m not going to do that (…) I’m going to leave those people lying around, so you 
should also ask yourself if you were the lifesaver that came to that person to be able to name the 
unmentionable, you are also going to abandon her, that is a re-victimization due to a contractual issue.” 
(Local VU)
F.2.6. The sustainability of actions to strengthen physical-functional rehabilitation services depends on 
the management capacities of the local and national governments. These capacities are required to 
assure that staff is hired in a timely way by the EPS, training processes are expanded, and that 
information with regard to applying differential approaches is used. Sustainability also depends on 
information regarding the availability of these services being disseminated at the local level.
“Many IPS of the department will soon be intervened (by the regulator) because, financially, they cannot 
sustain themselves, so being able to have that support as such, such as saying “come on, I will teach you how 
to sell services, come on, we will hold meetings with the Departmental and with the Mayor’s Office so that it 
allows collective relations, contract activities from you and can leverage this.” (Local Health Center)
FISCAL CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABILITY 
F.2.7. In terms of fiscal sustainability at the national level, although the new victims’ Colombian National 
Council for Economic and Social Policy allocates budgetary resources, these are insufficient to meet the 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 42
demands for the comprehensive reparations for current and new victims.51 Budgetary limitations are 
particularly challenging in advancing aspects such as financial compensations, collective reparations, 
humanitarian services, and psychosocial rehabilitation. 
The following figure shows the increasing, albeit insufficient, resource allocation to advance the VL:
Exhibit 17. Budget assigned to Victims Public Policy, 2002-2021.
SOURCE: DNP.
“And the second issue that has a great impact on the VL is that the most expensive measure of the law, 
which is the administrative, economic compensation, which today there are more than 1 million people, 
almost reaching 1.2 million compensated victims, I do not remember the figure, but yes, that is a couple of 
billion pesos that this has cost.” (National IOM)
F.2.8. In terms of local fiscal sustainability, the needs are even more significant, especially in the case of 
municipalities pertaining to categories 4, 5, and 6.52 Local governments have insufficient budgetary 
autonomy, which adds to their limited capacity for execution, project structuring, and leveraging 
additional resources.
From a quantitative standpoint, we analyze the relationship between dependence on central government 
transfers (i.e., the fiscal dependence index) and the municipality victimization index (i.e., municipalities 
where the probability of violations of rights including life, freedom, integrity, and personal security 
exist).53 The following exhibit reflects that municipalities with a higher victimization index depend more 
on central government transfers. This adds complexity to the sustainability of VL advances. 
51 Policy document 2078 of 2021 from the Colombian National Council of Social Policy document. 52 Numerical municipal categories define municipalities using the size of their population and level of public revenue received. 53 For details on the victimization index and the fiscal dependence index see Annex B – Supplementary Results.
43 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 18. Index of fiscal dependence and index of victimization. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON DNP AND VU.
...I am honest with you, I have almost not been able to go to Cartagena del Chairá, as many times there are 
resource limitations and one understands that (...) the VU sometimes does not have resources because one 
understands that it is a law that demands to attend all that the victims demand, a lot of resources are 
required (...) Then, sometimes one commits to go, for example, without per diem (work compensations), 
without anything to go to meet a victims’ municipal roundtable.” (Local VU)
It is also worth noting that the commitment to use fiscal resources for actions related to the VL is 
influenced by political will. As noted by various of the victims we interviewed, the political commitment 
to invest in the VL is not always clear:
“Governments are always saying that they don’t have resources, which is not true. In reality, this is about 
pure will, and you do not get up when there is no will. You are not motivated to do anything if there is no 
will.” (Victims’ participation roundtable)
F.2.9. The financing of specific activities and components of the VL depends on VISP’s budgetary 
support, especially at the local level. This limits the sustainability of results achieved. 
VISP served to facilitate leveraging essential resources from the GoC. For each Colombian peso invested 
by USAID, 8.1 pesos were invested by allied GoC agencies (leveraged). The investment of these public 
resources to carry out investments during, and possibly after, program implementation contributes to 
the sustainability of results.
F.2.10. VISP has played an essential role in facilitating the dialogue and coordination between the GoC 
and the victims within the VL’s mandate. An absence of this role could reduce the fluidity of the 
relationship between the GoC and the victims. VISP’s role as a connector between the government and 
victims was a key topic mentioned by different actors during the interviews. As one local IOM official 
noted:
 “(...) we must continue working on conducting political advocacy to locate the victim’s issue on the national 
and local agendas. I believe that cooperation has a very strong responsibility. Since the State is in charge of 
implementation, cooperation is called upon to tell it to put several issues on the agenda of both the national 
development plan and public officers at the local level. (...) I raise the point of cooperation around how to 
make incidence effectively.” (Local IOM)
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 44
ADEQUATE NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK 
F.2.11. The current normative framework for providing victims comprehensive assistance and 
reparations is sufficient to guarantee the sustainability of results. Various interviewees agreed on how 
the challenge is not to develop more laws but to advance on the specific mechanisms and scenarios 
through which these legal instruments and policies can be effectively implemented:
“I would not change a single comma; the content of the law is enough. Now, the next step should be to 
comply with the decrees. (…) So, I think laws are clear, but now we need to implement them, make their 
content reality.” (Local IOM)
SUSTAINABILITY IN DISPERSE RURAL AREAS 
F.2.12. From a territorial perspective, the sustainability of the institutional response supported by VISP 
depends on structural aspects such as the weakness of the institutional presence and the existence of 
geographical and connectivity barriers to access. 
“(…) and putting Popayán aside, Cauca is a very rural department. We are speaking about isolated places, 
such as the municipal Ombudsman, far from the urban centers where the public authorities are located. 
Distances act as barriers, mostly when we think about transportation costs, security risks, and so on.” (Local 
Government)
SECURITY GUARANTEES 
F.2.13. The continuity of violence in Colombia, especially in the areas targeted by VISP, represents a 
challenge for the sustainability of results. As was repeatedly cited by interviewees, the absence of 
adequate security guarantees for participation and the defense of human rights is an underlying problem. 
“Violence was a major constraint for everything. In Buenaventura (...), there were weeks in which we were 
stuck in the service center because there was a bomb threat in the neighborhood, because there was a 
warning that we could not go to the neighborhoods, so we had to stay tied up because we could not attend 
or go to look for people (...) there are areas that you can’t get to (...).” (Local IOM)
Quantitative data corroborates this finding. For example, the Victimization Index at the national level 
shows that while in 2018, 83.2 percent of municipalities were in the categories of low or medium-low 
risk, by 2021, this share decreased to 71.8 percent.
Exhibit 19. Percentage of municipalities by risk group according to the VRI. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU.
45 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
MAINTAINING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION 
F.2.14. VISP’s contributions to the visibility and capacity building of the victims’ participation 
roundtables, including their oversight and advocacy for the victims’ policy planning, implementation, and 
monitoring, contribute to the sustainability of the advances in the VL. These include the capacity for
participation and for advocacy for the continuity of different services and reparation measures. Despite
these advances, as mentioned by different actors, there are future challenges to ensuring political 
participation and visibility, especially in the framework of the Congress’ peace seats and in the 
participation of victims that are not part of the victims’ participation roundtables.54
“They know their rights very well, they know very well the role of the different actors, they know the role of 
the Mayor’s Office very well, and that is a guarantee that when the victims’ roundtable is held, we know that 
they will include this type of actions in the planning process.” (Local Government)
M&E FOR SUSTAINABILITY 
F.2.15. As part of a permanent M&E process, VISP has provided constant support to stakeholders, 
taking timely corrective actions to achieve the expected results in supporting and implementing public 
policy programs related to victims.
“I have always thought that a very good practice that we have is the follow-up and monitoring scheme, and 
more than a follow-up and monitoring scheme, it is support for carrying out activities. I feel that we are not a 
passive actor, with the resources, of course, in this case, from USAID and IOM, we are an active cooperation 
agency, we like to be there and accompany the activities; I feel that this is perfect practice and should 
remain as a lesson learned for future actions because this support scheme allows us to know the day-to-day 
operation of the projects.” (IOM National)
F 2.16. The design of the Territorial Strengthening Model (VISP and MOI) and pilot projects for the 
economic stability of victims supported by VISP considered the systematization of and adaptation to 
lessons learned. However, the evaluation team found no evidence of similar knowledge management 
exercises in other VISP projects despite their relevance and strategic value with regard to implementing 
and sustaining other actions for comprehensive victims’ reparations. 
“There is nothing as important in terms of results as the sustainability of the actions carried out. We have 
always considered it at the methodological level, which is the biggest challenge of the model (...) The main 
indicator, instead, will tell us if the effort, time, and resources were not wasted. So, when the model was built 
methodologically and, from the results verifications that began to be executed, we began to realize how 
important this was. In other words, there are enormous challenges and opportunities for improvement in 
each technical exercise that takes place phase by phase, year by year, and stage by stage; this is true.” 
(National IOM)
CONCLUSIONS
C.2.1. VISP’s technical support to assess, understand, and assist the implementation of the VL was 
fundamental to the organization of institutional processes. VISP rightly concentrated its efforts on 
strengthening individual and organizational capacity at the national and local levels. A greater number of 
54 Within the framework of the Peace Accord, special congressional seats were created so that victims and leaders of 
territories prioritized by the Peace Accord would have political participation. The first representatives were elected in 2022.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 46
difficulties were faced in consolidating capacity in local governments, which represents a challenge to the 
sustainability of results (F.2.2, F.2.3).
C.2.2. Despite advances in psychosocial and physical rehabilitation, local capacity for sustainability 
continues to be limited in terms of technical ownership, institutional management and coordination, 
coverage, use of information systems, qualification and retention of human talent, and socialization of 
services offered (F.2.5, F.2.6).
C.2.3. The fiscal resources required to implement the VL are high, especially where victimization 
continues. Fiscal challenges are even more significant locally, where management and budget execution 
capacity remain low. In the targeted territories, VISP’s direct budgetary support has been significant, and 
thus, the absence of future budgetary support through international donors could limit the sustainability 
of achievements (F.2.7, F.2.8, F.2.9).
C.2.4. Although VISP has strengthened the GoC’s capacity for an institutional response to provide 
victims’ comprehensive assistance and reparations, its absence could imply sustainability challenges 
related to political commitment and the fluidity of the relationship between the government and the 
victims (F.2.4, F.2.9, F.2.10, F.2.11, and F.2.1.2).
C.2.5. The continuation of violence poses a significant challenge to the sustainability of the results 
achieved by the GoC with the support of VISP. This violence generates operational and funding 
challenges (as it requires significant investments in humanitarian assistance and the provision of 
reparation measures) and thereby poses risks to the security of communities, especially for individuals 
who lead participatory spaces and those who defend human rights (F.2.1, F.2.13).
C.2.6. The progress made in victims’ participation, supported by VISP, represents a gain as it relates to 
the sustainability of the implementation of the VL, as individuals participating in victims’ roundtables have 
acquired oversight and public advocacy capacity. Work could continue to extend these capacities to 
additional organizations (F.2.14).
C.2.7. The M&E processes related to the comprehensive services and reparations for victims, including 
those supported by VISP, have generated institutional memory and have facilitated understanding of 
interventions and their results. This contributes to the adaptation, scaling-up, and sustainability of the 
actions supported by VISP (F.2.15).
C.2.8. Although VISP’s operational practices included internal feedback on its actions, except for a few 
projects, there is no evidence of systematic knowledge management exercises with government 
counterparts to systematize and disseminate lessons learned or to incorporate modifications that 
contribute to the sustainability of results (F.2.16).
RECOMMENDATIONS 
R.2.1 Continue strengthening the technical capacity of the institutional framework, especially at the 
local level, by assessing, explaining, and disseminating the conceptual and operational design of activities 
to support the VL implementation. Focus on the modifications required for future policy or regulatory 
developments and strengthen bidirectional communication and collaboration between levels of 
government (C 2.1).
47 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
R.2.2 Continue supporting planning and follow-up activities carried out by public agencies responsible 
for the victims’ policy, local governments, and oversight entities, with an emphasis on identifying and 
responding to possible inconsistencies between the size of the victim population to be supported and 
the allocation of budgetary resources for these efforts, to continue to improve planning and oversight 
processes around the VL (C.2.2, C.2.5).
R.2.3. Continue providing technical and financial support to implement the VL and the Peace Accord to 
advance the delivery of victims’ rights on a large scale while considering changing dynamics of the 
context (C.2.3).
R.2.4 Support the MOH and the VU in designing and implementing support strategies for local 
governments to develop technical management capacity and monitor the quality of psychosocial and 
functional-physical rehabilitation measures (C.2.4).
R.2.5 Continue supporting victims’ participation as a part of a broader approach that includes 
strengthening victims’ organizations and working with the new peace congress seats, focusing on building 
capacity for these representatives to carry out advocacy work in decision-making related to the victims’ 
policy, its follow-up, and its accountability (C.2.6). 
R.2.6 Strengthen the knowledge management strategy of future programs based on the systematization 
of lessons learned and the transfer of best practices in the design, monitoring, and implementation of 
actions for the comprehensive care and reparations for victims (C 2.7, C.2.8).
ACCESS TO PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION
Question 3. To what extent have VISP-funded interventions increased access to physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have been the main factors that contributed to improvement or that delayed these 
services?
FINDINGS 
ACCESS TO PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION
F.3.1 VISP supported the design and implementation of the Entrelazando collective psychosocial 
services strategy and made direct contributions to hiring care professionals, allowing expanded access of 
victim’s to this rehabilitation strategy.
In particular, the data reflects that the number of victims that are part of the Subjects of Collective 
Reparation and received services through Entrelazando increased by 27.9 percent between 2018 and 
2021, increasing from 44.5 thousand victims to 59.9 thousand. 
However, previous analyses of the collective reparation measures (VU and VISP, 2021) found that the 
small size of mutual support groups, the high number of villages to cover, and the small number of 
activities in its action plan hindered results. Additionally, there is no evidence of the replication of 
actions after the end of the intervention, so its sustainability over time is perceived as limited.
F.3.2 VISP supported the design, start-up, and update of technical inputs to implement EREG. This 
strategy enabled victims’ access to psychosocial care by establishing support networks and promoting 
mental health and well-being. However, the prescribed number of sessions is insufficient to address the 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 48
experiences of suffering, and there are no strategies that monitor the impacts once the strategy is no 
longer supported.
Exhibit 20 reflects the increased access to this rehabilitation strategy. For the period, the EREG 
coverage rate in VISP-supported municipalities was slightly higher than in the comparison group, and this 
difference increased over time. Nonetheless, coverage remains below five percent.
Exhibit 20. Proxy coverage of EREG. 2013 – 2021 (PSM results). The proxy variable is defined by the VU based on the total 
number of victims receiving services. For more details, see Question 3 in Annex B.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU
F. 3.3 Although VISP did not provide direct resources to increase PAPSIVI’s coverage, it did make 
fundamental contributions to the construction of methodologies for the two components of the 
program (psychosocial care and comprehensive health with a psychosocial approach), as well as 
supported training and care processes for care professionals at the national and local levels. These 
actions contributed to the territorial deployment of the strategy, and thus, to expand coverage. 
Data reflects a significant increase in PAPSIVI’s coverage, however, it remains low at below 15 percent. 
The coverage rate in VISP municipalities was lower than in the comparison group, and this difference 
constantly increased in time, moving from 0.2 in 2014 to 5.8 in 2020.
Exhibit 21. Proxy coverage of PAPSIVI. 2013 – 2021 (PSM results). The proxy variable is defined by the VU based on the total 
number of victims receiving services. For more details, see Question 3 in Annex B.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON MOH
49 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
The program faced challenges regarding the sufficiency of the number of sessions required to achieve 
harm mitigation and in coordinating its two components, given low ownership of the psychosocial 
approach in clinical care contexts and the barriers to accessing mental health services in the SGSSS. 
“One of the bottlenecks that we identified in the area of psychosocial care, without a doubt, had to do with 
the difficulty of being able to win a first appointment with a psychologist or with the psychology department 
of the EPS, so that gives continuity to the processes (…) sometimes the institutional times for contracting 
services take months to start, and that also distances the service, but I think there is more and more aware 
that the services have to be humanized, timely services and that they have to be in the right places.” (Local 
IOM) 
ACCESS TO PHYSICAL REHABILITATION 
F.3.4 VISP’s contribution to the provision, adaptation, and support for the operation of functional
physical rehabilitation centers directly facilitated victims’ access to these services. It also facilitated
access for persons with disabilities, victims of accidents with anti-personnel mines, and the general
population, in both municipalities supported by VISP and neighboring municipalities.
Results from our digital survey show that a higher proportion of VISP-supported health facilities report 
providing physical rehabilitation services than other public hospitals in similar municipalities. 
Exhibit 22. Percentage of VISP and non-VISP health facilities providing different physical rehabilitation services.
SOURCE: DIGITAL SURVEY OF HEALTH FACILITIES
The provision of physical rehabilitation in local health centers reduced travel time to receive care. In 
addition, tele-rehabilitation brought specialized physical rehabilitation services closer to territories. As 
pointed out by one interviewee in a health center:
“They (users) can take hours to go out for a consultation. So, we must start moving more extramural; that 
has been another advantage of the new provision of services.” (Local Health Center)
As noted in a 2021 study by Rosario University that carried out a focus group, participants’ difficulties of 
access to services include the poor condition of roads, weather, availability of transport, and cost. The 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 50
study’s household survey results show that 26.9 percent of people who have used rehabilitation services 
spend two hours or more in transit between their home and the point of care.55
FACTORS AFFECTING ACCESS TO AND QUALITY OF REHABILITATION
F.3.5 The offer of psychosocial and physical/functional rehabilitation services continues to face
challenges in facilitating access for victims. Challenges include offering mass training processes for health
professionals and technicians throughout the country, improving coordination between the different
actors of the SGSSS, and systematically adopting the RUV consultation process to apply the differential
approach for victims at health service points.
Another relevant challenge is the availability of local human talent and high turnover. As reported in the 
PAPSIVI evaluation, 73 percent of the total costs of psychosocial care are concentrated in covering the 
cost of human talent.56 Furthermore, staff turnover between 2015 and 2018 was 47 percent. 
F.3.6 Psychosocial rehabilitation strategies for victims are not systematically coordinated (beyond
individual referrals) with offering mental health services or with social inclusion policies. Several
interviews mentioned this. As one put it:
“Another barrier is the lack of provision of services for the vulnerable population because it is very little... 
Well, yes, you provide care, let’s say you do your duty from health, try to give patients the best tools, but 
when they find themselves in such vulnerable social conditions, it is difficult to achieve what one would like 
with people (...) There is not much on offer for people with disabilities; there is not much on offer for women 
heads of households…not at all.” (Local Health Center)
F.3.7 There is a delay in access to psychosocial care for ethnic collective reparation subjects (victim
groups) and a lack of integration of the ethnic approach into the rehabilitation measure. This challenge
persists despite VISP having provided technical assistance to address this issue.
This is related to the challenges posed by the methodological and operational adaptation of care models 
to the knowledge and practices of ethnic communities, linguistic limitations, and the availability of 
professionals with detailed knowledge of their origins. In addition, the lack of strategies to effectively 
align ancestral medicine practices with Western medicine within the framework of the SGSSS is also a 
barrier.
“When a person suffers individual and collective damage, not only does the person suffer the damage, the 
territory, the land, also suffers the damage (...) Let’s talk about reparation; reparation is to be at peace with 
nature; they must have mutual knowledge of the environment in which the psychosocial professional will 
work (...) for instance, that individual psychosocial rehabilitation is spiritually taken into account (…) 
everything is in the harmonization.” (Ethnic authorities)
F. 3.8 Over 725,000 victims have accessed psychosocial rehabilitation through the strategies designed
and implemented with VISP’s support (EREG and PAPSIVI).57 Access to psychosocial and physical
55 Rosario University (2021). Executive report of baseline results of the rehabilitation situation of 11 category 5 and 6 
municipalities belonging to five Colombian departments.
56 MOH, IOM, VISP, 2020. 57 MOH and VU, data up to 2021. 
51 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
rehabilitation has been concentrated in urban areas, and challenges persist in increasing coverage and 
access for ethnic and rural communities, children, and the elderly. The expansion of coverage faces 
challenges, including complex access conditions, the persistence of violence, and insufficient budget
allocations.
In line with the above, when analyzing data from the VL survey of 2021 regarding the determinants of 
access to victims’ rehabilitation services, the evaluation team found that:
• Being a woman increases the probability of access to rehabilitation services by 1.84 percent, where
10.2 percent of women victims reported access to services and 8 percent of men did.
• Being of Afro-descent increases the probability of access to rehabilitation services by 0.85 percent
for non-ethnic victims and being indigenous increases the probability of access by 5.2 percent.
• Belonging to a victims’ organization or victims’ participation roundtable increases the probability of
access to rehabilitation services by 2.3 percent.
• Occupational status is the most important individual determinant, as being a student or retired
increases the probability of access by 8 percent.
TABLE 3: MARGINAL EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUALS SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ON THE 
PROBABILITY OF ACCESSING REHABILITATION SERVICES (2021).
VARIABLE MARGINAL EFFECT STD. ERR. Z P-VALUE
Gender 0.0184 0.00066 28.07 0.000
Age -0.0004 0.00003 -13.42 0.000
Afro descendant 0.0085 0.00072 11.83 0.000
Indigenous 0.0526 0.00179 29.36 0.000
Education attainment -0.0029 0.00042 -6.96 0.000
Stratum -0.0076 0.00043 -17.64 0.000
Change of municipality 0.0157 0.00137 11.47 0.000
Victims’ organization or roundtable participation 0.0235 0.00067 35.11 0.000
Civil status
Married 0.0014 0.00106 1.29 0.198
Divorced 0.0105 0.00111 9.44 0.000
Unmarried union -0.0202 0.0008 -25.45 0.000
Widower 0.0039 0.00164 2.4 0.016
Occupational status
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TABLE 3: MARGINAL EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUALS SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ON THE 
PROBABILITY OF ACCESSING REHABILITATION SERVICES (2021).
VARIABLE MARGINAL EFFECT STD. ERR. Z P-VALUE
Student 0.0818 0.003 27.31 0.000
Student and employed 0.0165 0.00193 8.54 0.000
Pensioner 0.0898 0.00472 19 0.000
Housework 0.0001 0.00079 0.16 0.873
Unemployed -0.0223 0.00073 -30.76 0.000
Relationship to the household head
Spouse 0.0018 0.00095 1.95 0.051
Son/daughter 0.0138 0.00111 12.41 0.000
Father or mother -0.0229 0.00145 -15.8 0.000
Brother/sister -0.0141 0.00236 -5.97 0.000
Another relative -0.0253 0.00289 -8.77 0.000
Another nonrelative 0.1157 0.00701 16.52 0.000
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VL SURVEY 2021.
CONCLUSIONS
C.3.1 VISP supported the creation and operation of the VU’s psychosocial rehabilitation strategies 
(Entrelazando and EREG), facilitating victims’ access to psychosocial care through the local presence of 
professionals and community agents trained to support these initiatives. Despite these advances, 
challenges persist in coverage, quality, and evaluation of these strategies (F.3.1, F.3.2). 
C.3.2 VISP supported the MOH in implementing processes to facilitate victims’ access to the PAPSIVI 
and physical/functional rehabilitation centers in low and medium-complexity level health centers. It 
supported training processes, grants, technical assistance, and dialogue with different health system 
actors. These actions positively impacted health care for victims as well as for the general population, 
even in non-VISP municipalities. Despite these advances, weaknesses persist in the GoC health system 
with regards to expanding coverage, providing services permanently, and coordinating psychosocial care 
with physical and other mental health services (F.3.3, F.3.4, F.3.5).
C.3.3 Psychosocial care and rehabilitation services are not coordinated with public policy actions in the 
areas of mental health or social inclusion, or with the general public and individual health processes 
within the health system. As a result, victims receive fragmented physical and mental health care services 
and the services they receive rarely apply a psychosocial and rights-based approach (F.3.6).
C.3.4 Socio-economic factors affecting access to rehabilitation services include ethnicity, geographic 
location, age, and economic status. While women have greater access to these services, persons of 
minority ethnic origin residing in dispersed rural areas, youth, and older adults, have limited access. The 
53 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
GoC faces a critical challenge in methodologically, operationally, and financially adapting its psychosocial 
rehabilitation strategies to reach and help these populations heal (F.3.7, F.3.8).
RECOMMENDATIONS 
R.3.1 Develop mechanisms to continue expanding the quality and coverage of psychosocial
rehabilitation strategies through EREG, Entrelazando, and PAPSIVI (C.3.1, C.3.2).
R.3.2 Continue providing support to the VU for the qualification of the EREG strategy and the
Entrelazando strategy, strengthening mechanisms for referring cases to individual rehabilitation as
required (C.3.1).
R.3.3 Continue supporting the MOH in the implementation of PAPSIVI, especially in developing
differential technical guidelines, strengthening monitoring and follow-up systems, strengthening
coordination between its two components, and using the RUV by SGSSS actors (C.3.2).58
R.3.4 Accompany the MOH in developing strategies to strengthen access to physical/functional
rehabilitation centers in the new institutions providing health services (IPS), expand the operation of the
disability registry, and design this service to include other comprehensive reparation measures for the
victim population (C.3.2).
R.3.5 In collaboration with the MOH, develop a strategy for permanent large-scale training on the
psychosocial approach, differential approach, disability registration, and use of the RUV for local
governments, EPS, IPS, and health professionals/technicians (C.3.2).
R.3.6 Support the MOH and the VU in implementing mechanisms that technically and operationally
integrate psychosocial rehabilitation with other reparation measures, mental health services, and other
psychosocial rehabilitation strategies offered by the Colombian Family Welfare Institute, DPS, and the
MOE (C.3.3,C.3.4).
R.3.7 Promote the creation of collaborative differential strategies with authorities and ethnic
communities to enable access to collective psychosocial rehabilitation of indigenous persons and to
strengthen access to psychosocial rehabilitation by elderly populations (C.3.4).
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE COMMUNITY AGENT MODEL
Question 4. What are the main strengths and weaknesses of the Community Agent Model?
FINDINGS
CAM STRENGTHS 
F.4.1 ACOPLE had a robust and permanent theoretical and practical training process (ten years) aimed
at community agents. This was based on the CAM guidelines, the needs of participants in each context,
and the agents’ different levels of baseline knowledge. The training process incorporated emotional care
58 Differential guidelines including for women, indigenous, Afro-Colombian, youth, and LGBQTI+ individuals, particularly in rural 
areas. 
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actions for the caregiver and required more time and resources than initially projected. A strength of 
the program is that victims trained as community agents were paid. However, we found no information 
regarding training actions aimed at agent’s professionalization (i.e., training and certification).
“So going to ACOPLE was like deepening and making more technical what we leaders had already been 
doing in a certain way (...) and Heartland with AFRODES trained us to step by step in all the issues that 
were appearing (...) look, we started training to attend the displaced population, right, suicide appeared, we 
were trained to respond to suicide attempts, sexual violence appeared, they trained us for violence regarding 
sexual orientation, the LGBTQI+ population appeared, we had training, care for children, we received 
training, and for me that was new, constant training is important to me.” (Community Agent)
F.4.2 The care provided by community agents (a peer-to-peer approach) proved effective in reducing 
post-trauma and mental health symptoms in the victim population. It generated confidence in the care 
processes, facilitated the socialization and community acceptance of the program, contributed to the de￾stigmatization of mental health care, allowed beneficiaries to receive various types of care according to 
their needs (individual vs. group, by a community agent vs. by a professional), and generated higher 
coverage rates than initially anticipated.
“For me, the first moments of ACOPLE were significant because all of us were victims, and being able to 
process our feelings, the situations that we had experienced to help the other person, it was a difficult 
process, but at the same time it was nice because we had never done it, we had never talked to a 
psychologist, so it was something very particular.” (Community Agent)
As reflected in Exhibits 23 and 24, ACOPLE surpassed its goal for the number of people accessing its 
mental health interventions by 38 percent. Furthermore, 80 percent of beneficiaries reported at least a 
ten percent reduction in functional impairments.
Exhibit 23. Number of vulnerable people benefitting from emotional support.
SOURCE: USAID/COLOMBIA MONITOR
55 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 24. Share of ACOPLE participants who report at least a 10 percent reduction in functional impairment (2020). Share is 
in percentage.
SOURCE: USAID/COLOMBIA MONITOR.
F.4.3 The CAM facilitated the strengthening and reconstruction of the social fabric processes at various 
levels: within the team of community agents, between service users and the care team (agents and 
professionals), among service users in the group modality, and among beneficiaries that were part of 
local income generation projects.
“That connection that they achieved among the participants, I believe, contributed to the social fabric, to the 
social cohesion of micro-communities and communities, partly because, let’s say, a call was made 
neighborhood by neighborhood. Many times, a person who was a neighbor of another would meet, and due 
to issues of displacement, due to issues of arrival in a host community, they did not know each other, and it 
turned out that they had an acquaintance of a distant relative, they had something in common. And then 
they began to go together to these ACOPLE meetings and a bond between people begun to be created that 
later lasts, after the intervention is over, it lasts.” (Heartland Alliance)
As documented in the literature, violence survivors require spaces such as Narrative Community-based 
Group Therapy where they can express themselves, be accompanied by others, and create support 
networks.59 According to the interviewees, these spaces are conducive to recover rituals and traditions 
(e.g. alabados, food, cooking, crafts, stories, anecdotes, poems, and customs) that were lost when they 
were displaced into cities. Participants indicated that having these spaces allows them to express pain 
that cannot be easily externalized in other social situations (Bonilla-Escobar et al., 2017).
F.4.4 The CISALVA Institute’s participation as a research team in implementing the CAM in Colombia 
was a strength of the program.60 This enabled the creation of a local instrument for measuring 
beneficiaries’ mental health symptoms at the start and end of receiving the intervention. This support 
allowed the execution of a robust strategy to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the 
interventions, as well as contributed to the evidence-based knowledge regarding the local application of 
the CAM. This is another innovative characteristic of ACOPLE’s implementation.
59 Narrative Community-based Group Therapy (NCGT) aims to train people from the community (Lay Psychosocial 
Community Workers –LPCW) to offer psychosocial support in mental health, under a supervising psychologist. In this 
intervention, the community participates and gives solutions to its mental health problems. In the contexts of narrative 
therapies, people are considered as thinkable beings who give meaning to painful experiences through their language and 
interaction with others (Osorio-Cuellar, G et al., 2017). 60 The CISALVA is the Institute for Research and Development in Prevention of Violence and Promotion of Social Coexistence, 
del Valle University
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“The first intervention was carried out, it was validated at the beginning and end, but after that first 
intervention, the following years continued to be monitored. In other words, there were even people who, six 
years after their first intervention, had an assessment on them… They were assessed again, and we looked 
at whether people still had those coping techniques in mind, using those mechanisms they may or may not 
have acquired in the support process. And if people were identified who at the time needed to complement 
their care, CISALVA sent us that information, “Such a person was contacted, he requires follow-up again, 
according to symptoms, we suggest sending a community agent or a psychologist,” and well, they did that 
periodically the following years. (...) And we also called them (...) I think it was something like a source of 
verification, that it was from Heartland Alliance, not here from the Quibdó office but from the office at the 
national level; someone called to verify if this person did or did not receive any service.” (ACOPLE 
Professionals)
F.4.5 A strength of the CAM was the use of various types of supervision of the interventions carried 
out: individual supervision (professional plus community agent), group supervision (professionals plus 
group of community agents), and peer supervision (among community agents). John Hopkins University, 
the CISALVA Institute, and Heartland Alliance participated in these processes, establishing horizontal 
relationships, and allowing community agents to strengthen their care skills through practice. In addition, 
these exercises respected the confidentiality of the beneficiaries, which in turn strengthened trust. 
However, this supervision process was not systematized.
“… all the community agents met with supervising, each with their situation. With the psychologist, many 
times, we helped her to give opinions (...) Each one from their tools, from their experience, and their tools “I 
did this, and it worked for me, let’s see if it works for you too” that was what we did in group supervisions.” 
(Community Agents)
CAM WEAKNESSES
F.4.6 Although the victims that received services through ACOPLE were predominantly of Afro￾Colombian descent, the CAM did not include the ethnic differential approach in its care protocols.61
Following the original design of John Hopkins University, formal adaptations were made to the protocols 
on issues such as the style of care and language. In addition, ACOPLE created its group care strategy 
that complemented individual care, but the results of the group care process have not been published.
“Yes, it is a very Western model, thinking of mental health as individual and family well-being. But when 
dealing with Afro-Colombian and indigenous communities, the understanding of mental health must be 
transformed. Above all, in indigenous communities, because it is not the same definition, it is not the same 
understanding (…) This was not done because it was not raised in that way, but some adaptations were 
achieved in the language and in the methodological adaptations that made it possible to recognize other 
manifestations of discomfort or symptoms that could be indicating psychosocial involvement.” (Heartland 
Alliance)
61 For purposes of understanding diversity, the differential approach includes life cycle, sexual orientation or gender identity, 
ethnicity, disability, and specific situations that generate social inequities (forced displacement, sex work, region to which one 
belongs or where they live among others) (MOH, 2021). The ethnic differential approach is a method of analysis, action, and 
assessment of the population, based on the protection of the rights of ethnic peoples from a perspective of equality and 
diversity. This approach collects and makes visible the thought, worldview, and visions of development of the communities 
themselves and incorporates them as actions concrete in the interventions (DNP, 2012)
57 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
F.4.7 Though the implementation of the CAM reflected a majority of female participation at all levels 
(care professionals, community agents, and beneficiaries), its implementation did not formally 
incorporate a gender approach.
According to Heartland and CISALVA, integrating the gender approach was necessary within the 
Colombian context given the characteristics of victim beneficiaries. However, within the CAM, this 
approach was not incorporated. Strong results were nonetheless accomplished from a gender 
perspective. For instance, according to the USAID Monitor data, 97 percent of women who attended 
reported at least a 12 percent reduction in mental health symptoms.
“Our percentage of women participants was much higher than that of men. It is an issue that we could 
never resolve. We tried to balance the participation of men a little, but it was not what we expected (...) 
where we were working; it was more normal for women to receive these services, to accept that it was the 
support they required. There is a very big prejudice in Colombia, especially against men.” (Heartland 
Alliance)
“Finding men was quite complicated, and there was no approximation of gender, of men as patients, there 
was no approximation.” (CISALVA)
CAM SUSTAINABILITY
F.4.8 The social organization AFRODES participated in contacting, selecting, and hiring the community 
agents affiliated with CAM. However, these actions were not linked to a continuous organizational 
strengthening process, which resulted in weaknesses in the transfer of capacities and limitations in the 
information management processes between AFRODES and Heartland Alliance.
As stated in ACOPLE’s final evaluation (2020), the program’s implementation “included support on the 
institutional strengthening of AFRODES as a strategic partner that played the main role at the 
commencement of the program, regarding its governance. However, later, AFRODES was relegated to 
execute operational actions, losing projection and sustainability-building.” 
“One of the objectives of ACOPLE was to strengthen AFRODES in its process, and let’s say that we could 
have made a much closer support, much more sustained, which in the end we tried to do with the 
agreement modalities and the support and training that we offered them. When these shortcomings were 
evident and the support was not constant, there were some communication situations between AFRODES
and Heartland Alliance. We were indeed able to negotiate, and we were able to better align ourselves with 
the objective we had, but it was not always a loving and fluid relationship.” (Heartland Alliance)
F.4.9 The CAM did not have continuity in AFRODES once USAID funding ended. This fact is related to 
the weaknesses in the organizational strengthening process and the challenges in obtaining resources for 
the ACOPLE Foundation. Given that the foundation was created a year before the project’s closing, it 
did not have the necessary experience to apply for funds to allow continuity in implementing the 
strategy.
“Three sustainability scenarios were analyzed. The first was a health center, and let’s say that all the 
requirements and all the needs that the IPS was going to have to operate were analyzed. The second was a 
local non-profit organization, and the third was to merge a local non-profit organization with financing from 
USAID, as in a figure of local alliances for development with the private sector. So, we had to have a partner 
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from the private sector who decided to invest and say that USAID leveraged those resources. At that time, 
this financing figure did not exist in Colombia. So that was one of the first options rejected. The other two 
remain. In the economic analysis, the investment required for the IPS to reach its break-even point was more 
or less COP 2 billion and two years of operation with all the requirements (...) The other option was the non￾profit organization, and that was chosen: ACOPLE is currently registered as a foundation in Cali. It is a 
foundation that has a mission to continue providing mental health care and psychosocial support to 
populations affected by violence.” (Heartland Alliance)
F.4.10 Even though the CAM included actions for the dissemination and transfer of the model to SGSSS 
actors and victims’ care institutions in its design, the transfer was limited. For instance, other 
institutional strategies supported by programs such as VISP (e.g., PAPSIVI, EREG, and Entrelazando) did 
not adopt the CAM. This is related to weaknesses in the design of the model’s advocacy process, high 
turnover of staff, changes in political will, and the cost of the model.
“We had two Agreements of Understanding signed with the Municipal Health Secretary, in this case from 
Quibdó. This is to transfer our models to the territorial entity so they could implement that among the 
community care programs. That was our main focus (...) although they received initial training regarding the 
individual and group care model, it was not implemented (…) the municipality did not authorize it. And 
there were more political issues.” (ACOPLE’s Professional)
CONCLUSIONS
C.4.1 The CAM effectively reduced mental health and post-trauma symptoms through a peer-based 
care approach. This resulted from a solid training and supervision process for community agents, 
building trust between beneficiaries and a partnership with organizations for the emotional (ACOPLE) 
team, and strengthening the social fabric at the local level (F.4.1, F.4.2, F.4.3). 
C.4.2 Throughout its implementation, the CAM adopted innovative measurement strategies, 
implemented effective research, and utilized a comprehensive approach for supervising cases 
and accompanying community agents to promote the quality of interventions. This reflects a unique 
characteristic of the CAM over other psychosocial care strategies and is a strength of the 
implementation model (F.4.4, F.4.5). 
C.4.3 Despite creating awareness for the service provision protocol with community agents and Afro 
Colombian populations and making language adaptations to better contextualize it, the CAM did not 
include formal methodological adaptations from its original model and did not formally include gender 
and ethnic approaches in its care protocols, although the majority of beneficiaries were Afro Colombian 
women. (F.4.6, F.4.7). 
C.4.4 The organizational strengthening provided to AFRODES was insufficient to adequately transfer 
the technical, administrative, and financial capacities required for the sustained implementation of the 
CAM after USAID’s support ended (F.4.8,F.4.9). 
C.4.5 Although dissemination actions were carried out, the CAM has not been adopted by government 
entities due to challenges in the relationship between the MOH and the VU, as well as weaknesses in 
the management processes of local Health Secretariats and the high costs of the model (F.4.10). 
59 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
RECOMMENDATIONS 
R.4.1 Given the effectiveness of the CAM, continue to support the implementation of validated
strategies to provide psychosocial and mental health support for victims (C.4.1).
R.4.2 In future programs, continue to systematize training processes developed with community agents
and support coordination of these actors through formal training, providing incentives for
professionalization, and analyzing training and certification results (C.4.1).
R.4.3 For support to future implementation of the CAM or similar interventions, maintain and promote
the link between professionals and knowledge management teams (C.4.2).
R.4.4 For support to future implementation of the CAM or similar interventions, maintain, promote,
and systematize technical supervision strategies carried out by community agents, identifying good
practices, limitations, and results of each type of supervision across care processes (C.4.2).
R.4.5 For support to future implementation of the CAM or similar interventions, identify strategies that
facilitate modifications related to differential approaches to be formally incorporated into care services.
These should be tailored to the profiles of the victim population (C.4.3).
R.4.6 With regard to future processes to support community mental health strategies for victims,
consider the results (currently being published) of the group model that ACOPLE implemented,
complementing the CAM (C.4.3).
R.4.7 As an input for current and future programs, review and update the organizational strengthening
model for ownership of the CAM by victims’ organizations (C.4.4).
R.4.8 Review and update the CAM transfer strategy to SGSSS actors and SNARIV psychosocial care
programs (C.4.5).
RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM VISP ECONOMIC PILOT PROJECTS
Question 5. What were the lessons learned and results of the VISP pilot projects developed to strengthen 
the capacity of CSOs in economic empowerment, employability, and incidence in public policies? 
FINDINGS 
F.5.1. VISP’s economic stabilization pilot62 successfully tailored its model for working with different
types of RPOs with victims’ participation. Beneficiary organizations had different sizes and different
member compositions and exhibited different needs and levels of organizational, commercial, technical,
environmental, public policy, and communications capacities.
62 In 2018, VISP started the implementation of six pilot projects working with six RPOs of different levels of maturity. The 
program characterized the organizations, jointly defined a work plan, and provided support that included technical assistance, 
the use of ICTs for commercialization, and financial resources to buy equipment. The objective of the pilot was to identify 
lessons learned and best practices for the economic stabilization of victims.
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SOURCE: IOM
TABLE 4: PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATIONS SUPPORTED BY VISP
ASSOCIATION DEPARTMENT MUNICIPALITY PRODUCT MEMBERS MEN WOMEN
% OF 
MEMBERS 
INCLUDED 
IN THE RUV
Arpasinuc Córdoba Tierralta Plane-tree 47 29 16 61%
Asomesc Cauca Buenos Aires Pineapple 21 -- 21 94%
Asproquema Antitoquia Anorí Cheese 207 165 42 48%
Grasmer Caquetá Florencia 
Amazonian 
fruits and 
dairy 
products 25 -- 25 68%
Cooproacho Chocó Quibdó Natural oils 21 1 20 67%
Cruz de 
Amarillo Nariño Pasto Milk 23 11 12 91%
F.5.2. The definition of the type of support to each RPO was based on the diagnosis and participatory 
definition of the organization’s needs and capacities through a strengthening plan. 
As reflected in the following exhibit, the capacities of the RPOs varied and generally were higher 
regarding organizational aspects and lower on the environmental and technical dimensions.
Exhibit 25. Pre-intervention quantitative diagnosis of VISP supported by organizations (2018). For further details on the index, 
see Annex B.
SOURCE: IOM
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When defining work plans, the organizations interviewed consistently reported valuing joint dialogue and 
being provided with autonomy to identify areas of work:
“We had received support before, but sometimes they arrive, deliver, and do not ask what the association 
wants or the ideals. IOM was always telling us, ‘it is not what we want to bring, it is what the association 
wants to do, what it has in mind to do, and we are here to support you in what you consider you need for 
the good development of your association.’ That is why there is a difference.” (VISP Pilot Organization)
Investment amounts made by VISP totaled COP 1,100 million and varied from COP 141 million to COP 
58.4 million per organization. As shown in the following figures, the criteria to define investment levels 
were not guided by the size of the organization and there is no clear association between the level of 
investment and the average organizational capacities score. This implies that the definition of investment 
was more case-to-case depending on the work plan with each RPO, rather than following a defined 
algorithm or pre-defined investment range.
Exhibit 26. Investment by organization- total and per member (millions COP). For further details on the index, see Annex B.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON IOM.
Exhibit 27. Investment by organization vs. average organizational score (millions COP).
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON IOM.
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F.5.3. VISP’s economic stabilization pilot project was adapted to work with vulnerable rural populations, 
though there was no straightforward differential approach for working with victims. 
“Let’s say that we did have a differential approach, but strictly we did not reflect it in the project, because it 
was not one of the areas of analysis, how to work with women specifically? How to do it with Afro￾descendant populations? How to do it with young people?” (IOM National) 
F.5.4. While the pilot project did not have specific goals regarding improvements in the organization’s 
production and commercialization results, there were some reported improvements in increased 
production, diversification, and sales. For instance, one of the organizations reported a 60 percent 
increase in sales, while another reported a 50 percent increase in production capacity.
F.5.5. The pilot project RPOs continue to face challenges in commercializing their products at scale and 
in a permanent manner, as is required for economic stabilization and guaranteeing the sustainability of 
the support received. These challenges persist despite receiving training related to commercialization 
capacities, for instance, training in using social media and establishing the organization’s web pages and 
support to obtain quality certificates.
“That is what we want, a more stable commercialization because we sell and we make yogurts every eight 
days, but I am not going to tell you we are making 500 yogurts monthly.” (VISP Pilot Projects
Organization) 
In line with the above, the following exhibit shows that when inquired about the different activities 
carried out in the economic pilot projects, the interviewees highlighted more strengths regarding 
improving technical capacities and more significant challenges in achieving sustainability of the results. 
Exhibit 28. Number of times when interviewees mentioned strengths vs. challenges when inquired about the different activities 
carried out by the pilot projects.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM-BASED QUALITATIVE DATA.
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F.5.6. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the implementation of the economic pilot projects, in that they 
had to bring training to virtual platforms. The pandemic also affected local economic environments and, 
thus, the opportunities for RPOs to improve their sales. This added to pre-existing local economic 
barriers, including poor road infrastructure and limited internet connectivity. However, the pandemic 
did not jeopardize the pilot’s operation or the achievement of its goals overall.
“Basically, with the IOM, well, we also had some difficulties that were the pandemic, there we moved away a 
bit, we did not have as many things, but we also did virtual meetings, virtual training.” (VISP Pilot 
Organization)
 “There were always many downturns; in the pandemic, we had downturns.” (IOM National)
F.5.7. A successful innovation of the economic pilot projects was the emphasis on peer-to-peer learning 
provided by an established organization (Territories de Aprendizaje). As clearly noted in the interviews, 
this allowed participants to learn from first-hand experiences, yielding practical knowledge and 
motivation that training provided by other types of actors cannot typically generate.
“It was essential to get to know these organizations in real life; theory can handle anything; reality cannot be 
disguised. So, we learned about that reality from other organizations where they also had many difficulties, 
but these difficulties generate learning; in these associative and business processes, always the error, the 
difficulties, and the problems will bring learning, and that learning helps us to be much better, then we 
learned about the experience of these organizations in Territorios de Aprendizaje, and we understood what 
we have to do at the time.” (VISP Pilot Organization)
F.5.8. The pilot project emphasized capacity transfer and empowered the organizations and local 
governments in their co-responsibility to continue the strengthening process beyond the implementation 
of the program. 
“All the time, we had to push them: “No, this is yours. You have to be there,” and that is why for us, in the 
framework of this project, it was essential always to be empowering and accompanying them but doing it 
together. That was also important, and that is also a lesson learned. We provide, but you also provide. We 
are going to give you inputs, but you are going to plant, and you are going to learn to sow, and then they will 
continue to do it alone because we will not be here all our lives.” (IOM National)
F.5.9. Pilot projects empowered organizations, and particularly women members, to strengthen and re￾orient their work. They also provided a better understanding of the role of rural associations in income 
generation, which should be an activity that yields returns and benefits and should be economically 
sustainable. 
“We received an essential training where IOM asked us: ‘What are we part of this organization for what?’ 
and we said: ‘To improve our quality of life,’ but ‘What does an associate earn from what she invests in the 
organization?’ (…) Well, we did not earn anything because we thought the project is non-profit. But when 
the IOM arrives and explains to us what a non-profit organization is and why an association has to grow…” 
(VISP Pilot Organization)
F.5.10. VISP’s economic pilot projects systematized lessons learned in documents, a web page, a 
podcast, and a public event. Further national-level dissemination activities were not carried out due to 
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time constraints, although local teams of the Implementing Partner informally socialized results with 
local governments.
“Each thing that the document has was a product of what happened, so it was daily documentation of what 
we were collecting.” “Ah, well, this happened,” “this happened with the women of Chocó,” “it is that this 
happened with Grasmer.” (National IOM) 
“Putting these recommendations into practice is being done by these six organizations, which does not mean 
that it has to be only them because they were the base, but rather that the National Government is aware of 
the project and replicates it. We did that and are doing it a little with the council of governors from our 
territorial offices. And at the launch that we invited, let’s say, and we told a little about all the project results, 
and the Ministry of Labor was there, it was at the public employment service. We invited different entities 
and organizations that had to do with these issues of empowerment and income generation (...) we did not 
do more because, let’s say, and we were in the closing phase.” (National IOM)
F.5.11. Various actors recognize the value of VISP’s direct economic stabilization work with victims and
clearly recognize economic stability as a fundamental need of victims as a requisite for achieving effective
reparation.
“Income generation is what allows the transition from the assistance that comes in the VL to achieving, 
guaranteeing, that self-support, that life project in the processes of integral reparation.” (Non-Institutional 
Actor)
“I think that it is necessary, urgent, too important. I go back and say the word urgent, to support the victim 
population with this kind of project, if USAID could study the possibility that for this region, for this country, it 
is essential to make a small push that population that wants to get ahead, that at some point had the 
opportunity to have it, their farms generating cattle, milk.” (Local IOM) 
CONCLUSIONS
C.5.1. The flexibility in VISP’s pilot intervention model distinguishes it from traditional policy tools,
facilitating work with various RPOs while responding to their specific needs and capacities, which were
collaboratively defined (F.5.1, F.5.2).
C.5.2. There are opportunities to tailor the organizational strengthening model further to respond to
the specific needs of specific victim population groups (F.5.2, F.5.3).
C.5.3. VISP’s economic stabilization pilot projects were innovative in various ways, including
emphasizing practical learning, peer-to-peer learning, organizational empowerment, and assistance to
local governments to support the economic stabilization of victims’ RPOs and their members (F.5.4,
F.5.5, F.5.6).
C.5.4. Despite providing comprehensive support to strengthen the organizational, technical,
commercial, and financial capacities of RPOs, challenges remain regarding increasing their economic
opportunities, recognizing that these are limited by contextual economic conditions (F.5.7, F.5.8, F.5.9).
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C.5.5. The pilot project was successful in systematizing lessons learned. However, there are 
opportunities to disseminate and transfer these lessons to become effective inputs for the design and 
implementation of future private and publicly funded interventions, including by donors to support the 
income generation of victims or other vulnerable rural populations (F.5.10).
C.5.6. Despite not being a core component of VISP, working directly with RPOs to advance the 
economic stabilization of victims proved to be a successful and necessary focus of the comprehensive 
reparation process for victims (F.5.11).
RECOMMENDATIONS 
R.5.1. Design a step-by-step guideline to implement a comprehensive, participatory, and flexible 
approach to defining tailored strengthening plans to be carried out jointly with organizations so that 
interventions are seen as relevant and appropriate by beneficiaries (C.5.1).
R.5.2. Design guidelines to systematically incorporate differential approaches into the economic 
strengthening intervention model, focused on the victim’s differential approach (C.5.2).
R.5.3. Regarding current and future interventions, define economic indicators and objectives for the 
organization’s production and commercialization performance. The analysis of results and the 
identification of challenges should iteratively inform efforts to address the economic stabilization of 
RPOs with victim members (C.5.4, C.5.5).
R.5.4. Regarding future interventions, strengthen commercialization support provided to organizations 
(including supporting and accompanying them to negotiate sales agreements with private actors), as well 
as access to resources (including accompanying them to request agricultural credit or structure a 
project to apply to other types of public or private financial support). These efforts should contribute to 
the sustainability and scaling-up of these interventions (C.5.5, C.5.6).
R.5.5. Design a booklet systematizing the methodology for peer-to-peer capacity transfer and 
disseminate this among key actors that could replicate it for future programs (C.5.4).
R.5.6. As part of a focus on generating co-responsibility and empowering organizations as change￾makers, include implementing a project that benefits the local community as part of any future program’s 
beneficiary organization’s responsibilities. This will help rebuild social relationships in victims’ 
communities (C.5.4).
R.5.7. Design a strategy to expand and deepen the dissemination of lessons learned and knowledge 
management products resulting from economic pilot projects with other USAID programs, other
development actors, inter-institutional agencies, and with key public programs focused on rural
associations (C.5.5).
R.5.8. With regard to future programs aimed at supporting the comprehensive reparations for victims, 
include an economic stabilization component, recognizing its importance as part of the process of
guaranteeing victims’ rights, as well as to ensure the sustainability of other reparation measures (C.5.6).
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RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC STABILITY OF VICTIMS
Question 6. What have been the GoC’s actions, results, and lessons learned to improve the economic 
stability of victims? Is there a need for USAID programming in this area? What should be the strategy of 
this programming?
FINDINGS 
ACTIONS AND RESULTS REGARDING THE INCOME GENERATION OF VICTIMS 
F.6.1 Interviewees consider income generation to be a key mechanism that allows victims to move from 
receiving assistance to obtaining comprehensive reparations and acquiring the capabilities for self￾support. 
“I would say that the rights that must be accompanied in this last stage are the economic and social rights. 
How good that you and I know our rights, that we know how to access them, that we know this institutional 
framework. Still, if in real life I don’t even have how to finance the basic needs of my family and the 
members of my organization, well, I’m not going to live on my own (...) So, I think that this click with the 
generation of economic opportunities is a click that I would say to USAID, do not lose sight of it because I 
think it is time.” (Local IOM)
“I would go for the issue of income generation; I believe that, although the other rights are fundamental, they 
are important, it is necessary to bet on the issue of income generation, so a family becomes autonomous, not 
depending on humanitarian aid, because if I don’t receive humanitarian aid this month, then I don’t have a 
way to feed my children. So having that autonomy in this economic part and this empowerment in this 
income generation issue is vital for what the law wants, the effective enjoyment of the rights of the victim 
population and beginning to release them, right?” (Local VU)
F.6.2. There have been advances in stabilizing the economic situation for victims, including increasing 
the topic’s visibility, creating specifically targeted programs, and setting additional entry criteria for 
victims in income generation programs for vulnerable populations. 
“There has been progress in the implementation of programs such as the protection of the unemployed, the 
entrepreneurship law, programs such as FEST, Somos Rurales, and efforts to unify instruments such as the 
characterization tool for profiling people who seek employment.” (Expert in income generation, 
researcher)
F.6.3. Two types of entrepreneurship income generation interventions exist: programs targeted 
specifically to victims (in particular, internally displaced populations with specific budget allocations) and 
general income generation programs targeted towards vulnerable persons. In regard to the latter, 
victims are eligible to access these, in some cases with preferential entry criteria. Multiple experts 
interviewed agreed that it is preferable to have general policy instruments but incorporate a differential 
approach for victims in their implementation:
“I think it is better to work with areas and programs that are already working… and in all these programs 
serve victims… to say that we are going to develop a program only for victims, it would be the same 
program with the same attention basically.” (Income generation expert, DPS)
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“I do believe that whoever attends to the victim population, whether rural or urban, has to have another 
language, as well as the one who attends to indigenous people or Afro-descendants…the person has to have 
had experience working with victims, to be able to recognize a lot of things in the experiences of victims, of 
very complex conditions of life.” (Expert income generation, MoC)
F.6.4. In general, income generation programs for vulnerable populations do not incorporate a 
differential approach for working with victims (e.g., offering or referring beneficiaries to receive 
psychosocial support related to conflict-derived trauma). As different public officials and third-sector 
experts interviewed recognize:
“We have methodologies, guidelines for a differential approach, but to tell you that Mi Negocio does 
something special for victims? No, it is the same operational pathway.” (Income generation expert, DPS)
“In practice, there was no differential approach, which should exist (...) we had psychosocial professionals but 
aimed at promoting the commercial topic (...) the victim population requires support with a priority emphasis 
on psychosocial, yes, but for issues of time that is left aside... the guide can capture interesting things, but in 
practice, they remain in the workshops... and well, it is not an intervention process, but a referral process of 
those situations that they identify and that put the business unit at risk.” (IOM National)
The absence of a differential approach contrasts with its relevance:
“Rehabilitation is a key aspect because there is robust evidence on the incidence of forced displacement on 
the emotional state of the victims and their performance in the labor market. A Universidad de Los Andes
study says that the victims suffer from a greater aversion to risk, hopelessness, and low prospects for social 
mobility. Trauma hinders socio-emotional skills and is a poverty trap.” (Income Generation Expert, 
independent, consultant)
F.6.5. Most entrepreneurship income generation support programs for vulnerable populations 
(including victims) offer a mix of entrepreneurship training, cross-cutting skills training (e.g., leadership, 
decision-making skills, communication, etc.), and financial incentives to capitalize on existing or new 
productive projects (both rural and urban). 
When revising the existing programs, we found that the intervention unit is the individual and the 
intervention’s approach is assistance-based. Economic market dynamics orient a few interventions (e.g., 
the definition of productive projects responding to the local economic context or working systematically 
with the private sector). Experts interviewed agreed that it is urgent to rethink the target approach, so 
income generation interventions are not viewed as individual assistance, but rather as territorial 
interventions aligned with local market dynamics:
“Increasing the effectiveness of the policy should be sought. One mechanism could be to move from the 
nuclear (individual or household) to the community (block, village, etc.). Interventions at the community level 
have more possibilities of results and sustainability to the extent that they contribute to social control, the 
expansion of coverage, linkages, complementarities, and scalability (...) In a community intervention, well, one 
cultivates, the other transports, the other sells, and you begin to link those productive chains.” (Income 
Generation expert, researcher)
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“Also, the alliances with the private sector on inclusive linkages can be a very important factor of 
sustainability because when we withdraw, surely the private company will be in the territories and will be 
able to contribute including in its value chain the entrepreneurs.” (Income Generation Expert, National 
VU)
LESSONS LEARNED REGARDING INCOME GENERATION FOR VICTIMS
F.6.6 The exact number of victims that have accessed income generation programs is unclear, as is the 
universe of victims potentially requiring this type of support. Estimates indicate that more than 1.2 
million victims have productive projects and thus could require entrepreneurship strengthening. The 
above is evidence of the limited advance in services coverage, partially as a result of insufficient fiscal 
resources invested in this kind of interventions. For instance, of the COP 2.3 billion included in the new 
victims’ Colombian National Council for Economic and Social Policy, income generation represents only 
1.6 percent of total public resources. Furthermore, data reported on victims’ access to income 
generation programs differs by source and is not unified by all programs or periods. 
TABLE 5: ESTIMATED NUMBER OF VICTIMS WITH ACCESS TO INCOME GENERATION PROGRAMS
NUMBER AREA
3.300.000 Labor skills formation
255.000 Entrepreneurship
522.000 Labor engagement
SOURCE: 8TH REPORT – VL FOLLOW-UP COMMISSION. AGGREGATES 2017-2021 
According to the Attorney General’s Office follow-up reports on the VL, between 2018 and 2020, the 
VU reported that, on average, 40,000 victims have accessed entrepreneurship programs each year, with 
two-thirds being women. While the access of female victims to income generation programs has 
advanced, and in many programs, women constitute the majority of beneficiaries, access barriers persist, 
including having time to access programs, care responsibilities, and the opportunity cost of receiving 
other income.
DPS program data reports 90,000 victims accessed income generation support between 2015 and 2021, 
with yearly numbers decreasing in the last years.
Exhibit 29. Number of victims of forced displacement that have accessed the line of entrepreneurship and strengthening (DPS 
programs), 2015-2021. 
SOURCE: DPS
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F.6.7. Victims can access at least 17 income generation programs from at least eight public agencies. 
This ample supply of programs is not organized following an ordered-systematic services protocol (i.e., 
having an intervention model tailored to different capabilities and necessities of RPOs that orient each 
towards specific programs). Furthermore, as argued by the interviewed experts, there are no general 
guidelines for targeting programs, and the information on victims’ economic necessities and access to 
programs is not integrated. 
“No one has been the single gateway for projects. As there is no single gateway, each one takes the victim 
they want to attend to in the way they want. So, victims do not know what projects they can access and 
which they cannot. The second thing, the offer comes to the victim like a drop from the sky, that is, we take 
a list, one day the victim is sitting at home and receives a call, and they say, “Hey go to a training.” (Income 
Generation Expert, independent consultant) 
“And everyone spends money, that is not efficient, making characterizations. I think that this is one of the 
great challenges, and it is one of how you manage to share that information to see if, for example, you are 
spending the same amount with the same association from the Ministry of Agriculture, from the DPS and 
from the Ministry of Commerce, which can also happen.” (Expert income generation, Ministry of 
Commerce)
F.6.8. The institutional arrangement for victims’ income generation remains weak.63 The definition of 
roles and leadership has changed over time and is unclear. Furthermore, despite coordination spaces, 
effective integration and communication remain limited, as clearly reported by interviewees.
“There has not been someone to organize the house (…) years pass by, and more institutions are doing 
more things, and that does a lot of damage because there is no one responsible. So, the VU does 
entrepreneurship support, the DPS does entrepreneurship support, SENA does entrepreneurship support, the 
[Ministry of Commerce] does entrepreneurship support, and the Ministry of Work supports 
entrepreneurship. So. everyone does things, and each one does it as they want (...) The downside is a 
disparity in the programs, so income generation programs offer you COP 7 million seed capital, and others 
offer you a million. That is very serious, it is very bad for policy, for development, to establish learning, to 
standardize programs, strategies.” (Income generation Expert) 
The leadership of income generation for victims has transitioned from the DNP to the Ministry of Work 
to the DPS, while the role of the VU has remained unclear. The VU recently created the strategic 
strengthening of the entrepreneurship group, but there is no clarity on its role, and it is a small group 
with limited capabilities to respond to the coordination and leadership challenges that persist.
Weak coordination is evident both within the national government and between the national and local 
governments. 
“Since there is no coordination, it is a disaster, each one focuses on the one they want to attend, and nobody 
tells the other that they are focusing on that one. So, there are victims who could have easily received five 
income generation projects while there are victims who did not receive anything because we continue to have 
many targeting problems.” (Expert income generation) 
63 Meaning the actors, roles, coordination mechanisms.
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F.6.9. The coordination of income generation strategies with other key reparation actions for victims is 
limited. For instance, there is no systematic link between economic compensation and entrepreneurial 
support: 
“The lack of coherence between the reparation measures leads to the transforming principle and the 
internal coherence of the VL not being fulfilled.” (Income Generation Expert, independent consultant) 
Additionally, other reparation measures, such as economic compensation, are not used as local 
economic development strategies despite their potential:
“There is a colleague who received a small economic compensation; he opened an Internet room, generating, 
I think, six jobs—imagine if everyone could do that.” (Victims’ participation roundtable)
F.6.10. The impact of victims’ access to income generation programs is unclear, as few impact 
evaluations have been carried out:
“As far as I know, when I last knew, three years ago, there had not been a serious evaluation of programs, 
much less of policies because it is costly, because it is very complicated and because nobody knows if they 
are going to turn out well or not, so nobody wants to be evaluated.” (Expert income generation, 
researcher)
Furthermore, most programs do not collect follow-up information to identify results on income 
generation or their sustainability:
“The programs do not incorporate a robust monitoring scheme that uses baseline and follow-up instruments 
to assess the effectiveness of the programs in terms of change in household income.” (Income Generation 
Expert, independent consultant)
“At DPS, we try to follow up, but it is a titanic task, this costs a lot, it is time, it is resources.” (Income 
generation expert, DPS) 
As the new victims’ Colombian National Council for Economic and Social Policy concludes: 
“Due to lack of information, it has not been possible to measure the Overcoming of the Vulnerability 
Situation (index) of a victim, in the right to food in 1,862,254 victims, and in income generation in 
2,931,727 victims, which makes it difficult for the State to plan (technically and budgetarily), focus and 
intervene and thus advance in the guarantee and reestablishment of the rights of the assistance 
component.” 
There is, however, clarity regarding challenges for reducing the persistently high incidence of poverty 
among victims.
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Extreme poverty Moderate poverty
Exhibit 30. Proportion of victims’ households in poverty using SISBEN IV proxy estimates. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON SISBEN IV.
F.6.11. Weaknesses in program design limit the potential impact that accessing income generation 
programs can have for victims. In particular, awareness dissemination strategies are weak:
“The victims do not find out about the program, there is an information gap that must be closed in some 
way.” (Income generation expert, Ministry of Commerce) 
Furthermore, financial investments are granted at the end of the program, and the period of 
intervention remains too short:
“The sustainability of the ventures does not occur because they are short projects of less than six months, 
which are prepared in two months and executed in four, and therefore there is no possibility of support in 
the most strategic moments of the programs.” (Income Generation expert, researcher)
“The evidence suggesting that for these prolonged support interventions more than a year is required, that is 
recommended by the 2013 Income Generation Expert Mission.” (Income generation expert, independent 
consultant)
F.6.12 The potential impact and sustainability of income-generating programs are further limited by 
contextual barriers, including structural problems with commercializing products, the low educational 
levels of victims, obstacles to access credit, the weakness of rural associativity, and the persisting issues 
of insecurity.
“Factors of security, access, being able to market what is produced, quality certificates also come into play.” 
(IOM National) 
“The difficult security situation does not allow the communities to carry out their activities in the best way, 
because they are always aware that, if there is a confrontation, that if x or y situation happened. And the 
other issue is illicit crops (…) give them more guarantee than what is legal. Unfortunately, that is still seen in 
the territories, and it is how this false economy is managed in our municipalities.” (Local ART)
F.6.13. The public supply of programs that support entrepreneurship is larger than the number of 
programs that support employability services for victims. Both options of interventions are 
supplementary rather than complementary, as a victim typically requires different abilities to access each. 
Moreover, employment opportunities are not available everywhere and are particularly scarce in small 
and rural municipalities, where the labor market is limited in size (low number of enterprises) and 
diversity, and where services for skills development are scarce.
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“Let’s say they are two different lines, and they are two lines that, in my opinion, are mutually exclusive; 
either you go for employability, or you go for entrepreneurship; you cannot go for both because you need 
very different skills. Entrepreneurship is the one that should take 70 or 80 percent of the population for a 
skills issue because the skills of this population for employability are low.” (Income generation expert, 
researcher)
EMPLOYABILITY
F.6.14. Programs focused on improving employability and the mechanisms through which these 
programs operate do not have clearly defined routes, nor are they sufficiently known by people,
especially in small municipalities and rural areas. This leads to limitations in access to the programs. An 
example is ICETEX’s credits for higher education and SENA’s training offer. 
“Most of the people from the municipalities, from the veredas, do not know that ICETEX has a subsidy for 
them and that this loan is forgivable. So, their children, the majority, are left without studying because they 
do not have the economic capacity… The SENA even goes to places they do not know. No, what happens is 
that I go to the SENA, and I took the exam and did not pass, but some courses allow you to open the way to 
the SENA. So suddenly it’s not because they don’t know, but because they don’t know how the system 
works.” (PAPSIVI implementer)
As the Eighth Report (2020 – 2021) of the Commission for Follow-up and Monitoring of Compliance 
with the VL concludes regarding job placement support, the means of disseminating information are 
unclear and access barriers exist.
F.6.15. The challenge of employability for vulnerable populations, including victims, is to achieve 
effective job placement. This is possible when there is a match between what a company requires and 
the job seeker’s profile, needs, and expectations, which can close the gap between labor demand and 
supply. 
To this end, the labor intermediation process requires including services for the company, the 
intermediation service provider, and the job seeker. In addition, it should guarantee quality services to 
the actors involved (e.g., profiling, orientation, business management) on the part of the providers. 
“The problem is not being or not being a victim, the problem is knowing how to make the connection 
between the interest of the company and the interest of the job seeker. (…) If the person comes to the 
company to fulfill what the company needs, it is perfect, but also obviously meeting the person’s 
expectations.” (National Public Employment Service) 
“First, imagine you put a person who does not have the skills to carry out selection processes, [how to 
interview, how to carry out a selection process] ... Imagine that I sent to the company someone who does not 
know how to do the job. You end up affecting the company: the provider loses credibility, the person looking 
for work loses credibility, and the company becomes disenchanted. So, there is the issue of trust … trust 
from all parties.” (National Public Employment Service)
F.6.16. The availability of strategic information in each employability pathway and at each step
(registration, orientation, capacity building, and employment management) is crucial in guiding actions, as 
are incentives for victims. 
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To this end, it is essential to include topics ranging from macroeconomic issues, such as sector 
performance and economic prospective, to general information on training opportunities and micro 
information, such as the details of each vacancy and the training requirements of each job seeker.
“We insist on continuing with the same employment generation models of productive projects and education 
for work, for jobs that will disappear or have already disappeared, but we don’t want to realize it.” 
(Ombudsman’s office)
“To say something, the private sector, the sugar cane mills, which are the ones we have in the area, generate
the most employment in the territory, right? … I don’t know if there isn’t a public policy that says: Most of 
the companies that generate employment for the victim population of the PDET municipalities will have an 
exemption in something … Yes, that could guarantee that the levels of employability for the victims could 
grow.” (Local ART) 
F.6.17. The implementation and potential results of employment generation programs are complex, and 
they depend on contextual factors such as the characteristics of local economic activities, which in rural 
areas do not correspond to current understandings and regulations on employment. For example, in 
rural areas, employment characteristics are determined by production logic: number of harvests per 
year, duration of the harvests, type of production, schedules of activities, etc. These aspects are not 
always considered.
“How many rural employability projects have there been in the last ten years? I think none, nobody wants to 
take that hot potato, nobody.” (Employability Expert)
“The issue of employment in rural areas, (..) it is not very well regulated (…) ¨[the] rural labor issue, it is not 
the same as in the cities. They work at different times, in different months, you have different cycles, and 
there is no formalization as such.” (National ART) 
CONCLUSIONS
C.6.1 Considering the importance of income generation to advance the comprehensive reparations for
victims, and despite some advances in the provision of programs to support the economic stabilization 
of victims as a result of the VL, there is no formal public policy guiding the design, implementation, or 
coordination of such interventions (F.6.1, F.6.2, F.6.3).
C.6.2 Similar support is offered by both income-generating programs for victims and overall programs 
for vulnerable populations that victims can access. This consists of training and financial support, 
following an individual assistance-based approach and with no distinct approach to working with victims
(F.6.4, F.6.5, F.6.6).
C.6.3. The number of victims that have accessed income-generating programs is unclear and is limited 
compared to the universe of victims potentially requiring this support, which is a critical component for 
achieving the comprehensive and sustained reparations for victims (F.6.6). 
C.6.4. Victims have accessed a variety of public programs. However, the ample supply of programs is 
not structured following a comprehensive services protocol. There are no defined coordination 
mechanisms or guidelines for targeting or implementing the different interventions or linking these with 
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other victim reparation measures. This is due to the persistence of an unclear institutional arrangement 
and leadership role within the GoC to orient interventions supporting victims’ income generation (F.6.7, 
F.6.8, F.6.9).
C.6.5. The impact and sustainability of results from victims’ access to income-generating programs 
remain unclear. This is partly due to limitations in measurement, follow-up, and evaluations, and also due 
to limitations in program design, including the short duration of interventions and the limited financial 
resources offered to beneficiaries. In addition, contextual barriers such as the bad quality of 
infrastructure, the persistence of insecurity, and the limited development and access to local markets 
also constrain potential impacts (F.6.10, F.6.11, F.6.12, F.6.13).
C.6.6. Interventions to support the employability of vulnerable populations, including the victim 
population, are supplementary to entrepreneurship interventions, given the differences in skills that 
beneficiaries typically require for accessing each. However, there are challenges in supporting 
employability in rural areas where the supply of employment is low, job training and qualification of 
victims are restricted, and dissemination and access barriers persist (F.6.14, F.6.15).
C.6.7. Labor intermediation programs that are holistic and provide quality services, support different 
parts of employment pathways, and adapt to local contexts are more likely to result in job placement. 
However, these requirements are demanding from a technical and operational perspective, costly, and 
require prolonged support to achieve effective and sustained job placement (F.6.16, F.6.17, F.6.18).
RECOMMENDATIONS 
R.6.1 Design a conceptual and operative methodology to incorporate a differential approach for victims 
into income-generating programs (C.6.2).
R.6.2 Support and strengthen the design of victims’ income-generating programs with local development 
interventions, specializing in PDETs and working jointly with local governments. This is a strategy to 
transition from individual assistance-based entrepreneurship approaches to interventions incorporating a 
territorial and market-oriented approach that can scale up the potential of results (C.6.2).
R.6.3 Support the design and implementation of an income generation pathway that targets victims. This 
pathway would integrate various existing programs depending on their specific characteristics and the 
type of beneficiary targeted. In addition, this provides a viable means to socialize the existing public 
supply of programs for victims, reducing access barriers related to information (C.6.3).
R.6.4 Support the integration of the characterization data of victims’ economic conditions and those on 
their productive projects into a single information system (C.6.3).
R.6.5 Support the GoC in designing and implementing a strategy to clarify and optimize the institutional 
arrangement for vulnerable populations’ income generation, including for victims (C.6.3).
R.6.6 Conduct an analysis of the possibility of designing income- generating programs following 
payment-by-results (pago por resultados) schemes and piloting this with victim beneficiaries (C.6.4).
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R.6.7 Carry out an analysis of existing follow-up indicators regarding victims’ economic vulnerability as 
well as of income-generating program follow-up indicators, to identify relevant adjustments to be made
(C.6.4).
R.6.8 Support the design and implementation of a strategy to strengthen the marketing component of 
income-generating programs supporting victims so that training and funding is provided to support 
market demand for activities. This is crucial in ensuring the sustainability and scalability of results (C.6.4).
R.6.9. Support the design and implementation of interventions incorporating employability skill 
strengthening for vulnerable populations (including victims) with specific strategies for rural contexts and 
innovative and broad dissemination channels (C.6.5).
R.6.10. Support the design and implementation of standardized labor intermediation programs based on 
results and evidence to close gaps and achieve effective job placement (C.6.6).
RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED IN THE SUPPORT OF THE PEACE ACCORD 
IMPLEMENTATION
Question 7. What were the main results and lessons learned from the VISP institutional and technical 
adaptation strategy to support the Peace Accord implementation? What challenges does USAID still face 
on the Peace Accord victim’s interventions? 
FINDINGS 
RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED
F.7.1. VISP was designed to support the implementation of policies aimed at providing victims with 
comprehensive assistance and reparations under the content and scope of the VL. Subsequently, actions 
to support the implementation of the Peace Accord and the Comprehensive System for Peace (SIP) 
were added to the program. This was possible due to a thematic connection with the objective of the 
VL (the comprehensive reparations for the victims of the conflict) and the fact that the Peace Accord 
had a chapter on victims and the other chapters are related to marginalized population groups to which 
many victims belong (ethnic minorities, women, LGBTQI+). As stated in the evaluation statement of 
work, the rationale for the extension was to take advantage of the unique window of opportunity for 
peacebuilding in a post-conflict Colombia, where victims will continue to play an essential role. 
F.7.2. Within the framework of the Peace Accord, the SIP was designed as an exceptional transitional 
justice scheme, with a temporary duration and a macro approach, which seeks to respond to victims’ 
rights to justice, truth, reparation, and non-repetition as a means to generate national reconciliation. As 
stated in the Peace Accord text, “the success of the System depends on the widest acceptance in society. The 
system’s integrity contributes to laying the foundations for the recovery of trust, coexistence in a peace-building 
scenario, and true reconciliation among all Colombians.” 
F.7.3. The objectives related to implementing the Peace Accords were added to VISP when the 
program was already ongoing, thus producing results following an established conceptual and operational 
logic. New projects and work areas were introduced to the ongoing program. 
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As Exhibit 31 reflects, while VISP’s first phase focused on activities including differential approaches, 
historical memory, and decentralization, in the second phase, access to truth and humanitarian search 
activities gained relevance:
Exhibit 31. Number of VISP projects by analytical dimension and phase. 
SOURCE: VISP
With regard to the distribution of VISP’s resources, during the program’s first phase, the highest 
proportion of resources was targeted at tasks related to the victim’s registry and information systems. 
By contrast, the second phase applied the greatest proportion of resources to projects facilitating access 
to truth.
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Exhibit 32. VISP’s Budget proportion invested by analytical dimension and VISP phase. 
SOURCE: VISP
Comparing program operations between the two phases, we found that more projects and resources 
were executed during VISP’s first phase.
Exhibit 33. VISP’s Budget invested by VISP phase. 
SOURCE: VISP
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F.7.4. VISP met targets for indicators measuring results in strengthening the implementation of the 
Peace Accord with regard to topics related to victims. For example, according to the AMELP, VISP’s 53 
actions complementing the GOC’s actions towards the implementation of the Peace Accord were 
achieved, and the number of victims participating in spaces established by the SIP reached 5,900.
F.7.5. VISP supported actions for increasing access to the truth at the local level. Specifically, support 
was provided to collect testimonials, carry out collective testimonial events, and local truth houses.64
The data shows that the number of truth houses increased from 5 in 2018 to 17 in 2020. Of the 29 
truth houses, seven are located in VISP-supported municipalities. Furthermore, some of VISP’s actions 
reached truth houses in non-targeted municipalities. Regarding the number of CEV testimonial events, 
we find a greater coverage per 1,000 victims in non-VISP departments. 
Exhibit 34. Number of Truth Commission testimonial events per 1000 victims. VISP and Non-VISP Departments, 2019 -2021.
SOURCE: CEV
F.7.6. VISP adapted to support the implementation of the Peace Accord in the territories by modifying 
its geographic targeting to incorporate PDET municipalities, especially in those where there were 
Territorial Spaces for Training and Reincorporation (ETCRs).65 This was important to advance the 
implementation of the VL in coordination with PDET projects. As highlighted by the VU:
“(...) I believe there is a significant issue: how the transitional institutional framework has been coordinated 
around the PDETs and the IOM program. This has helped us not only methodologically but also 
operationally. For example, last year’s project where we implemented measures of the PDETs, including 
collective reparation and return plans.” (National VU)
F.7.7. VISP supported the Search Unit for Disappeared Persons (UBPD) and the CEV in designing and 
implementing actions to improve their organizational culture, among which emotional care practices for 
national officials and territorial teams stand out. As one interviewee said:
“We were also involved in the entire construction of a care tools booklet for the equipment, which coincided 
with the pandemic, so, well, we are still there, as in that distribution, but it was much easier than it was 
64 Truth Houses are political and social spaces that are part of the Truth Commission’s territorial deployment strategy. Any 
citizen can access these to learn about the work of the Commission, provide testimony that contribute to the clarification and 
construction of the commission’s final report and receive information related to the SIP.
65 In this sense, a VISP report mentioned that the program has continued to support GoC entities given their need to carry out 
adjustments to existing policies like the VL, structuring new entities like the Special Unit to Search for Disappeared Persons, 
and novel development programs like the PDETs. VISP Report, Year 6 / 2017.
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virtual, and that helped in times of that of the pandemic (…) That is, therefore, a fairly good indicator when 
you start by positioning the issue of care within the teams.” (CEV)
CHALLENGES
F.7.8. Key informants provided limited clarity with respect to VISP’s support to the SIP, the 
coordination between the SIP institutions, and the coordination between the SIP and the SNARIV. As 
recognized by various actors interviewed: 
“I think there is still a challenge, and it is how to coordinate the implementation of the VL with the Peace 
Accord. There is a gap on two issues: on the one hand with the SIP, and specifically with the JEP, around 
reparation measures proposed by the victimizers to the victims; and on the other hand, with the Final 
Agreement’s victims accord, as to collective reparation with a territorial approach. These are points that 
establish a bridge between the VL and the Final Agreement.” (IOM National)
Regarding the support provided by VISP to the SIP institutions, as shown in the following exhibit, in 
general, key informants mentioned more strengths regarding the advances of the CEV and more 
challenges related to the JEP and the Search Unit for Disappeared Persons. They also evidence a greater 
influence of external factors on implementing PDETs.
Exhibit 35. Identification of strengths and challenges regarding the support to the SIP. 
SOURCE: MEL ACTIVITY
F.7.9. Local actors (local governments, victims, and victim’s organizations) have a restricted 
understanding of the SIP and, therefore, how the Program has supported the implementation of such a 
system at the local level. This is explained, in part, because the actions carried out by the SIP have 
greater recognition and impact at the national level than at the territorial level.66 
66 In accordance with a VISP Report, the program’s operations were affected by doubts among authorities, the general 
population, and ex-combatants in transitional zone municipalities about advances in the concentration, disarmament, and 
reintegration process. See VISP Report, Year 6 / 2017.
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“Through the institutional scheme created with the Peace Accords, victims’ needs were alleviated emotionally 
and materially. Yet there was also a huge challenge: for the victims to know what each one was for.” (Local 
IOM) 
“The support granted by the institutions from the SIP has been very little. Maybe in other places, but not 
here.” (Local Entrelazando Program)
F.7.10. Within the framework of the Peace Accord, and while VISP facilitated the participation of 
victims in developing the PDETs and through CEV testimonials, the effectiveness of participation 
mechanisms within the Peace Accord was affected by external factors.
Data from the VL survey reflects improved participation outcomes in VISP-supported municipalities. For 
instance, in 2021, the self-reported access to CEV initiatives was higher (3.6 percent) compared to non￾supported municipalities (2.7 percent). Regarding participation in the development of PDETs, an 
interviewee mentioned:
“(…) here in the PDET, the participation was extensive; not only did the leaders of the community action 
board participate, but suddenly other hidden leaders also came out, and today they are in the main groups. 
So, the training worked; we were offered to be part of the leading groups, which are also made up of groups 
of victims, women, young people, and ethnic groups. This was achieved with the IOM.” (Local 
Government)
Regarding victims’ participation in the Congress’ peace seats, interviewees report effective participation 
was limited due to the ongoing insecurity in the territories and due to challenges in the government’s 
involvement in the process:
“The National Government did not comply with the peace seats since the allocation of resources for the 
leaders to visit the territories was not done on time. I think it was essential that the National Government 
and the Registrar’s Office had deposited the resources to the representatives who were going to participate.” 
(Victims’ participation roundtable)
F.7.11. Several of the processes and projects related to VISP’s support for the implementation of the 
Peace Accord could not evolve to their full potential due to a lack of time or human resources, 
especially in the case of the JEP, for which VISP’s support could only begin in the last year of the 
program67. 
“In the case of JEP, there is a constant need to count on strong and numerous teams, people who can help 
with analyzing and systematizing data, contrasting voluntary versions, constructing restorative sanction 
proposals, and so on. These needs are still very latent since public resources are insufficient to cover them. 
JEP manages around 1,000 employees, but they still need more people.” (National IOM)
67 When USAID guidelines allowed for it.
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F.7.12. VISP progressively carried out actions to guarantee the defense of human rights in the territory 
and achieved relevant outcomes from the perspective of self-protection and prevention measures. 68
“I believe that we must continue working, seeking institutional strengthening as to the support and guarantee 
of the rights of the victims. For example, the local authorities say: “I do not have the resources to protect a 
victim by taking her out of the zone,” when threats to social leaders and human rights defenders have been 
produced. The risk is not only for her but for her family, so sometimes although we manage to get the 
resources to do it, the family keeps being exposed.” (Local Ombudsman’s Office)
“IOM has trained social organizations and leaders to improve participation with protection measures 
because leaders are being threatened. So, they coordinate with the authorities to deal with these issues.” 
(Victims’ participation roundtables)
CONCLUSIONS
C.7.1. VISP was designed to support the institutional response by providing victims with comprehensive 
assistance and reparations. Although there is a link between this and the content and scope of the 
Colombian transitional justice project, the implementation of the Peace Accord is based on achieving 
structural transformations to working through an exceptional and temporary institutional arrangement 
(JEP, CEV, UBPD). This requires a dynamic and concrete support scheme outside of the VL (F.7.1, F.7.2, 
F.7.3).
C.7.2. The emotional care support that VISP promoted within the SIP agencies helped to highlight 
agencies’ positive impact on the results and performance of officials within the respective organizations 
(F.7.7).
C.7.3 The territorial reconfiguration of VISP in the PDET municipalities was relevant because the 
actions to provide victims comprehensive assistance and reparations facilitate the subsequent 
development of the components of the Peace Accord (F.7.6).
C.7.4 VISP’s support for implementing the Peace Accords focused on a series of specific institutional 
strengthening actions that were fulfilled. However, complex social issues typical of long-term processes 
and requiring a macro-level approach, such as the promotion of coexistence and social dialogue, in some 
cases lacked time to be completely and effectively implemented (F.7.10). 
C.7.5 At the local level, actors have limited clarity regarding the scope of the support provided by the 
program to the implementation of the Peace Accord, as well with regard to how actors involved in the 
Colombian transitional justice system interact and coordinate (F.7.9).
C.7.6. While the program supported victims’ participation in the SIP, the achieved scope of this 
participation in the system was not always sufficient in meeting victims’ expectations in this regard 
(F.7.10, F.7.11).
68 According to IOM data, while there was no investment to support human rights defenders during the first phase, during the 
program’s second phase, 4.9 percent of VISP resources were invested in 12 related projects.
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RECOMMENDATIONS 
R.7.1. Develop a strategy to continue integrating victims’ comprehensive services and reparation 
processes (associated with the VL) in a harmonious and complementary way, with justice, truth, 
humanitarian search, and rural development (typical of the Peace Accord), contributing to the 
generation of conditions of peace and coexistence towards national reconciliation (C.7.1, C.7.2).
R.7.2. Develop strategic communication strategies so that the institutional and non-institutional actors 
with whom USAID works, especially in the territories, gain comprehensive knowledge of the content 
and the scope of the Agency’s support to the institutional response to victims’ rights (C.7.3).
R.7.3. With regard to future support, to the extent that the effectiveness of the transitional institutional 
support has great potential in PDET municipalities, maintain focus on comprehensive assistance and 
reparation actions in these areas (C.7.4).
R.7.4. With regard to future support, consider the specifics of the Peace Accord regarding the 
temporary and exceptional nature of its institutions and mechanisms (C.7.5).
R.7.5. Support the GoC in developing and strengthening participation mechanisms so that victims can 
influence the design, revision, implementation, and evaluation of activities that strengthen the Colombian 
transitional justice system (C.7.6).
R.7.6 Support the GoC in the design and implementation of emotional care actions that various SIP and 
other GoC agencies have begun to implement through their national and territorial teams, recognizing 
the direct impact that these have on the performance of officials and the quality of care for victims 
(C.7.7).
CHALLENGES AND ENGAGEMENT OF STAKEHOLDERS
Question 8. What were the main challenges, opportunities, and contributions of stakeholder 
engagement to achieve VISP results? What are the recommended improvements to future 
programming?
FINDINGS 
WORKING WITH GOC INSTITUTIONS
F.8.1 VISP was committed to the systematic coordination of the work and particular needs of the GoC 
at the national and local levels. During its implementation, the program made an effort to define its 
support consistently and strengthen actions according to the GoC’s processes and needs to maximize 
ownership of results as well as sustainability. This required constant dialogue with the government 
entities, enabling VISP to understand their specific functions, objectives, internal dynamics, and timing so 
that the project could provide valuable support.
“It is important to know the objectives of each program or institution to know their work plans or actions for 
each year. This is essential because, in many lines of the institutional strengthening program, it is also 
possible to contribute to those lines of work of each institution. For example, we know that some institutions 
are diligent and have annual work plans. Some even sit with us and share with us those lines of work. This is 
how one looks for the strengthening project to contribute to their lines of work.” (Local IOM)
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Although VISP’s flexibility and response to the GoC’s priorities is one of the program’s strengths, some 
interviewees pointed out that this also implies some challenges as the program’s agenda was strongly 
defined by institutional demand and was constrained by government decisions. As such, these determine 
the extent to which development agencies can intervene in strategic actions or define strategic areas of 
work.69
“There is an issue of roles here, of being cooperative, but sometimes I also feel that there is a lot of 
complaisance with the entities. So sometimes, it is frustrating. It is not just a money issue; you are putting 
your head, heart, and everything you have into it to generate processes with some institutions, and then 
sometimes the institution does not respond in the same way […]. So, I understand the role we have, but 
sometimes there is that feeling of impotence, of wanting to be a little more honest from a technical point of 
view, like: ‘I don’t agree, I don’t think so, you are making us waste money and time.’” (IOM National)
F.8.2 VISP’s coordination with the Public Ministry was significant in advancing victims’ participation
mechanisms and carrying out follow-up to the VL. At the national and local levels, working with the 
national and regional Ombudsman Offices and the municipal Ombudsperson, contributed to building 
better tools for monitoring the implementation of the VL. 
“I believe that everything starts from there: recognizing that the Public Ministry plays an important role in 
public policy, not only at the territorial level but also at the national level, and that, as an important actor, we 
can take it into account, not only in the construction of the diagnosis but also in the construction of the lines 
and strategies that we are going to implement in each local government.” (IOM National)
F.8.3 The program found an important ally in the VU in regard to strengthening public policy related to 
victims. This agency coordinates the national public services for victims and its territorial deployment by 
working with local governments and victims’ representatives across different regions. 
“Yes, the VU is essential. As coordinator of the system, I think it was our natural partner all along because 
the main task of materializing the policy in the territories is anchored there.” (Local IOM)
WORKING WITH NON-INSTITUTIONAL ACTORS
F.8.4 VISP positioned itself as a key ally for the victim population. Although the program emphasized 
working with the GoC, all non-institutional actors report that IOM became a key ally for their 
organizational and leadership processes. In particular, VISP was impactful by empowering and working 
collaboratively with victims’ participation roundtables, supporting them to acquire social dialogue, 
conflict resolution, project formulation, and public policy knowledge and abilities to strengthen their 
political incidence, as well as their impact on communities. This was a general appreciation of the victims 
interviewed:
“In the psychosocial aspect, it (VISP) helped us overcome many barriers that we, due to the conditions of 
victims or the effects of the conflict, were incapable of influencing. They gave us some tools; they gave us 
strategies. With those tools and strategies, we were able to develop our advocacy as leaders, intervening in 
transitional justice committees, intervening at the departmental or regional levels (…) that also helped us 
69 Two examples include potentially having carried out more work regarding economic compensations or having continued to 
work strongly to support historical memory. 
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grow as individuals.” (Municipal Victims’ Roundtable) 
However, interviewees noted that, in the future, USAID programs working to strengthen the victims’ 
public policy should emphasize working directly with the victim population, going beyond victims’ 
participation roundtables, and reaching victims’ organizations systematically.
“I think that something that could work a little more, and not because it hasn’t happened in the program, 
[…] it is to continue the work of strengthening organizations as well […] working with organizations and 
communities. Because I feel that if you strengthen an institution but do not strengthen its beneficiary, you are 
not generating such a great impact. Because for something to work, you need both the interlocutor and the 
beneficiary to be strengthened, so they are talking about the same thing in the same terms.” (IOM 
National)
F.8.5 VISP established strategic alliances with other USAID programs and development agencies to 
strengthen the program’s interventions. This proved helpful for extending the scope of the program’s 
interventions by linking actions while preventing the duplication of efforts. In addition, this contributed 
to resource optimization and maintained good relationships with key actors. 
“We call that team the Local Cooperation Team. The fundamental thing about these meetings is to know 
who […] does what and where. It is fundamental, and this work is also done with the institutions because 
the work we do is with the institutions, hand in hand with them. So, through this space, we make ourselves 
known: who we are, what we do, and who we do it with, right? So, this, in the first place, not to duplicate 
actions.” (Local IOM)
F.8.6 Though interviews included limited mention of the role of private sector actors in the program, 
some respondents recognized that private actors were important in implementing specific actions. For 
instance, interviewees with local hospitals pointed out that EPS is relevant for the sustainability of the 
physical rehabilitation services strengthened by VISP, such as establishing contracts that enable hospitals 
to receive income to maintain the services. Interviewees also consider that income generation programs 
are relevant for linking rural producer organizations and private actors to commercialize products and 
generate employment. 
“For example, in Cauca, with a municipality that has some very interesting agricultural projects […] we 
made that diagnosis, and within the search, in the mapping of actors that we carry out, we found that (the 
commercial opportunity) exists on the part of the private sector. That happened to us in Valle del Cauca with 
the Hass avocado and hot pepper. So, there was a multinational company that imported avocados into 
Mexico. […] So, the short answer would be, all the actors contribute to the socioeconomic development of 
the area.” (National IOM)
F.8.7 Academic actors played an important role in advancing program activities. Specifically, regional 
universities and research institutions were relevant for developing interventions, including developing 
strategies and protocols for strengthening institutional capacity to implement the victims’ public policy. 
They also played an essential role in researching topics around psychosocial rehabilitation, historical 
memory, and truth-seeking to contribute to the SIP’s work:
“This institute (ICP) has been an expert in research topics for many years. For example, we worked with 
them on investigating the recruitment and use of girls and boys in the armed conflict by the FARC. It was 
work carried out over ten months last year that allowed 1,050 interviews to be conducted throughout the 
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country with victims of forced recruitment as minors.” (IOM National)
COORDINATING ACTORS
F.8.8 In addition to the individual communication channels between actors, VISP created multi-actor 
communication opportunities at the national and local levels. Public agencies, civil society organizations, 
victims’ representatives, and academic institutions conducted social dialogue and decision-making. In 
addition, these opportunities allowed joint efforts around strategic topics on the victims’ public policy 
agenda, including human rights defense, humanitarian response, and psychosocial rehabilitation measures: 
“A committee was formed to monitor the implementation of PAPSIVI permanently. Who attended that 
committee? The public health manager attended his delegate, the director of human rights of the 
departmental government, the University of San Buenaventura, and IOM. Those were the four partners, and 
we were eventually accompanied by someone from the MoH.” (Local IOM)
F.8.9 Through VISP’s implementation, IOM and USAID established trusting relationships with both 
public institutions and the victim population. Interviewees made it clear that the program positioned 
itself as an indispensable partner in the territories, gaining the trust of different actors and acting as a 
bridge of communication between them. In this sense, IOM became an intermediary third party capable 
of articulating work between different sectors. 
IOM and USAID are considered objective agencies with a team characterized by high technical skills, 
high ethical values, responsibility, and a deep commitment to communities affected by the armed 
conflict.
“And the other thing that IOM achieved is trust. The agency enters the territory, and there is no risk; it is 
received with suspicion, neither by the indigenous communities nor other actors. That means that they do a 
good job and are people who had no difficulties with anyone and who knew how to enter the territory.” 
(Municipal Ombudsperson Office)
CONCLUSIONS
C.8.1 VISP’s engagement with national and local entities resulted in successful coordination and an 
understanding of each agency’s work. VISP took advantage of strengthening opportunities while 
respecting the limits of its role as an international development partner. It is important to note that the 
program’s work was, to a certain extent, limited by the need to restrict program actions to the agenda 
of each GoC agency and its commitment to advancing various lines of work (F.8.1, F.8.2, F.8.3).
C.8.2 VISP’s implementation required strategic alliances with non-institutional actors, such as academia, 
the private sector, other USAID programs, development agencies, and the victim population. These 
relationships allowed the program’s interventions to have a greater reach through protocols and 
strategies co-built between various stakeholders (F.8.4, F.8.5, F.8.6, F.8.7).
C.8.3 IOM and USAID are considered the most important development agencies for implementing 
public policy for victims at the national and local levels. Consequently, VISP was received by different 
stakeholders as a program capable of generating significant impacts. This is due to both agencies’ success 
in building trust with the various partners and demonstrating the technical and human capacity to 
develop responsible and high-quality processes (F.8.8, F.8.9).
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RECOMMENDATIONS 
R.8.1 In future programs, strengthen efforts to transfer and install long-term strategic capacity in critical 
national and local institutions beyond support for the resolution of the temporary needs of these 
partners (C.8.1). 
R.8.2 Continue supporting the Public Ministry to guarantee adequate institutional functions at the 
national, departmental, and municipal levels for the purposes of the effective participation by, 
reparations for, and protection of victims (C.8.1). 
R.8.3 Continue strengthening the VU’s capacity to coordinate and advance actions for the 
comprehensive reparations for victims, taking into account the renewal of the VL until 2031(C.8.1).70
R.8.4 Support victims’ organizations in the territories as a line of programmatic work with equal 
importance to institutional strengthening (C.8.2).
R.8.5 Support the GoC in formulating clear guidelines on the role of the private sector in the 
comprehensive reparations for victims and the construction of peace within the framework of the Peace 
Accord (C.8.2).
R.8.6 Support the GoC in the design and implementation of a formal strategy for coordination between 
different development agencies supporting the implementation of the VL and the Peace Accord, while 
including promoting the participation of local governments, victims’ roundtables, and other relevant civil 
society actors at both the national and local levels (C.8.2). 
R.8.7 Continue involving universities and research centers in the development of projects, as well as in 
exercises for monitoring, follow-up, and evaluation of processes at the local, departmental, and national 
levels, to strengthen capacities in these institutions on issues related to the comprehensive services and 
reparation for victims and in the implementation of the Peace Accord (C.8.2).
70 In 2020, after a proposed bill in Congress, the extension of the VL’s time frame was approved, recognizing the relevance of 
continuing to advance actions for the comprehensive reparation of victims, and considering the challenges remaining. The VL’s 
period was extended to 2031.
87 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
REFERENCES
Agudelo, J., Velez, A & Daza, C (2021). Impact evaluation tailored to the collective rehabilitation of the 
Victims Unit. International organization for migrations. (Unpublished document).
Bonilla-Escobar, F., Osorio-Cuellar, G., Pacichana-Quinayáz, S., Sánchez-Rentería, G., Fandiño-Losada, 
A & Gutiérrez, M (2017) Do not forget culture when implementing mental health interventions for 
violence survivors. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 22(9):3053-3059, 2017. DOI: 10.1590/1413-
81232017229.12982016. 
Cepeda, A., Giraldo, A., Gómez, D., Matamoros, M., Perea, S. Rozo, P & Sánchez, O. (2020). Evaluation 
Comprehensive psychosocial and health care program for victims of the armed conflict -PAPSIVI. Final 
report. Advisory Office for Planning and Sectoral Studies & Office for Social Promotion. Ministry of 
Health and Social Protection with the support of the International Organization for Migration.
Follow-up and Monitoring Commission for the Implementation of Law 1448 of 2011 (2021). Eighth 
follow-up report to the Congress of the Republic of Colombia. Available at: 
https://www.procuraduria.gov.co/portal/media/file/COMPILADO%20OCTAVO%20INFORME%20CSML
V%20(2)%20conAMMG.pdf. 
Jaramillo, C (2019). Standards for psychosocial actions in the public policy of care, assistance, and 
comprehensive reparation for victims. IOM-DNP Consulting. Bogotá. (Unpublished document)
National Planning Department, Colombia (2012). Guide for the incorporation of the ethnic variable and 
the differential approach in the formulation and implementation of plans and policies at the national and 
territorial levels. Bogotá. Retrieved from http://www.juntosconstruyendofuturo. 
org/uploads/2/6/5/9/26595550/guia_relacionada_con_ approach_differential.pdf
Osorio-Cuellar, G., Pacichana-Quinayáz., Bonilla-Escobar, F., Fandiño-Losada, A & Gutiérrez-Martinez, M 
(2017). Perceptions about implementation of a Narrative Community based Group Therapy for Afro￾Colombians victims of Violence. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 22(9):3045-3052 
Rosario University (2021). Executive report of baseline results of the rehabilitation situation of 11 
category 5 and 6 municipalities belonging to five Colombian departments. Document prepared within 
the framework of USAID-VISP, in partnership with the MOH, CES University, Mariana 
University and Sinú University (Unpublished). 
Urrego, J., Quiñonez, M & Herrera, D (2020). Final Assessment of the ACOPLE Project, 2010-2020. 
Buenaventura and Quibdó, Colombia. Heart Alliance International. 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 88
ANNEX A – RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT- TERM OR MEDIUM- TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
R.1.1 Coordinate actions to continue 
strengthening VIVANTO, in terms of 
standardization and integration of new 
sources of information with national 
initiatives for interoperability and 
integration of administrative records of 
social programs, allowing for a more 
comprehensive knowledge of the 
different programs accessed by the 
victim population, improving precision 
in the measurement of progress in the 
implementation of the VL. (C.1.1)
The design of initiatives for the integration and standardization of information consigned in 
VIVANTO must be based on the guidelines of DANE and the National Civil Registry in order to 
guarantee the non-duplicity of information, the adequate identification of the people subjects of 
attention by SNARIV entities and other social programs aimed at vulnerable population, and to 
facilitate the integration of these records into the social registry, improving the efficiency and 
allocation of social spending. To this end, it would be useful to identify national and territorial 
efforts that are already underway, in terms of integration and interoperability of administrative 
records to generate synergies, based on the principle of building on what has been built, in such 
a way that the initiatives planned by the VU, in terms of improvement of the VIVANTO tool, 
are adequately integrated with the other efforts made by the national government and the 
territorial governments. References to be taken into account for the interoperability and 
integration of information systems include the exercise currently led by DNP with the 
development of the Social registry of households and the Rural registry (Mi registro Rural) of 
the MOA. In this exercise, it would be useful to use innovations of the SISBEN IV, which is the
axis of the social registry. These include the georeferencing of the households of the surveyed 
population to target efforts aimed at improving assistance and care for the victim population, 
and to strengthen the information recorded in the SNARIV Information Systems.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.1.2 Support the improvement of the 
use of the information collected in 
Information Systems such as VIVANTO 
for public policy decision-making, 
through the implementation of cutting￾edge data analysis methodologies to 
gain efficiency in the processes (e.g. 
Validation of the information provided 
through the declaration, the generation 
of preventive alerts based on events 
that increase the risk of victimization in 
the different territories and the 
automation of measurements of 
monitoring and follow-up indicators of 
the VL). (C.1.1)
In line with recent efforts by national and local governments, as well as taking into consideration 
advances carried out by other type of actors in the development of data analytics centers, 
initiate the design, planning and budgeting of activities that lead to the generation of capacities 
and the investment in the required infrastructure to exploit large volumes of information of 
administrative records. This requires the design of prescriptive and prospective models 
contributing to better public policy decision-making. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
89 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
R 1.3 Continue supporting the VU and 
the MOH to advance in the qualification 
of technical and operational guidelines 
for psychosocial rehabilitation 
strategies, especially in their differential 
ethnic and rural components (C.1.2)
Through consultancies with experts, support the construction and validation of the differential 
modules of EREG, Entrelazando and PAPSIVI, as well as their adaptation for ethnic groups and 
victim population living in rural and dispersed rural areas. This support may include the study of 
mechanisms to optimize the use of resources, given the higher per capita costs of these care 
modalities. Likewise, support could be provided to analyze the effects of the virtualization of 
strategies and identify useful lessons for mixed care modalities (face-to-face-virtual) for specific 
care contexts, taking as a reference the experience in the framework of the COVID-19 
pandemic. In PAPSIVI in particular, it is key to support the publication of the Resolution 
(regulatory framework) that accounts for its specific incorporation into the SGSSS and to 
strengthen the comprehensive health care component, for the appropriation of psychosocial 
approach competencies by all actors of the SGSSS (In Spanish: General System of Social Security 
in Health). 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.4 Support the implementation of 
systematic strategies for the inclusion 
of the psychosocial approach, the rights 
approach and action without harm in 
each of the VL’s reparation measures, 
as well as in the demining processes. 
(C.1.2)
Facilitate the construction of a specific framework of psychosocial approach and support within 
the processes of assistance, care and reparation measures that responds to the emotional needs 
of the victim population in each context, that operates constantly and facilitates access to the 
rehabilitation measure.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.5 Support the monitoring of the 
process of institutionalizing the 
emotional care actions of people, 
leaders, and organizations that guide 
and care for victims, and integrate the 
development of personal and 
institutional security protocols as key 
elements of care in future programs. 
(C.1.2)
For this, it is necessary to identify the state of institutional appropriation of the emotional care 
processes and to support knowledge management around these practices to qualify their 
operation. It is necessary that care strategies incorporate safety protocols for people and victim 
care teams in contexts where the conflict is still active, articulating with local actors such as the 
Ombudsman’s Office and its Early Warning System, as well as with the health system within the 
framework of the Medical Mission.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.6 Support the GoC in the 
development of formal education 
and/or professionalization frameworks 
that allow the recognition of skills 
developed by community agent roles of 
the different existing rehabilitation 
strategies (EREG, Entrelazando, and 
PAPSIVI), recognizing their management 
To this end, we recommend facilitating the articulation between the institutional framework and 
the academy (Universities/SENA) so that the training processes of community agents of 
rehabilitation strategies are academically recognized as part of other trainings (for example, as 
health promoter, public health technician, psychologist, social worker), identifying strategies that 
motivate and facilitate the professionalization of victims as leaders of care actions in their 
communities. Note than when speaking of professionalization processes, we refer to systematic 
processes of recognition of knowledge/skills developed in the extensive training processes of 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 90
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
role, support for care, and community 
replication. (C.1.3)
EREG, Entrelazando, and PAPSIVI by entities endorsed by the MoE, job training -Law 1064/ 
2006-, promotion of access to technical or professional education in related areas.
R.1.7 Support the GoC in the 
development of a strategy that analyses 
the feasibility and mechanisms to 
remunerate the work carried out by 
community agent roles within the 
existing psychosocial rehabilitation 
programs (EREG, Entrelazando, and 
PAPSIVI). (C.1.3)
Specifically, it is relevant to support the processes of delimitation of functions and estimation of 
the workload of the community agents of each of the psychosocial strategies and to identify 
mechanisms that allow their formal linkage to the care processes (such as promoters or paid 
community liaisons). For this process, lessons could be taken from the experience of 
implementing the CAM with ACOPLE and from training processes for rural health promoters 
carried out by some local governments, as well as strategies of the Pan American Health 
Organization. We suggest these items being included in the budget estimate for each 
psychosocial strategy, as they are an integral part of the implementation methodologies.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both 
R.1.8 Support strategies of knowledge 
management around the results of the 
actions carried out by community agent 
roles of the existing rehabilitation 
strategies (EREG, Entrelazando, and 
PAPSIVI) as an input for the 
qualification of their training and for the 
creation of community articulation and 
sustainability actions for rehabilitation 
strategies. (C.1.3)
In future programs, include knowledge management strategies around the actions carried out by 
community agents who are part of the rehabilitation strategies (i.e., ‘Tejedores’ and ‘Impulse 
Committees’ -in Entrelazando and Psychosalal Promoters -in PAPSIVI). For this, a fist action to 
be taken can be the systematization of lessons learned of including victims in community agent 
roles in the existing psychosocial rehabilitation strategies. Based on this systematization, and 
taking into account international best practices as well, a second action to take could be to 
support the GoC in the implementation of actions to provide: i) continuous training to these 
agents; ii) technical supervision; iii) capacity building in ICT management; iv) skills for being part 
of interdisciplinary teams; iv) emotional care; and v) evaluation of the impact of community 
agent roles. These actions must include a differential ethnic perspective and differential local 
contextual conditions. For this process, lessons could be taken from i) this evaluation; ii) the 
implementation experience of ACOPLE; ii) the hiring processes for rural health promoters 
carried out by some local governments or by strategies of the Pan American Health 
Organization; and iii) experiences of community-based organizations that carry out health 
promotion. This recommendation is, however, subject to financial decisions made by the 
Colombian public health system regarding the operation of rehabilitation strategies and the role 
of community agents.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.9 Accompany the MOH in the 
expansion of the application of the 
physical-functional rehabilitation model 
in low complexity, in its articulation 
with other processes of attention to 
the victim population, and in the 
dialogue with the various actors of the 
SGSSS for its transversal and sustainable 
appropriation. (C.1.4)
Give special emphasis on the adaptation and dissemination of the normative and regulatory 
framework related to functional-physical rehabilitation in Colombia. In this process, it is key to 
integrate the National Health Superintendency and related civil organizations. It would be useful 
for USAID, together with the MOH, to develop an operational framework document that 
guides the replication of the experience of implementing physical-functional rehabilitation 
services in new IPS of low and medium complexity, including: i) good technical assistance 
practices in local and national scales; ii) specific guidelines for the authorization of services; iii) 
procedures for costing and estimating the profitability of services; iv) guidelines for the billing 
process; v) training guidelines on functional rehabilitation and disability; vi) emotional care of 
human talent; vii) marketing of physical-functional rehabilitation services; viii) use of information 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
91 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
systems; and ix) dialogue with EPS and local governments for the installation and sustainability of 
services.
Likewise, it is necessary to generate a follow-up and institutional strengthening strategy for the 
appropriation of functional-physical rehabilitation guidelines that includes accompaniment to the 
MOH to strengthen the Secretaries of Health in relation to the processes of enabling providers 
in REPS ( In Spanish: Special Registry of Health Service Providers), the authorization visits to the 
IPS interested in providing rehabilitation services, and the inclusion of rehabilitation services in 
the ‘Network’ documents (In Spanish: Documentos de red) for the provision of services in each 
department. 
In addition, it is necessary to continue positioning the functional-physical rehabilitation as part of 
the reparation to victims. To this end, it is recommended that in future programs the 
articulation of these services with local institutions is strengthened, facilitating the relationship 
between the IPS and EPS and the victims’ liaisons, the disability committees, the rehabilitation 
measure committees, and the Directorate for Comprehensive Action against Antipersonnel 
Mines.
R.1.10 Follow up on the findings of the 
disability certification pilot processes 
and their impact on the differential 
reparation of victims with disabilities 
and victims of antipersonnel mines. 
(C.1.4)
Based on the findings of the disability certification pilot processes, support the MOH to Design 
technical assistance processes to continue qualifying the disability certification process. This 
assistance may include the dissemination of specific learnings from the pilots (in terms of 
administrative and technical actions) with the departmental Health Secretariats and with the IPS 
that currently provide functional rehabilitation services with a biopsychosocial approach, and 
those that are beginning this process. Also, we recommend accompanying the MOH and the VU 
in the joint creation of a specific monitoring framework for victims with disabilities, to promote 
their access to the disability certification, physical-functional rehabilitation, and promote their 
rights to assistance, care, and differential reparation, as well as their access to specific social and 
educational services.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.11 Support the GoC in the future 
development of mechanisms to 
measure the quality, effectiveness and 
impact of the implementation of 
psychosocial rehabilitation strategies. 
(C.1.5)
We suggest supporting the MOH and the VU, possibly working jointly with DNP, in the 
creation of a robust monitoring and knowledge management system around the implementation 
of the rehabilitation measure, in terms of quality, effectiveness and impact. In this process, it 
would be key to favor alliances with universities or research institutes in health and armed 
conflict (in this regard, lessons can be learned from the ACOPLE model). For the measurement 
of quality, we suggest creating quantitative-qualitative instruments that can be applied in a 
representative manner to both victims and community care professionals-agents, allowing the 
analysis of compliance with care protocols, as well as of their strengths and limitations. For the 
measurement of effectiveness, we suggest accompanying the VU and the MOH in the unification 
of the understanding of the achievement of psychosocial rehabilitation, advancing from there in 
the creation and massive application of measurement instruments (input and output) in 
psychosocial rehabilitation strategies, which allow identifying the adequacy of care for emotional 
recovery, and carrying out qualification processes. Finally, for the measurement of the impact of 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 92
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
the strategies, we suggest creating measurement instruments that allow observing: i) The effect 
of the implementation of the strategies in terms of empowerment and reconstruction of the 
social fabric; ii) the challenges for its consolidation and maintenance; and iii) The continuity of 
the care training processes (PAPSIVI promoters, Promotion Committees, Weavers and EREG 
groups). All measurements should be applied by professionals other than those who carry out 
psychosocial care, to mitigate biases. Furthermore, measurements should be integrated to the 
information systems of the psychosocial rehabilitation strategies for the management of their 
quality and for their use in decision-making. Finally, measurements should be assigned resources 
within the psychosocial rehabilitation strategies.
R.1.12 Support the MOH and key 
actors of the SGSSS in the development 
of a broad strategy for dissemination, 
training, implementation and monitoring 
of the Comprehensive Health Care 
Protocol with a psychosocial approach 
for the victim population, paying special 
attention to its integration with the 
strategies of psychosocial rehabilitation 
and characterization strategies for 
decision making in public health. (C.1.5)
For this, we recommended systematizing the learnings and limitations of the experience of 
supporting the implementation of the Protocol, and from there, accompanying the MOH in the 
design and implementation of a strategy that allows greater theoretical and operational 
appropriation by the various actors of the SGSSS (EPS, IPS, local governments and National 
Superintendence of Health). We suggest that this accompaniment includes the development of a 
specific normative and regulatory framework that is an input for surveillance and control 
actions. The strategy should consider: i) massive training processes in the differential and 
psychosocial approach in health care for professionals and technicians in the sector; ii) 
functionality of the daily access mechanisms to the RUV by all SGSSS actors; iii) the design of 
formal mechanisms for the referral and follow-up of cases from the care and psychosocial 
support strategies of the VL to the IPS; iv) the inclusion of the ‘victim’ variable in health 
population characterization strategies for public health decision-making; v) the integration of 
monitoring actions in the PAPSIVI application; vi) the specific monitoring of EPS against their 
appropriation; and v) the articulation of this protocol with the Comprehensive Health Care 
Routes -RIAS and the National Public Health Plan 2022-2031.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.13 Maintain the provision of 
support to the UV Reparations 
Directorate to strengthen the integral 
knowledge management of this 
program, with an emphasis on detecting 
persistent bottlenecks in its 
implementation. In the selected 
intervention regions, work closely and 
constantly with the teams of the VU 
territorial directorates in charge of 
carrying out the Collective Reparation, 
promoting the relevance of generating 
spaces for joint reflection on the 
progress of the processes, so that a 
learning community can be formed to 
Maintain support to the UV Reparations Directorate to strengthen the integral knowledge 
management of this program, with an emphasis on detecting persistent bottlenecks in its 
implementation. In the selected intervention regions, work closely and constantly with the 
teams of the VU territorial directorates in charge of carrying out the Collective Reparation, 
promoting the relevance of generating spaces for joint reflection on the progress of the 
processes, so that a learning community can be formed to contribute to improve and speed-up 
the process. This, promoting collaborative work and activating active listening spaces in order 
to identify the strengthening needs that they require, so that in turn communities can improve 
their dialogue with state agents with the aim of agreeing on the design and implementation of 
PIRCs. The continuous support from international cooperation has proven to be relevant for 
the advancing of PIRCs, given the changes that these have experienced, the length of their 
implementation, and the complexities of social dialogue. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
93 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
contribute to improve and speed-up 
the process. This, promoting 
collaborative work and activating active 
listening spaces to identify the 
strengthening needs that they require, 
so that in turn communities can 
improve their dialogue with state agents 
with the aim of agreeing on the design 
and implementation of PIRCs. 
R.1.14 Support the design and 
implementation of strategies to speed 
up the delivery of compensations 
(compensations) to victims and to 
systematically integrate these with 
other comprehensive reparation 
measures, especially those related to 
psychosocial rehabilitation and income 
generation within the framework of 
local development strategies. (C.1.8)
Actions to be considered include: i) Supporting the coordination between DNP, DPS, VU and 
other relevant entities of the SNARIV to speed up the victim compensation process; ii) 
Generating clear guidelines with the VU at the national level so that all compensation delivery 
processes to victims include a comprehensive and extended process of pedagogy, training and 
prior orientation for the beneficiary communities. These guidelines should include actions to 
incorporate the differential approach and work with the family nuclei of the compensated 
victims; iii) In the processes of education, training and orientation for victims who receive their 
compensation, multi-stakeholder discussions and actions related to income generation projects 
should be included; iv) Strengthen the articulation between the actions of the rehabilitation 
measure (individual and/or collective) with compensation and income generation measures with a community approach. This requires working with the VU and the MOH; v) Continue 
supporting the planning of service fairs at the local level, so that the delivery of compensation is 
accompanied by psychosocial care, training and support for income generation and referral to 
complementary offers from other sectors (education, housing, among others). 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.15 Renovate the support for the 
building of historical memory through 
work with Colombia’s Memory 
Museum, the CEV and local memory 
initiatives in order to collect, compile, 
disseminate and build new memory 
initiatives through publications, 
symbolic acts, art expositions and digital 
media. (C.1.9)
The strengthening of the historical memory of the armed conflict could include the following 
lines of action: a) Retake and reformulate the work with the National Center of Historical 
Memory, especially with the Museum of Memory of Colombia, in order to support its 
inauguration, accompany the territorialization of its actions and integrating the work already 
supported by VISP in terms of historic memory as an important input, both for its archive and 
for its exhibitions, events and other museological materials. The latter will require the 
consolidation of a virtual space, based on a diagnosis that contemplates consultation traffic, 
storage size and technical operation characteristics, where all the documents of memory 
initiatives that VISP has supported can be housed; b) Promote the articulation between the 
CEV, the Commission for the follow-up of the CEV recommendations, other entities of the SIP 
(UBPD and JEP) and the National Center of Historical Memory, emphasizing the work of the 
Colombian Memory Museum; c) Strengthen the integration and the carrying out of participatory 
exercises between the CNMH and the victim population across the country. d) Carry out more 
direct work with victims organizations and communities for the construction of historical 
memory through diverse narrative forms that can guarantee impact and sustainability in the 
territories (e.g.: art exhibition cycles, literary creation, traveling theater, documentaries, short 
Short-term (up to six 
months)
Both
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 94
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
films, feature films, podcasts, radio programs and other audiovisual products); e) Strengthen and 
accompany regional universities in local processes of construction of historical memory, 
promoting the consolidation of research centers that can provide sustainability to the 
construction of memory through rigorous and ethical methods; f) Disseminate and promote the 
appropriation of the aforementioned contents (products of the institutions, victim communities 
and universities) through transmedia and face-to-face strategies, in coordination with local 
media.
R.1.16 Continue strengthening 
grassroots organizations of victims and 
victim advocates to make the election 
of members of the victim participation 
roundtables more robust, qualified and 
transparent, and to strengthen 
participation mechanisms. (C.1.10)
Actions can be taken to: i) Formulate work strategies with victims’ organizations, in conjunction 
with the municipal Ombudsmen’s offices to improve participation knowledge and capacities 
both in participation spaces linked to the VL and in the Peace Agreement: ii) Continue with the 
training processes for the formulation and implementation of community projects, both in 
victims’ roundtables and in general, in victims or victim’s advocates organizations, so that they 
can self-manage resources to scale up and make their impact sustainable; iii) carry out a 
systematization of experiences and lessons learned from supporting victims’ participation 
through the municipal, departmental and national participation roundtables, as in input for 
future work by local governments, the national government in the territory and the Public 
Ministry. This booklet should include a chapter on lessons learned and recommendations on the 
role of the different key actors, including international cooperation actors. The systematization 
of experiences should be accompanied by a process of incorporation of lessons learned through 
didactic methodologies with local and national level institutions, so that the recommendations 
can be understood, operationalized and incorporated through concrete procedures within the 
strategic planning lines of the different agencies.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.17 Continue supporting the 
strengthening of local institutions to 
guarantee differentiated care for victims 
with disabilities and ethnic communities, 
within the framework of public policy 
for victims. (C.1.10)
The refinement of attention for persons with disabilities and ethnic communities should take 
into account: i) Supporting the adaptation of care centers for victims, Ombudsperson and 
mayors’ offices for persons with disabilities; ii) Promoting the hiring and/or training human 
resources aimed to assist persons with disabilities, especially persons with sensory disabilities; 
iii) Promoting the hiring and/or training human resources to assist ethnic communities in their 
native language, preferably of people who belong to these communities; iv) Training 
interdisciplinary mobile teams that provide attention and guidance about comprehensive 
reparation to ethnic communities in their own territory, maintaining the necessary dialogue and 
consultation processes.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.18 Support the carrying out of 
evaluations and analysis related to the 
implementation of the VL with respect 
to victims belonging to minority groups. 
(C.1.10)
These evaluation processes would benefit from using mixed research methods. The strategic 
differential actions to be evaluated could include: i) the implementation of the Ethnic Decrees 
4633, 4634 and 4635 of 2011; ii) the Collective Reparation Plans for ethnic communities; iii) the 
psychosocial rehabilitation strategy for women victims of sexual violence; iv) the psychosocial 
rehabilitation strategy for children and adolescents. The results of these evaluations should lead 
to the strengthening and improved implementation of differential strategies. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
95 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
R.1.19 Support the VU in the 
coordination and strengthening the 
different strategies and institutional 
actions for the comprehensive 
reparation of young victims and victims 
abroad. (C.1.10)
We recommend supporting the VU -as the coordinator of reparation actions- in increasing the 
visibility and in the consolidation of comprehensive reparation strategies for young people and 
victims abroad, so the different measures contemplated in the VL can be organized in a single 
route that integrates different offers of the different SNARIV’s institutions. This process can 
incorporate lessons already learned in the psychosocial strategy for women victims of sexual 
violence, supported by IOM, which made it possible to consolidate different reparation 
measures in the same work process. This route should also contemplate income generation as a 
key component in the comprehensive reparation of these various groups, responding to their 
specific needs and conditions. To this end, USAID could explore coordination actions with 
other programs working with youth. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.20 Continue strengthening the 
incorporation of the ethnic approach in 
the rehabilitation measure, in 
coordination with the MOH and the 
VU. (C.1.10) 
For this, it is important to develop clear guidelines and protocols to understand health from a 
community standpoint, addressing aspects such as: i) the place of traditional authorities in the 
care and promotion of health in their communities; ii) the importance of the territory in the 
processes of collective healing and in the health of individuals; iii) the relevance of traditional 
rituals for the harmonization of the territory and its inhabitants; iv) the role of ancestral 
medicine. The derived procedures should be flexible enough to address the uniqueness of each 
ethnic community. This requires including diagnostic actions and participatory planning, where 
communities have the opportunity to point out both the damage suffered according to their 
worldview, and the autochthonous forms of healing that can be included in the rehabilitation 
processes. These tools must be territorialized through the contracting and/or strengthening of 
human resources at the departmental and municipal levels, not only with staff in charge of the 
issue of reparation for victims, but also with health, interior and departmental secretariats. This 
process can be nourished by the lessons learned from the collective rehabilitation measures 
implemented by the UV, as well as by the processes of exhumation, identification and delivery of 
the mortal victims of the Bojayá massacre. The ethnic PAPSIVI pilot can also provide relevant 
inputs.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.21 Continue supporting the 
construction of historical memory of 
experiences of minority groups at the 
national and local levels.
This process can be anchored to conjunctural moments in the country, such as the territorial 
socialization of the final report of the CEV and the construction of the Colombian Museum of 
Memory. Specific support could be given to the construction, dissemination and socialization of 
historical memory related to the experience of ethnic communities, women, LGBTQI+
population, children and adolescents, persons with disabilities and victims abroad. It is important 
that this process consolidates itself in the national narration of the armed conflict. Thus, it is 
essential to work jointly with the CNMH, especially considering that the CEV ends its mission in 
2022. It would be ideal to also work in coordination with universities and research centers. 
thus, installing capacities in various actors to guarantee the continuity of research around the 
historical memory of minority groups.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 96
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
R.1.22 Develop technical and 
operational elements so that differential 
approaches are systematically taken 
into account in the different instances 
of victim participation.
Working with the members of the municipal and national victims’ participation roundtables, as 
well as with other participation instances accompanied by VISP, identify the particular needs of 
representatives that are part of minority groups to assure their effective participation so that 
older adults, persons with disabilities, women, LGBTIQ+ people and ethnic communities have 
guarantees suitable to their particular needs (E.g.: differentiated guarantees for participation). 
Based on these needs, we recommend developing guidelines -integrated into what is already 
established in the participation protocols of the participation roundtables and other differential 
public policy for victims- to include in the planning and logistical operation of participation 
scenarios a differential approach. This work can be done with municipal roundtables, national 
roundtable, support groups for PDETS and collective reparation, interethnic roundtables, 
women leaders roundtables. Lessons can be learned from the ethnic or children and 
adolescents’ participation protocols already developed with VISP’s support.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.23 Support the design of a strategy 
for the autonomous retraining of the 
territorial teams in charge of planning 
and implementing the victims’ policy, 
taking as input the lessons learned from 
the Territorial Strengthening Model. 
(C.1.13)
The retraining strategy should be designed to be self-contained and to be replicated cyclically 
and autonomously by actors in the territory, without depending on external actors such as 
international development. To develop it, inputs can be taken from the Territorial Strengthening 
Model, already implemented by the MOI and VISP. Actions to be considered include: i) 
Designing a self-diagnosis and self-training tool for local institutions on specific knowledge 
regarding attention and integral reparation of victims and the SIP. This should be mandatory for 
all new personnel of local governments. The results of the self-diagnosis tool will provide the 
necessary strengthening route that could be served through inputs already developed by VISP 
or national level entities and that may be strengthened; ii) Continue supporting the construction 
of pedagogical processes through virtual courses (E-learning) with the support of international 
cooperation actors and academia. This could be taken by local institutional officials according to 
their needs and functions. iii) Support meetings for the exchange of experiences among local 
officials at the intradepartmental and interdepartmental level (for example, among the different 
municipal victims’ liaisons), to level and expand their knowledge. The role of departmental 
governments in this strategy, as articulator and provider of peer-to-peer training, is key. To this 
end, it is relevant to contemplate guidelines for recording results, meeting reports and training 
material in the Governor’s offices.
Finally, VISP could contemplate consolidating, systematizing and socializing all the products 
consolidated during the implementation of VISP (in all its five intermediate results) so that they 
can become inputs for the self-training processes of local and national institutions. The transfer 
of these inputs and pedagogical strategies should be done not only with municipal, departmental 
and national entities, but should also contemplate the academia as an important actor for the 
sustainability of the training processes for civil servants. In particular, ESAP and UNAL can play 
an important role. It would be pertinent to coordinate with additional cooperation actors to 
leverage additional resources and support for this task. 
Short-term (up to six 
months)
Both
97 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
R.1.24 Continue supporting 
communication processes around the 
VL implementation process, so its 
achievements and follow-up results 
informs both victims and the local 
political agenda. (C.1.14)
Actions that can strengthen the communication processes around the VL include a) Supporting 
the municipal and departmental victims’ roundtables in the acquisition of skills and tools to 
manage their own communication processes, to strengthen their capacity for political advocacy, 
as well as their relationship with the victim community through the accountability and visibility 
of their work. For this purpose, lessons learned from the strengthening of the national 
roundtable of victims in this area can be adopted; b) Continue strengthening the capacity of the 
communications teams of the VU, the CNMH, the MOH and other relevant entities of the 
SNARIV to report on the achievements and impacts of the first ten years of the VL, with an 
emphasis on strategic territories; c) Designing and socializing communication products that 
inform the victim population about details concerning the renewal of the VL, as well as its role 
in the implementation of the Peace Agreement (including differences between the VL and the 
Final Agreement, articulation between SNARIV, ART and the SIP, roles of the new agencies, 
roles of the entities that continue working within the framework of the VL, etc.). Likewise, the 
communication strategy should be a channel to disseminate possible changes in the regulatory 
or policy framework that are relevant to transmit to local actors including local governments, 
victims’ participation roundtables, and victims in general. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.1.25 Support the GoC in the design 
and implementation of a strategy to 
analyze duplicities in the information 
reported in different information 
systems such as SIIGA, PAT dashboard 
and RUSISCT, which, if necessary, could 
lead to actions to integrate information 
systems for the monitoring and 
evaluation of the victim’s public policy, 
reducing the administrative burden of 
local liaisons. (C.1.15)
To this end, support, through a consultancy: i) the generation of agreements between different 
public agencies and levels of government, in accordance with the legal framework to allow the 
standardization of reports and indicators made through different platforms, reducing the time 
and administrative burden of local liaisons; ii) identify redundancies and homologation 
possibilities in the information reported on different platforms (as a pilot of first phase, the 
work could start with standardizing information between the PAT and the RUSISCT); iii) define 
a work plan for the medium and long terms to advance in the homologation of variables, and 
that includes the development of tools that allow the unification and standardization of reports.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.1.26 Based on the lessons learned 
from the COVID-19 pandemic, support 
the GoC in developing and scaling-up 
mechanisms and protocols for 
providing virtual attention to victims, as 
well as strategies to support and train 
local governments and territorial offices 
of national government entities in the 
use of these virtual channels. (C.1.17)
To this end, we recommend the following actions: i) Identifying with the VU, CNMH, UBPD, 
JEP, MOI and MOH best practices at the national and local levels that were useful in the context 
of the pandemic and that can be adapted to streamline virtual processes. This should include 
good practices in digital skills training necessary to advance in hybrid care and training channels
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 98
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
EVALUATION QUESTION 2
R.2.1 Continue strengthening the 
technical capacity of the institutional 
framework, especially at the local level, 
through the sequence of studying, 
understanding, explaining and 
disseminating conceptual and 
procedural developments, emphasizing 
the adjustments required for future 
policy or regulatory developments, and 
strengthening bidirectional 
communication and articulation 
between levels of government. (C.2.1)
To develop this recommendation in future programs, we recommend to: a) continue 
emphasizing the relevance of the territorialization of the VL through the strengthening of the 
technical and operational capacity of local governments, decentralized entities and the Public 
Prosecutor’s Office at the regional level; b) Consolidate with a team of experts the study and 
development of conceptual and procedural tools, including how to explain and disseminate 
these within the institutional framework in an innovative and pedagogical manner, especially 
among officials with competencies to provide technical assistance to local institutions, as well as 
among the local teams of the implementing partner; c) Consolidate teams in national entities 
that incorporate strategies for the formation and training of both territorial teams and local 
authorities in order to contribute to the sustainability of VISP support, as well as subsequent 
programmatic support to VL in the territory; d) Support the construction of tools for the 
assessment of the work between the national and territorial levels, so that training processes 
can be improved assuring a better coordination and concurrence between levels of government.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.2.2 Continue supporting planning and 
follow-up activities carried out by the 
public agencies responsible for the 
victims’ policy, local governments and 
control entities, with an emphasis on 
identifying and responding to possible 
inconsistencies between the size of the 
victim population to be attended and 
the allocation of budgetary resources to 
this end, to continue to improve 
planning and oversight processes 
around the VL. (C.2.2, C.2.5)
The following actions could be considered: a) Support the DNP in coordination with the VU in 
planning and adjustment exercises to the victim’s policy, including accompaniment to increase 
the political incidence on decision makers; b) Support local planning offices and the Public 
Prosecutor’s Office to generate territorialized inter-institutional articulation routes at the 
departmental and municipal levels to strengthen the follow-up and monitoring activities related 
to the implementation of the public policy for victims.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.2.3 Continue providing technical and 
financial support for the implementation 
of the VL and the peace accord to 
achieve the comprehensive satisfaction 
of the rights of victims on a large scale 
and considering the changing dynamics 
of the context, especially at the local 
level. (C.2.3)
For future support to be provided, the lessons learned through the implementation of VISP, as 
well as the findings and recommendations of this evaluation and other related knowledge￾management exercises, should be taken as an input. The resulting design and its supporting 
components should be conceived to guarantee sustained efforts over time and to generate an 
adaption capacity within the implementation of future support, taking into account the needs 
and expectations of the victims in the different territories.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
99 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
R.2.4 Support the MOH and the VU in 
the design and implementation of 
support strategies for local 
governments for the development of 
technical management capacities and 
monitoring of the quality of the
psychosocial and functional-physical 
rehabilitation measures. (C.2.4)
As an input for this process, it would be useful to identify good practices that have allowed 
certain local governments to integrate physical-functional and psychosocial rehabilitation into 
their victim care management processes and disseminate such practices through training 
scenarios (including exchanges of experiences) with the officials who lead these actions in other 
municipalities (both across the Secretaries of Health and in the territorial offices of the VU). To 
advance in the development of capacities, it is necessary to accompany the MOH and the VU in 
the creation of monitoring strategies for the quality of the implementation of psychosocial 
strategies, especially when these are implemented by operators. Quality monitoring must 
include: i) the development of standards for selection processes, training and emotional care of 
human talent; ii) estimation of differentiated workloads according to territorial contexts; iii) 
actions of random verification of the execution of care; and iv) the inclusion of specific items of 
transportation and materials required for care. These quality measurements can be integrated 
into the supervisory actions of the operators of the rehabilitation measure, and it is suggested 
that even when the resources for monitoring come from the national government, local 
governments are directly involved in their supervision.
In addition, it is relevant that future interventions contemplate support for the development of 
national policies and local strategies for the retention of human talent in the rehabilitation 
measure. This implies: i) promoting contracting modalities with greater labor stability; ii) 
generating mechanisms to receive feedback on the implementation processes from the care 
teams; iii) providing encouragement and recognition of professionals and community agents who 
implement care; and iv) articulating work with guilds in the health sector.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.2.5 Continue supporting the 
participation of victims from a broader 
approach that includes strengthening 
victims’ organizations and working with 
the new limitations for peace congress 
seats, emphasizing the generation of 
capacities in these representatives to
carry out advocacy work in decision￾making related to the victims’ policy, its 
follow-up and accountability. (C.2.6)
Relevant actions for achieving greater sustainability of participation results include: i) Continue 
and expand the strengthening of victims’ organizations and victim advocates’ organizations in the 
generation of organizational capacities as well as in leadership, communication and advocacy 
skills of their members, with an emphasis on leaders, women and young members. This 
strengthening should provide the tools so that organization members can prevent, identify and 
denounce bad practices that may occur in formal scenarios such as the election of 
representatives to the victims participation roundtables, or in general operation of these; ii) 
Working directly with the representatives of the victim population that assume the new 
limitations for peace congress seats, through education and training processes useful for the 
fulfillment of their representative work in legislative bodies; iii) Promote dialogue and 
articulation between the municipal and departmental victims participation roundtables, the 
victims national participation roundtable, victims’ organizations, ethnic authorities and the 
limitation for peace congress seats; iv) Facilitating local and regional coordination between the 
municipal and departmental victims participation roundtables with other instances of 
participation (e.g., PDETs processes, Entrelazando weavers and committees for collective 
reparation, interethnic committees, among others); v) Creating materials and capacities for 
peer-to-peer training so that the victims departmental participation roundtables can transfer 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 100
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
knowledge to municipal roundtables, with special emphasis on areas that have not received 
support from international cooperation on this regard.
R.2.6 Strengthen the knowledge 
management strategy of future 
programs based on the systematization 
of lessons learned and the transfer of 
best practices in the design, monitoring 
and implementation of actions for the 
comprehensive care and reparation of 
victims. (C.2.7, C.2.8)
In order to promote a learning culture in the implementation of future programs, actions to be 
considered include: a) Strengthening internal information management system through clear 
guidelines for the construction of knowledge, the permanent monitoring and evaluation of 
actions and the implementation of learning strategies in all program components aimed at 
incorporating lessons learned; b) Assuring that within the monitoring and evaluation framework 
of future programs, each intermediate result has an associated result or impact indicator (in the 
case of VISP, some were limited to process or product indicators); c) Carrying out learning 
exercises with the participation of the local teams of the implementing partner, so that a 
horizontal and broad compilation of the knowledge generated in practice is made; d) 
Incorporating into the aforementioned monitoring and evaluation system complexity aware 
methods, which are more appropriate to address research on complex social issues (a portfolio 
of these methodologies has been developed by USAID based on experiences in different 
countries); e) Including in strategic projects with national level entities monitoring, evaluation 
and learning processes that can be incorporated into the allied agencies information 
management systems, in order to install capacities for measuring the results of the support 
provided and of future autonomous actions; f) Strengthening relationships with academic actors 
who can contribute their knowledge and experience, and disseminate the lessons learned by the 
program. ACOPLE constitutes a reference in the articulation with academia for the production 
of knowledge. For future programs, this type of CLA exercises should be carried out 
continuously from the beginning of the programs, in such a way that the development of 
evaluation, monitoring and learning instruments accompany the implementation of actions 
throughout the life cycle of the projects, facilitating in turn the generation of inputs for 
performance or impact evaluations. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
EVALUATION QUESTION 3
R.3.1 Develop mechanisms to continue 
expanding the coverage and quality of 
EREG, Entrelazando and PAPSIVI
psychosocial rehabilitation strategies. 
(C.3.1, C.3.2)
Through consultations with experts -and in coordination with the MOH and the VU-, identify 
mechanisms for: i) Updating the universe of victims that require the rehabilitation measure; and 
ii) Expanding the coverage of rehabilitation strategies, especially towards rural and dispersed 
rural areas. These mechanisms can consider the local experiences of implementation in which 
the victim population has had greater adherence and better perception of the care processes 
(according to the data from the information systems of each strategy: EREG, Entrelazando and 
PAPSIVI, as well as the perspective of the national and local implementation teams). 
Additionally, we suggest accompanying the national government in the design of actions to 
obtain international resources (for example, from cooperation organizations), which allow 
expanding the coverage of the rehabilitation measure. As for local governments, it is necessary 
to strengthen their capacities to allocate resources, royalties, and international cooperation 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
101 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
resources. We suggest that the allocation of these resources includes remuneration items for 
community agents (impulse committees/weavers) and transportation fees for beneficiaries, 
differentiated by geographic context of care.
R.3.2 Give continuity to the support 
provided to the VU for the qualification 
of the EREG strategy and the 
Entrelazando strategy, strengthening 
the mechanisms for referring cases to 
individual rehabilitation when necessary. 
(C.3.1)
Develop a strategy for the qualification of the local implementation of Entrelazando including: i) 
promotion of the participation of the local government in the establishment, implementation 
and follow-up of the PIRCs; ii) strengthening community access through the promotion of 
participatory selection processes of leadership (impulse committees / weavers); iii) mechanisms 
to estimate the workload of the psychosocial professionals who accompany the PIRC seeking to 
reduce their turnover; iv) methodologies for the differential care of children and the elderly; v) 
improvement of the articulation of the PIRCs with other offers of comprehensive care and 
repair of the VL, as well as with strategies targeted towards vulnerable population; vii) 
mechanisms to accompany the promotion committees, particularly in terms of personal safety 
and emotional care. 
For both Entrelazando and EREG we suggest: i) standardizing procedures for the identification 
and effective referral of people who require individual attention (to PAPSIVI or the SGSSS); ii) 
Implementing technical supervision-accompaniment mechanisms for the activities of the 
multipliers (professionals or weavers, taking as an input ACOPLE’s technical supervision 
strategies); and iii) Following up on the development of skills in the medium term with EREG 
groups.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.3.3 Give continuity to the support to 
PAPSIVI, especially in relation to the 
development of differential technical 
guidelines (rurality, ethnicity and 
children and adolescents), the 
strengthening of the monitoring and 
follow-up system, the strengthening of 
the articulation between its two 
components and the use of the RUV by 
SGSSS actors. (C.3.2)
Support the MOH in the process of issuing, regulating, disseminating, and monitoring the 
PAPSIVI regulatory framework (PAPSIVI Resolution) through support with consultants for the 
national institutional management and dialogue with the National Health Superintendence. In 
this process, it is key to identify the possibilities of articulation with the strategies of the Ten￾Year Public Health Plan 2022-2031. The development and piloting of the differential guidelines 
for attention to victims in rural areas, ethnic groups and children and adolescents can be 
supported by hiring expert consultants, and it can include the development of: i) methodological 
guidelines; ii) training content for professionals and community agents; iii) differentiated budget 
frameworks (in which contextual adjustments of displacement-transportation, workload, 
lodging, interpreters and materials are contemplated); iv) articulation frameworks with 
territorial offers (especially PIC, intramural and extramural health services, and PDET); v) 
strategies for emotional care and personal safety; and vi) in the ethnic component, promoting 
learning scenarios-exchange of experiences with experts, ethnic authorities and organizations to 
improve the understanding of well-being and health in indigenous/Afro/Gypsy peoples and 
integrating these in the design and budget processes. 
Furthermore, it is necessary to identify, jointly with local governments, EPS and IPS, good 
practices and barriers for the referral of the victim population between the two components of 
PAPSIVI and generating a strategy that standardizes such referral processes and includes it in the 
PAPSIVI application. This strategy should include: i) bidirectional referral criteria; ii) local case 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 102
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
management pathways; and iii) follow-up and monitoring mechanisms that generate inputs for 
understanding and decision-making in health risk management. 
Finally, it is important to support the MOH and the UV in the development and dissemination of 
simplified guidelines so that local governments, EPSs and IPSs can permanently access the RUV, 
use the VIVANTO platform, and use this information to make diagnoses regarding the health of 
the victims and to create specific management strategies for the management of health risk in 
this population.
R.3.4 Accompany the MOH in the 
development of actions to strengthen 
access to physical-functional 
rehabilitation centers in new IPS, to 
expand the operation of the disability 
registry and to articulate this offer with 
the comprehensive reparation route for 
the victim population. (C.3.2)
Give continuity to the technical support to the MOH to: i) improve the appropriation and 
expansion of the offer of functional-physical rehabilitation services with a biopsychosocial 
approach in new IPS of low and medium complexity; ii) support the dissemination and 
monitoring of the implementation of the regulatory framework for the disability registry 
(Resolution 113/2020); iii) strengthen the presence of psychology, occupational therapy and 
speech therapy services in rehabilitation processes; iv) Disseminate the care route for people 
who are victims of antipersonnel mines with all SGSSS actors (External Circular 004/2017-
Supersalud); and v) Promote the use of VIVANTO and the RUV consultation in the IPS for the 
application of the differential approach. 
On the other hand, it is pertinent to generate new technical support for the development of the 
following actions at the national level: i) Promoting and regulating telemedicine and 
telerehabilitation services; i) Promoting extramural health care strategies; iii) Promoting the 
articulation of these strategies with the Ten-Year Public Health Plan 2022-2031; and vi) 
Promoting the articulation of these strategies with the comprehensive reparation route of 
victims.
Regarding the territorial level, we suggest to: i) Give continuity to the scenarios of articulation 
and awareness with EPS for the contracting of functional-physical rehabilitation services and 
their inclusion within the provision networks; ii) Support the development of capacities in the 
secretaries of health as leading agents of the local articulation of the actors of the SGSSS, 
particularly in terms of authorization and provision of services; iii) Favor the creation of 
mechanisms for referral and follow-up of cases between the physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation offers; and iv) examine the possibilities of accessing SGR resources for the 
provision of new rehabilitation centers.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.3.5 Develop, together with the 
MOH, a strategy for the massive and 
permanent training of local 
governments, EPS, IPS, and health 
professionals/technicians in the 
psychosocial approach, differential 
In future support for the MOH, include a cross-cutting support component (not fragmented by 
results) for training processes for human talent in health (administrative and assistance) to care 
for the victim population. This component can collect the inputs, learning and limitations of the 
previous training processes supported by VISP. The support can materialize through a training 
strategy that articulates the MOH, the MOE, guilds, Universities and SENA to: i) Promote the 
development of competencies in undergraduate, postgraduate and complementary training of 
health and human sciences professionals in psychosocial care, differential approaches, disability 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
103 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
approach, disability registration and use 
of the RUV. (C.3.2)
certification process and the physical-functional rehabilitation model with a biopsychosocial 
approach; ii) Updating mechanisms on the aforementioned topics for health professionals and 
technicians (administrative and assistance) who currently work in Health Secretariats, EPS and 
IPS. In this second training profile, it is key to include specific actions for accessing VIVANTO 
and the RUV; and iii) Generate processes of professionalization or certification of job skills of 
community agents of psychosocial rehabilitation strategies.
R.3.6 Support the MOH and the VU in 
the implementation of mechanisms that 
technically and operationally articulate 
psychosocial rehabilitation with the 
other measures of reparation, the 
mental health offer, and with the 
complementary psychosocial offer for 
the victim population in charge of the 
ICBF, DPS and the MOE. (C.3.3, C.3.4)
In future support to the MOH and the VU, facilitate the creation and implementation of a 
national mechanism with a territorial scope that articulates psychosocial rehabilitation with the 
complementary psychosocial offer and mental health care processes for victims, promoting 
continuity and complementarity through care, as well as the mainstreaming of the psychological 
approach and the rights approach in these. It is relevant to fine-tune the referral routes for 
victims between psychosocial rehabilitation, clinical mental health care, and the Comprehensive 
Health Care Protocol with a Psychosocial Approach for Victims of the Armed Conflict in the 
IPS. To advance in this sense, it is recommended to i) Identify lessons learned from the 
Coexistence and Peace program supported by the multi-donor fund; ii) have an updated map of 
the institutional offer of services related to psychosocial care and mental health that are 
complementary to the rehabilitation measure; iii) promote the internal articulation of various 
areas of the MOH for the comprehensive care of the victim population (the Office of Social 
Promotion, the Service Provision Directorate, the Assurance Directorate, the Promotion and 
Prevention Directorate, the OTIC, and the Department of Epidemiology and Demography); iv) 
facilitate joint work spaces between the MOH, the VU and the ICBF to strengthen access to 
psychosocial rehabilitation for children and adolescents; and v) articulate specific actions with 
the National Health Superintendence, the MOE and DPS.
In this process it is suggested to include support from specialized consultants to specifically 
accompany the MOH in the creation of strategies to strengthen technical assistance and 
territorial monitoring aimed at the local articulation of psychosocial rehabilitation with the 
actions of the National Mental Health Policy, the Strategy for the Promotion of Mental Health in 
Colombia (CONPES 3992/2020), the National Plan for Rural Health, the National Plan for 
Psychosocial Rehabilitation for Coexistence and Non-Repetition, the PDETs (especially in its 
pillars 4-health and 8-Reconciliation, Coexistence and Peacebuilding.) and the guidelines of the 
PIC (Collective Intervention Plan).
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.3.7 Promote the creation of 
differential and concerted strategies 
with authorities and ethnic communities 
to favor access to collective ethnic 
psychosocial rehabilitation (especially of 
indigenous peoples) and to strengthen 
Support the VU and the MOH in the processes of creation, validation and implementation of 
psychosocial rehabilitation methodologies for ethnic groups. These methodologies should 
integrate an intercultural approach in health and rehabilitation, which favors dialogue with 
ancestral knowledge and promotes complementarity between the SGSSS and traditional 
medicine. We suggest that in the design of these actions, an early articulation is established with 
the Indigenous Life Plans, the Ethnodevelopment Plans, the Indigenous Intercultural Own Health 
System (SISPI) and with the indigenous EPS and IPS. It is also necessary to: i) identify 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
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TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
the access of older people to 
psychosocial rehabilitation. (C.3.4)
complementary mechanisms for the referral and individual access to psychosocial rehabilitation 
for people with an ethnic background who require this type of care and/or who are not part of 
the collective reparations; ii) support the design of institutionalized training processes that 
enable qualification of the incorporation of the ethnic and rights approach in psychosocial and 
health professionals, as well as in local government officials who lead actions related to ethnic 
psychosocial rehabilitation; iiii) support financially and operationally the psychosocial 
rehabilitation components of the PIRCs already agreed with the subjects of collective 
reparation, and iv) promote, together with the MOH and the VU, the implementation of 
knowledge management strategies that facilitate the collection of learning in these processes, as 
an input for other victim’s repair and rehabilitation initiatives. 
Regarding the access of older people to psychosocial rehabilitation, we suggest supporting the 
MOH and the VU in the elaboration of a detailed diagnosis of the conditions that have limited 
the participation of this population group, to generate access optimization strategies for his 
population.
EVALUATION QUESTION 4
R.4.1 Given the proven effectiveness of 
the CAM, continue to support the 
implementation of the validated 
strategies to provide psychosocial and 
mental health support for victims. 
(C.4.1)
In future programs rehabilitation programs, the learnings from the implementation of the CAM 
should be used to strengthen mental health promotion strategies for victims based on peers 
carried out by public, private or social organizations. We suggest considering new 
implementation processes of the CAM with victims’ organizations in Colombia, maintaining the 
remuneration of community agents. In future implementations, it would be convenient to 
articulate the community agents already trained in CAM, either as community agents or as 
participants in experience exchange scenarios with other community agents (including those of 
PAPSIVI, EREG and Entrelazando).
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.4.2 In future programs, continue to 
systematize the training processes 
developed with community agents, and 
support the coordination of these 
actors with formal education scenarios, 
providing incentives for 
professionalization, and analyzing their 
results. (C.4.1)
Include in future implementations of the CAM and similar interventions a specific line of 
permanent training that includes: i) input and output measurements of community agent’s 
knowledge; ii) identification of key areas of training (care and referral skills, differential 
approaches, skills for group work, emotional care and office skills); iii) response actions to 
emerging training needs; iv) articulation of the training process with formal education offers; v) 
incentives for professionalization; and vi) systematization of the process. Note that when 
speaking of professionalization processes, we refer to systematic processes of recognition of 
knowledge/skills developed in the extensive training processes of EREG, Entrelazando, and 
PAPSIVI by entities endorsed by the MOE, job training -Law 1064/ 2006-, promotion of access 
to technical or professional education in related areas. Finally, it is key to adjust the planning of 
the training times of the community agents according to the different educational levels of entry, 
their previous experiences as leaders-caregivers in their communities, and the affectations of 
the subjects of care in their particular contexts.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
105 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
R.4.3 Maintain and promote the link 
between professionals and knowledge 
management teams in future 
implementations of the CAM or similar 
interventions. (C.4.2)
Consider including knowledge management guidelines and activities in all USAID-supported 
peer-based mental health care strategies. We suggest these being led by research groups 
attached to universities or non-governmental organizations with experience in applied health 
research. The generation of knowledge may include the: i) creation and/or validation of 
measurement instruments for the entry and exit of the people served; ii) creation and/or 
validation of training processes for community agents; iiii) creation and/or validation of care 
methodologies; iv) creation and/or validation of expert supervision methodologies; and v) 
publication of the results in scientific journals and other formal channels. The experience, 
methodologies, results and publications made by ACOPLE should be taken as a reference.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.4.4 In future implementations of the 
CAM or similar interventions, maintain, 
promote and systematize the technical 
supervision schemes carried out with 
community agents, identifying good 
practices, limitations and results of each 
type of supervision in the care 
processes. (C.4.2)
We suggest systematizing the technical supervision processes of community agents as scenarios 
for the generation of situated knowledge and methodologies that can be integrated into the 
models to qualify their application in the medium term. The systematization of these processes 
may include a specific look at the characteristics and results of the various types of supervision: 
individual (professional + community agent), group (professionals + team of community agents), 
peers (among community agents). We also suggest promoting the publication and dissemination 
of these experiences in scientific journals, as a contribution to the field of knowledge of 
community-based rehabilitation.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.4.5 In future implementations of the 
CAM or similar interventions, identify 
strategies that allow adjustments 
related to differential approaches to be 
formally incorporated into care, in 
harmony with the population profiles of 
the victim population served. (C.4.3)
Include in the agreements for the implementation of the CAM protocols or similar 
interventions, mechanisms that allow the documentation and formal incorporation of the 
differential ethnic approaches (Afro and indigenous) and the gender approach, according to the 
particularities of the territorial contexts. These adjustments could be understood as 
methodological annexes or annexes of good practices of the model.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.4.6 In future processes to support 
community mental health strategies for 
victims, consider the results (currently 
in the process of publication) of the 
group model that ACOPLE 
implemented in a complementary 
manner to the CAM. (C.4.3)
The results of the group care model that was implemented within the framework of ACOPLE, 
and the experiences of community agents and professionals in this regard, can be inputs for 
technical assistance processes that support future programs in relation to psychosocial 
accompaniments and community mental health processes, including the group modality of 
PAPSIVI, EREG and the replica scenarios carried out by weavers in Entrelazando.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.4.7 Review and update the 
organizational strengthening model for 
the appropriation of the CAM by 
The qualification of the organizational strengthening model must include the lessons learned 
from the process carried out by ACOPLE with AFRODES and consider: i) administrative and 
financial strengthening actions for the hiring of community agents and professionals; ii) capacity 
building for project management and obtaining funds-financing; iii) development of capacities for 
Short-term (up to six 
months)
USAID
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TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
victims’ organizations, as an input for 
current and future programs. (C.4.4)
the implementation of the CAM protocols; iv) transfer of good practices for the selection, 
training and support of community agents and professionals; v) development of skills for 
articulation with the SNARIV and the SGSSS; and vi) a monitoring and follow-up system for the 
transfer process. This strengthening should occur progressively and linked to attention actions 
in order to favor learning scenarios based on real situations.
R.4.8 Review and update the CAM 
transfer strategy to SGSSS actors and 
SNARIV psychosocial care programs. 
(C.4.5)
This should include the lessons learned from the process carried out by Heart Alliance￾AFRODES-CISALVA and consider: i) the recognition and possible articulation with existing 
psychosocial and mental health care policies; ii) the possible articulation with other academic 
research groups; iii) the inclusion of an early and constant relationship strategy with public 
institutions, especially with the MOH and the VU; iv) dissemination of results and learning in 
scenarios of national and local institutional articulation; v) the development of training scenarios 
- transfer of local capacities; and vi) the anticipation of mechanisms that allow mitigating the
difficulties derived from the institutional relationship.
Short-term (up to six 
months)
USAID
EVALUATION QUESTION 5
R.5.1 Elaborate a step-by-step guideline 
regarding how to implement an 
encompassing, participatory and flexible 
approach to define tailored 
strengthening plans to be carried out 
jointly with each organization so that 
interventions are pertinent and 
appropriated by the beneficiaries. 
(C.5.1)
This guideline could be systematized as a booklet, and socialized with other USAID programs, as 
well as with other cooperation or public agencies, including MoA, ADR, DPS, MoC, SENA. This 
constitutes a knowledge management product, in line with the pilot’s main objectives.
Short-term (up to six 
months)
Activity IP
R.5.2 Elaborate a guideline on how to 
systematically incorporate differential 
approaches in the economic 
strengthening intervention model, with 
a special emphasis on victim’s 
differential approach. (C.5.2)
The guideline should take as inputs: i) the lessons learned from the economic pilots; ii) the 
results of this evaluation; and iii) VISP’s experience developing guides and methodologies to 
incorporate differential approaches to the implementation of the VL. The guidelines should 
include gender, youth, ethnic and victims’ differential approaches. There differential approach 
guidelines should include aspects such as whether it is necessary to tailor training and 
accompaniment sessions according to the type of RPO members that participate. With respect 
to the victim’s differential approach, the intervention should include addressing psychosocial 
needs, especially those related to pain, and trauma associated with the armed conflict. It should 
be analyzed whether there is a preferred approach to address these, including helping and 
individual to access psychosocial attention (e.g., through the local health offices), or designing 
and implementing group workshops that allow different members to share their experiences 
and thoughts. A consultant could be hired to carry out this product. The product should be 
socialized with other relevant actors, including those from academia and the public sector, being 
Short-term (up to six 
months)
Activity IP
107 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
a relevant input for public policy design. USAID programs working in income generation of 
vulnerable populations should incorporate these guidelines. 
R.5.3 In current and future 
interventions, define economic 
indicators and goals in terms of the 
production and commercialization 
performance of the organizations, 
allowing the analysis of results obtained 
through the support provided and 
through the identification of challenges 
to continue addressing when working in 
the economic establishment of RPOs 
with victim members. (C.5.4, C.5.5)
Current and future interventions aimed at supporting income generation of victims and other 
vulnerable populations could collect pre and post measurements of production, sales and costs 
that allow to better identify results of the organizational support. Self-follow up capacities could 
further be strengthened, and the relevance of doing this could be further emphasized, so that 
organizations continue to measure results beyond the implementation of the intervention. The 
indicators to be used should be pre-defined ex ante, and should be quantitative and detailed, 
rather than being general, subjective self-reports that are difficult to associate with the 
intervention. To this end, programs should: i) include operational resources for the collection 
and analysis of information; ii) include in the cooperative agreements with RPOs, their 
responsibility of reporting information, specifying the type, frequency and report mechanisms. 
Digital data collection mechanisms, such as online surveys via WhatsApp, could be considered 
as cost-effective alternatives being increasingly used by RPOs.
Short-term (up to six 
months)
USAID
R.5.4 In future interventions, 
strengthen the support provided to 
organizations in terms of 
commercialization (including supporting 
and accompanying them to negotiate 
sales agreements with private actors) 
and access to resources (including 
accompanying them to request 
agricultural credit or structure a 
project to apply to other types of public 
or cooperation financial support), 
aspects that should contribute to the 
sustainability and scaling-up of the 
intervention. (C.5.5, C.5.6)
The strengthened commercialization support could be provided directly or could be managed 
by orienting organizations to other USAID programs working with RPOs, so that the 
strengthening process continues following an attention-route approach. Organizations could 
also be accompanied to access commercialization support from other cooperation, private and 
public actors. Regarding supporting the organization’s access to financial resources, this should 
be carried out taking into account the specific needs and capacities of each organization, as not 
all of them are eligible for applying to credit, if for instance, they do not have an assured income 
flow. The support and accompaniment granted to organizations in commercialization and access 
to resources issues could be provided virtually, taking advantage of the acquired abilities of 
organizations to communicate virtually, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.5.5 Elaborate a booklet systematizing 
the peer-to-peer capacity transfer 
methodology and socialize it with key 
factors that could replicate it in future 
programs. (C.5.4)
This booklet constitutes a knowledge management product that could be useful for other 
USAID, cooperation, private and public interventions aimed at strengthening rural associativity. 
Actors with which it could be socialized (virtually or in person) include PNUD, FAO, MoA, 
ADR, DPS, MoC, SENA and local governments. 
Short-term (up to six 
months)
Activity IP
R.5.6 As part of the emphasis on 
generating co-responsibility and 
empowering organizations as change￾The community project does not necessarily require economic resources, as it could be a 
communal event (e.g., minga, colecta, celebration) where the community gets together and 
jointly contributes to a local objective. The implementer could accompany the RPO and help 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 108
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
makers, include as part of future 
program’s beneficiary organization’s 
responsibilities, the implementation of a 
project that benefits the local 
community, serving as exercise to help 
rebuild social relations in areas where 
victims reside. (C.5.4)
articulate the community project with the municipal government, as a way to strengthen
relations between public and social actors. CDLO’s (USAID program) experience and 
intervention model could serve a reference for this process. USAID could identify and 
systematize other experiences in this regard that have been implemented in different activities.
R.5.7 Design a strategy to expand and 
deepen the socialization of the lessons 
learned and the knowledge 
management products derived from the 
economic pilots with other USAID 
programs, other cooperation actors, 
inter-institutional instances, and with 
the main rural-associativity public 
programs. (C.5.5)
To this end, incorporate both virtual and physical material, using different communication 
channels, and reaching different key actors at the national and, if necessary, the local level. 
Particular emphasis of socialization and transfer of lesson learned should be given to other 
USAID programs working in income generation. 
Short-term (up to six 
months)
Activity IP
R.5.8 In future programs aimed at 
supporting the integral reparation of 
victims, include a component of 
economic stabilization, recognizing its 
relevance as part of the process to 
advance in the guarantee of victim’s 
rights, as well as for the sustainability of
other reparation measures. (C.5.6)
The support could be two-fold. On the one hand, to support the GoC in the design, 
implementation and evaluation of public policy tools for the economic stabilization of victims. 
This would imply following a similar model to VISP’s original intervention, but working with 
other strategic public partners, including MoA, MoC, DPS and SENA, in articulation with the VU 
and DNP. On the other hand, future and current USAID programs could work directly with 
RPOs with a significant participation of victims, following the model piloted by VISPs and the 
guidelines documenting it. By working from both approaches, it would be possible to provide 
support from both the supply and the demand-sides, constituting a more encompassing and 
complementary intervention. This could be particularly relevant for programs working with 
youth.
Short-term (up to six 
months)
Both
EVALUATION QUESTION 6
R.6.1 Elaborate a conceptual and 
operative methodology to incorporate 
the victim’s differential approach in 
income generation programs. (C.6.2)
The differential approach could include aspects such as how to incorporate a psychosocial 
component on topics related to victim’s experiences and needs, either including related topics 
in program’s training sessions, or orienting beneficiaries to existing psychosocial programs. The 
topics to be covered should articulate to other cross-cutting psychosocial aspects, including 
mental health and family and community relations. The National Victim’s Participation Table 
could be invited to participate in workshops or sessions of existing spaces (e.g., The National 
Table for Income Generation, Rural Associativity and Commercialization; or the Equity Table) 
to conceptualize the differential approach. VISP’s experience developing methodologies to 
Short-term (up to six 
months)
USAID
109 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
incorporate differential approaches in the VL, as well as supporting DPS to incorporate the 
ethnic approach in income generation programs, could be taken as a reference.
R.6.2 Support and strengthen the 
articulation of victim’s income 
generation programs with local 
development interventions, with a 
special emphasis on PDETs and working 
jointly with local governments. This, as 
a strategy to transit from individual 
assistance-based entrepreneurship 
approaches to interventions 
incorporating a territorial and market￾oriented approach that can scale-up the 
potential of the results. (C.6.2)
To strengthen the articulation of income generation programs with local development 
interventions, a consultancy could be carried out to work jointly with ART, VU, MoA, MoC, 
SENA on the conceptual and operation design of articulation and implementation measures. 
These should have a victim’s differential approach, although measures and methodologies should 
apply in general to vulnerable populations. Special emphasis should be given to coordinating 
PDETs with Returns and Relocation plans. Income generation work should also be articulated 
with the local Chambers of Commerce and Competition Commissions. An input to be taken 
into account in this exercise is the Master Plan of Economic re-activation carried out by ART. 
Local Governments should be part of this process, so that they contribute with their knowledge 
of local particularities and become active actors in supporting and continuing the support of 
productive projects. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.6.3 Support the elaboration and 
implementation of an Income 
Generation Route, with a special 
emphasis on victims. This, as an 
instrument that integrates the different 
existing programs depending on their 
particular characteristics and type of 
beneficiary targeted and serving as well 
as an instrument to disseminate the 
existing public supply of programs 
among victims, reducing access barriers 
related to information. (C.6.3)
The Income Generation Route for Victims should consider aspects such as: i) being part of a 
broader income generation route for vulnerable populations; ii) having differential routes for 
rural vs. urban beneficiaries; iii) at least some of the programs should follow a market-approach 
in which specific enterprises or production units are targeted based on their effective capacities 
to increase sales, rather than following an individual assistance-based targeting approach; iv) 
incorporating a gender-differential approach to address women and women victim’s particular 
needs (e.g. having access to care for their children while participating in income generation 
training sessions). This could be worked jointly with the Rural Women’s Directorate at the 
MoA; v) a differential approach for men, who traditionally access income generation programs 
in lower proportion than women; vi) the integration of the Route with other Victim’s integral 
attention and reparation measures, with a special emphasis on payments and collective 
reparation plans. The Route should be jointly elaborated with the GoC, ideally through the 
Equity Table and the National Table for Rural Income Generation, Rural Associativity and Rural 
Commercialization. Part of the Route design should be the articulation of targeting criteria of 
different programs. For this, joint work is required with DPS’s focalization technical group, 
DNP’s Social Directorate working with SISBEN and the Social Registry, and the institutional 
attention rout of potential beneficiaries recently designed by the VU. The Route should include 
a diffusion strategy to reach victims so that they understand the supply of programs and the 
entry requirements. The diffusion strategy should include working with the National and 
Municipal Victims’ Roundtables, as well as with local and community media in the different 
territories. The Rural Associativity Route currently being designed by the MoA could be taken 
as a reference for the Income Generation Route.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 110
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
R.6.4 Support the integration of the 
diagnosis and characterization of the 
economic conditions of victim’s and of 
their productive units in a sole 
information system, (C.6.3)
An analysis of existing information systems and information initiatives of the government should 
be analyzed with the objective of identifying whether the centralized information of victims 
should be part of or articulated with the other registries. Among the existing registries to 
analyze, the following are particularly important: i) RUV; ii) DPS’s Income Generation Route, iii) 
Mi Registro Rural of the MoA; Innpulsa’s information systems, iv) DNP’s social registry, and v) 
the characterizations that the recently created entrepreneurship strengthening group of the UV 
is carrying out.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.6.5 Support the GoC in the design 
and implementation of a strategy to 
clarify the institutional arrangement 
around income generation for 
vulnerable populations including victims. 
(C.6.3)
This could be done through a consultancy mapping the existing actors, programs and 
articulation spaces (tables, committees, commissions, groups), that could then identify the 
particularities of each, and based on this, and the normative responsibilities of each actor and 
space, propose an organization of the institutional arrangement. Among the spaces to consider 
and articulate, special emphasis should be given to i) the Income Generation Table of SNARIV; 
ii) the Equity Table; iii) the Rural Income, Associativity and Commercialization Table (transiting 
to become an intersectoral commission); iv) the Poverty Alleviation Route of DPS; v) Innpulsa 
and its role leading income generation programs as mandated in the recently approved 
Entrepreneurship Law; and VI) the strategic strengthening of entrepreneurship group recently 
created in the VU (together with its articulation with other groups within the UV). Local 
Governments and local offices of the VU should be taken into account in the institutional 
arrangement. Local Governments should take part in supporting the implementation of level 
programs, for instance, supporting the diffusion of program applications, providing spaces for 
workshops or other activities, complementing investments and support (including in species 
support like technical assistance) and continuing to support organizations or productive projects 
after program interventions have finished. The clarification of the institutional arrangement 
should also incorporate communication mechanisms across participating actors, as well as 
follow-up mechanisms to assure that the victim’s differential approach is made visible and 
effective attention to victims is implemented.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.6.6 Conduct an analysis of the 
possibility to designing income 
generation programs following 
payment-by-results (pago por resultados) 
schemes, and of piloting this with victim 
beneficiaries. (C.6.4)
The analysis should identify international references of this sort of interventions, as well as 
existing successful cases in doing so in other areas, including employability.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.6.7 Carry out an analysis of existing 
follow-up indicators regarding victim’s 
vulnerability in relation to economic 
stabilization, as well as of income 
generation program follow-up 
This task could be carried out through a consultancy that starts with the analysis of existing 
information sources, as this can first map the existing indicators. This analysis should take into 
account i) impact evaluations that have been carried out in relation to victims and vulnerable 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
111 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
indicators, with the objective of 
identifying whether adjustments or new 
developments are required. (C.6.4)
population’s income generation; ii) available reports from the VL’s follow-up commissions; iii) 
reports from the Public Ministry; and iv) the results of VISP’s evaluation. 
R.6.8 Support the design and 
implementation of a strategy to 
strengthen the commercialization 
component of income generation 
programs supporting victims so that the 
training and capitalization provided 
derives in effective access to markets, 
being this a crucial component for the 
sustainability and scalability of results. 
(C.6.4)
The commercialization strengthening strategy could be developed working jointly with different 
public agencies and instances, including the Public Purchases Law, the Contract Agriculture 
strategy (MoA), the access to markets strategy of DPS, and in general, short-circuit 
commercialization strategies, recognizing their potential to spur local economies and the higher 
feasibility of accessing local markets in relation to for instance, international ones. This strategy 
should incorporate mechanisms and incentives to engage the private sector to participate in 
commercialization strategies of income generation strategies, especially those of victims. 
Previous experiences, such as tax incentives for enterprises hiring victims through employability 
programs could be taken as a reference.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.6.9 Support the design and 
implementation of interventions that 
incorporate the strengthening of 
specific skills required for the 
employability of vulnerable populations 
(including victims), with differential 
strategies for rural contexts and 
innovative and broad dissemination 
channels. (C.6.5) 
Pilot interventions can be designed and implemented. Strategies can be based on the review of 
previous experiences of agencies such as: i) SENA, through its complementary training programs 
with a differential approach for victims; ii) Public Employment Service, through the specialized 
model for the attention of the victim population, which offers strengthening of socioemotional 
and labor competencies, the application of psycho-technical tests, professional orientation 
workshops, home visits, short training routes for work, certification of labor competencies, 
follow-up and performance evaluation of the employed persons; and iii) DPS, through the 
payment by results programs. In the design of these interventions, it is essential to take into 
account: i) the educational level and socioemotional and technical skills of the job seekers in 
relation to those required for the vacancies; ii) the identification of specific mechanisms to 
strengthen particular skills; and iii) the relationships with the private sector, key to achieve the 
effective engagement of the trainees. The pilot interventions aimed at vulnerable populations 
with a differential approach for victims could be tested in municipalities of different sizes and 
with differential contexts (rural vs. urban, different productive vocation, labor market indicators, 
employment and formalization dynamics, profiles of job seekers, etc.). The above, in such a way 
that it is possible to define required differential interventions, the optimal scales of these, and 
the cost per beneficiary in different locations. It would be desirable for these pilots to be led by 
operators with expertise in labor inclusion for vulnerable populations.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.6.10 Support the design and 
implementation of standardized labor 
intermediation programs that include 
attributes that have been proven to be 
effective in closing gaps and achieving 
effective job placement. (C.6.6)
To design and standardize strategies, consider as inputs: i) the experience of the Public 
Employment Service with the implementation of the Labor Inclusion Model with a Gap Closure 
Approach; ii) the employability and labor inclusion project for victims that promoted the 
recovery and economic reactivation of micro, small and medium enterprises affected by Covid 
19; and iii) the lessons learned from the implementation of the Inclusive Employment Models (of 
public and private entities). The strategies should include modules to incorporate reasonable 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
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TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
adjustments to address specific differential barriers that arise in different contexts and that 
different groups of vulnerable populations (specially victims) face, thus allowing to close gaps and 
achieve effective job placement. A working group can be formed with public and private entities 
and experts in the topic. Elements to be considered for the success of these programs include: 
i) considering and directly involving public agencies in the design and implementation of 
interventions, to the extent that these entities have the competencies and resources to carry 
them out (SPE, employment service providers, job training and education entities, etc.), ii) 
linking the private sector from the beginning in order to achieve relevance and quality in the 
processes of closing gaps and to guarantee effective job placement, iii) identifying and addressing 
the needs and expectations of job seekers, companies and service providers to generate trust 
and to maintain the motivation of the different actors, iv) strengthen the capacities of the three 
actors involved: job seekers, companies (business management) and service providers, through 
specialized services, qualified personnel and recognized tools including theoretical and practical 
tests, v) incorporating a psychosocial care component for victims to address the conditions 
generated by uncertainty and anxiety in the search of income opportunities (this should be 
different from the socio-emotional skills development component), vi) defining protocols for the 
development of each of the components in such a way that the technical characteristics of the 
different inputs are specified and all the actions to be developed are defined, vii) establishing unit 
costs associated with operational and administrative aspects, as well as beneficiary care, viii) 
contracting specialized operators for the execution, establishing minimum scales of operation 
for achieving efficiency in the use of resources (e.g., several entities may execute the 
standardized program with the same executor, seeking efficiency). 
EVALUATION QUESTION 7
R.7.1 Develop a work scheme that 
allows to continue integrating in a 
harmonious and complementary way 
the processes of victims comprehensive 
attention and reparation to the victims 
(associated with the VL), with those of 
justice, truth, humanitarian search, and
rural development (typical of the Final 
Agreement) contributing to the 
generation of conditions of peace and 
coexistence towards national 
reconciliation. (C.7.1, C.7.2)
The USAID program or activity that continues with the task of strengthening the capacities of 
the GoC regarding victims’ comprehensive assistance and reparation, should structure actions 
taking into account i) the type of institution to be strengthened, ii) the territorial scope of 
implementation (national-local), iii) the execution times of the institutional mandates and, iv) the 
particular needs for the provision of goods and services. To achieve this, we recommended 
establishing a baseline that allows identifying i) which topics/tasks to be supported can be 
developed jointly, ii) which topics/tasks to be supported require particular orientations due to 
their technical and operational characteristics and, iii) what articulation mechanisms must be 
included in the structure of the program or activity so that the implemented actions 
complement each other, especially at the territorial level. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.7.2 Develop strategic communication 
actions so that the institutional and 
Strategic communication actions should aim at achieving effective knowledge management 
regarding: i) the nature and scope of the components that constitute the Colombian transitional 
Short-term (up to six 
months)
USAID
113 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
non-institutional actors with whom 
USAID works, especially in the 
territory, acquire comprehensive 
knowledge about the content and the 
scope of the Agency’s support to the 
institutional response to the victims’ 
rights and expectations. (C.7.3)
justice project, especially on the institutions that make up the SIP and the SNARIV and their 
respective articulation around such project and ii) the content and dynamics of the support 
provided by the USAID to the Colombian transitional justice project’s deployment and 
fulfillment of missional objectives. In addition, the strategic communication actions should be 
designed in a way that it addresses experiences and acquires a particular sensitivity as to the 
Colombian context and actions being undertaken to achieve peace and national reconciliation. 
The strategic communications endeavor will allow the work carried out by USAID and the GoC 
to count with greater engagement and execution capacity from the institutional and non￾institutional actors involved or impacted. In order to transmit key messages effectively, we 
recommend that communication actions could be adapted to: i) the types of actors and ii) the 
territorial contextual particularities where the supported institutional response occurs.
R.7.3 For future interventions, maintain 
the focalization scheme for 
comprehensive assistance and 
reparation actions in PDET 
municipalities, to the extent that the 
effectiveness of the transitional 
institutional offer has great potential in 
these areas. (C.7.4)
The work focused on the PDET municipalities would allow a better articulation of the different 
components of satisfaction of the rights of the victims to the extent that the institutional offer is 
contextualized and responds more effectively to the differentiated territorial needs. We 
recommend that future interventions work directly with the Territorial Renewal Agency (ART) 
in i) the definition of areas to be targeted within PDET municipalities, ii) identification of 
potential beneficiaries of comprehensive care and reparation actions, based on ART’s identification of local actors and beneficiaries, iii) the identification of needs associated with the 
work of the SIP institutions whose work continues (JEP, UBPD, Committee for the 
Implementation of CEV recommendations, and other institutional actors at the national and 
local levels), iv) the development of integration schemes for the various actions associated with 
the Colombian transitional justice project. Ultimately, this comprehensive care scheme in the 
territory should allow the articulation of the LV and the Final Agreement.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.7.4 In future support actions, 
consider the particularities of the Final 
Agreement regarding the temporary 
and exceptional nature of its 
institutions and mechanisms for the 
satisfaction of the rights of victims. 
(C.7.5)
In the design of future interventions, the particularities that the institutional response may have 
in terms of execution times of the corresponding mandates and the necessary human resources 
should be considered. In particular, consider that the SIP entities, and especially the actions that 
aim at satisfying the rights to justice and truth of the victims, as well as the humanitarian search 
processes for disappeared persons and the promotion of rural development, have an alternative 
approach to the actions of assistance and integral reparation of the victims, insofar as they are 
components that may require processes with large-scale or collective approaches. In this regard, 
provide for the existence of an adaptation mechanism, both at the design and implementation 
phases, to allow the fast identification of opportunities for institutional strengthening and public 
policy implementation support within the context of the Colombian transitional justice 
mechanisms. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.7.5 Support the GoC in the 
strengthening of participation 
mechanisms so that victims can 
A greater participation of the victims would increase the legitimacy and pertinence of future 
support interventions. Considering the persistence of violence in the territory, we suggest the 
victims’ participation strategy being accompanied by a scheme for the identification and joint 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
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TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
influence the design, adjustment, 
implementation, and evaluation of the 
activities to be developed to strengthen 
the Colombian transitional justice 
project. (C.7.6)
(with the GoC) mitigation of risks associated with the exercise of the defense of victims and 
human rights. 
R.7.6 Support the GoC in the design 
and implementation of actions of 
emotional care that different SIP and 
other GoC agencies have begun to 
implement for their national and 
territorial teams, recognizing the direct 
impact that these have on the 
performance of officials and the quality 
of care for victims. (C.7.7)
In future support interventions, it is relevant to identify the levels of institutional appropriation 
of the emotional care and self-care strategies of the national and territorial officials of the 
agencies that are part of the SIP, as well as other public agencies (e.g., ARN). After this analysis, 
provide support to strategies for the continuity and improvement of its implementation. we 
suggest accompanying the entities in the formalization of these actions as part of the permanent 
actions of human talent management and encouraging periodic measurements of needs and 
results that allow maintaining their relevance.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
EVALUATION QUESTION 8
R.8.1 In future programs, strengthen 
the work for transferring and installing 
long-term strategic capacities in key 
national and local institutions, beyond 
working on the resolution of temporary 
needs that may arise from these allies. 
(C.8.1)
The formulation of long-term support plans should include from its design, specific actions that 
the allies should assume for the sustainability of the results, including strategies for the 
permanent learning, dissemination, and incorporation of the results or products from USAID 
support. These should be built into institutional operation protocols, ensuring that key decision￾makers participate in these strategies.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.8.2 Continue supporting the Public 
Ministry in order to guarantee its 
proper institutional functioning at the 
national, departmental and municipal 
levels in virtue of the effective 
participation, reparation and protection 
of victims. (C.8.1)
Specifically, it is relevant to: i) Continue supporting the Personerías in the processes of electing 
representatives for victims’ roundtables, as in their technical secretariat functions for these, the 
surveillance of municipal administrations and the taking of victims’ statements within the 
comprehensive attention and reparation framework, ii) Strengthen the work of the Attorney 
General’s Office to monitor the implementation of the VL and the Peace Agreement, promoting 
the incorporation of guides, tools and protocols for this purpose, iii) Continue working with the 
Ombudsman, both at the national and regional levels, to protect the defense of human rights in 
territories, as strengthening its capacity to articulate the institutional response for prevention, 
protection, access to justice and guarantees of non-repetition.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
R.8.3 Continue strengthening the VU’s 
capacity to coordinate the public offer 
of services for the comprehensive 
attention and reparation for victims, 
It is relevant to strengthen the VU’s capacities for articulating inter-institutional work through: i) 
Creating mechanisms that streamline coordination processes, ii) Strengthening work networks 
between entities, iii) Consolidating work plans with shared monitoring, follow-up and 
assessment indicators between entities and, iv) Incorporating lessons learned from inter￾Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
115 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
taking into account the renewing of the 
VL until 2031. (C.8.1)
institutional work within the operation of the SNARIV. It is also necessary to support the 
development of guidelines for coordination and joint work, both between SNARIV and ART, 
and SNARIV with the SIP. Finally, we recommend supporting the design and implementation of 
exercises for the optimization of internal processes in the VU with the purpose of relieving 
work teams, increasing response capacity and improving internal articulation between 
directions.
R.8.4 Support victims’ organizations in 
territory as a line of programmatic 
work with equal importance to 
institutional strengthening. (C.8.2)
In addition to supporting victims’ representatives in roundtables, it is pertinent to emphasize 
direct work with communities and organizations beyond these participation scenarios. 
Specifically, we recommend: i) Strengthening the capacities of victims’ organizations, including 
the psychosocial approach, the construction of shared objectives, skills for conflict resolution, 
training for project formulation, resource management and political advocacy; ii) Supporting the 
generation of alliances and work networks between different victims’ organizations in prioritized 
territories. iii) Developing pedagogical processes about the different participation instances and 
the different forms of advocacy by victims in the implementation of general public policy. iv) 
Strengthen the channels of communication and articulation between victims’ organizations and 
the Public Prosecutor’s Office, the local authorities and the security forces to guarantee the 
security of the communities and its leaders.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.8.5 Support the GoC in the 
formulation of clear guidelines on the 
role of the private sector in the 
comprehensive reparation of victims, as 
well as in the construction of peace 
within the framework of the Final 
Agreement. (C.8.2)
This process may consider, among others: i) Linking the productive projects of victims to local 
and regional economies through alliances with private companies for the provision of services, 
goods and supplies (productive agglomerations). This must be done in coordination with the 
MoC, MoA, MoW, SENA, the VU, among others, ii) Exploring public-private alliances for 
developing actions focused on communities affected by the armed conflict, including around 
PIRCs, iii) Continue supporting the Public Employment Service to increase the employability 
rates of victims in the private sector, playing a role of articulator between the government and 
private companies, iv) Promoting the identification of collaborations between the private sector 
and the SIP.
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
USAID
R.8.6 Support the GoC in the design 
and implementation a formal strategy 
for the articulation between different 
cooperation agencies supporting the 
implementation of the VL and the Peace 
Accord, promoting in this, the 
participation of local governments, 
victims’ roundtables and other relevant 
civil society actors at both the national 
and local levels, (C.8.2)
An input for this can be developing jointly with IOM a systematization of experiences that 
identifies the main lessons learned from VISP in its articulation with other USAID programs and 
with other cooperation agencies and donors in the targeted territories. This action can be 
coordinated with USAID’s Regional Integration Strategy, for instance, to create a manual with 
clear procedures and tools for coordination, articulation and joint work across activities and 
with other cooperation agencies. This strategy should formulate a monitoring, follow-up and 
evaluation system. This should be integrated into the monitoring and follow-up activities of 
future USAID support programs for the VL and the Peace Accord. 
Short-term (up to six 
months)
Both
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TABLE 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ACTIONS MATRIX
RECOMMENDATION HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION?
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SUGESTED 
TIMEFRAME (SHORT￾TERM OR MEDIUM￾TERM)
RECOMMENDATION 
IMPLEMENTATION 
RESPONSIBLE 
(USAID, ACTIVITY IP 
OR BOTH)
R.8.7 Continue involving universities 
and research centers in the 
development of projects, as well as in 
exercises for monitoring, follow-up and 
evaluation of processes at the local, 
departmental and national levels, with 
the purpose of strengthening capacities 
in these institutions on issues related to 
attention and the comprehensive
reparation of victims and in the 
implementation of the Peace 
Agreement. (C.8.2)
Specifically, we recommended: i) Strengthening universities integration in the development of 
guides, protocols and strategies for implementing the VL and the Peace Agreement. ii) 
Promoting the consolidation of research centers for the study of issues related to the 
comprehensive reparation of victims, historical memory, transitional justice, income generation 
of victims, differential approach, and organizational strengthening of community bases. iii) 
Consolidating articulated instances of faculties and/or universities, both at the local and national 
levels, to generate incidence of the academy in decision-making scenarios related to the VL and 
the Peace Agreement; iv) Transferring tools for the monitoring, follow-up and evaluation of 
public policy to universities at the regional level, as well as installing capacities for a better 
dissemination and social appropriation of local knowledge. 
Medium-term (up to 
two years)
Both
117 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
ANNEX B - SUPPLEMENTAL ANALYSIS AND DATA
1. ADDITIONAL QUANTITATIVE RESULTS - QUESTION 1
Evaluation question 1 inquiries to what extent do VISP (1) institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of public policies have contributed to improving the assistance and 
service provision towards victims and what were the main successes and challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy interventions. 
In this sense, the proposed quantitative analysis started with the identification of outcome indicators 
that reflect the improvement of these services, directly or indirectly. The analysis comprises different 
topics as registry processes necessary to access the integral reparation route, development of 
information systems, humanitarian assistance delivery, psychosocial and physical rehabilitation services 
implemented through programs as PAPSIVI, EREG and Entrelazando, carried out by the Ministry of 
Health (MOH) and the Victims Unit (VU), and others reparation measures as compensation, collective 
reparations, income generation and employability initiatives. Besides these measures, the analysis 
considers other VISP initiatives that indirectly could have improved the assistance and service provision, 
as those intended to increase victims’ participation, the decentralization of the Victims Law (VL) and its 
diffusion and the design and implementation of Monitoring and follow-up strategies, among others. 
The main idea is to analyze changes in the indicators identified for each topic along VISP implementation 
periods (2013 – 2015 and 2016 – 2021) and between municipalities, considering the targeting process of 
the program and the changes introduced over VISP’s second phase, that prioritize objectives related to 
the implementation of the SIVJRN. 
Although in the evaluation design we had contemplated to use information form administrative records 
and from the VL survey to conduct Difference in Differences estimations to isolate changes resulting 
from VISP initiatives, after carrying out a detailed analysis of VISP projects, implementation 
characteristics and data available, we decided not to include these results for various reasons that result 
in the non-fulfillment of the assumptions that are necessary to obtain valid DID results. In particular:
• Even if VISP municipalities were a reference to target part of the joint work conducted by VISP and 
national agencies, in many cases, the support included other municipalities as well, and in other 
cases, the interventions and developments worked with VISP’s support even reached all the national 
territory. In other cases, projects reached only a subgroup of VISP territories, and these subgroups 
could vary from project to project. As a result of these aspects, the definition of the treatment and 
control groups varies and there are clear spill-over effects. All in all, it is not possible to assume that 
VISP’s initiatives were exclusively implemented in targeted territories. 
• Periods of execution of targeted projects also varied within VISP’s phases, and therefore is not 
possible to define a unique treatment period to carry out robust DID estimates.
• We now present the results of the analysis for each analytical dimension considered in this 
evaluation question. 
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VICTIM’S REGISTRY: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 
One of the strategic projects implemented with VISP support over the first phase of the program 
involved the technical assistance to the National Information Network – RNI, by its acronym in Spanish, 
to improve the interoperability of the Information System - VIVANTO by means of the automation of 
the process of linking information sources of SNARIV institutions to the system, to keep the victims’ 
databases updated and generate data crosschecks in a lower time. 
To evaluate the results for this dimension we use the following indicator Average time between the 
declaration and the evaluation71, relying on the assumption that the strengthening of information systems, 
and the process automation involved, improves the identification processes of victims resulting in a 
timely inclusion on the RUV after the declaration processes has taken place. This indicator was included 
in the AMELP for the program first phase arguing that “once the information system is in place, 
declarations will be submitted and processed online to reduce processing time and comply with the 
stipulations of the Victims Law”. 
The actions carried out in this dimension were implemented at the national level and therefore we 
conduct a descriptive analysis of the indicator without trying to isolate VISP effects on targeted 
municipalities. We use as well other complementary indicators using the VL survey about the 
perception of victims about the declaration process. 
71
TABLE 7. REGISTRY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION OF 
QUESTION 1 
INDICATOR SOURCE
Average time between the declaration and the evaluation Monitor and VU
Percentage of victims who positively evaluate time to inform the inclusion in the RUV MOH
Percentage of victims who positively evaluate the service received (Psychosocial attention) IOM’s victims law survey
AVERAGE TIME BETWEEN THE DECLARATION AND THE EVALUATION 
For this analysis we use two secondary sources of information: we present a simple analysis using the 
information reported in MONITOR for the AMELP indicator and afterwards, using information provided 
by the VU, we extend the analysis at the municipal level. 
Exhibit 36 presents the goal stablished and the observed result for this indicator in VISP municipalities 
using information reported in MONITOR for the period 2013-2015, the 2016 result is excluded because 
there is no goal defined for this year. Between this period the days elapsed between the declaration and 
the decision of inclusion in the RUV passed from 101 in 2013 to 60 in 2015 reaching a 40 percent 
decrease over this period. This is a good result considering that the VU has a maximum legal window of 
Although in the evaluation design we included other indicator in this analytical dimension “Level of progress in the development 
and implementation of information system modules” this indicator only counts the number of modules developed along the 
implementation of the project. Specifically, the goal defined for the project was 9 modules developed and transferred and the
goal was achieved completely according to MONITOR report. 
119 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
60 days to approve or reject the victim’s inclusion in the RUV; that compared with the goal defined 
meant a 91 percent of fulfillment, given the difference of 5 days between the target and the observed 
result for 2015. 
Exhibit 36. Average time between the declaration and the evaluation in VISP municipalities (days).
SOURCE: MONITOR.
To analyze this result in more detail, the evaluation team requested the UV access to this indicator at 
the municipal level for 2013 to 2021. However, the final answer obtained was that this procedure takes 
on average 45 days, but they did not provide the information disaggregated at the municipality or yearly 
level.
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS WHO POSITIVELY EVALUATE TIME TO INFORM THE INCLUSION IN THE RUV
As an alternative to evaluate the time elapsed between the declaration and the notification of the 
inclusion (or not) in the RUV, with the survey applied by IOM in 2016 and 2021, hereinafter VL survey, 
it is possible to obtain a perception indicator that measures the proportion of victims that consider that 
the time for this notification was “good” or “very good”. 
The available information allows us to made analyses in two levels: first, using a Propensity Score 
Matching procedure72, we compare the average result of this indicator in VISP municipalities against a 
comparison group during 2016 and 2021. This is constructed using the sample of surveyed victims in 
control municipalities (Argelia, Simití, Mocoa and Barrancabermeja). In the second level of analysis, we 
analyze changes in the indicator between 2016 and 2021, in the five territories that have information for 
both years73. 
Exhibit 37 presents the average results for the indicator, restricted to matched observations that are 
compared with the results of the comparison group (Non – VISP). 
We found that in 2016 the percentage of victims that evaluate positively the time to be informed about 
the inclusion in the RUV is higher in territories targeted by the program (81 percent), when the 
72 The methodology of this exercise is described in Annex D. 73 This methodology is applied to several indicators included in other analytical dimension.
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comparison is made with victims that have similar socioeconomic characteristics, in non VISP territories 
(71.3 percent). 
In 2021, although there are no VISP specific activities related to improvements in information systems, 
VISP’s second phase municipalities also revealed a higher percentage of victims that evaluate positively 
the time to be informed about the inclusion in the RUV (81.2 percent vs 76.8 percent).
About this result, even if we are aware that VISP interventions related to the improvement of 
Information Systems were carried out at the national level, it is possible that because of other 
geographically targeted actions, the attention process of victims was improved in VISP territories, 
increasing the positive perception about aspects of the declaration process. Nevertheless, we no count 
with a comparable baseline to fully validate this conclusion. 
Exhibit 37. Percentage of victims who positively evaluate time to inform the inclusion in the RUV, 2016 - 2021. (Results with 
PSM) *
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY.
*CORRESPONDS TO THE AVERAGE OF MUNICIPAL RESULTS AFTER CONDUCTING THE PSM
Finally, using the information for those municipalities that remain in the groups for the two VISP phases 
we can analyze the evolution of this indicator over the second phase of the program, to evaluate the 
sustainability of the results. In VISP comparable municipalities the percentage of victims who positively 
evaluate time to inform the inclusion in the RUV shows a moderate increase passing from 78.8 percent 
to 80.6 percent, while in the comparison group there was a higher increase of 5.5 percentage points 
(Exhibit 38). 
121 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 28. Percentage of victims who positively evaluate time to inform the inclusion in the RUV 2016 - 2021. VISP comparable 
municipalities. (Results with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS WHO CONSIDER THAT THE DECLARATION PROCESS WAS CLEAR
With the VL survey, it is also possible to obtain a perception indicator that measures the proportion of 
victims that consider as positive or very positive the clarity of the information provided during the 
declaration process. This is related to the quality of the attention provided in this step of the integral 
reparation route. 
We found that in 2016, the percentage of victims that evaluate positively the clarity of the declaration 
process was higher in territories targeted by the program (90.1 percent), when the comparison is made 
with victims that have similar socioeconomic characteristics, in non VISP territories (73.6 percent). In 
2021, although there are no VISP specific activities related to improvements in information systems, 
VISP’s second phase municipalities revealed a similar percentage than the comparison group (83.6 
percent vs 84.8 percent). 
Exhibit 39. Percentage of victims who considered the declaration process clear, 2016 - 2021. (Results with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
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Finally, using the information for those municipalities that remains in the groups for the two VISP phases 
we can analyze the evolution of this indicator over the second phase of the program, to evaluate the 
sustainability of the results. 
The results indicate that the percentage of victims who consider that the declaration process was clear 
remain almost stable between 2016 -2021 passing from 86 percent to 85.5 percent, while there was an 
important increase in this result in the comparison group where this proportion revealed a growth of 
almost 13 percentage points.
Exhibit 40. Percentage of victims who considered the declaration process clear, 2016 - 2021. VISP comparable municipalities. 
(Results with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION74
VISP supported several processes related to the design and implementation of psychosocial 
rehabilitation services provided to victims during both phases of its implementation. Given the scope of 
this evaluation question, more than analyzing products or results related to each initiative, the objective 
is to present the dynamics of indicators related to the quality of psychosocial rehabilitation services 
comparing VISP and Non-VISP municipalities. The indicators that we use for this analysis are summarized 
in Table 8. 
TABLE 8. PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 1
INDICATOR SOURCE
PAPSIVI Psychosocial Réhabilitation Perception Index MOH
Percentage of victims who positively evaluate the service 
received (Psychosocial attention)
VL survey
74 Other indicators related to the access to psychosocial and physical rehabilitation services are analyzed in evaluation question 
3.
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TABLE 8. PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 1
Percentage of victims who positively evaluate the service 
received (ENTRELAZANDO)
VL survey
Percentage of victims who positively evaluate the service 
received (EREG)
VL survey
PAPSIVI PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION PERCEPTION INDEX 
To provide a more detailed analysis of this index, the evaluation team requested these results to the 
MOH at the municipal level for 2013 – 2021 to make comparisons between VISP and non VISP 
municipalities; nevertheless, the institution only provided the data for the national level and for the 
period 2019 – 2021. As a result, we only analyze this information at the aggregate level gathering the 
results of the PAPSIVI performance evaluation together with the information provided by the MOH. 
Exhibit 41 shows results for the PAPSIVI psychosocial rehabilitation perception index between 2017 and 
2021 as registered I the PAPSIVI follow-up tool. This index summarizes victim’s perception regarding 
how the psychosocial attention helped them to achieve the goals defined for their psychosocial care, 
using five phrases in which they assign a value between one and three, where one means that they 
consider that the attention helped them a little, two refers to a moderate effect, and three to an 
important effect. The final index result is presented in a scale from 1 to 10. 
Between 2017 and 2021, the PAPSIVI psychosocial rehabilitation perception index was situated in a high 
level and evidenced an increase for the familiar modality passing from 8.7 to 9.1. This increase was
similar to that observed in the individual modality, increasing from 8.8 to 9.2. In contrast, in the 
community attention the index fell from 9.1 to 8. 
Exhibit 41. PAPSIVI Psychosocial Rehabilitation Perception Index. 
SOURCE: MOH.
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VICTIMS WHO POSITIVELY EVALUATE PSYCHOSOCIAL SERVICES 
The following analysis is performed using information from the VL survey in 2016 which included 
questions directed to victims who received psychosocial attention from PAPSIVI, EREG and 
Entrelazando75. 
Although we do not have information to compare VISP municipalities with non- VISP territories given 
the limitations of the information captured by the survey, in 2016 more than 80 percent of surveyed 
victims responded that they were satisfied or completely satisfied with the service received. 
Exhibit 42. Percentage of victims who positively evaluate the service received in VISP municipalities, 2016.
SOURCE: VL SURVEY
PHYSICAL REHABILITATION 
Along all its implementation period VISP executed a project to establish and strengthen physical 
rehabilitation services (for persons with disabilities, especially victims) offered by public hospitals (State 
Social Enterprises) in prioritized municipalities. As a result, 29 hospitals received technical support and 
infrastructure investments in physical rehabilitation facilities to institutionalize the service provision and 
to effectively provide this service. 
Indicators to analyze the improvement on physical rehabilitation services provided to victims are 
summarized in table 9. In this case, we use mainly information obtained from a digital survey applied by 
the evaluation team to public hospitals supported by VISP and other public hospitals located in similar 
non VISP municipalities.
75 In the evaluation design we projected to obtain these indicators for VISP and non-VISP surveyed municipalities, but the 
sample collected from people that received these services was lower than planned (53 percent), and therefore these results 
should be interpreted cautiously. Specifically, in the case of people that were part of these programs in the four control 
municipalities the sample collected only ascended to 15 and is not possible to obtain valid results for these territories and the 
planned comparison could not be done. 
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TABLE 9. PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 1
INDICATOR SOURCE
Percentage of victims who positively evaluate physical rehabilitation services VL survey
Percentage of health facilities with VISP interventions that continue with physical rehabilitation 
services
Digital Survey
Percentage of health facilities providing physical rehabilitation services Digital Survey
Percentage of health facilities that report to have mechanisms to incorporate the differential 
approach in services they offer
Digital Survey
Percentage of health facilities that use VIVANTO to identify victims Digital Survey
Percentage of health facilities with VISP interventions that report to link physical rehabilitation 
services to psychosocial attentions
Digital Survey
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS WHO POSITIVELY EVALUATE PHYSICAL REHABILITATION SERVICES 
The following analysis was conducted using information from the VL survey in 2016 which included 
questions directed to victims who received physical rehabilitation services. The limitations of this 
information are the same explained in the previous section and we only count with the indicator for this 
year for VISP municipalities.
According to the survey, the result is similar to those obtained in the case of psychosocial services 
achieving and 84 percent of surveyed victims responding that they were satisfied or completely satisfied 
with the service received. 
PERCENTAGE OF HEALTH FACILITIES WITH VISP INTERVENTIONS THAT CONTINUE WITH PHYSICAL 
REHABILITATION SERVICES 
As we mentioned earlier, to complement the analysis made with secondary sources we applied a digital 
survey to hospitals supported by VISP in relation to the delivery of physical rehabilitation services. The 
survey was applied to 27 hospitals supported by the program and to the same number of hospitals in 
similar municipalities not targeted by the program. This allows us to have a reference group to compare 
the results. After sending the survey, making telephone follow-up calls to get the highest number of 
answers, we received 21 surveys from hospitals supported by VISP (72 percent)76 and 11 for the 
comparison ones (40 percent). 77
About the sustainability of the physical rehabilitation services provided in health facilities supported by 
VISP, we found that while 95.2 percent continue to provide physical rehabilitation services, 5.8 percent 
of these institutions are not providing these anymore.
76 The list of hospitals is presented in the ANNEX. 77 Considering the low rate of response by hospitals non supported by VISP the comparison results could be biased, but the 
analysis conducted in question 3 using the number of attentions provided by these institutions according to information 
provided by the MOH support this positive results. 
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Exhibit 43. Percentage of health facilities with VISP support that continue to provide physical rehabilitation services. 
SOURCE: DIGITAL SURVEY TO HEALTH FACILITIES
PERCENTAGE OF HEALTH FACILITIES PROVIDING DIFFERENT PHYSICAL REHABILITATION SERVICES
For this indicator, computed as well with the digital survey to health facilities, we found that:
• 95.2 percent of VISP supported health facilities provide physiotherapy, while this number in non￾supported institutions was 80 percent.
• 52.4 percent of VISP supported health facilities provide occupational therapy, while this number in 
non-supported institutions was 30 percent.
• 38.1 percent of VISP supported health facilities provide phono audiology therapy, this number in 
non-supported institutions was 30 percent.
Exhibit 44. Percentage of VISP and non VISP health facilities providing different physical rehabilitation services. 
SOURCE: DIGITAL SURVEY TO HEALTH FACILITIES
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PERCENTAGE OF HEALTH FACILITIES THAT REPORT HAVING MECHANISMS TO INCORPORATE THE 
DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH IN THE SERVICES THEY OFFER
For this indicator, computed as well with the aforementioned digital survey, we found that:
• While 85.7 percent of VISP supported health facilities report having mechanisms to incorporate the 
gender differential approach in their attention, this number in non-supported institutions was 63.6 
percent.
• While 66.7 percent of VISP supported health facilities report having mechanisms to incorporate the 
ethnic differential approach in its attention, this number in non-supported institutions was 45.5 
percent.
• While 71.4 percent of VISP supported health facilities report having mechanisms to incorporate the 
children and adolescents’ differential approach in their attention, this number in non-supported 
institutions was 63.6 percent.
• While 85.7 percent of VISP supported health facilities report having mechanisms to incorporate the 
psychosocial differential approach in its attention, this number in non-supported institutions was 
63.5 percent.
Exhibit 45. Percentage of health facilities that report to have mechanisms to incorporate the differential approach in offered 
services. 
SOURCE: DIGITAL SURVEY TO HEALTH FACILITIES
PERCENTAGE OF HEALTH FACILITIES THAT USE VIVANTO TO IDENTIFY VICTIMS 
For this indicator we found that 33 percent of VISP supported health facilities use the VIVANTO system 
to identify victims, and this proportion was higher in the comparison institutions (45.5 percent), showing 
there is a margin of improvement in articulation of physical rehabilitation services with victims’ attention. 
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Exhibit 46. Percentage of health facilities that use VIVANTO to identify victims. 
SOURCE: DIGITAL SURVEY TO HEALTH FACILITIES
PERCENTAGE OF HEALTH FACILITIES WITH VISP INTERVENTIONS THAT REPORT LINKING PHYSICAL 
REHABILITATION SERVICES TO PSYCHOSOCIAL ATTENTIONS 
For this indicator, computed as well with the digital survey, we found that 52 percent of VISP supported 
health facilities report linking physical rehabilitation services with psychosocial services as PAPSIVI, ERE 
or Entrelazando, and this proportion was similar in the comparison institutions (45 percent), showing an 
existing margin of improvement in articulation of physical rehabilitation services with victims’ attention. 
Exhibit 47. Percentage of health facilities with interventions that report linking physical rehabilitation services to psychosocial 
attentions. 
SOURCE: DIGITAL SURVEY TO HEALTH FACILITIES
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS WHO CONSIDER THAT THE PROCESS TO ACCESS TO REHABILITATION 
SERVICES WAS CLEAR (CROSS-CUTTING)
Using the VL survey it is possible to obtain this indicator for 2016 and 2021 for VISP municipalities 
comprising psychosocial, psychological, and physical services. Although targeted territories vary from 
one year to another, five of them (Medellín, Apartadó, Riosucio, Popayán and Pasto) remain in the 
129 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
targeted group along the full implementation period. As a result, an aggregate result of the indicator is 
computed and compared78. 
Exhibit 48 presents the result for both program phases in VISP municipalities. In both cases the 
percentage of victims who declared that the process to access the rehabilitation services was clear, was 
83 percent for phase I and 93.2 percent for phase II. However, it is worth considering that these results 
are not entirely comparable, given the change in VISP targeted territories from one phase to another. 
Exhibit 48. Percentage of victims who consider that the process to access rehabilitation services was clear.
SOURCE: IOMS VICTIMS LAW SURVEY – 2016 AND 2021.
We estimate the same indicator including only the five comparable territories. Results are presented in 
Exhibit 49. The percentage of victims who declared that the process to access the rehabilitation 
services was clear, increased in 8.6 percentage points, passing from 86.6 percent to 95.1 percent, 
evidencing a positive change in the perception of victims about this process, that could be associated to 
the improvement of processes related to rehabilitation services provision. 
Exhibit 49. Percentage of victims who consider the process to access rehabilitation services clear in VISP comparable 
municipalities.
SOURCE: IOMS VICTIMS LAW SURVEY – 2016 AND 2021.
78 According to the analysis proposed in the evaluation design, the original idea was to obtain this indicator for Non VISP 
municipalities that could have been used as a comparison group, but given that the question about the clarity of this process is 
only applied to those who access rehabilitation services, the sample collected in these territories is too small in both years to 
obtain representative results or to conduct an appropriate matching procedure. As a result, we only present the results for this 
indicator for VISP municipalities omitting the PSM and DID analyses.
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OTHER REPARATION MEASURES: COMPENSATION 
The initiatives directed to strengthen registry and identification processes of the victims have an impact 
in activities related to the prioritizing and assignment of administrative reparations (financial 
compensation). In addition to this, VISP also supported projects directly related to this reparation 
measure during both phases of the program. 
For example, in the first phase, VISP supported the VU in the development and operationalization of the 
Companion Program, a strategy to offer guidance to victims who receive financial reparations, with the 
objective of recipients investing these resources in goods or services such as education, housing, income 
generation or land. During the second phase, the program developed other activities as the 
simplification of the documentation process to receive the compensation in targeted municipalities and 
supporting the Rapid Response Strategy through the strengthening of the compensation delivery 
mechanism79. 
To identify improvements in the delivery of the financial compensation to victims we analyze the 
following indicators: 
TABLE 10. COMPENSATION INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 1
INDICATOR SOURCE
Percentage of victims who consider that the process to receive the 
administrative compensation was clear
VL survey
Number of financial reparation transfers sent by the VU MONITOR and VU 
Number of departments in which the Companion Program is operational MONITOR
Number of indemnified victims who access the Companion Program VU
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS WHO CONSIDER THAT THE PROCESS TO RECEIVE THE ADMINISTRATIVE 
COMPENSATION WAS CLEAR
Using the VL survey it is possible to obtain this indicator for 2016 and 2021 for VISP municipalities80. 
Exhibit 50 presents the result for program phase in VISP targeted municipalities. In both cases the 
percentage of victims who received the compensation and declared that the process to access this 
reparation measure was clear, was above of 70 percent, although it should be mentioned that these 
results are not entirely comparable given the change in VISP targeted territories from one phase to 
another. 
79 For additional detail about this projects see: VISP-R3-1024 , VISP-R3-1391 and VISP-R3-1337. 80 According to the analysis proposed in the evaluation design, the original idea was to obtain this indicator for Non VISP 
municipalities that could have been used as a comparison group, but given that the question about the clarity of the 
indemnization process is only applied to those who received the financial compensation and this measure has a low coverage, 
the sample collected in this territories is too small in both years to obtain representative results or to conduct an appropriate 
matching procedure. As a result, we only present the results for this indicator for VISP municipalities omitting the PSM and DID 
analyses.
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Exhibit 50. Percentage of victims who consider the process to receive the compensation clear.
SOURCE: IOMS VICTIMS LAW SURVEY – 2016 AND 2021.
We estimate the same indicator including only for the five comparable territories. Results are presented 
in Exhibit 51. In VISP municipalities, that remain targeted over both phases, the percentage of victims 
who received the compensation and declared that the process to access this reparation measure was 
clear, decreased 21.5 percentage points, passing from 83.2 percent to 61.7 percent. This demonstrates a 
negative significant change in the perception of victims about this process, that could be associated to a 
reduction in the quality of the attention regarding this reparation measure and a lack sustainability of 
measures supported by VISP. 
Exhibit 51. Percentage of victims who consider the process to receive compensation clear in VISP comparable municipalities.
SOURCE: IOMS VICTIMS LAW SURVEY – 2016 AND 2021.
NUMBER OF FINANCIAL REPARATION TRANSFERS SENT BY THE VICTIMS UNIT – MONITOR
VISP included within AMELP indicators the number of compensations transferred to victims, setting 
yearly goals for the full implementation period. According to the data reported in MONITOR, the goals 
were reached for every year, achieving at least a 100 percent of fulfillment. 
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Exhibit 52. Number of financial reparation transfers sent by the VU in VISP municipalities.
SOURCE: MONITOR.
In addition, as shown in Exhibit 53, when we analyze this data by gender, we encountered that over the 
period 2013-2016 (VISP phase I) 66 percent of the compensations transferred were directed to women, 
this proportion for the period 2017 - 2021 was 53 percent.
Exhibit 53. Distribution of financial reparation transfers sent by the Victims Unit in VISP municipalities by gender.
SOURCE: MONITOR.
Regarding this analysis, we are aware that even if it is useful to have a broad picture of VISP’s 
performance in terms of the goals defined, the analysis is limited in terms of answering whether VISP 
initiatives improved in some way the delivery of the administrative reparation measure. Nevertheless, 
although the initial idea was to analyze the dynamic of financial reparations at the municipal level, the VU 
did not provide the data at this disaggregation level, making it impossible to conduct a more detailed 
analysis. 
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NUMBER OF INDEMNIFIED VICTIMS WHO ACCESS THE COMPANION PROGRAM 
As we mentioned above, VISP supported the VU in the development and operationalization of the 
Companion Program over its first phase, a strategy to offer guidance to victims who receive financial 
reparations to invest these resources properly, setting as a goal operationalizing the program in five 
departments in 2015. According to the information reported in MONITOR, the goal was completely 
achieved, and the departments of Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, Magdalena and Nariño implemented the 
strategy in 2015.
The operationalization of the strategy implied that the indemnified victims developed a life plan, agreed 
to a companion strategy and accessed VU workshops on financial education, training replication, etc. and 
were referred to services such as higher education, housing, employment, lines in which they could 
voluntarily invest their compensation resources81. 
Exhibit 54 summarizes information provided by the VU about the number of victims attending 
workshops in the implementation of the Companion Program. The data shows that the program reach 
the maximum number of attentions in 2016 with 77.8 thousand victims attending workshops. However, 
the program lost importance and reach only 7.3 thousand victims in 2020, even when according to 
information of the VU during this year the number of compensations reached its peak82. 
Exhibit 54. Number of victims that participate in workshops of the Companion Program.
SOURCE: VU.
81 PIRS of the AMELP indicator “Number of departments in which the Companion Program is operational”.
82 The initial idea was to compute coverage of the companion program, but the data sent is not restricted to the holder of the 
indemnization reparation measure and therefore for some years the number of people attending workshops is significantly 
higher than the number of indemnizations transferred. As a result is not possible to obtain reliable coverage rates.
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OTHER REPARATION MEASURES: COLLECTIVE REPARATION PLANS 
Along all the implementation period, VISP executed different projects to strength the route for 
collective reparation of the VU. During VISP’s first phase (2013 – 2015), activities aimed to optimize the 
route design and implementation were implemented, including the inclusion of the reconciliation 
approach, the training of public servants of territorial directorates of the VU in the use of collective 
reparation methodologies and tools, the support of organizations in their collective reparation 
processes and the implementation of 5 collective reparation plans in VISP municipalities. 
Over VISP’s second phase (2016 – 2022), the activities supported by the program were mostly directed 
to the design of pedagogical tools for the formulation of the Integral Plans for Collective Reparation – 
PIRC using the MGA methodology, and the training of public servants of the Collective Reparations 
Directorate of the VU in this methodology. Other territorial targeted activities were executed to 
strength the technical capabilities of VISP municipalities (Túmaco and Policarpa) in the implementation of 
the collective reparation route. Nonetheless, for this period AMELP output or performance indicators 
were not defined, while for VISP’s first phase, there were indicators. 
To identify improvements in the implementation of collective reparation plans to victims we analyze the 
following indicator83. 
TABLE 11. COLLECTIVE REPARATION INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 1
INDICATOR SOURCE
Level of development of collective reparation plans in VISP targeted municipalities MONITOR
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF COLLECTIVE REPARATION PLANS IN VISP TARGETED MUNICIPALITIES 
The first level of analysis of VISP performance is to evaluate the results achieved in the AMELP indicator 
related to this reparation measure, for which is important to define the different levels of development 
of the collective reparation plans. Six levels were defined to indicate the level of development of the 
collective reparation plans: 1) the collective subject has been identified, 2) the collective subject has been 
approached, 3) feasibility analysis, 4) the collective damages have been identified, 5) identification of 
reparation measures, 6) budgeting of the reparation measures, 7) commitment of public and/or private 
partners to support the plan.
As we can see in table 12, VISP stablished as final goal that 5 collective reparation plans would reach 
level five of development (i.e., the plans are budgeted). VISP achieved an 80 percent of fulfillment of this 
goal reaching level 6 in 4 collective reparation plans. It should be mentioned that the levels of 
83 The projected analysis in the evaluation design included the following indicators: i) number of collective reparation plans 
approved, ii) number of collective reparations plans integrally implemented in the planned schedule for victims’ subjects to 
collective reparation or in the reparation collective plan, and iii) number of victims subject to collective reparation registered 
due to forced displacement. However, this information provided the VU in this field, was limited to Collective Reparation 
Subjects that attended the emotional recovery strategy Entrelazando, but not the one related to the collective reparation plans 
implementation.
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development defined do not imply that the reparations plans were implemented, and therefore we will 
try to stablish if those were effectively approved or implemented, with the analysis of other indicators 
included in this section.
TABLE 12. LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF COLLECTIVE REPARATION PLANS IN VISP TARGETED 
MUNICIPALITIES. TARGET AND OBSERVED RESULTS.
FISCAL YEAR TARGET OBSERVED
2013
4 collective reparation subjects are approached (level 1) 12 collective reparation 
plans are identified (Level 0)
2 in Level 1
2014
5 collective reparation subjects have a feasibility analysis and the collective 
damages, and the reparation measures have been identified (level 4)
1 in Level 0
1 in Level 1
1 in Level 2
2 in Level 5
2015
5 collective reparations plans have a Budget (Level 5), and 3 of them have 
committed partners (Level 6)
1 in Level 0
1 in Level 2
1 in Level 3
4 in Level 6
LOP 5 collective reparations plans have a budget (Level 5), and 3 of them have 
committed partners (Level 6)
4 in Level 6
SOURCE: PIRS INDICATOR, VISP AMELP REPORT.
OTHER REPARATION MEASURES: CROSS-CUTTING ANALYSIS
Another way to approximate us to answer in which measure VISP improved the assistance and service 
provision toward victims is to analyze information that comprehend the integral reparation measures in 
an aggregated manner. Using the VL survey it is possible to obtain the percentage of victims who are 
aware of reparation measures, indicators that can be understood as a proxy of an adequate socialization 
of victim’s public policy in matters related to the reparation component of the VL. Although this 
indicator reflects results of activities conducted to communicate the VL’s reach, we analyzed it here 
where we are discussing this topic, while other indicators related to socialization tasks will be analyzed 
later in this chapter. 
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS AWARE OF REPARATIONS MEASURES 
We found that in 2016, the percentage of victims aware of reparations measures was higher in 
territories targeted by the program (38 percent), when the comparison is made with victims that have 
similar socioeconomic characteristics, in non VISP territories (19 percent). 
In 2021, VISP’s second phase municipalities revealed a higher percentage of victims as well aware of 
reparations measures than the comparison group (51.3 percent vs 40 percent).
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Exhibit 55. Percentage of victims aware of reparations measures, 2016 - 2021. (Results with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
Finally, using the information for those municipalities that remain during the two VISP phases, we can 
analyze the evolution of this indicator over the second phase of the program, to evaluate the 
sustainability of the results. 
Between 2016 and 2021 VISP comparable municipalities revealed an increase as well in the percentage of 
victims aware of reparation measures that passed from 40.2 percent to 49.8 percent. Nevertheless, this 
change was lower than the increase evidenced in the comparison group where this proportion grew 
almost 18 percent percentage points. 
Exhibit 56. Percentage of victims aware of reparation measures, 2016 - 2021. VISP comparable municipalities. (Results with 
PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
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SATISFACTION AND NON-REPETITION MEASURES: HISTORICAL MEMORY
Along all of VISP’s implementation period the program executed different projects to strengthen the 
CNMH to provide support to local memory initiatives. Over VISP’s first phase (2013 – 2015) activities 
included: stablishing a base line of memory initiatives and to identify technical and financial supports from 
the private sector and the international cooperation, the development of tools for the planning, 
management and evaluation of actions of the CNMH, the teaching and social appropriation of memory 
reports and systematization of experiences, and the promotion of local capacities for the development 
of actions aimed at the reconstruction of historical memory, among others. For this phase VISP defined 
two AMELP indicators related to the support of grass-root initiatives and the population awareness on 
truth and historical memory. Over VISP’s second phase (2016 – 2022), the program extended the 
execution of one project to strength the National Observatory of Memory and Conflict, but did not 
define AMELP indicators and goals related to historical memory initiatives. 
To identify results related to the building of historical memory we analyze the following indicators. 
TABLE 13. HISTORICAL MEMORY INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 1
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of historical memory and truth grassroots initiatives supported by the CNMH in VISP municipalities MONITOR
Percentage of awareness in historical memory VL survey
NUMBER OF HISTORICAL MEMORY AND TRUTH GRASSROOTS INITIATIVES SUPPORTED 
BY THE CNMH IN VISP MUNICIPALITIES
As we mentioned earlier, one of the AMELP indicators to measure progress in this area was the number 
of initiatives carried out by groups that emerged from victimized communities to promote different 
activities at the local level (grassroots) in historical memory and truth in territories targeted by the 
program. Between 2013 and 2016, VISP supported 28 grassroot initiatives surpassing the goal set by 4, 
that result in a fulfillment of 116 percent. 
Exhibit 57. Number of historical memory and truth grassroots initiatives supported by the CNMH in VISP municipalities. 
SOURCE: MONITOR
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PERCENTAGE OF AWARENESS OF HISTORICAL MEMORY
We found that in 2016, the percentage of victims aware of historical memory initiatives in VISP 
municipalities and in the comparison, group reached a low-level 4.1 percent and 4.9 percent 
respectively. These results indicate a limited territorial reach of CNMH initiatives in municipalities 
reached by the program. In 2021, although relatively higher, this proportion remain in low levels in 
VISP’s second phase municipalities (5.7 percent) and in the comparison group (3.2 percent). 
Exhibit 58. Percentage of victims aware of historical memory initiatives, 2016 -2021. (Results with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
Finally, using the information for those municipalities that remain in the groups for the two VISP phases 
we can analyze the evolution of this indicator over the second phase of the program, to evaluate the 
sustainability of the results.
Between 2016 and 2021, In VISP comparable municipalities the percentage of victims aware of historical 
memory evidenced a moderate increase passing from 3 percent to 4.4 percent, while in the comparison 
group inversely showed a moderate fall passing from 4.3 percent to 3 percent.
Exhibit 59. Percentage of victims aware of historical memory initiatives. VISP comparable municipalities. (Results with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
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VICTIMS’ PARTICIPATION 
Some of the most strategic initiatives carried out by VISP at the territorial level were related to the 
strengthening of victim’s participation and the operationalization of mechanisms and spaces designed to 
guarantee it. Over the program’s first phase, VISP executed several projects that contributed to the 
dissemination and socialization of the Protocol for the Effective Participation of Victims, the promotion 
of the process of registration and the elections of the Effective Participation Roundtables, the 
strengthening of the system of participation of victims and their organizations in dialogue spaces 
stablished by the VL, the strengthening of UV’s Participation Sub Directorate through mechanisms and 
tools that allow the participation of victims, among others. 
Over the program’s second phase, VISP maintained the support to the operability of the participation 
protocol and the functioning of the roundtables for the effective participation of victims, extending its 
activities to the participation of victims in PDET spaces derived from the peace accord. 
About this dimension, it should be noted that the support to victims’ participation was one of the topics 
that remain prioritized over the two phases of the program, and as a result the AMELP indicator defined 
to track the progress in this ambit “Number of municipalities that develop actions for the 
Implementation of the participation protocol” has goals for the period 2014 to 2020. 
To identify VISP results in victims’ participation we analyze the following indicators. 
TABLE 14. VICTIMS’ PARTICIPATION INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 1
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of municipalities that develop actions for the Implementation of the participation 
protocol MONITOR
Percentage of victims who report participation in victims’ roundtables or victims’ 
organizations VL survey.
NUMBER OF MUNICIPALITIES THAT DEVELOP ACTIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 
PARTICIPATION PROTOCOL
According to results reported in MONITOR, in this AMELP indicator was observed a 100 percent of 
fulfillment given the fact that VISP initiatives in this matter, covered the 22 targeted municipalities at the 
end of the period. This indicator reflects as well that the reach of victim’s participation initiatives at the 
territorial level, over 2015 and 2016 was limited to a low number of VISP territories, reaching only the 
municipalities of la Montañita, Cartagena del Chairá, Popayán, Montería y Tierralta, while after 2016 the 
goal defined extended to all VISP municipalities. 
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Exhibit 60. Number of municipalities that develop actions for the Implementation of the participation protocol. 
SOURCE: MONITOR
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS WHO REPORT PARTICIPATION IN VICTIMS’ ROUNDTABLES OR VICTIMS’ 
ORGANIZATIONS
The VL survey included a question about the participation of the victims in roundtables or organizations 
that is useful to analyze this dynamic in VISP municipalities. Although the question was included in 2016 
and 2021, in the first round of the survey the information is not reliable, as from the sample of 4,857 
individuals, this question only has information for 158 victims where four of them declared to participate 
in these spaces and the remain 154 answered negatively, for the other 4669 victims the database 
contains missing values84; for this reason, it is only possible to analyze results for 2021. 
We found that in 2021, the percentage of victims who report participation is higher in VISP 
municipalities (10.8 percent), when the comparison is made with victims that have similar socioeconomic 
characteristics, in non VISP territories (5.3 percent). 
Exhibit 61. Percentage of victims who report participation in victims’ roundtables or victims’ organizations – 2021. (Results with 
PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
84 A consultation was made to IOM about this situation, and they explained that the missing values corresponded as well to 
negative answers. Nevertheless, comparing this data to the results of 2021 it is more probable that the information for this 
question was not collected in a proper way in 2016. 
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INCLUSION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH: ETHNIC GROUPS
Over the program’s first phase, activities to promote the participation of ethnic groups in the 
committees for transitional justice were implemented in conjunction with other actions to increase the 
incidence of this groups in planning instruments at the municipal level. Specifically, VISP executed 
projects aimed to the incorporation of the ethnic approach in terms of participation of ethnic subjects in 
VISP Departments (Magdalena, Antioquia, Sucre, Córdoba, Chocó and Bogotá), and the strengthening of 
processes of participation and incidence of ethnic victims in the planning of the territorial entities, 
among others. 
As a result, the program stablished goals to track the advance in this matter in the AMELP plan, including 
an outcome indicator “Percentage of municipal Transitional Justice Committees (CJT) with afro descendant and 
indigenous authorities” that we use to analyze this dimension.
As shown in Exhibit 62, VISP stablished as goal to achieve 33 percent of CJT’s including afro descendant 
and indigenous authorities from 2014 to 2016. In the case of afro descendant authorities over these 
three years there was a 139 percent target fulfillment and in the case of indigenous authorities, it 
reached 85 percent of fulfillment. 
Exhibit 62. Percentage of municipal Transitional Justice Committees (CJT) with afro descendant and indigenous authorities. 
SOURCE: MONITOR.
INCLUSION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH: VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Over its first implementation phase, VISP carried out several actions to strengthen attention routes and 
comprehensive reparations with female victims of sexual violence, including the training of civil servants 
on topics related to victims’ rights and attention and reparation routes, the strengthening of 
base organizations for emotional welcoming and accompaniment in the declaration and legal 
reporting processes for victims of sexual violence, the legal reporting and declaration sessions of sexual 
violence cases; and social mobilization in terms of consciousness on the crime of sexual violence against 
women in the armed conflict.
In the second phase of the program VISP continued to support initiatives in this matter, with the 
execution of projects aimed to the information management of the experiences supported by VISP for 
the reparation of victims of sexual violence in the context of the conflict, the strengthening of the 
Ombudsman’s Office for the care and guidance of victims of sexual violence, local support for the 
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implementation of the VU strategy in favor of victims of sexual violence, and the dissemination and 
public socialization of the results of the National Report on Sexual Violence in the Armed Conflict. 
To identify VISP’s results in this field we analyze the following indicators.
TABLE 15. VICTIMS’ PARTICIPATION INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 1
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of VISP municipalities that have strengthened attention and reparation routes for 
female victims of sexual violence (VISP first phase) MONITOR
Number of victims of sexual violence who participate in the comprehensive reparation 
strategy (VISP second phase) MONITOR
Percentage of awareness on sexual violence and victims’ rights in VISP target 
municipalities VL survey.
NUMBER OF VISP MUNICIPALITIES THAT HAVE STRENGTHENED ATTENTION AND REPARATION 
ROUTES FOR FEMALE VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE
This indicator measures the number of targeted municipalities that developed actions described earlier 
in this section between 2014 and 2016. For the first two years, the goals were fulfilled reaching three 
targeted municipalities (Montería, Apartadó y Turbo) in 2014, while in 2015 the goal increased to 16 
territories, reaching 21 overpassing the planned result. Nevertheless in 2016, the percentage of 
fulfillment was 57 percent, evidencing difficulties in the execution of the action plan of the program in 
this field. 
Exhibit 63. Number of VISP municipalities that have strengthened attention and reparation routes for female victims of sexual 
violence.85
SOURCE: MONITOR.
85 For the cumulative result (LOP) in the PIRS of the indicator is referenced the same result of 2016.
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NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE PARTICIPATING IN THE COMPREHENSIVE REPARATION 
STRATEGY
This indicator measures the number of beneficiaries of a strategy in charge of the VU that sought to 
open spaces for construction and dialogue between participants, as well as to strengthen life projects 
within a three-month period. The indicator is calculated for seven VISP municipalities where the strategy 
was developed (Medellín, Apartadó, Florencia, Popayán, Quibdó, Pasto y Montería). Although the 
indicator revealed a percentage of fulfillment above 85 percent in 2017 and 2018, in 2019 the VU 
decided to put the strategy in stand-by truncating the advance in the attention, and overall, the goal 
stablished for these years, reached only 60 percent.
Exhibit 64. Number of victims of sexual violence participating in the comprehensive reparation strategy. 
SOURCE: MONITOR.
PERCENTAGE OF AWARENESS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS’ RIGHTS
We found that in 2016, the percentage of victims aware of sexual violence is moderately higher in VISP 
municipalities (44.9 percent), when the comparison is made with victims that have similar socioeconomic 
characteristics in non VISP territories (43 percent). In 2021, this percentage was relatively lower in VISP 
territories (62.6 percent vs 63.9 percent). 
Exhibit 65. Percentage of awareness of sexual violence and victims’ rights, 2016-2021. (Results with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
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Using the information for those municipalities included in both of VISP’s phases, we can analyze the 
evolution of this indicator to evaluate the sustainability of the results. 
Between 2016 and 2021 in VISP comparable territories the proportion of victims aware of sexual 
violence passed from 44.7 percent to 62.3 percent, showing a similar dynamic in non VISP territories 
where this proportion increased from 44.5 percent to 65.2 percent, revealing a generalized growth in 
the awareness of sexual violence that transcends VISP targeted territories. 
Exhibit 66. Percentage of awareness of sexual violence and victims’ rights, 2016 - 2021. VISP comparable municipalities. (Results 
with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
INCLUSION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH: DISABILITY
During its first phase VISP executed a project to strengthen and increase the reporting of the disability 
condition of victims in the RUV, the Plan of Attention, Attention and Comprehensive Reparation PAARI, 
the Registry of Location and Characterization of Persons with Disabilities (RLCPD) and the registry of 
mine victims of the Presidential Program for Action against Mines (IMSMA - PAICMA). The project 
including training of public officials, reparations liaisons, along with other contractors, in identifying and 
evaluating disabilities as well as in the use of the RLCPD database, it also included the design and 
implementation of a communication campaign targeting disabled victims and their families, and another 
campaign targeting public officials and reparations liaisons responsible for supporting the registration 
process.
In this context, to analyze the final effect of this activity we analyze information provided by the VU to 
determine if the number of victims registered in the RLCPD experienced an increase between 2013 and 
2019 at the national level and in VISP municipalities targeted by the project (Medellín, Apartadó, Turbo, 
Cartagena, Popayán, Quibdó, Riohacha and Santa Marta)86, for this analysis we use the proportion of 
people registered in the RLCPD included in the RUV. 
86 In 2020 the RLCPD suffered changes in the validation and certification process to include people in its database and therefore 
the data for this year is not comparable and we exclude it from the analysis. 
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We found that the proportion of people registered in RLCPD that is also included in the RUV increased 
3.4 percentage points between 2013 and 2019 passing from 4.1 percent to 7.5 percent. In VISP 
municipalities targeted by the project, this proportion increased 5 percentage points, passing from 3 
percent to 8 percent in the same period. The following picture shows that the gap between VISP and 
national level percentages closed.
Exhibit 67 . Proportion of people registered in the RLCPD included in the RUV, 2013 – 2019.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
DECENTRALIZATION OF VICTIMS LAW: STRENGTHENING LOCAL ENTITIES CAPACITIES
Throughout all of VISP’s implementation period, the program worked with the Ministry of Interior in the 
design and implementation of a model to strengthen local capacities to implement the VL. This initiative 
was executed in seven phases between 2016 and 2021, incorporating progressively in each phase 
different municipalities, reaching 81 local mayors’ offices in 24 departments (table 16). 
TABLE 16. MUNICIPALITIES REACHED BY THE MODEL TO STRENGTHEN LOCAL CAPACITIES TO 
IMPLEMENT THE VL BY PHASE
PHASE DEPARTAMENT MUNICIPALITIES
Phase 1 (2016 Semester I
– 2017 Semester II)
La Guajira San Juan del César
La Guajira Dibulla
Chocó Istmina
Norte de Santander Convención
Norte de Santander Tibú
Sucre San Onofre
Sucre Ovejas
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TABLE 16. MUNICIPALITIES REACHED BY THE MODEL TO STRENGTHEN LOCAL CAPACITIES TO 
IMPLEMENT THE VL BY PHASE
PHASE DEPARTAMENT MUNICIPALITIES
Putumayo Orito
Putumayo Valle del Guamez
Phase 2 (2017 Semester I
– 2017 Semester II)
Bolívar Cantagallo 
Bolívar Simití
Bolívar San Pablo
Cauca Argelia
Cauca El Tambo
Cauca Guapi
Meta Uribe
Meta Mapiripán
Meta Vista Hermosa
Nariño Roberto Payán
Nariño Samaniego 
Phase 3 (2017 Semester II
– 2018 Semester I)
Córdoba Puerto Libertador
Córdoba San Bernardo del Viento
Córdoba Tierralta
César San Alberto
César La Paz
Cundinamarca Caparrapí 
Cundinamarca Cabrera
Guaviare Miraflores
Guaviare San José del Guaviare
Casanare Sácama 
Casanare Trinidad
Antioquia Segovia
Phase 4 (2017 Semester II
– 2018 Semester II)
Antioquia Anorí
Antioquia Dabeiba
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TABLE 16. MUNICIPALITIES REACHED BY THE MODEL TO STRENGTHEN LOCAL CAPACITIES TO 
IMPLEMENT THE VL BY PHASE
PHASE DEPARTAMENT MUNICIPALITIES
Antioquia Ituango 
Antioquia Remedios
Antioquia Vigia del Fuerte
Cauca Caldono
Cauca Buenos Aires
Cauca Miranda
Nariño Policarpa
Caquetá San Vicente
Phase 5 (2018 Semester II
– 2020 Semester I)
Antioquia Cáceres
Antioquia Zaragoza 
Antioquia El Bagre
Arauca Puerto Rondón
Arauca Cravo Norte
Caldas Aguadas 
Caldas Pensilvania
Magdalena Guamal 
Magdalena Zona Bananera
Quindío Montenegro
Risaralda Pueblo Rico
Santander El Playón
Santander Puerto Wilches
Tolima Cunday
Tolima Roncesvalles
Valle del Cauca Bugalagrande 
Valle del Cauca Roldanillo
Phase 6 (2019 Semester I
– 2020 Semester II)
Antioquia Briceño
Antioquia Carepa
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SOURCE: IOM.
The execution of each phase was done through the implementation of a four-step procedure that 
initiated with i) the diagnosis of institutional capabilities of the municipality, followed by the ii) 
formulation of a strengthening project for each mayor’s office, iii) its implementation, and iv) the 
verification of results. The initiative targeted the institutional capability to implement VL in four 
dimensions: technical capability, administrative capability, management capabilities and coordination 
capability, that we explain below.
• Technical capacity: institutionalization of Victims Public Policy (VPP) regarding the adequacy of 
procedures and functions manuals, existence of a dependency in charge of VPP, human resources 
TABLE 16. MUNICIPALITIES REACHED BY THE MODEL TO STRENGTHEN LOCAL CAPACITIES TO 
IMPLEMENT THE VL BY PHASE
PHASE DEPARTAMENT MUNICIPALITIES
Caquetá Albania
Caquetá Belén de los Andaquíes
Cauca Corinto
Chocó Condoto
Chocó Nóvita
Córdoba San José de Uré
Córdoba Valencia
Nariño Leiva
Nariño Ricaurte 
Valle del Cauca Trujillo
Phase 7 (2020 Semester I
– 2021 Semester I)
Antioquia Chigorodó
Antioquia Necoclí
Bolívar María La Baja
Bolívar San Jacinto 
Chocó Riosucio
Cundinamarca Pacho
Cundinamarca San Antonio de Yacopí
Cundinamarca Viotá
Valle del Cauca Buenaventura
Valle del Cauca Dagua 
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and level of technical training, functioning of the Transitional Justice Committee (CTJT), and the 
current state of planning tools (Territorial Action Plans and strategic action plans of the VPP). 
• Administrative capacity: existence of adequate and exclusive spaces to victims’ attention with the 
necessary endowments. 
• Management capacity: existence of procedures to identify and use strategic information (risk factors, 
victims’ universe and characteristics, management of information to report in Information systems 
and use of the local management tool (HGL). 
• Coordination capacity: existence of guarantees for the victims’ roundtables participation and its work 
plan, articulation with public and private stakeholders of VPP at the national, departmental, and 
municipal level and existence of management of investment projects that intends to improve victims’ 
attention. 
To measure advances in these four dimensions, IOM designed an index of capacity to implement victims’ 
law that provided us straightforward information to evaluate results of the tasks conducted in this 
matter.
INDEX OF CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT VICTIMS’ LAW: AGGREGATE RESULTS
Analyzing the aggregate index (with exception of the first phase, due to methodological changes), the 
numbers show a rise of the institutional capacity in each phase that in average represented a 21.8 
percentage point increase and a percentage increase of 54.6 percent. The highest increase in the index 
was evidenced during the second phase of the project, when the index grew 30.4 points with a 
percentage growth of 119 percent, while the smallest change (excluding phase I) was observed during 
the third phase when the difference was of 17.1 points that represented a growth rate of 30.9 percent.87 
Exhibit 68. Index of capacity to implement Victims’ law. 
SOURCE: IOM.
87 Each phase was executed sequentially with different groups of municipalities, in this sense, besides preexistent territorial 
differences, an explanation of the fact that the base line in each phase is higher than in the previous one is that regardless of the 
territorialization project, actions of the VU and other SNARIV institutions were previously implemented to improve the 
territorial capacities to implement the VL since its promulgation in 2011. 
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INDEX OF CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT VICTIMS’ LAW: TECHNICAL CAPACITY
Analyzing the technical sub index, with exception of the first phase, the numbers show an increase of 
the technical capacity in each phase that in average represented a 16.2 percentage points increase and a 
percentage growth of 40.3 percent. The highest increase in the index was evidenced during the second 
phase of the project, when the index grew 28.1 points with a percentage growth of 279.8 percent, while 
the smallest change (excluding phase I) was observed during the seventh phase when the difference was 
of 20.4 points that represented a growth rate of 20.4 percent. 
Exhibit 69. Index of capacity to implement Victims’ law: technical. 
SOURCE: IOM.
INDEX OF CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT VICTIMS’ LAW: ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY
Analyzing the administrative sub index, with exception of the first phase, the numbers show an increase 
of the administrative capacity in each phase that in average represented a 40.7 percentage points 
increase and a percentage growth of 113 percent. The highest increase in the index was evidenced 
during the fifth phase of the project, when the index grew 85.9 points with a percentage growth of 890 
percent, while the smallest change (excluding phase I) was observed during the fourth phase when the 
difference was of 18.4 points that represented a growth rate of 33.4 percent. 
Exhibit 70. Index of capacity to implement Victims’ law: administrative. 
SOURCE: IOM.
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INDEX OF CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT VICTIMS’ LAW: MANAGEMENT CAPACITY
Analyzing the management sub index, with exception of the first phase, the numbers show an increase of 
the managerial capacity in each phase that in average represented a 16.9 percentage points increase and 
a percentage growth of 46.5 percent. The highest increase in the index was evidenced during the 
seventh phase of the project, when the index grew 35.5 points with a percentage growth of 106 
percent, while the smallest change (excluding phase I) was observed during the fifth phase when the 
difference was of 16.8 points that represented a growth rate of 27 percent. 
Exhibit 71. Index of capacity to implement Victims’ law: management. 
SOURCE: IOM.
INDEX OF CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT VICTIMS’ LAW: COORDINATION CAPACITY
Analyzing the coordination sub index, with exception of the first phase, the numbers show an increase 
of the coordination capacity in each phase that in average represented an 18.2 percentage points 
increase and a percentage growth of 46.2 percent. The highest increase in the index was evidenced 
during the second phase of the project, when the index grew 41.2 points with a percentage growth of 
169 percent, while the smallest change (excluding phase I) was observed during the sixth phase when 
the difference was of 17.6 points that represented a growth rate of 34.5 percent. 
Exhibit 72. Index of capacity to implement Victims’ law: coordination. 
SOURCE: IOM.
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In general, the results indicate that the biggest improvements were achieved in the administrative 
capacities where on average the growth rate of the index showed an increase of 113 percent, reflecting 
improvements in adequate and exclusive spaces to victims’ attention with the necessary endowments, 
that as we will further see ,are reflected in the growth of attention points and regional centers to attend 
victims, that deepen its presence along the national territory in which development, VISP played an 
important role. 
DECENTRALIZATION OF VICTIMS LAW: VERTICAL COORDINATION
One way to analyze the decentralization of VL is to use indicators about the territorial presence of 
regional attention centers and attention points at the municipal level. As we explained in the last section, 
this is related to the administrative capacity of local governments to adequately provide services to 
victims. 
In this context and considering that VISP invested resources in the adequation and equipment of regional 
centers and attention points during its first phase of implementation, we analyze in this section, 
indicators computed from a digital survey that we applied to attention points with the objective of 
identify aspects about their characteristics that could give us insights about service provision towards 
victims. After sending the survey and doing telephone follow-up process, we received 11 surveys 
corresponding to attention points supported by VISP that represent 79 percent of the total attention 
points intervened by the program, that still are operating88; and 35 surveys from attention points that 
were no supported by VISP. 
To conduct this analysis, we use the following indicators:
88 VISP made investments in 18 attention points from which four were closed due to the opening of Victims Attention Regional 
Centers CRAV, in Fundación, Riohacha, Dibulla and Sincelejo. The list of these facilities Is presented in Annex D. 
TABLE 17. DECENTRALIZATION OF VICTIM’S LAW – VERTICAL COORDINATION INDICATORS 
USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 1
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of attention points and regional centers VU
Percentage of attention points with office equipment Attention point’s digital survey
Percentage of attention points with access to VIVANTO Attention point’s digital survey
Average number of staff Attention point’s digital survey
Percentage of attention points with trained staff in VL, personal attention and 
differential approach
Attention point’s digital survey
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NUMBER OF VICTIMS ATTENTION POINTS AND REGIONAL CENTERS 
The VU has 240 offices at the municipal level in charge of providing attention to victims. 189 of these 
facilities are attention points, 35 are regional centers, and 16 are justice houses. These facilities reach 
221 municipalities that cover all the departments in Colombia.89
PERCENTAGE OF ATTENTION POINTS WITH OFFICE EQUIPMENT
Using information from the digital survey, we found that more than 88 percent of attention points have 
a laptop or a printer, evidencing they have the basic equipment to provide the attention to victims. This 
percentage reached more than 90 percent in attention points were VISP made investments. When we 
asked about other equipment, we found that VISP-supported attention points are better equipped. In 
particular, 33 percent of the cases report having a desktop computer versus 8 percent of non VISP 
facilities, 38 percent reported to have a cell phone versus 30 percent of non-supported points, and 78 
percent reported to have a copying machine, compared to 32 percent on non-supported points. These 
Exhibits evidence that VISP-supported attention points are still better equipped showing the positive and 
persistent results of having received support from the program. 
Exhibit 3. Percentage of victim’s attention points with office equipment. 
SOURCE: ATTENTION’S POINTS DIGITAL SURVEY
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIM’S ATTENTION POINTS WITH ACCESS TO VIVANTO
Using information of the digital survey, we found that the percentage of attention points that report 
having access to VIVANTO reached 100 percent, evidencing that the use of this system, a basic tool to 
provide attention to victims, was fully territorialized, including in VISP-supported and non-supported 
points. 
89 The idea in the Evaluation Design was to analyze the evolution in the number and territorial coverage of these facilities by 
year but the VU only provided the list without specify the year in which the facility initiated its operation.
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AVERAGE NUMBER OF STAFF AT VICTIM’S ATTENTION POINTS
Using information of the digital survey, we found that on average the attention points have 2.7 people 
working as staff. The average is similar between VISP-supported points (2.5) and non-supported points 
(2.8).
Exhibit 74. Average number of staff of attention points. 
SOURCE: ATTENTION’S POINTS DIGITAL SURVEY
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIM’S ATTENTION POINTS WITH TRAINED STAFF IN VL, PERSONAL ATTENTION 
AND DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH
Using information of the digital survey, we found that more than 80 percent of surveyed victim’s 
attention points reported that their staff was trained in topics including the VL, Differential approach and 
self-care. This shows that training processes in strategic fields continued to be implemented. In the case 
of attention points that VISP supported, 100 percent of the facilities reported having received training in 
VL and in differential approaches, and 89 percent of them reported having received training in self-care. 
As evidenced in the following Exhibit, percentages are higher in points supported by VISP, showing at 
least, a better appropriation of these subjects. 
Exhibit 75. Percentage of attention points with trained staff in VL, differential approach, and self care. 
SOURCE: ATTENTION’S POINTS DIGITAL SURVEY
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COMMUNICATION OF VL
During VISP’s first phase different communications strategies were implemented to inform victims of the 
law and their rights and to encourage them to avail themselves of reparations measures. This, under the 
hypothesis that Victims’ rights awareness is a key element for the successful implementation of the law 
to reestablish rights and to access reparation measures. To evaluate results in this matter we computed 
a proxy indicator for victim population that measures the percentage of victims who declares to know 
the VL.
PERCENTAGE OF AWARENESS ON THE VL IN VISP TARGETED MUNICIPALITIES
We found that in 2016, that the percentage of victims aware of the victim’s law is higher (40.1 percent), 
when the comparison is made with victims that have similar socioeconomic characteristics in non VISP 
territories (35.2 percent). In 2021, VISP’s second phase municipalities also evidenced a higher percentage 
of people aware of VL (36.7 percent versus 25 percent).
Exhibit 4. Percentage of awareness of VL, 2016 - 2021. (Results with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
Finally, using the information for those municipalities included during the two VISP phases, we can 
analyze the evolution of this indicator to evaluate the sustainability of the results. Between 2016 and 
2021 in VISP comparable municipalities, the percentage of victims aware of the VL fell from 46.1 percent 
to 37.7 percent, although this reduction is lower than in non-VISP territories where this proportion 
passed from 32.9 percent to 23.8 percent.
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Exhibit 77. Percentage of awareness of Victim’s law, 2016 - 2021. VISP comparable municipalities. (Results with PSM)
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
M&E OF VL
Percentage of municipalities reporting advances on VL implementation in the RUSICST. 
Between 2013 and 2016, VISP implemented a project that defined as general objective to provide 
technical assistance and accompany the Ministry of Interior to strengthen its ability to monitor and 
evaluate the implementation of public policies for victims at the regional level through the operation and 
sustainability of the Unified Report of the Territorial Information, Coordination and Follow-up System of 
the Public Policy for Victims of the Internal Armed Conflict (RUSICST).
The RUSICST “is a mechanism for information, follow-up and evaluation of the performance of 
territorial entities in relation to the implementation of public policies and action plans for prevention, 
assistance and comprehensive reparation for victims.”90 The project aimed to complete a diagnosis of 
the state of RUSICST and based on these findings the following actions were carried out: 1) adjustments 
and improvements to the tool RUSICST, and 2) Socialization of the changes made to territorial entities 
to have online information from Mayor’s and Governor’s Offices.
To carry out the quantitative evaluation of the results achieved in this project, we use information 
provided by the Ministry of Interior that allowed us to analyze the number of municipalities that make a 
continuous use of the tool along VISP’s first phase implementation period, and after 2016, to check the 
sustainability of results. Particularly we compute the percentage of Mayors’ offices that send the Unified 
Report from 2013 to 2021, and the percentage of these territories that report an improvement plan 
over the same period. 
The first indicator makes reference to the unified report that contains several information about: i) the 
most emblematic events that have occurred in the territorial entity in the framework of the armed 
conflict, ii) Armed actors present in their territorial entity, iii) number of declarations for the inclusion in 
the RUV, iv) information about the conformation and meetings of the TJC, and v) the follow-up of 
90 What is RUCIST website link
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agreements made in its framework and to actions stipulated in territorial action plans, among other 
relevant information about the execution of the victims public policy. 
Exhibit 78 presents the indicator for the total of municipalities, the non-VISP municipalities and the VISP 
municipalities. During the time of execution of the VISP project between 2013 and 2016, the percentage 
of territories that made the unified report grew from 75 to 91 percent, showing a similar dynamic in 
VISP and Non VISP territories where this proportion in 2016 reached the same level, although VISP 
territories initiated this period with a lower percentage of report (68 percent and 75 percent). After 
2016, this indicator reached values above 95 percent showing a sustainability and a consolidation of the 
RUSICST as a strategic victim’s public policy following-up mechanism. 
Given the fact that this project was carried out at the national level, there are no reasons to find 
important differences between the two groups of municipalities. 
Exhibit 5. Percentage of municipalities that upload the unified report RUSICST, 2013 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON MOI
The second indicator is related to an improvement plan formulated for each territorial entities that 
allows gradual progress towards guaranteeing the rights of the victim population according to the 
weaknesses detected during the analysis of indicators obtained from the unified report. This 
improvement plan contains proposed actions to achieve the objective and overcome the weaknesses, 
resources required for its implementation, date of fulfillment of the actions, responsible party, and level 
of advance.
Exhibit 79 presents the indicator for the total of municipalities, the non-VISP municipalities and the VISP 
municipalities. During the time of execution of the VISP project between 2013 and 2016, the percentage 
of territories that reported and improvement plan grew from 49 to 91 percent, being practically equal in 
non-VISP territories. In VISP territories, this percentage reached a 36 percent in 2013, and grew 30 
percentage points, reaching 86 percent in 2016. After this year this indicator reached values above 95 
percent, and 100 percent in VISP targeted territories for almost every year between 2017 - 2020. 
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Exhibit 79. Percentage of municipalities that upload an improvement plan – RUSICST. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON INTERIOR MINISTRY
2. ADDITIONAL QUANTITATIVE RESULTS - QUESTION 2
Given the prospective nature of this question, data analyzed in this chapter is designed to provide 
analytical context to some of the analytical dimensions included. Specifically, in the evaluation design we 
defined indicators for the following dimensions: i) technical capacity for sustainability (at the local level), 
ii) fiscal capacity for sustainability, and iii) sustainability in disperse rural areas (security sub-dimension). 
TECHNICAL CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABILITY
In this dimension, we use the sub-index designed by IOM to measure at the local level the technical 
capacity of municipalities to implement the VL. This was calculated for 81 municipalities that were part 
of the territorialization project executed by IOM in association with the MOI. As mentioned in question 
1, this sub-index measures the institutionalization of the Victims Public Policy (VPP) regarding the 
adequacy of procedures and functions manuals, existence of a dependency in charge of VPP, human 
resources and level of technical training, functioning of the Transitional Justice Committee (CTJT), and 
the current state of planning tools (Territorial Action Plans and strategic action plans of the VPP).
As we mentioned earlier, analyzing the technical sub index, the numbers show an increase in the 
technical capacity of local governments in each phase (except the first where the negative variation is 
due to methodological changes), with an average increase of 16.2 percentage points and a percentage 
growth of 40.3 percent, indicating improvements in the tools necessary to effectively implement the VL. 
Nevertheless, these results are limited to only 81 municipalities. 
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Exhibit 80. Index of capacity to implement VL: technical sub. 
SOURCE: IOM.
SUSTAINABILITY IN DISPERSE RURAL AREAS: SECURITY 
One determinant factor to sustain the results obtained in the implementation of the VL, is the security 
conditions in the national territory, especially in municipalities with higher levels of rurality and with a 
historical presence of illegal armed groups. In a context of a reescalation of armed conflict, these areas 
are more propense to be victimized and re-victimized. As can be observed in Exhibit 81, in municipalities 
with a high victimization risk index91 the average percentage of people living in rural areas was 69 
percent, while this number in municipalities with a low VRI reached a 50.6 percent.
Exhibit 81. Average municipal percentage of people living in rural areas by risk group according to the VRI 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU.
91 The VRI is an index calculated by the VU that synthetize information related to the risk of violations of the rights to life, 
freedom, integrity and personal security, which allows comparing in one year the levels of risk of victimization among the 
municipalities.
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After the peace agreement was signed, the dynamic of the internal conflict has changed, resulting in a 
scalation of violence in some territories. This situation is evidenced in an increase of the VRI92 between 
2018 and 2021, resulting in a higher proportion of municipalities classified in the group of territories 
with medium, medium-high and high risk of victimization. During this period, that proportion grew 11.4 
percentage points. This dynamic has an impact in the number of victims, increasing fiscal needs to 
effectively implement the VPP in the years to come. 
 
Exhibit 82. Percentage of municipalities by risk group according to the VRI. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU.
FISCAL CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABILITY: NATIONAL LEVEL 93
As shown in Exhibit 83, the total resources appropriated for the Victims Policy in 2021 amounted to 
$16 billion in 2021, of which $13.9 billion pesos (89 percent) have been focused on the integral gained 
significant importance, passing from 9.2 billion in 2012 to 16 billion in 2021. 
In 2021, regarding the $13.9 billion pesos for victims of forced displacement, 27.2 percent corresponded 
to investment resources, which were executed directly by national entities to assist this population 
through SNARIV projects and programs, and operating resources, which arise from the promulgation of 
the VL represented 8.6 percent. Of these operating resources 46.9 percent were part of the Reparation 
Fund for Victims of Violence (FRV) through which compensation to displaced families is financed, 51.5 
percent were directed to institutional strengthening and 1.5 percent were spent in the PAPSIVI.
92 The VRI is an index calculated by the VU that synthetize information related to the risk of violations of the rights to life, 
freedom, integrity and personal security, which allows comparing in one year the levels of risk of victimization among the 
municipalities.
93 This section is based on DNP (2021).
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As proportion of GDP, from the promulgation of the VL in 2011, the total budget destined to VPP 
passed from represent 0.7 percent of the PIB to 1.5 percent in 2021, showing the increase of budget 
headings incorporated in the official budget, which reflects a higher degree of implementation of the VL. 
Exhibit 83. Budget assigned to Victims’ Public Policy 2002-2021. 
SOURCE: DNP (2021)
Despite a sustained increase of resources assigned to the execution of the PPV, challenges remain to 
assure that the public resources are enough for the needs of the victims. This is particularly relevant in 
the case of financial compensations that account for a big proportion of the budget (46.9 percent of 
operating resources), and up to 2021, only 8.3 percent of victims had been indemnified94. Furthermore, 
the fiscal context has become more vulnerable, among others, as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. All 
in all, there was an increase between 2020 and 2021 in the deficit level of the Central National 
Government of more than 8 percent as a proportion of the GDP. This context also constitutes a 
challenge for the fiscal sustainability of the VL’s implementation, including the advances obtained with the 
support of VISP.
FISCAL CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABILITY: LOCAL LEVEL
The best way to illustrate the fiscal challenges to sustain the VPP’s implementation at the local level is to 
use information provided by the fiscal performance index of the National Planning Department (DNP). 
As part of the global index, this included one sub-indicator about the municipal level of dependance of 
transferences made by the Central Government, including resources of the general system of 
participation (SGP) and other national transfers. This indicator measures the dependance in a scale from 
0 to 100, being 100 the highest level of dependance. We analyze this index in conjunction with the VRI, 
obtaining insights about fiscal challenges at the local level. 
According to data summarized in Exhibit 84, municipalities with higher levels of risk victimization, are in 
average more dependent of central government resources. While the index of level of dependance of 
94 VU (2022).
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transferences was on average 71.3 in territories with a low risk of victimization, this value was 79.9 in 
territories with a high victimization risk. In this context, the municipalities that are suffering a scalation 
of the armed conflict will exert fiscal pressure to the National Government. 
Exhibit 84. Average municipal index of fiscal dependance of transfers by risk group according to the VRI 2021.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU.
VISP LEVERAGED FUNDS 
A relevant factor to analyze in this dimension is the amount of leverage founds that IOM managed to get 
in the process of negotiation with GOC entities, that complemented USAID investments related to 
VISP’s different intermediate results. In this context, within the framework of the MEL activity the 
program defined two indicators related to this field: i) VISP leverage funds defined as “all the resources 
from Third Parties (Non-USAID) obligated by public or private entities to co-fund common development 
interventions, and are influenced by USAID’s direct contribution to such objective and ii) USAID investments 
linked to Leveraged Funds defined as “the resources obligated by the Mission for direct interventions with the 
concrete purpose of enabling Third Party Leveraged Funds (Yl).” 
In this context, using information of the observed results for these two indicators, Exhibit 85 presents 
the cumulative amount of leverage resources and USAID investment linked to these resources, in 
Colombian Pesos, for the period 2017 and 2021. In the first case (blue line), we observed the biggest 
growth from 2017 to 2018 when, the leveraged resources grew abruptly and from there, the increase 
reached an average of 2 percent (2018 and 2021). By other side, USAID resources linked to these 
investments evidenced an 845 percent increase over the first year, and an average growth rate of 38
percent in the rest of the period. 
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Exhibit 85. VISP Leverage funds and USAID Investments linked to leverage funds (Cumulative), 2017 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON IOM.
In addition, a more intuitive way to analyze these indicators is to obtain a ratio that give us the number 
of leveraged Colombian pesos by each peso invested by USAID. Using this ratio, we found that for all 
the period analyzed, for each peso invested by USAID, 8.1 pesos were leveraged by IOM as implementing 
partner.
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Exhibit 86. Ratio VISP Leveraged funds and USAID Investments linked to leverage funds (Cumulative), 2017 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON IOM.
3. ADDITIONAL QUANTITATIVE RESULTS - QUESTION 3
Evaluation question 3 inquiries to what extent have VISP-funded interventions increased access to 
physical and psychosocial rehabilitation and what have been the main factors that contributed to 
improvement or that delayed these services.
In this sense, the proposed quantitative analysis started with the identification of outcome indicators 
that reflect changes in number of attentions or coverage, comparing VISP and Non-VISP municipalities 
when possible. The analysis is done for the PAPSIVI, EREG, Entrelazando, and physical rehabilitation 
services using information provided by the MOH and the VU. This is complemented with information 
provided by the VL survey that measures self-reported access to rehabilitation services and that is used 
for analyzing some individual and contextual determinants of the access to these services. 
ACCESS TO PAPSIVI
VISP contributed significantly to the design and implementation of the Victims Psychosocial and 
Comprehensive Health Program – PAPSIVI. During VISP’s first phase different projects were carried out 
to make possible the operationalization of this strategy comprising different actions for the national and 
territorial consolidation of the program such as the habilitation of a transitional national space to 
construct the PAPSIVI participatively, the design of a communications strategy that aimed to establish 
the channels, audiences, means to inform about the structure, operation and access to the program, the 
redesign of a psychosocial characterization tool in the individual, family and community spheres, and the 
formulation of methodological guidelines for psychosocial care at the individual, family, and community 
level to guide professional teams on the methodological minimums required to give an appropriate 
attention to victims. 
The program also supported the strengthening of the MOH by transferring differential approach 
guidelines (gender, sexual orientations, ethnicity, disability, and childhood and adolescence) and the 
development of a module that allowed the collection and consultation of information on PAPSIVI 
services provision at the local level to carry out permanent follow-up and monitoring. At the territorial 
165 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
level the program supported a project to design, build, and implement a training, supervision, knowledge 
transfer, and sustainability strategy for seven interdisciplinary teams providing psychosocial and 
comprehensive health services as part of PAPSIVI to ensure ongoing support, evaluation, and 
implementation of services. This project was targeted in 7 municipalities (Necoclí, Apartadó, Bogotá, 
Riosucio, Riohacha, San Juan del Cesar and Fundación). 
During the second phase of the program, VISP continued supporting the PAPSIVI, aiming to qualify it 
through the validation of its rural strategy, the adjustment of its ethnic modules and the strengthening of 
its training strategy, responding to the PAPSIVI’s performance evaluation findings published in the first 
semester of 2020, in which VISP as well contributed with technical and financial support. During this 
phase, VISP supported the Victim’s group of the MOH in the strengthening of its capabilities to 
implement and follow-up the program at the territorial level, with an emphasis in the development of an 
integrated following-up model and the design of a psychosocial attention operative strategy for rural and 
dispersed areas. 
The permanent and broad support provided by VISP to PAPSIVI’s implementation is plausibly associated 
with a generalized increase in the coverage of the program, especially in the targeted municipalities 
aforementioned. To analyze these changes, we use the following indicators:95
NUMBER OF PAPSIVI BENEFICIARIES
Exhibit 87 shows the number of PAPSIVI beneficiaries between 2013 and 2020.97 The first thing to 
highlight is that during 2013, the number of beneficiaries was quite low. At this time, VISP was 
conducting participatory sessions with Victims organizations to stablish PAPSIVI’s basis, opening the 
doors to start its broad implementation in 2014. PAPSIVI reached its maximum number of attentions in 
2017 with 134 thousand victims accessing the program. From this year onwards. The number of 
attentions has decreased, reaching 87 thousand attentions in 202098. In aggregate, during these years, a 
total of 702 thousand victims accessed PAPSIVI reaching 668 municipalities, what marks a substantial 
95 This analysis is complemented with the analysis of indicators made in evaluation question 1, related to the quality of the 
service provided. 
96 The proxy coverage rate is computed using as numerator the number of victims attended by the strategy and as a 
denominator the total number of victims subject to attention included in the RUV. This indicator is a proxy considering that is 
not possible to know with certainty the number of victims living each year in a municipality, because the location variable 
responds to the place of the declaration, and in addition with the data available is not possible to determine what number of 
victims have declared that they don’t need or want to receive psychosocial attention and exclude then from the denominator. 
Nevertheless, we consider that this proxy indicator is suitable to analyze changes in coverage, but for these reasons should be 
analyzed with caution.
97 The MOH responded the information request including information for this period, that did not include 2021 attentions. 98 This decrease is explained at the national level by contractual timing and condition issues of MSPS, the capacity of local 
governments to co-finance operations among others, as reported in PAPSIVI reports. 
TABLE 18. PAPSIVI ACCESS INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 3
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of PAPSIVI beneficiaries MOH
Proxy coverage rate of PAPSIVI 96 MOH
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advance, considering that this type of attention was not provided in the country, that marking a success 
of both the VL, and VISP’s support to it. 
In the 22 VISP targeted territories (first phase) the dynamic was relatively similar, passing from 300 
beneficiaries to 13.5 thousand between 2013 and 2014. The program reached its highest number of 
attentions in these territories in 2019, with around 24 thousand victims accessing the psychosocial 
rehabilitation services but finished the period with a lower number of attentions than in 2014 with 9 
thousand beneficiaries in 2020. 
Exhibit 87. Total number of beneficiaries of PAPSIV (thousands), 2013 – 2020. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU.
PAPSIVI’S PROXY COVERAGE RATE 
As a more detailed analysis, we use the number of beneficiaries and the total number of victims subject 
to receive psychosocial attention per municipality, to compute a proxy coverage rate of the PAPSIVI. 
This is a suitable variable to compare PAPSIVI’s coverage across municipalities. We previously defined a 
comparison group of non-VISP territories that have similar characteristics in terms of the variables used 
to target VISP as well as other socioeconomic variables that make the comparison more reliable. We 
use a PSM procedure (See Annex D), but in this case instead of matching individuals (of the VL survey), 
we matched municipalities. To carry out the one-to-one municipality match, we used the following 
variables: i) proportion of victims, ii) if the municipality had a victim’s attention point or regional center, 
iii) if the municipality had collective reparation subjects, iv) if the municipality was targeted by the 
USAID’s Afro-Colombian and indigenous program, v) population density, vi) proportion of rural 
population, vii) proportion of people in multidimensional poverty, viii) municipal GDP, and ix) internet 
penetration99. With this procedure we obtained a comparison group for fifteen of the twenty-two VISP 
targeted municipalities100. 
99 The first four indicators were used by IOM and USAID to target VISP municipalities according to information consigned in 
year 1’s Work Plan. 100 When conducting the PSM, seven capital cities included in VISP targeted municipalities (Medellín, Barranquilla, Bogotá, 
Cartagena, Quibdó, Riohacha and Santa Marta) resulted excluded of the common support and therefore are not match with a 
similar municipality. Being large capital cities means that, overall, the probability of selection obtained with the logit model does 
not find a pair in other smaller municipalities of the comparison group, reflecting sui generis characteristics of these territories.
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Exhibit 88 presents the evolution of the proxy coverage rate101 of PAPSIVI for VISP and Non-VISP 
comparable territories between 2013 and 2020. Note that there was a significant increase in PAPSIVI’s 
coverage, passing from 0 percent to 13.7 percent of the victims requiring psychosocial attention. 
Despite this advance, the coverage remains low, considering the total universe of victims requiring this 
service as part of the integral rehabilitation process.
Note as well that for all the period, the coverage rate in VISP municipalities was lower than in the 
comparison group, and this difference increased constantly in time passing from 0.2 (in 2014) to 5.8 
percentage points. This shows that the increase in PAPSIVI’s coverage was not concentrated in VISP 
municipalities. However, it is worth noting again that VISP’s support to PAPSIVI was focused more on 
working at the national level, rather than in granting operative or implementation support at the local 
level. VISP did support increases in the provision of services of other rehabilitation services, those 
provided by the VU. 
Exhibit 88. Proxy coverage of PAPSIVI, 2013 – 2020.* 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU
* VISP AND NON-VISP MUNICIPALITIES ARE RESTRICTED TO TERRITORIES RESULTING FROM THE PSM
Moreover, if we restrict the data to only the VISP municipalities in which the aforementioned territorial 
PAPSIVI support project was implemented (Apartadó, Necoclí, Riosucio, San Juan del Cesar and 
Fundación)102, we find similar results. The proxy coverage rate is lower for all the period in these 
municipalities, and the difference increased from 0.4 (in 2014) to 6.3 percentage points in 2020.103
101 This is a proxy coverage rate because we are using as a denominator the total number of victims subject to attention 
included in the RUV given that the MOH did not provide data about potential beneficiaries of the strategy that usually discount 
victims that manifested not to be interested in participating in psychosocial rehabilitation activities. Nevertheless, we consider 
that this proxy indicator is suitable to analyze changes in coverage. 
102 We do not include Bogotá and Riohacha because they do not a have a match in the PSM procedure. 103 As we mention earlier this project had as a goal to design, build, and implement a training, supervision, knowledge transfer 
and sustainability strategy or seven interdisciplinary teams providing psychosocial and comprehensive health services as part of 
PAPSIVI to ensure ongoing support, evaluation, and implementation of services. In this sense, and considering the reach of the 
program, it was not expected to increase coverage rates but an improvement in its quality, this considering as well that VISP did 
not have incidence in the amount of resources directed to increase the coverage of the program, that are restricted to national 
budget sources. 
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Exhibit 89. Proxy coverage of PAPSIVI comparing municipalities in which the territorial PAPSIVI support project was 
implemented, 2013 – 2020. * 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU
* VISP AND NON-VISP MUNICIPALITIES ARE RESTRICTED TO TERRITORIES RESULTING FROM THE PSM
We finally conduct the analysis considering VISP municipalities that remained targeted over VISP’s two 
phases (with exception of Medellín that does not have a matched municipality). The main results remain 
similar, with a larger gap relative to non-VISP municipalities, period passing from 0.6 percentage points in 
2014, to 16 in 2020.
Exhibit 90. Proxy coverage of PAPSIVI, VISP municipalities targeted in phase I and II, 2013 – 2020* 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU
* VISP AND NON-VISP MUNICIPALITIES ARE RESTRICTED TO TERRITORIES RESULTING FROM THE PSM
In sight of these results, we see that even if VISP played a major role in PAPSIVI’s operationalization, and 
even if this is reflected in a general growth rate of the coverage in the psychosocial rehabilitation 
services provided by the MOH, there is no evidence that in VISP targeted territories this coverage is 
higher or increased more than in non-targeted territories. 
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ACCESS TO EREG 
Over VISP’s first phase the program supported the emotional recovery strategy EREG, at the territorial 
level VISP implemented a project directed to the design, formulation, and implementation of a training 
strategy for leaders in psychosocial support tools and emotional recovery of victims of the armed 
conflict, directed to the Urabá region (Apartadó, Chigorodó, Necoclí and Turbo), that involved the 
training of 60 victims on tools and abilities to provide accompaniment with a psychosocial approach and 
the application of a psychosocial accompaniment model with a group of 600 victims who belong to 
victims’ organizations and are part of collective reparation subjects. During the program’s second phase 
we did not identify VISP support activities for EREG.
We analyze coverage rates of these emotional recovery strategies, and analyze whether these are higher 
in VISP municipalities, as well as whether they are higher in VISP municipalities located in Urabá, where 
specific EREG activities were supported. To analyze this dynamic, we use the following indicators. 
TABLE 19. EREG ACCESS INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 3
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of EREG beneficiaries VU
Proxy coverage rate of EREG VU
Number of beneficiaries of Entrelazado VU
Using information provided by the VU about victims who accessed EREG, we can analyze the evolution 
of the numbers of beneficiaries of this strategy between 2013 and 2021. The results evidence that a total 
of 260 thousand victims accessed this program in this period, which represents a substantial advance 
considering that this type of attentions was nearly inexistent in previous years. 
As we see in Exhibit 91 the strategy attended approximately 20 thousand victims in 2013 and reached its 
peak in 2018 with 60 thousand victims attended. From 2019 onwards, these numbers were situated 
below the number achieved in 2014, ending in 2021 with 20 thousand beneficiaries. The number of 
victims that have accessed this program in VISP municipalities between 2013 and 2019 was on average 
4.8 thousand, decreasing then to 1.6 thousand in 2021.
Results that show a decreasing importance of this strategy along VISP implementation period, that from 
its beginning had a low coverage relatively to the total number of Victims registered in the RUV. 
Moreover, if we restrict the data to VISP’s first phase municipalities, the number of beneficiaries reached 
its peak in 2018 with 7 thousand victims attended but decreased to 1.6 thousand in 2021. 
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Exhibit 91. Number of beneficiaries of EREG (thousands), 2013 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU DATA
It is useful to analyze the data in territories of the Urabá region where, as we mentioned above, a 
specific VISP project was implemented between 2015 and 2017. Nevertheless, the numbers do not 
indicate increases of beneficiaries over the implementation period when the number of victims attended 
by EREG decreased from 2.6 to 0.28 thousand.104 
Exhibit 92. Number of beneficiaries of EREG in VISP – Urabá region municipalities, 2013 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU DATA
104 The project file indicates that the initiative contemplated the application of a model of psychosocial accompaniment in a 
group model to 600 victims belonging to organizations of victims and subjects of collective reparation in the 4 municipalities 
prioritized by the VISP, but it is not clear to what strategy it refers to. Nevertheless, this analysis will be made as well with 
Entrelazando. 
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PROXY COVERAGE RATE OF EREG
Exhibit 93 presents the evolution of the proxy coverage rate105 of the EREG strategy for VISP and Non￾VISP comparable territories between 2013 and 2021, obtained with the PSM. For all the period, the 
coverage rate in VISP municipalities was slightly higher than in the comparison group, and this difference 
increased constantly in these eight years passing from 0.15 to 1.3 percentage points. The coverage gap 
widens from 0.45 percentage points in 2013, to 1.26 in 2021.106 
Exhibit 6. Proxy coverage of EREG, 2013 – 2021.* 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VU
*VISP AND NON-VISP MUNICIPALITIES ARE RESTRICTED TO TERRITORIES RESULTING FROM THE PSM
ACCESS OF GROUPS, COMMUNITIES, ORGANIZATIONS TO ENTRELAZANDO
In the case of “Entrelazando”, the community rehabilitation program, VISP granted support during its 
first phase, developing, adjusting, and validating a monitoring and evaluation framework to evaluate the 
results about the psychosocial welfare of communities served and how they are related with other levels 
of psychosocial rehabilitation services. VISP also implemented a project to strengthen the 
methodological development of Entrelazando’s components to increase its national impact, as well as the 
technical skills of the national and regional teams. For this analysis we use the number of beneficiaries of 
Entrelazando. 
NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES OF ENTRELAZANDO
The general goal of the project executed by VISP related to this strategy aimed to increase the national 
coverage of Entrelazando. To analyze this, we rely on the data provided by the VU, corresponding to 
105 The proxy coverage rate is obtained analogously to that computed for PAPSIVI and has the same limitations. 106 Different conclusions from the analysis about PAPSIVI and EREG are due to that in the case of the VU strategy, projects 
supported by VISP did define as a goal the increase of coverage of this program. Specifically, the nature of VISP support to both 
initiatives was different, In PAPSIVI it was more methodological and technical and in EREG included the development of 
workshops and attention goals. Finally, EREG implementation also were planned as complementary to PAPSIVI, an in this sense 
reached some territories with low coverage of the program.
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the period 2018 to 2021107 regarding the total number (at the national level) of beneficiaries that were 
attended by the strategy. 
According to the information provided by the VU, the number of victims that are part of collective 
reparation subjects (CRS) and received attention by Entrelazando, increased 27.9 percent between 2018 
and 2021 passing from 44.5 thousand to 56.9 thousand victims attended. In terms of CRS attended, the 
number of attentions increased 92 percent passing from 184 to 354 CRS attended. 
Exhibit 94. Number of victims attended by Entrelazando (thousands), 2018 – 2021. 
SOURCE: VU
ACCESS TO PHYSICAL REHABILITATION
As we mentioned earlier, along all its implementation period VISP executed a project to establish and 
strengthen physical rehabilitation services (for persons with disabilities, especially victims) offered by 
public hospitals (State Social Enterprises) in prioritized municipalities. As a result, 29 hospitals received 
technical support and infrastructure investments in physical rehabilitation facilities to institutionalize the 
service provision and to effectively provide this service. 
To analyze improvements in access to physical rehabilitation services we use the following indicators:
TABLE 20. PHYSICAL REHABILITATION ACCESS INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 3
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of victims who access physical rehabilitation services VU - MOH
Number of victims who access physical rehabilitation services in health facilities supported by 
VISP VU - MOH
107 The information is presented only for this period because the group that is in charge of the execution of the strategy is 
managing its implementation from 2018.
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NUMBER OF VICTIMS WHO ACCESS PHYSICAL REHABILITATION SERVICES108
According to information provided by the MOH, the number of victims who access physical 
rehabilitation services showed an important increase between 2013 and 2017 at the national level and in 
municipalities where VISP strengthened processes and health facilities to provide this service. 
Specifically, the victim population accessing rehabilitation services increased in 108.7 percent at the 
national level and 99.5 percent in municipalities supported by the program between 2013 and 2017. 
Nevertheless, after 2017 this number showed a significant drop both in VISP municipalities and at the 
national level, falling 45.7 percent and 47.5 percent between 2017 and 2019, respectively.109 
Exhibit 95. Number of victims who access physical rehabilitation services.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON MOH.
NUMBER OF VICTIMS WHO ACCESS PHYSICAL REHABILITATION SERVICES IN HEALTH FACILITIES 
SUPPORTED BY VISP
Restricting the data to the number of victims that received physical rehabilitation services in 29 health 
facilities directly supported by VISP, the dynamic is similar to the one described when using the data at 
the municipal level. Between 2013 and 2017, the number of victims attended in VISP-supported health 
facilities passed from 536 to 1.039 showing a growth rate of 93.8 percent. After this year, there was a 
significant decrease, reaching 176 victims accessing physical rehabilitation services in 2019. 
108 The projected exercise included in the evaluation design contemplated to use the number victims that according to its 
individual reparation plan should have received physical rehabilitation services as a denominator to compute coverage rates of 
these services, but both, the MOH and the VU replied to the request made by the evaluation team, stating that they do not 
have this information.
109 We exclude for the analysis 2020 and 2021 considering that the pandemic resulted in low numbers, less than 18 thousand 
victims accessing physical rehabilitation services over this period, that are not comparable with the previous year.
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Moreover, backing up the positive results achieved in the first subperiod (2013 to 2017); in 2017, when 
victims’ services reached a peak, 73.4 percent of the total physical rehabilitation services provision 
directed to victims in VISP municipalities was explained by health facilities supported by the program.
Exhibit 96. Number of victims who access physical rehabilitation services in VISP supported health facilities.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON MOH.
ACCESS TO REHABILITATION SERVICES (CROSS-CUTTING)
The following analysis is conducted using information from the VL survey in 2016 and 2021. The survey 
included a question, in both years, to determine self-reported access to rehabilitation services. This 
analysis is crosscutting because the question did not discriminate between the type of rehabilitation 
service and could be related to access either to psychosocial/psychological services or physical services. 
The analysis is made using results of the PSM procedure described in Annex D The results show that for 
VISP’s two phases, the self-reported access to rehabilitation services was lower in VISP municipalities 
relative to the comparison group. In 2016, the percentage of victims who reported access to these 
services was 5.1 percentage points lower in VISP municipalities (2.9 percent versus 8 percent) and in 
2021 this difference was 4 percentage points (12 percent versus 16 percent). It should be mentioned 
that these results are not comparable between phases given the change in targeted territories. Because 
of this, we present results independently.
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Exhibit 97. Percentage of victims reporting access to rehabilitation services (PSM results). * 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
*CORRESPONDS TO THE AVERAGE OF MUNICIPAL RESULTS AFTER CONDUCTING THE PSM
Using the information for municipalities targeted during the two VISP phases, we can analyze the 
evolution of this indicator. The results evidence a higher increase in self-reported access of rehabilitation 
services in non-VISP municipalities than in VISP municipalities, where the percentage of victims reporting 
access to rehabilitation services passed from 8 percent to 14.8 percent, while in VISP targeted 
territories this percentage went from 3.6 percent to 8 percent. 
If we consider that PAPSIVI is the rehabilitation service with higher coverage, and therefore is likely the 
one driving this dynamic, the results are consistent with those found in the analysis of PAPSIVI’s proxy 
coverage rates (using administrative records), showing a generalized increase in coverage of this 
psychosocial service, especially in non-VISP territories. 
Exhibit 98. Percentage of victims reporting access to rehabilitation services VISP comparable municipalities (PSM results). * 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
*CORRESPONDS TO THE AVERAGE OF MUNICIPAL RESULTS AFTER CONDUCTING THE PSM
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SOCIOECONOMIC INDIVIDUAL DETERMINANTS OF ACCESS
One way to complement the analysis presented along the chapter, is to analyze some individual 
socioeconomic characteristics relate to the access to rehabilitation services using variables that can be 
computed from the VL survey. For this purpose, we estimated a logit model using as dependent variable 
the self-reporting access to these services, and as independent variables the gender, age, educational 
attainment, socioeconomic stratum, if the victim its self-recognized as afro descendant or indigenous, 
occupational status, civil status, a variable indicating if the person recently moved from another 
municipality, relationship to the household head, and if the victim reports belonging to a victims 
organization or roundtable. 
The results presented correspond to the model estimated with the survey for 202, as the self-reported 
access reached almost 10 percent while in 2016 this proportion was only 4 percent, therefore the 2021 
estimation has more observations to carry out the analysis. We use the total sample of victims for VISP 
and Non-VISP municipalities.
Table 21 presents the marginal effects of each independent variable over the probability accessing a 
rehabilitation service. In general, we find significant results for all the variables included in the model and 
in most cases intuitive results, from which some points to highlight include:
• Being a woman increases the probability of accessing rehabilitation services in 1.84 percent. In fact, 
while 10.2 percent of women victims reported access, 8 percent of the men did. 
• Being afro descendant increased the probability of access in 0.85 percent with respect to non-ethnic 
victims and being indigenous increased this probability by 5.2 percent.
• Belonging to a victim’s organization or roundtable increased the probability of access by 2.3 percent. 
• A higher educational level and a higher socioeconomic stratum reduced the probability of access to 
rehabilitation services, although its marginal effect is below 1 percent in both cases. 
• Related to the civil status, according to the model results while being does not have a statistically 
significant effect, being in an unmarried union reduced the probability of access in 2 percent with 
respect to being single.
• Related to the occupational status, we found that the most important individual determinant is being 
a student or being retired, both increasing in 8 percent the probability of access, with respect to an 
employed victim. This can be related to the time available to participate in rehabilitation sessions of 
any type. 
• Related to variables that indicate the relationship of the victim with the household head, we found 
an unexpected result, probably explained by sample particularities. The results indicate that being a 
non-relative of the household head increases the probability of access in 11 percent. 
Finally, it is important to highlight that the model has a low explanatory power (the Pseudo R-squared is 
0.02) which is indicative that other individual variables that we cannot compute with the survey data, as 
well as other contextual variables, are determinants of the access to rehabilitation services. For these 
reason in the next section, we present results to find relationships of the pseudo- coverage rate of the 
177 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
PAPSIVI with contextual variables. We decided to conduct an independent estimation using 
administrative record data, to have enough variability of the contextual independent variables that we 
would not have if we incorporated them in the VL survey. 
TABLE 21. MARGINAL EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUALS SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OVER THE 
PROBABILITY OF ACCESSING REHABILITATION SERVICES – 2021
VARIABLE MARGINAL EFFECT STD. ERR. Z P-VALUE
Gender 0.0184 0.00066 28.07 0.000
Age -0.0004 0.00003 -13.42 0.000
Afro descendant 0.0085 0.00072 11.83 0.000
Indigenous 0.0526 0.00179 29.36 0.000
Education attainment -0.0029 0.00042 -6.96 0.000
Stratum -0.0076 0.00043 -17.64 0.000
Change of municipality 0.0157 0.00137 11.47 0.000
Victims’ organization 
or roundtable 
participation 0.0235 0.00067 35.11 0.000
Civil status
Married 0.0014 0.00106 1.29 0.198
Divorced 0.0105 0.00111 9.44 0.000
Unmarried union -0.0202 0.0008 -25.45 0.000
Widower 0.0039 0.00164 2.4 0.016
Occupational status
Student 0.0818 0.003 27.31 0.000
Student and employed 0.0165 0.00193 8.54 0.000
Pensioner 0.0898 0.00472 19 0.000
Housework 0.0001 0.00079 0.16 0.873
Unemployed -0.0223 0.00073 -30.76 0.000
Relationship to the household head
Spouse 0.0018 0.00095 1.95 0.051
Son/daughter 0.0138 0.00111 12.41 0.000
Father or mother -0.0229 0.00145 -15.8 0.000
Brother/sister -0.0141 0.00236 -5.97 0.000
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TABLE 21. MARGINAL EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUALS SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OVER THE 
PROBABILITY OF ACCESSING REHABILITATION SERVICES – 2021
Another relative -0.0253 0.00289 -8.77 0.000
Another nonrelative 0.1157 0.00701 16.52 0.000
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON VL SURVEY 2021.
SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXTUAL DETERMINANTS OF ACCESS
For this analysis we used the PAPSIVI proxy coverage rate at the municipal level as the independent 
variable, restricting the data base to municipalities with attentions reported by the program and 
excluding Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali and Medellín considering that could biased the results given its size 
and particularities as the biggest capital cities in the country.
In this case, the independent variables are continuous. We use a linear regression to find significant 
associations between the independent variable and contextual variables. The independent variables used 
for this exercise are: i) proportion of people living in multidimensional poverty, ii) proportion victims, iii) 
proportion of population living in rural areas, iv) fiscal performance index, v) a dummy for big capital 
cities and 6) a dummy for VISP territories (excluding big capital cities), 
The estimated coefficients are presented in the table below. The model has a low explanatory power 
(the adjusted R-squared is 0.07) and only three variables resulted statistically significant: i) proportion of 
victims, ii) fiscal performance index and iii) proportion of rural population.
TABLE 22. OLS – CONTEXTUAL DETERMINANTS OF PAPSIVI’S COVERAGE RATE (2020)
 COEF. STD. ERR T P>T
Multidimensional poverty (%) 0.0670 0.0507739 1.32 0.187
Victims’ population (%) -0.1193** 0.020259 -5.89 0.000
Fiscal performance Index 0.0019** 0.0010717 1.73 0.085
Big capital city -0.0767 0.0923139 -0.83 0.406
VISP I -0.0351 0.0365636 -0.96 0.338
Rural population (%) -0.0563** 0.0308469 -1.83 0.068
Constant 0.0649 0.095563 0.68 0.497
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON MOH.
In the case of the fiscal performance index, we find that it is positively associated with the PAPSIVI 
coverage rate. This is an expected result, as having better local government fiscal capacities likely relates 
to being able to better provide social services. In fact, those municipalities situated in the first quintile of 
coverage showed an average fiscal index of 65.9 while those situated in the fifth quintile evidenced an 
average fiscal index of 66.3. 
179 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Finally, the proportion of victims in the municipality with respect to the total population, is significantly 
negatively associated with the program coverage. For instance, the average share of victims in 
municipalities situated in the first quintile of coverage (lowest coverage) was 36 percent, while this
indicator was 14 percent in municipalities situated in the last quintile (highest coverage), indicating that 
the PAPSIVI has a higher attention deficit in territories with a relatively high number of victims. 
4. ADDITIONAL QUANTITATIVE RESULTS - QUESTION 4
Evaluation question 4 inquires what are the main strengths and weaknesses of the “Community Agent 
Model”, referring to the initiative implemented by USAID’s Community-Based Treatment Services for 
Afro-Colombian Victims of Torture (ACOPLE) program. 
According to ACOPLE’s AMELP, this was a USAID-funded program implemented by Heartland Alliance 
International (HAI) together with local partners, Asociación Nacional de Afrocolombianos Desplazados 
(AFRODES) and the Cisalva Research Institute of the Universidad del Valle, in alliance with the US-based 
Johns Hopkins University (JHU). It started in October 2010 and was originally programmed to run for 
three years. It was approved for three separate cost extensions (CE): the first cost extension, which 
extended the project period from January 2014 to September 2015; the second cost extension, which 
extended the project period from October 2015 to December 2017; and the third and final cost 
extension, from January 2018 to September 2020.
This program aimed to develop and implement evidence-based, effective, and culturally appropriate 
mental health services for victims of torture110 on Colombia’s Pacific Coast, expand holistic services to 
victims, and building the capacity of Afro-Colombian civil society organizations to address the needs of 
torture survivors during and after the project implementation. The program pursued three strategic 
objectives: 
i) National and territorial governments are better able to incorporate mental health and psychosocial 
wellbeing best practices into existing community rehabilitation programs. 
ii) Survivors of torture and organized violence have improved mental health and psychosocial 
wellbeing. 
iii) Communities affected by torture and violence can access continued community psychosocial 
rehabilitation services.
For this evaluation question, in which the qualitative analysis is predominant, we present a descriptive 
analysis of the AMELP indicators defined by the initiative, based on information reported in MONITOR
by the implementing partners. These indicators are summarized in 23. 
To complement this analysis, we summarize the main results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) 
conducted with participants of the initiative. 
110 It is important to sign that the definition of torture, in this case, isn’t limited to the understanding of torture as a victimizing 
act recognized by Law 1448/2011: it includes cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment that violates Human Rights 
and can occur simultaneously with other victimizing acts, causing physical and psychological harm.
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TABLE 23. ACOPLE INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 4
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of civil society organizations (CSOs) that participate in ACOPLE training and/or capacity building 
activities. MONITOR
Number of service providers trained who serve vulnerable persons MONITOR
Number of survivors of torture and political violence treated through the different mental health and 
psychosocial interventions of ACOPLE MONITOR
Proportion of females who report increased self-efficacy at the conclusion of USG supported 
training/programming MONITOR
Proportion of participants who report at least a 10 percent reduction in functional impairment MONITOR
NUMBER OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSOS) THAT PARTICIPATE IN ACOPLE TRAINING 
AND/OR CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES
This indicator measures the number of unique organizations and/or institutions that participate in 
ACOPLE training and/or capacity building activities, considering that one of the main objectives of the 
project is to strengthen local systems and organizations that are involved either directly or indirectly 
with health issues of victims.
The data shows that with exception of 2013 and 2015 where percentage of goal fulfillment reached a 65 
percent and 11 percent, the goals stablished for the project related to CSOs engagement in training 
activities were surpassed, reaching an aggregate result of 144 percent111. 
Exhibit 99. Number of civil society organizations (CSOs) receiving USG assistance engaged in health advocacy. 
SOURCE: MONITOR.
111 By type of organization receiving USG assistance, 66 percent were Community based/NGO, 12.8 percent were academic, 10
percent were private, and 2.6 percent were religious. 
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NUMBER OF SERVICE PROVIDERS TRAINED WHO SERVE VULNERABLE PERSONS
This indicator measures the number of people from public and private institutions or organizations that 
may have contact with victims of torture or political violence that are trained on issues relevant to 
mental health diagnosis, needs and referral systems. Trainings include but are not limited to trainings on 
the ACOPLE intervention model, trauma and mental health, gender issues and mental health, help the 
helper trainings, train-the-trainer trainings, and others.
The data shows that with exception of 2016 where the percentage of goal fulfillment reached 74 
percent, the goals stablished for the project related to the training of service providers were surpassed, 
reaching an aggregate result of 186 percent.112 
Exhibit 100. Number of service providers trained who serve vulnerable persons. 
SOURCE: MONITOR.
NUMBER OF VULNERABLE PEOPLE BENEFITTING FROM USG-SUPPORTED SOCIAL SERVICES 
This indicator measures the number of survivors of torture and political violence treated through the 
different mental health and psychosocial interventions of ACOPLE, including Specialized Services, IISPC 
(Individual intervention based on feelings, thoughts, and behaviors) and CGT (Community Based Group 
Therapy).
The data shows that the goals stablished for the project related to people that accessed the mental 
health and interventions of ACOPLE were surpassed, reaching an aggregate result of 138 percent. By 
gender, 85 percent of beneficiaries were women, 14.4 percent were men and 0.1 percent were 
LGBTQI+. 
112 By gender, 71 percent of the trained services providers were women, 21 percent were men and 8 percent reported other 
gender.
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Exhibit 101. Number of vulnerable people benefitting from USG-supported social services. 
SOURCE: MONITOR.
PROPORTION OF PARTICIPANTS WHO REPORT AT LEAST A 10 PERCENT REDUCTION IN FUNCTIONAL 
IMPAIRMENT
This indicator measures the proportion of individuals who complete treatment, have complete pre and 
post data, and report at least a 10 percent reduction in functional impairment according to the 
functionality scale on the ACOPLE pre and post survey.113
The data shows that the goal was completely fulfilled (114 percent). Along all its implementation period 
80 percent of victims attended by ACOPLE through the different mental health and psychosocial 
interventions reported at least a 10 percent reduction of functional impairment. 
Exhibit 102. Proportion of ACOLPLE participants who report at least a 10 percent reduction in functional impairment, 2020. 
SOURCE: MONITOR.
113 The functionality section of the survey asks participants to rate how much difficulty they have had completing certain daily 
tasks in the past month on a 5-point likert scale, with zero being no difficulty and four being that they have been unable to 
complete that task in the past month. Items include (but are not limited to) tasks such as working, taking care of personal 
hygiene, supporting family members, and doing housework. Since participants are rating how difficult it is to complete each task, 
the indicator wording references a reduction in impairment (IE difficulty) versus an improvement in functioning (which might be 
better measures with a scale where participants rate how well they are able to complete each task). AMELP, (2020).
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PROPORTION OF FEMALES WHO REPORT INCREASED SELF-EFFICACY AT THE CONCLUSION OF 
TREATMENT 
This indicator measures the proportion of women who complete treatment and experience a decrease 
in symptoms (anxiety, depression, or fear) of at least 12 percent because of the treatment. It relates to 
the program goal measuring whether survivors of torture and organized violence have improved mental 
health and psychosocial wellbeing. This goes also relates with women empowerment as a USAID’s key 
gender-related goal.
The data shows that the goal was surpassed, reaching an aggregate result of 139 percent. Along all its 
implementation period 97 percent of women attended by ACOPLE through the different mental health 
and psychosocial interventions reported at least 12 percent reduction of symptoms.
Exhibit 103. Proportion of females who report increased self-efficacy at the conclusion of USG supported training/programming. 
SOURCE: MONITOR.
MAIN FINDINGS OF ACOPLE’S RCT114
In 2018 a paper with the findings of an RCT conducted on participants of the ACOPLE strategy was 
published by Plos One, an open access journal for global public health research. The trial, financed by 
USAID, was performed by professionals of different institutions including CISALVA of the public health 
department Valle University, Heartland Alliance, and Johns Hopkins University, among others. 
The main characteristics and findings of the experiment are summarized below:
RCT CHARACTERISTICS
Initial recruitment of participants was done using referral from key informants (AFRODES community 
leaders) who were able to contact people affected by violence and displayed suffering, sadness, or 
symptoms of depression in selected communities of both cities. Key informants were requested to refer 
114 This part is based on Bonilla-Escobar FJ, et al. (2018)
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both men and women, followed by a snowball sampling technic where the interviewed were asked to 
suggest others that might have presented the same conditions.
Inclusion criteria were a) being over 18 years old, b) identifying as Afro-Colombian, c) reporting having 
experienced at least one violent traumatic experience, d) having a TMHS (Total Mental Health 
Symptoms Scale) score >0.77 (49 out of 64 items), and e) having any reduced functionality in routine 
activities.
In Buenaventura, 180 participants were found eligible and allocated to one of the interventions applied 
by ACOPLE (n =92; 51.1 percent) or the control group (n = 88; 48.9 percent). 
In Quibdó, 166 participants were found eligible and allocated in equal numbers to each group (n = 83 
per arm). 
The intervention applied to the treatment group is known as CETA (Common Elements Treatment 
Approach)115 that is a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for use in low-resource contexts. CETA was 
developed to treat post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety and other comorbid problems. 
Treatment duration was 8–12 sessions (45 min to 1 hour each).
RCT FINDINGS
• In Buenaventura, the adjusted comparison of baseline and follow-up assessments of symptoms in 
CETA showed significant positive differences compared with the changes in the control group. In 
Quibdó, the level of symptoms of both CETA and the control group were similar in the baseline and 
the follow-up assessments.
This finding is important because according to the authors the difference of effectiveness between the 
two cities may indicate that we cannot assume that intervention known to be effective in one setting will 
be effective in another, even in populations with similar backgrounds.
• Exhibit 104, taken from the RCT’s paper, summarizes differences in symptoms for total mental 
health, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress (PTS), and dysfunction. It presents results for both 
cities and the treatment and control groups. The square indicates the point estimate for the treated
group (CETA) and the triangle the point estimate for the control group, the black Exhibits refer to 
Buenaventura and the grey ones to Quibdó. Each point estimate is presented with its confidence 
interval.
− In Buenaventura, there are significant reductions in symptoms for the overall measure and for 
each component, being higher in anxiety and post-traumatic stress. As can be observed in the 
Exhibit, for each case the confidence interval of the treated group does not overlap with the 
confidence interval of the control group, illustrating the significance of the findings. 
− In Quibdó the reduction in symptoms is lower than in Buenaventura, and for all the dimensions, 
the confidence interval estimates overlap with the ones for the control group, indicating that 
115 A remaining group of the selected participants was assigned to another treatment group where a NGCT (Narrative 
Community Group Therapy) intervention, used as well by ACOPLE, were conducted whose results are presented in other 
paper. In here we only summarized results associated to the CETA approach. 
185 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
there were no significance reductions in depression, anxiety, or functioning symptoms, with 
exception of post-traumatic symptoms, where according to the authors small effects were seen.
• The authors argue that the results in Buenaventura are consistent with the literature and findings 
about this type of therapy in other low-income locations, but the differences between cities are not. 
A possible explanation of this refers to “differences in the social context between the cities: while Quibdó 
has 89 percent of people living with unsatisfied basic needs, Buenaventura has significantly less with 36 
percent of people living with unsatisfied basic needs, also, different armed actors are involved in each city. In 
Buenaventura, drug cartels and armed groups surrounding the drug business, while in Quibdó, the guerrilla 
warfare and armed groups based on illegal mining are the main sources of conflict and violence”.116
.
Exhibit 104. Adjusted pre-post differences of symptoms scores with their 95 percent confidence intervals by arm and city. *
Significant difference at p<0.05
SOURCE: BONILLA-ESCOBAR FJ, ET AL. (2018)
5. ADDITIONAL QUANTITATIVE RESULTS - QUESTION 5
Question 5 inquiries about the lessons learned and results of the VISP pilots developed to strengthen 
the capacity of CSOs on economic empowerment, employability, and incidence in public policies. For 
this question the qualitative analysis is predominant considering that the quantitative information related 
to the supported productive organizations is limited. In this sense the information analyzed for this 
question provides some context about the project, the initial conditions of the productive associations, 
their general characteristics, the kind of support received, and some projected results in income 
generation and employability, relying on information from the project’s final report. 
116 Ibid. p. 13
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The project, executed between 2018 and 2021, defined as a goal to design and implement a pilot 
strategy aimed at strengthening the organizational and productive development of victims in rural and 
urban contexts in the departments of Antioquia, Chocó, Caquetá, Cauca, Nariño and Córdoba. 
Technical inputs would be obtained to contribute to public policy design, including three components: 
organizational strengthening, income generation and employability. 
The project was executed in 6 phases, each one with a related activity or product: i) mapping of socio￾productive initiatives, ii) design and implementation of a pedagogical process of organizational training 
for the selected initiatives, iii) design and implementation a productive strengthening strategy for the 
selected initiatives, iv) protocol for the follow-up and evaluation of strengthening experiences, v) 
providing technical inputs for public policies for socioeconomic stabilization, income generation and 
employability of victims, and vi) develop a dissemination strategy of the experience.
As a result of the first phase, 32 productive associations were mapped in the 6 prioritized departments, 
from which 6 were selected. Table 24 summarizes the main characteristics of the associations selected, 
evidencing the heterogeneity in the organizations, an aspect that the project explicitly sought. 
TABLE 24. PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATIONS SUPPORTED BY VISP.
ASSOCIATION DEPARTMENT MUNICIPALITY PRODUCT(S) MEMBERS MEN WOMEN
PERCENT OF 
MEMBERS IN 
THE RUV
Arpasinuc Córdoba Tierralta Plane-tree 47 29 16 61 percent
Asomesc Cauca Buenos Aires Pineapple 21 -- 21 94 percent
Asproquema Antitoquia Anorí Cheese 207 165 42 48 percent
Grasmer Caquetá Florencia 
Amazonian 
fruits and dairy 
products 25 -- 25 68 percent
Cooproacho Chocó Quibdó Natural oils 21 1 20 67 percent
Cruz de Amarillo Nariño Pasto Milk 23 11 12 91 percent
SOURCE: IOM. 
For the selection process, IOM conducted an exercise to obtain a quantitative diagnosis of different 
dimensions: organizational, public policy and communications, logistic and commercial, environmental 
and technic, obtaining punctations (in a 0 to 5 scale) for each aspect of the organization.117 The result of 
this diagnosis is summarized in the following Exhibit. On average, the supported associations evidenced 
the lowest punctuations in the public policy/communications (3.1) and technical dimensions (3.1). In 
response to this diagnosis, complemented with other qualitative findings, the organizations were 
strengthened in different components following the model of rural management of the Territorio de 
Aprendizaje foundation. 
117 In the final report of the project, it is mentioned that the Index of Organizational Capacities (ICO) adapted by the ANDI 
was applied, although there are no methodological details about this calculations. 
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Exhibit 105. Quantitative diagnosis of the associations supported by VISP before the intervention.
SOURCE: IOM. 
The specific support, the amounts invested, and some considerations about the possible impact of these 
measures118, taken from the project’s final report are summarized in the next table.
TABLE 25. SPECIFIC STRENGTHENING MEASURES BY ASSOCIATION SUPPORTED BY VISP.
ASSOCIATION INVESTMENT 
(COP)
STRENGTHENING 
DIMENSIONS
PROJECTED IMPACT IN INCOME 
GENERATION EMPLOYABILITY 
IMPACT
CONCEPT VALUE119
Arpasinuc $ 96,753,571 
Rural management 
strengthening Plane-tree harvest sale $ 31,000,000 
Improvement of 
the conditions of 
self-employment 
of the associates
Technical assistance for 
food transforming
Sale and self-supply of 
seeds $ 5,250,000 
New associates - 
self-employment 
generation 
3-hectare plane-tree crop 
assembly Sale of processed food
Subject to 
production 
quantity 
New hirings for 
crops
Endowment and 
activation of processing 
plant
Sala
processes improvement
New hirings for 
the processing 
plant
Brand advisory and TICs 
Asomesc $ 93,423,964 Rural management 
strengthening
Plane-tree harvest sale 
(90 tons) $ 81,000,000 Improvement of 
the conditions of 
118 The estimated values of the projected impact in income generation as a result of VISP investments are presented without 
providing an explanation of the sources or methodology used to calculate these numbers, and therefore is not possible to 
validate these indicators. 
119 Estimated values are not reported in the document project for all the strengthening dimensions. 
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TABLE 25. SPECIFIC STRENGTHENING MEASURES BY ASSOCIATION SUPPORTED BY VISP.
ASSOCIATION INVESTMENT 
(COP)
STRENGTHENING 
DIMENSIONS
PROJECTED IMPACT IN INCOME 
GENERATION EMPLOYABILITY 
IMPACT
CONCEPT VALUE119
self-employment 
of the associates
Technical assistance for 
food processing
Sale and self-supply of 
seeds (225.000 units) $ 56,250,000 
Improvement of 
the conditions of 
self-employment 
of the associates
Integral assembly of 
pineapple cultivation 
New associates - self-employment 
generation 
base generation for a 
pineapple seedbed 
office equipment 
Brand advisory and TICs 
Psychosocial support 
strategy 
Asproquema $ 58,446,349 
Rural management 
strengthening
Income increase from 
sells growth (60 percent 
of increase over monthly 
sales)
$90,000,000 
(Monthly) 
Improvement of 
the conditions of 
self-employment 
of the associates
Provision of supplies for 
agricultural warehouse
Diversification of 
services offered by the 
association 
Improvement of 
the conditions of 
self-employment 
of the associates
Brand advisory and TICs 
Improvement of 
management and 
marketing processes
 New job-offers
Corproacho $ 95,222,271 
Rural management 
strengthening
Reduction of production 
costs by 60 percent and 
quality improvement
An additional 
60 percent 
over the sales 
amount 
Improvement of 
the conditions of 
self-employment 
of the associates 
Technical assistance for 
food processing New associates - 
self-employment 
generation 
Adequacy of production 
processes 
 
 
Physical adequations to 
work facilities 
infrastructure 
 
Equipment of work 
facilities 
189 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 25. SPECIFIC STRENGTHENING MEASURES BY ASSOCIATION SUPPORTED BY VISP.
ASSOCIATION INVESTMENT 
(COP)
STRENGTHENING 
DIMENSIONS
PROJECTED IMPACT IN INCOME 
GENERATION EMPLOYABILITY 
IMPACT
CONCEPT VALUE119
Improvement of 
industrial security 
conditions
 
Brand advisory and TICs 
Grasmer $ 141,646,070 
Rural management 
strengthening
50 percent increase in 
production capacity 
Sales income 
doubles 
Improvement of 
the conditions of 
self-employment 
of the associates
Technical assistance for 
food processing 
Improvement of 
the conditions of 
self-employment 
of the associates
Physical adequations to 
work facilities 
infrastructure 
 
Equipment of work 
facilities 
Brand advisory and TICs 
Cruz de 
Amarillo $ 86,944,055 
Rural management 
strengthening
25 percent increase in 
storage capacity (500 
liters) 
$2,074,000 
(monthly) 
Improvement of 
the conditions of 
self-employment 
of the associates
Physical adequations to 
storage facilities 
infrastructure 
Production process 
diversification 
Improvement of 
the conditions of 
self-employment 
of the associates
Provision of refrigeration 
tank (2,500 liters) 
Brand advisory and TICs 
SOURCE: IOM. 
Exhibit 106 summarizes the total amount invested in each association and the investment per associate. 
The data shows that these amounts vary from 141 million to 58.4 million pesos and that the criteria to 
define investment levels was not guided by the size of the organization in terms of associates. Moreover, 
when we analyze the results of the invested amount in conjunction with the average organizational 
score, there are neither a clear association between the level of investment and the average 
organizational score (Exhibit 107).
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Exhibit 106. Investment by association total and per associate (millions COP).
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON IOM. 
Exhibit 107. Investment by association vs average organizational score (millions COP).
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON IOM. 
6. ADDITIONAL QUANTITATIVE RESULTS - QUESTION 6
Question 6 inquiries about the GOC actions, results, and lessons learned to improve the economic 
stability of the victims and if there is a need for USAID programming in this area. We present along this 
chapter data related to the victims’ socioeconomic conditions, using SISBEN data, and number of 
attentions in key GOC programs directed to improve the income generation of this population. 
To analyze victim’s living conditions we use the classification obtained with the SISBEN score, including a 
proxy estimation of the household income that serves to classify the population in four groups from a 
monetary poverty perspective: i) extreme poor, ii) moderate poor, iii) vulnerable, and iv) non￾vulnerable. 
191 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
To summarize the attentions related to economic stabilization, as part of the comprehensive assistance 
measures, we follow the indicators defined in CONPES 3726 of 2012, that stipulates the general 
guidelines, the goal execution plan, the budget and the monitoring mechanisms for the National Plan for 
Comprehensive Care and Reparation for Victims (PNARIV). 
This policy document stablished that income generation is related to initiatives directed to the victim 
population at the local level that contribute to the improvement of the labor insertion of the victims 
from three lines: i) job placement intervention, ii) job training intervention, and iii) entrepreneurship and 
productive units strengthening. Following this classification, the COG defined the following indicators 
focused in forced displaced victims:
TABLE 26. INCOME GENERATION INDICATORS TO FOLLOW-UP ATTENTIONS TO VICTIMS - 
CONPES 3726
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of victims of forced displacement in job-training programs MOW
Number of victims of forced displacement in rural entrepreneurship programs MOW
Number of victims of forced displacement assisted with the line of entrepreneurship and 
strengthening (MOW programs) MOW
Number of victims of forced displacement assisted with the line of entrepreneurship and 
strengthening (DPS programs) DPS
Before analyzing each indicator, it is relevant to note that the MOW and DPS sent the information of 
the forced displaced victims attended between 2013 and 2021, classified by different sub-periods or
years, in some cases annualized, in some cases for a two-year period, and in others without specifying 
the year of the attention. For this reason, the number of attentions is presented for periods that are not 
necessarily of the same length or without specifying the year of attention. 
NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT IN JOB-TRAINING PROGRAMS
According to information of the MOW between 2013 and 2021, 25.5 thousand victims of forced 
displacement accessed job-training programs (“Trans-Fórmate”, “Educandonos para la paz” and 
“Formandonos para el futuro” among others, which are directly targeted towards victims). 
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Exhibit 108. Number of victims of forced displacement who have accessed job-training programs, 2013-2021. 
SOURCE: MOW.
Trans-formate, has the goal of facilitating the access of young people to relevant technical training 
programs for their insertion into the labor market in their regions. The program grants beneficiaries a 
100 percent tuition subsidy for the technical program of their choice and plus financial quarterly support 
during the training process. Educandonos para la paz and Formándonos para el furuto, seek to develop 
labor skills of victims of the armed conflict to compete in the labor market under equal conditions and 
rights. The programs contemplate formation in cross-cutting competencies and technical skills, In the 
case of Formándonos para el futuro, the program includes an apprenticeship to apply the skills acquired 
during the theoretical phase. 
At the territorial level, these programs reached 29 of 32 departments and 40 percent of the attentions 
were concentrated in four Departments, Valle (13.1 percent), Antioquia (12,1 percent), Atlántico (8,9 
percent), Bogotá (6,9 percent), while other territories as Amazonas, Quindío, Guaviare and La Guajira 
represent less than 1 percent of total attentions each. This distribution is probably associated with the 
concentration of victims and with the educational offer with presence mainly in the country’s principal 
cities. For instance, in Antioquia almost 80 percent of the attentions were in its capital, in Valle this 
proportion reached 70 percent and in Atlántico 97 percent.
Exhibit 109. Geographic distribution of victims of forced displacement who have accessed job-training programs, 2013 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON MOW.
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NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT IN RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMS
According to information of the MOW between 2014 and 2021, 4.8 thousand victims of forced 
displacement accessed rural entrepreneurship programs. These attentions respond uniquely to a 
program called Somos Rurales. This is a rural family entrepreneurship program for victims of the armed 
conflict that seeks to enhance the productive capacities, access to assets and the reconstruction of social 
capital of rural families who are victims of the armed conflict.
Exhibit 110. Number of victims of forced displacement that have accessed MOW rural entrepreneurship programs, 2014-2021. 
SOURCE: MOW.
At the territorial level, between 2014 and 2021 the program reached 18 of 32 departments. Antioquia is 
the Department with the highest percentage of attentions with 18 percent, followed by Cauca (10 
percent) and Nariño (10 percent). 
Exhibit 111. Geographic distribution of victims of forced displacement that participated in MOW rural entrepreneurship 
programs, 2014 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON MOW.
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NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT ASSISTED WITH THE LINE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP 
AND STRENGTHENING (MOW PROGRAMS)
According to information of the MOW between 2014 and 2021, 8.2 thousand victims of forced 
displacement accessed entrepreneurship and strengthening programs. These attentions group different 
programs as “Escalando Sueños”, “Emprende pacífico”, “Emprendiendo retornos”, “Trabajando juntos 
por la paz” among others, which have as a crosscutting goal, to support or strengthen productive units 
with capital investments and training process.
Exhibit 112. Number of victims of forced displacement that have accessed the line of entrepreneurship and strengthening 
(MOW programs) 2014-2021. 
SOURCE: MOW.
At the territorial level, between 2014 and 2021 the program reached 24 of 32 Department, with a high 
number of attentions in Cauca (19.6 percent), Chocó (12 percent), Antioquia (10,9 percent) and Valle (9 
percent) that concentrated a 51.5 percent of the total of attentions of the period. 
Exhibit 113. Geographic distribution of victims of forced displacement that have accessed the line of entrepreneurship and 
strengthening (MOW programs) by department, 2014 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON MOW.
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NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT ASSISTED WITH THE LINE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP 
AND STRENGTHENING (DPS PROGRAMS)
According to information of DPS between 2015 and 2021, 90 thousand victims of forced displacement 
were attended in entrepreneurship and strengthening programs. These attentions group beneficiaries of 
different programs as “Mi-Negocio”, “Tiendas para la gente” among others, that are not specifically 
targeted towards victims, but towards poor or vulnerable populations, including victims, who receive 
additional points in the selection criteria. 
Mi Negocio promoted and strengthens individual enterprises to improve income generation. The 
program contemplates the training of the entrepreneur, the investment in equipment necessary to start 
the business, and a personalized accompaniment to guarantee the sustainability of the production unit. In 
turn, Tiendas para la gente, contemplates a training process of grocery store owners to strength their 
personal and entrepreneurial capacities, the delivery of seed capital and an accompaniment process.
Exhibit 114. Number of victims of forced displacement that have accessed the line of entrepreneurship and strengthening (DPS 
programs), 2015-2021. 
SOURCE: DPS.
At the territorial level, the program reached 31 of 32 departments, with the highest number of 
attentions in la Guajira (10 percent), followed by Valle del Cauca (8 percent) and Atlántico (8 percent), 
evidencing a more dispersed distribution of attentions along the national territory.
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Exhibit 115. Geographic distribution of victims of forced displacement that have accessed the line of entrepreneurship and 
strengthening (DPS programs), 2013 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON MOW.
A general conclusion of this analysis is that there is a low coverage of income generation programs, that 
sums around 128 thousand victims attended between 2013 and 2021, when we analyze indicators 
defined in the CONPES 3726, being even lower in departments of the Amazonía - Orinoquía region, 
that added to high income poverty rates (with proxy estimation from the SISBEN the income poverty 
among victim’s is around 64.7 percent120, open the door to the implementation of new income 
generation initiatives, that should built-up based on successful experiences, and targeted toward regions 
with lower coverage of GOC programs. 
As shown in Exhibit 116, the proportion of victims’ households living in monetary poverty according to 
estimations from the SISBEN IV is significantly higher than the national average. While 14 percent of 
households lived in extreme poverty this proportion for victims’ households was 22 percent, and in the 
case of moderate poverty, these indicators were 32.3 percent and 41.7 percent, respectively. When 
analyzing the urban and rural areas, these indicators for victims are also higher. 
120 For these calculations we use a sample of the SISBEN IV uploaded in the national catalogue of anonymized microdata where 
household with a least one victim registered in the RUV were identified. 
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Exhibit 116. Proportion of victims’ households in poverty using SISBEN IV proxy estimates – 2021 database.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON SISBEN IV.
7. ADDITIONAL QUANTITATIVE RESULTS - QUESTION 7
Question 7 inquiries about the main results and lessons learned of VISP’s institutional and technical 
adaptation strategy to support the Peace Accord implementation and the challenges related to the 
support of victim’s related topics in the peace accord. 
To answer this question, in the evaluation design we identified quantitative indicators for 3 of the 8 
analytical dimensions defined in the evaluation design: i) participation in the Integral System for Peace 
(ISP), ii) access to truth (support to the Truth Commission), and iii) peace agreement communication. 
PARTICIPATION IN THE INTEGRAL SYSTEM FOR PEACE
During its second phase of implementation, when the support to instances created through the Peace 
agreement VISP incorporated actions to guarantee the effective participation of victims in the ISP 
instances, including the Truth Commission and PDETs. Regarding PDETs, between 2018 and 2019, VISP 
executed a project to design and transfer a methodology for the effective participation in the of victims, 
seeking to grant them information and tools to influence these instruments for local planning and 
management. The program also carried out actions to strengthen the participation process of the 
victims in the department of Chocó in the ethnic component of the PDET, as well as in the Action Plans 
for Regional Transformation (PART). 
In relation to the mandate of the Truth Commission, between 2019 and 2020 VISP provided support by 
granting a physical space that encourages ethnic victims’ participation, exchange of knowledge and 
visions; experiences and practices; and executed tasks for the territorialization of the methodology and 
of the ethnic protocol for the collection of inputs and information about the effects of the armed 
conflict on ethnic groups. Another important support provided by VISP was the promotion of actions 
that contribute to the development and implementation of the Truth Commission’s extraterritorial 
approach, which guarantees inclusion of the voices and visions of the victims of the conflict who love 
abroad
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In this context, to analyze whether the support provided by VISP directly or indirectly contributed to 
guaranteeing victims participation in ISP spaces, we analyze the following indicators: 121
TABLE 27. PARTICIPATION IN THE ISP INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 7
INDICATOR SOURCE
Percentage of victims who report participation in initiatives promoted by the Truth 
Commission
VL survey
Number of victims participating in interviews conducted by the Truth Commission Truth Commission
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS WHO REPORT PARTICIPATION IN INITIATIVES PROMOTED BY THE TRUTH 
COMMISSION
Using the 2021 VL survey it is possible to obtain an indicator about the proportion of victims who self￾report participation in initiatives promoted by the Truth Commission in VISP targeted municipalities and 
compare this result with victims from non-targeted municipalities. 
The analysis is made using results of the PSM procedure described in Annex D. The results show that in 
2021 the self-reported access to Truth Commission initiatives was lower in VISP municipalities than in 
the comparison group. While in VISP territories the percentage of victims who reported access to these 
initiatives was 3.6 percent, in the comparison group this result was 2.7 percent, although the difference 
is not statistically significant. This result could be explained by the fact that the geographical targeting 
process of the Truth Commission went beyond VISP’s reach and we show in the next section the 
number of victims participating in testimonial taking events is low with respect to the total number of 
victims. 
121 In the evaluation design we projected to analyze from the VL survey the percentage of victims that reported participation in 
the PDET formulation instances but the question to compute the indicator is restricted to those Victims that responded that 
they know PDET and this number is low, only 4.9 percent of them answered this affirmatively, limiting significantly the size of 
the sample to analyze the proportion of people who report participation in PDET instances, for both VISP municipalities and 
non-VISP municipalities. Therefore, results for this indicator are not representative. In addition, to fill this gap, the evaluation 
team made a formal request to the ART, institution in charge of the PDET, to access information about the number of victims 
that are part of municipal committees of participatory planning created under the PDET framework but the Agency answered 
that they do not have the information in the detailed format required to build this indicator or to provide information about
the participants of this instances. 
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Exhibit 117. Percentage of victims who reports participation in initiatives promoted by the Truth Commission - 2021(PSM 
results). * 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
*CORRESPONDS TO THE AVERAGE OF MUNICIPAL RESULTS AFTER CONDUCTING THE PSM
NUMBER OF VICTIMS PARTICIPATING IN EVENTS FOR TESTIMONIAL TAKING
According to information provided by the Truth Commission for the period 2019 to 2021 at the 
national level summarized in the following table, in this period the number of victims interviewed 
individually was approximately ten thousand, while around eight thousand victims were interviewed 
collectively. Additionally, in the same period around 5 thousand victims participated in interviews 
conducted with collective ethnic subjects. In addition, and related to an activity supported directly by 
VISP, in this period 1.8 thousand of victims living abroad were interviewed. 
TABLE 28. NUMBER OF VICTIMS PARTICIPATING IN TRUTH COMMISSION INTERVIEWS. 2019 – 2021
TYPE 2019 2020 2021 TOTAL
Victims, relatives, and witnesses 5146 4244 661 10051
In deep interviews 303 1490 639 2432
Armed actors 85 122 41 248
Third party civilians 3 4 17 24
Life stories 17 85 85 187
Total individual interviews 5554 5945 1475 12974
Collective interviews 2797 3919 1687 8403
Communal diagnosis 309 219 88 616
Collective ethnic subjects 1710 2272 1336 5318
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TABLE 28. NUMBER OF VICTIMS PARTICIPATING IN TRUTH COMMISSION INTERVIEWS. 2019 – 2021
Total collective interviews 4816 6410 3308 14534
Grand total 10370 12355 4783 27508
SOURCE: ECV
At the territorial level, the Truth Commission provided the total of interviews and persons interviewed 
by department, but not by year. This distribution is presented in Exhibit 118. The data shows that 36 
percent of the people interviewed concentrate in five departments (Antioquia, Valle, Bogotá, Nariño, 
and Cauca), what is consistent with the proportion of victims (subjects of attention) included in the RUV 
in these territories that ascended to 33 percent. 
Exhibit 118. Geographic distribution of participants of Truth Commission’s interviews, 2019 – 2021. 
SOURCE: CEV
If we analyze these numbers by department relative to the total number of victims registered in the 
RUV in each department using a rate of participation in CEV’s interview, we encountered that 
departments with low numbers of victims as Amazonas and San Andrés, showed the highest relative 
participations rates, 356 and 323 interviews per 1000 victims, respectively; and in departments with a 
significant number of victims this participation rate n is lower than one. This shows that the selection 
criteria of victims participating in testimonial talking events was more determined by the nature of the 
victimization action more than a geographic selection criterion, and that was limited to a low number of 
victims who could provide significant testimonies that contribute to the truth building process. 
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Exhibit 119. Rate of participation of victims in Truth Commission’s interviews per 1000 victims, 2019 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON CEV AND VU.
If we analyze this information, we find that 27 percent of the interviewed persons were in VISP 
territories (program’s second phase). 
Exhibit 120. Number participants of CEV’s interviews VISP and Non-VISP Departments. 
SOURCE: CEV
In addition, if we compute the rate of participation in CEV’s interviews per 1000 victims, we find that in 
the case of VISP departments this rate was 2.5, while in non-VISP departments this number was 3.9. 
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Exhibit 121. Rate of participation of victims in Truth Commission’s interviews per 1000 victims, VISP and Non-VISP
Departments, 2019 – 2021. 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON CEV AND VU.
ACCESS TO TRUTH (TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO TRUTH COMMISSION)
Between 2019 and 2020, VISP executed projects to give technical support to the Truth Commission to 
develop the “truth meetings” through the creation and design of a graphic novel and pedagogical tools 
that make visible conflict-victims’ dignity with a gender approach. VISP also conducted activities to 
strengthen the territorial processes of dialogue for the coexistence of the Truth Commission from the 
psychosocial point of view in five territories (Colón, Ocaña, Barrancabermeja, Aguachica, La Dorada and 
Morales)122. 
In this context, although the technical support provided by VISP to the Truth Commission covered only 
some specific matters as described above, we assume that the support provided by VISP directly or 
indirectly contributed to operationalize Truth Commission activities and therefore we analyze the 
following indicators having in mind that this information goes beyond the reach of VISP initiatives.
TABLE 29. ACCESS TO TRUTH INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION QUESTION 7
INDICATOR SOURCE
Number of spaces or events for taking collective testimonies carried out Truth Commission
Number of truth houses in operation at the municipal level CEV
NUMBER OF SPACES OR EVENTS FOR COLLECTING TESTIMONIES CARRIED OUT
According to information provided by the Truth Commission for the period 2019 to 2021 at the 
national level, the number of collective testimonial events was approximately 1.2 thousand, including 287 
events for the collection of collective ethnic subject’s testimonies. 
122 None of these municipalities are part of VISP II targeted territories. 
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TABLE 30. NUMBER OF TRUTH COMMISSION COLLECTIVE TESTIMONIAL EVENTS. 2019 – 2021
TYPE 2019 2020 2021 TOTAL
Collective interviews 247 416 203 866
Communal diagnosis 23 10 9 42
Collective ethnic subjects 46 146 95 287
Total collective interviews 316 572 322 1210
SOURCE: ECV
At the territorial level, the data provided by the Truth Commission allows us only to analyze the 
number of events adding the individual and the collective events, and therefore the distribution remains 
similar to the one previously presented for persons interviewed. If we analyze the information, adding 
individual and collective testimonial events, classifying the departments by those corresponding to VISP 
(second phase), we find that 25 percent of the events took place in VISP territories. 
Exhibit 122. Number of Truth Commission testimonial events, VISP and Non-VISP Departments. 
SOURCE: ECV
In addition, if we compute the rate of testimonial talking events per 1000 victims, we find that in the 
case of VISP departments this rate was 1.9, while in non-VISP departments this number was 1.2. 
Exhibit 123. Number of Truth Commission testimonial events per 1000 victims, VISP and Non-VISP Departments, 2019-2021.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON CEV AND VU.
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NUMBER OF TRUTH HOUSES IN OPERATION AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL
To analyze the territorial reach of the Truth Commission, it is useful to observe the dynamic of the 
truth houses. These houses are conceived as political and social spaces that have become centers of the 
Commission’s work in the regions. They are part of the territorial deployment strategy for the 
positioning of truth as a fundamental component in the strengthening of a democratic society that is 
undergoing a transition from armed conflict.
Exhibit 124 shows the number and location of truth houses opened each year between 2018 and 2020. 
While in 2018, the Truth Commission had 5 houses in operation (Villavicencio, Cúcuta, Popayán 
Barrancabermeja and Cali), in 2019 and 2020, it opened 7 and 17 houses, respectively, ending the period 
with a total of 29 truth houses, located in 28 municipalities and 14 departments of Colombia. 7 of these 
houses are located in VISP municipalities (second phase) (Popayán, Apartadó, Medellín, Quibdó, 
Florencia, Tumaco and Montería).
Exhibit 124. Number and location of Truth Commission truth houses by year.
SOURCE: ECV
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PEACE AGREEMENT COMMUNICATION
In this dimension, between 2018 and 2019 VISP implemented a project to strengthen the dissemination 
and appropriation of VL and the Peace Accord through the participatory construction of strategies and 
elements of communication that respond to the needs and interests of the victims at the departmental 
level, with an impact at the municipal level. 
This project was implemented in the 22 VISP municipalities and comprehended the participatory 
evaluation of the communication of the VL and the peace agreement at the territorial level. It also 
included the development of a training strategy in these topics directed towards victim’s representants, 
the design and implementation of local communications plans and strategies, and the construction of 
alliances with local media for its dissemination. 
To analyze results in this dimension, we analyze the following indicators related directly with the 
objective of the project described, above: 
TABLE 31. PEACE AGREEMENT COMMUNICATION INDICATORS USED IN EVALUATION OF 
QUESTION 7
INDICATOR SOURCE
Percentage of victims aware of the peace agreement VL survey
Percentage of victims aware of the peace agreement implementation VL survey
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS AWARE OF THE PEACE AGREEMENT
Using the 2021 VL survey it is possible to obtain an indicator for the proportion of victims who self￾report to know the peace agreement in VISP targeted municipalities and compare this result with 
victims from non-VISP municipalities. 
The analysis was made using results of the PSM procedure described in Annex D. The results show that 
in 2021 the proportion or victims who declare to know about the Peace agreement in VISP 
municipalities was marginally lower than in non-VISP municipalities. While in VISP territories the 
percentage of victims who reported to know about the accord was 41 percent, in the comparison group 
this result was 44 percent, nevertheless the difference between these results (3 percentage points) is 
not statistically significant. In any case, the absence of a base line limits the conclusions that we can infer 
from this data. 
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Exhibit 125. Percentage of victims aware of the peace agreement, 2021(PSM results).* 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
*CORRESPONDS TO THE AVERAGE OF MUNICIPAL RESULTS AFTER CONDUCTING THE PSM
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS AWARE OF THE PEACE AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
Using the 2021 VL survey we build an indicator regarding the proportion of victims who self-report to 
be aware of the peace agreement implementation in VISP targeted municipalities and compare this result 
with victims from non-VISP municipalities. 
The analysis is made using results of the PSM procedure described in Annex D. The results show that in 
2021 the proportion of victims that declared to know about the Peace agreement implementation in 
VISP municipalities was lower than in the comparison group. While in VISP territories this proportion 
was 35.2 percent in the comparison group this result was 41.4 percent. As previously noted, the 
absence of a base line limits the conclusions that we can infer from this data. 
Exhibit 126. Percentage of victims aware of the peace agreement implementation, 2021(PSM results).* 
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM WITH VL SURVEY
*CORRESPONDS TO THE AVERAGE OF MUNICIPAL RESULTS AFTER CONDUCTING THE PSM
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CHANGES IN VISP’S AREAS OF WORK BETWEEN PHASES
As a last analysis of how the program changed between both phases and with the incorporation of new 
areas of work, we now analyze the composition of the number of projects and program resources 
invested in different topics, some related to the implementation of the VL, and others related to the 
implementation of the Peace Accord. 
Using information of the USAID invested amount per project registered in IOM – VISP information 
systems and classifying these projects by aggregate dimensions of analysis we obtained and indicator 
about the investments during the program’s two phases to identify the relative importance in financial 
terms of strategic initiatives developed by VISP during these ten years. 
According to the information of projects registered in VISP’s information systems, IOM executed a total 
of 531 and projects, 315 during the first phase and 216 in its second phase. The total amount invested 
reported in VISP information systems ascended to $206,240,821,825 (COP), from which 
$109,111,484,592 (COP) and $97,129,337,233 were invested in each phase, respectively.
Exhibit 127. Total amount and number of projects invested USAID resources by VISP phases.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON IOM
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During its first phase the highest proportion of the resources were invested in the incorporation of the 
differential approach in the victim’s public policy, followed by the investment made in tasks related to 
victim’s registry and information systems, both with a participation of around 13 percent of total 
resources. In the next line of importance, we find projects related to the decentralization of the VL 
(including horizontal coordination efforts as well as territorialization initiatives), as well as psychosocial 
rehabilitation and historical memory which represented investments of around 11 percent. 
During the second phase, in line with the incorporation of the peace work line, the highest proportion 
of resources were invested in projects related to the dimension access to truth with an investment that 
represented 18 percent of VISP’s second phase resources. These were followed by the investments 
made in projects related to administrative and technical support to GOG agencies for the 
implementation of the VPP and projects related to physical rehabilitation, both with investments around 
11 percent. 
Exhibit 128. Budget proportion invested by analytical dimension and VISP phase.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON IOM
In terms of number of projects, the conclusions are similar, considering that over the first phase the 
highest number of projects were found in projects related to differential approach dimension (70), 
historical memory (57), VL decentralization (37) and psychosocial rehabilitation (25). Over the second 
phase the highest number of projects were related to historical memory initiatives (32), number that is 
striking given the low proportion of resources invested (0.6 percent), followed by projects related to 
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the operation of the CEV (29) and projects related to administrative and technical support to GOG 
agencies (22). 
Exhibit 129. Number of projects by analytical dimension and VISP phase.
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM BASED ON IOM
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8. ADDITIONAL QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 1
TABLE 32. QUALITATIVE RESULTS FROM QUESTION 1
FINDINGS RELEVANT QUOTES
F.1.1 VISP’s support to the characterization of the 
victim population stands out. The program 
supported targeted municipalities with equipment, 
training, and technical assistance to apply 
characterization instruments in coordination with 
the VU to measure living conditions and attention 
needs, as well as to obtain indicators to report to 
follow-up and control agencies. This contributed 
to overcoming bottlenecks of local governments 
related to low technical and fiscal capacity. The 
information collected fed different public records, 
helping to strengthen institutional information 
systems such as VIVANTO.
“There is another great line that the IOM also supports…, and that is to characterize the victim population. Why is the 
characterization of the victim population done: One of the many benefits is to be able to advance the measurements 
that the Constitutional Court itself determines, and they are: Measurements of overcoming a situation of vulnerability, 
measurements, -an input-, the characterization are inputs for, measurement also of minimum subsistence, 
measurements to analyze the effective enjoyment of rights. In an articulated manner with IOM and that is, to be able to 
support the development of the characterization of several municipalities.” (Territorial Institutions - UARIV Medellín)
“… and the task of characterization is definitive, at this moment we are accompanying the characterization of the 
municipality of Pasto, accompanying the characterization of Tumaco as well, so that characterization gives you real and 
current information on the situation of the victim and allows the Municipal Mayor’s Office to make public policy 
decisions .... the characterization is being done in the company of the Victims’ Unit .... Then that information is being 
uploaded to the National Information Network and it will be possible define what the specific needs of this victim 
population are.” (Implementing Partner - IOM Nariño)
“For example, we can mention the characterization of victims, which is an exercise that, from the territorial entities, 
must be carried out. However, then, a territorial entity that is the ones that we serve within our prioritization, which 
are mayors of category six, some category six municipalities, with very limited resources to carry out this type of 
project, need not only to learn, but also to facilitate these coordination exercises with the Victims’ Unit, for example, at 
the national level, so that, in some way, provide them with resources that can be assets, such as tablets; or technical 
assistance processes, training to carry out a characterization process and other elements to comply with those policy 
requirements.” (Implementing Partner - National). 
“If I have 100 displaced victims in my municipality and 50 of them require support on the housing, then how do I begin 
to mark that offer? This characterization is fundamental in each municipality and was one of the technical assistance 
supports that we receive.” (Popayán territorial institutions)
F.1.2 The development of VIVANTO, carried out 
with VISP’s support, improved the pertinence of 
the assistance provided to victims, allowing 
different public agencies to directly and efficiently 
identify individual registry in the RUV as well as 
victim’s access to different reparation measures. 
The consolidation of this system also reduced the 
time between the declaration and registration in 
the RUV through online recording of victim’s 
declarations. The development of registries also 
improved follow-up and monitoring processes of 
the implementation of the VL and served as an 
input for elaborating action plans and budgets. 
“That registration information that is now available to all SNARIV entities, I think this minimizes paperwork, it makes it 
easier, let’s say, for the population that is going to be the object of different offers by the entities to access the 
information through the platform VIVANTO to let’s say make that validation of whether the person is included in the 
registry or not, which is let’s say one of the first validations that are made to allocate the institutional offer that is 
focused on victims. I think this is, that is, the victim does not You have to go through a process with the entity, the 
Victims’ Unit, to certify your status by sending a document to another entity, otherwise all this validation can be done 
through the VIVANTO platform, which I think is one of the big plus in terms of access to the institutional offer.” 
(National Institutions - UARIV)
“So, I think that in terms of the times that the victims had, of the opportunity that a victim has to approach a point of 
care, this has allowed us to say that in the, in the most remote places, the victim can meet through the link of the 
mayor’s office in your state, I can request that a document be updated. So, I think this is essential because having up-to￾date information in the registry is today an essential requirement to be able to access the measures.” (National 
Institutions - UARIV)
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“From that sense, let’s say that it has... allowed all entities to have access to victim information and has streamlined care 
processes. Even the army, for example, was also someone else who, for example, gave the military card to the victims, 
well let’s say that they also had that protocol of sending gigantic lists for us to validate them and today they do it online. 
They do it directly on the VIVANTO tool or through services provided through the VIVANTO tool.” (National 
Institutions - UARIV)
“Then each area of the unit had a kind of mission that was included in this system so that they could attend in a, let’s 
say, virtual, digital way and that everything would be consolidated in the database, and we would not have information 
scattered around, but at the time of consulting it by identification number, we would know what benefits that person 
has. Which ones have been given to them or what process they are in. So that is in front of VIVANTO.” (Implementing 
Partner - National) 
“It is a platform that can show all the traces that a person has had in the different information systems and that today 
make up the Single Registry of Victims. So, simply by entering some variables such as the person’s... document, today 
we can see where the request was made, what the victimizing event is, whether it is included or not included, whether 
there is indeed an associated family group, what its status was, and every day we have been perfecting those variables 
that today allow VIVANTO: First, it supports a great part of the management of the entity in general, but additionally 
the platform that today allows external parties to be able to consult the information in an interoperable way, because 
before, for example, a person existed in the previous Institutions, a letter that was the one that certified that the 
person was displaced.” (National Institutions - UARIV)
“Then here he relied on analyzing all the information that the different sources had, homogenizing them so that, so to 
speak, they had a place within a single one (detail removed). And there he did develop a consultation system to see who 
were recognized as victims and what were their victimizing events. After this, the modules began to be created 
according to the mission of the Unit. Then we had as an ‘online take’, which was a statement given by the person with 
its modules of narration of the events, characterization and also other points for other areas of the unit.” 
(Implementing Partner - National) 
“Today, thanks to the VIVANTO platform, we have somehow achieved completeness and... manage, let’s say, to 
consume information from other entities that allow us to have more and more up-to-date information on the victims. 
Because finally, this registry is not a static registry, that is a record that remains over time, which is also the primary 
source of the public policy for attention to victims on issues of where my efforts should be focused, where is my victim 
population, what characteristics does it have, are they more children or they are more women or they are more men.” 
(National Institutions - UARIV)
F.1.3 VISP supported the development of virtual 
training materials and tutorials for the use of 
Information Systems. It also contributed to the 
design and implementation of a tool for local 
management (HGL) to support local governments 
in the use of information systems and the 
reporting processes. These tools contribute to the 
“Yes, they trained us, they gave us technical assistance on the whole platform issue, that has been a (….) headache and 
they gave us technical assistance on that, on the report that must be done on the platform and that.” (Territorial 
Institutions - Quibdó)
 “Let’s say there is a constant training in the appropriation of the VIVANTO module, in its use, every time we have a 
change of officials, because in the public administration the officials change a lot, I think that the effort that is made, of 
course, will never be enough in terms that there are many and it is very changeable, but let’s say that also from, from us 
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appropriation and sustainability of the results 
achieved in this field. 
and from the National Information Network there is... a whole... training program in the tool as such depending on 
what the you’re going to use.” (National Institutions - UARIV)
“And in those agreements, let’s say that one of the strategies is to give access to the VIVANTO module so that it can 
be accessed, let’s say, through the... victims’ information. In this process, let’s say that the... people in charge or the 
municipal liaisons carry out the training processes. In addition, let’s say the tool has manuals and tutorial videos. So, let’s 
say that this also facilitates the use and appropriation of the tool.” (National Institutions - UARIV)
“And also, in this component of information systems, we have built a tool that has been called the local management 
tool, which is called, short name, is the HGL. It is a tool that allows territorial entities to manage the information, of the 
victim population that they serve. So, it is a tool that allows them to know what is the offer they have, what information 
they should collect from the victim population they have, how they should keep it, how they should share it, where it 
allows them to save this information in the cloud in such a way that, when there is a change of government, they do not 
lose the information of the victim population that they have.” (Implementing partner - National) 
F.1.4 VISP made structural contributions to the 
rehabilitation measure programs for PV: PAPSIVI, 
EREG, and Entrelazando. These contributions 
included: support in the construction of care 
methodologies and territorial operation, support 
for the participation of VPs in each program, 
support in the virtualization of care processes in 
the framework of Covid-19 (in EREG), support in 
care directly from PV (in the form of an agreement 
for the implementation of Entrelazando). 
Additionally, VISP participated in the design and 
operation of the rehabilitation component in some 
ethnic and non-ethnic collective reparation routes 
(developing focused psychosocial actions and 
supporting the provision of endowments).
“…Support the Social Promotion Office with highly experienced professionals in psychosocial care processes for 
victims of armed conflict and from a specific team that, also from its interdisciplinary training and also its work 
experience, had worked on issues of implementing programs with a differential approach. population (...) for several 
years they supported the Office of Social Promotion with a team of experts in health for the implementation and 
improvement of the comprehensive health care protocol for victims with a psychosocial approach. Another component 
that had to do with this exercise was the possibility of expanding the development to the PAPSIVI differential modules. 
So being able to talk about rurality, being able to talk about ethnic subjects, and how the PAPSIVI, from the 
psychosocial rehabilitation strategy, recognized some particularities that marked a difference from the territorial point 
of view, in terms of how to reach rural and dispersed rural areas and implied adjustments to the methodological 
component.” (MOH)
“…in the framework of Covid, we support the Victims Unit in the construction of these virtual tools, that is, we 
transform the EREG… The EREG has other strategies that are like sisters, so there is one for young people, there is 
one for women victims of sexual violence, there are some for adults as such, and there is one for Entrelazando, which 
is the measure for groups. So, we made all these strategies virtual, virtual not through courses, but how the EREG 
continued to be implemented in the context of the pandemic.” (National IOM)
“... Technical strengthening, from construction and feedback and building the strategy with us, qualifying the emotional 
recovery strategy to turn it into a comprehensive repair strategy. In other words, they helped us in the 
conceptualization, in many hands we adapted the meetings and included actions and activities within the meetings, so 
that today we can consider that it is the strategy that allows us and enables access to the three measures.” (UARIV 
National) 
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“In 2019 (...) it had to adapt to the new strategy of the collective reparation model and with this consultancy, we 
managed to make that adaptation, the conceptual and technical adjustments that the strategy needed were made, and, 
in fact, we produced the manual of Entrelazando with IOM, it is a beautiful text that we have and that today is like the 
diary and log of all the professionals who carry out the implementation year after year in the territory and that was 
wonderful and great. And we did it and we were able to do it because IOM made it easy for us. And in terms of 
implementation, we had a cooperation agreement in 2018 and 19 where the IOM accompanied us and helped us in the 
implementation of the strategy, there we also had great learning.” (UARIV National)
“The contributions with IOM have been in all the sessions that have to do with the implementation of collective 
reparation routes. Initially, when we started 2013-2014, they supported us with the collective reparation route in 
Bojayá and Riosucio. (...) And then they have supported us with the implementation of measures in the municipality of 
Bojayá, just now we have just come from... March 9, we closed 3 implementation measures with IOM. So, basically, I 
think that the support has been that throughout the implementation of the route of the collective reparation process.” 
(UARIV, Quibdó)
“Among the endowments, the communal hall was benefited, because it was provided with chairs, two large gas stoves, 
with a hood for odors, with fans, and a library. The school also benefited from desks, a library, that’s part of the help 
because it’s not the same anymore. The health post was also donated because chairs, screens, dividers were placed, 
that was also achieved. Chairs were also brought to the church. To the community mother of the community, also with 
tables, chairs for the children so that they have better comfort. (...) That has also been very helpful.” (Popayán collective 
reparation subject)
F.1.5 VISP facilitated the mainstreaming of the 
psychosocial approach in other reparation 
measures, through the design and operation of 
support actions for relatives of victims of enforced 
disappearance, support actions in taking statements 
from victims of sexual violence, support for the 
Weaving strategy, support actions in the decision￾making process for victims with disabilities, 
support for the humanitarian demining strategy, 
commemoration and memory actions, transversal 
actions of psychosocial support in compensation 
processes and income generation, among others.
“And there we have also had the accompaniment of the IOM, we have their support in the construction of the text 
Routes for relatives of victims of forced disappearance, which today is our guide and our diary and our log, it is the 
document that allows us to today strengthen the organizations of relatives of victims of forced disappearance in what 
they have to do in the search for their loved ones.” (UARIV, National)
“The women’s strategy consisted of 3 days where the women accompanied each other, initially in 2014 it began to 
accompany until the statement, it was to accompany the statement, we did a pair with the Prosecutor’s Office, the 
Ombudsman’s Office, and we accompanied the statement in the Peñol, then many women did their processes separately 
and what we did was when they were going to receive the compensation, a previous preparation, because there were 
situations such as women whose husbands did not know what had happened, then there were the questions around 
‘you why, you Where did you get 20 million pesos from?’ So, for the part of the psychosocial processes, it was to help 
the women to prepare for this matter of telling those truths in the face of sexual violence, confronting them as a family, 
so there was that, the meetings that took place in that and they are, I would think that everything was aimed at favoring 
psychosocial participation in what we did, everything favored technical strengthening exercises received by the national 
team, the links.” (UARIV Medellín)
“For TEJIENDONOS, yes (...) it gave the possibility for more subjects of collective reparation to enter and have the 
possibility of accessing this strategy of psychosocial accompaniment. This year they are going to support returns (...) and 
in each municipality there is going to be a professional, hired by the IOM. (...) And that allows us to develop a 
rehabilitation strategy that is also very nice, right?” (UARIV Collective reparation)
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“... the supported decision-making strategy, which generates a complete change in the legal paradigm (...) that a person 
with an absolute mental disability, could the UARIV shield itself from this regulation that was in force in Colombia, 
because they are not a legislative entity, they are an executive, and to be able to do so without legal consequences.” 
(IOM National) 
“…such a strong conflict we were in Bojayá for example, in 2016 the intervention or the act of forgiveness of the 
FARC to the victims was made, that was an event that was scheduled from the beginning of the year since 2016 and the 
victims as we already came Working with these psychosocial programs, there was a technical capacity, a national team 
along these lines, the victims themselves, the leaders. I remember Leader (detail removed) a lot, who was one of the 
leaders who approached us and he approached us at that moment to tell us that we need support from the IOM 
USAID VISP program to accompany us to prepare our community for that encounter with its perpetrator and we 
started at the beginning of 2019 with a national team that was leading those strategies to carry out specific actions with 
the territory and it was something very interesting, very nice, because let’s not only say that beyond the strategy it is to 
work with individuality, we work with the leaders, issues of individual intervention were made individual, collective 
intervention and it was very important for this space to really fulfill that objective of being a space for reconciliation, a
healing space, because it was indeed evaluated that there were many burdens, there were many situations that were 
still difficult and despite the fact that the work was done, he felt the attention and that situation was still a bit complex.” 
(IOM Chocó)
“VISP punctually supported the psychosocial accompaniment strategy for communities in the process of humanitarian 
demining, called Reconciliation with the Territory. That was the strategy, that VISP did it for Descontamina at the time, 
but VISP designed it, built it and implemented it.” (IOM National)
“Our partner died because they violently eliminated her, so the arrival of the IOM there, as victims of the armed 
conflict, was a great achievement that they came to us to overcome this. We did several workshops to overcome this 
issue and many issues that were hidden in us came to light and we all had the same fear, it had not been brought to 
light, but we all had the same conflict. So, thanks to those IOM workshops it was possible to get rid of a lot of pain that 
was inside, in that part it has been very repercussion that the IOM has come to give us support in this issue of victims.” 
(Popayán Pilot Organization)
F.1.6 VISP promoted the institutionalization of 
care actions for people and organizations that 
guide and assist victims, as well as the 
appropriation of self-care and mutual care actions 
in public servants, victims, and leaders, recognizing 
these practices as inputs for the improvement of 
the quality of care processes, facilitators of inter￾institutional relations and as a contribution to the 
sustainability of care and support processes with a 
psychosocial approach for people who are victims 
of the armed conflict.
“Because what we find in many leaderships is that they load themselves with some populations in which they say that I 
am the voice, but then they continue to carry the pain, they continue to carry the blame, they continue to carry the 
threat, they continue to carry some things because there is no self-care role.” (Municipal Board-Pasto) 
“So we set about a very important task, which was to design for the PAPSIVI teams, the Unity teams for victims, 
emotional care strategies that would allow them to give them a little relief from the emotional burden and the stress 
generated by empathy with the theme (...) , what we tried to identify was how the emotional exhaustion due to 
empathy began to be an element that distanced the victims from an appropriate dignified attention, and burned the 
officials (...) And what we did from that strategy of emotional care for officials, we transformed it into emotional care 
for leaders, for women leaders and members of victims’ organizations, and with time and the increase in threats to 
women leaders who, due to their work in human rights in Cauca (...) well, we adapted the methodology again (...) we 
brought together the Prosecutor’s Office, we brought together the UNP, we brought together the Human Rights 
Police, we brought together the Houses of Justice, the Personerías, the Def condolences, to all those who are in that 
other system, also to work on these strategies while we worked with the leaders, and then we established bridges of 
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communication between them to work with more certainty in their processes (...) An enormous challenge is to 
continue feeding into organizations and members of entities, emotional care tools for themselves and for groups, which 
allows them to stay at an optimal level so that their institutional work, and on the other hand community, is clear, a 
little more efficient and communication to achieve what is wanted in both directions.” (IOM Regional-Popayán) 
“…there was a piece of theory and then the whole piece of energy, reflection, theater, simulation, then I really liked 
that process, because one learns methodologies to share them but also to find oneself, that of the exercise that I have 
participated in and that several processes have participated in that the IOM did through a lawyer, a psychologist and 
another professional and they did all that exercise with various processes, there were like 10, 12 processes in Cauca, I 
participated there and we participated with other compañeras and it was very interesting, it was almost a year, but that 
works great.” (Popayán ethnic authorities)
“I think that within the framework of this psychosocial care, organizational structures, leadership, as a self-care 
environment are indirectly impacted and reinforced, which I think is important because that sensitizes and makes 
people aware, I think it is a challenge to maintain it.” (UARIV Medellín)
“…the other component is caring for the caregiver, normally a person with a disability focuses only on the person with 
a disability, but we don’t know that they have a peer next to them, who is the one who is there permanently, who is 
doing it, how is doing, then care for the caregiver is definitive, it is how to train this person or these caregivers to 
provide a better service for them.” (IOM Territorial Nariño)
F.1.7 VISP supported the training processes of the 
victims linked as community agents in 
Entrelazando, EREG and PAPSIVI, which has 
strengthened their community and institutional 
management capacities, improved access to these 
offers and promoted the disclosure of their rights. 
However, the training processes do not tend to 
formalize knowledge and the community agents do 
not receive remuneration (except in PAPSIVI), 
despite the high investment in time that their 
management, orientation and care work implies for 
others, which generates tensions between their 
personal life and their work as leaders.
“We were instructed to tell people what they were entitled to, if you understand me? (...) they were told about priority 
compensation, compensation for terminally ill patients, all of this was done by PAPSIVI, so people took the opportunity 
to go, to ask for what to do, for example, for land restitution , PAPSIVI even arrived and began to move the land 
restitution thing that is there by quantities (...) Look that PAPSIVI was like a way for people to open their eyes and 
claim their rights and more than with the knowledge of us and the support of the table people began to ask more, with 
more confidence and how to land on the question of claiming their rights.” (Promoter PAPSIVI Medellín)
“Since that is something that is installed in the subject (...) if you are in a village, in a populated center of a village, and 
you have a person who has some tools to accompany, who has some tools to understand some difficult situations of 
people, perhaps to help heal without it being clinical (...) because you begin to weave important relationships in the 
territory.” (UARIV Medellín)
“The psychosocial issue has been very important, because the fact that the victims know the legal methodologically and 
is accompanied by the psychosocial provide elements for people to understand (...) there is also a transformation of 
healing of the victims that that has not been quantified, that is, how today a process begins here and is measured 
further, but in qualitative terms, in terms of behavior in terms of understanding, transformation, leadership because 
many of the victims have become leaders through force because it touched them, because it was that moment, or it 
was or it wasn’t, so this exercise is very important.” (Popayán ethnic authorities)
“…psychosocial accompaniment processes, I manage to see results when I see victims who today have an 
argumentative strength (...) an emotional maturity to face a negotiation with the institutions, when they manage to have 
conflict management strategies (...) with dialogues of non-violent communication, they can contribute to building a 
bridge between them and the institutions to achieve something, and likewise I identify him in the institutions, a little 
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unarmed and knowing that that other comes to him because that is his obligation, that is his task and can do it in better 
conditions.” (IOM, Popayán)
“We made it clear to them, there is an installed capacity precisely so that they can move, but I do feel that it would be 
good to encourage them more so that they organize themselves, establish themselves as really an organization of 
weavers, how to strengthen that. Those important spaces that were given through the measures of Enterlazando.” 
(UARIV Officials Returns and Collective Reparation)
“That was where sometimes we had to leave the family, abandon one’s own to dedicate ourselves to the community. It 
was something that complicated us, we solved something in the community, but something in the family was damaged 
(...) because one tried to get things done at night, just as we were aware that in our house, we had expenses and 
everything, we had to make an enormous effort. First of all, we intensified community work, but we did not leave 
home. But it was intense because we didn’t sleep, it was a huge effort because soaping at night, getting up early like 3 in 
the morning to be able to stop doing and go out again. And since we worked in the fields picking coffee, then there was 
one day I worked in the house and another day I dedicated myself completely to that thing. It was very hard for us, 
especially the ones we finished so far.” (Popayán subject to collective reparation)
F.1.8 VISP’s support for the MOH was 
fundamental for creating and consolidating a 
physical-functional rehabilitation model with a 
biopsychosocial approach in the medium and low 
complexity of the health system. Among the main 
contributions of VISP are the conceptual design of 
the model, the adequacy and provision of spaces, 
orientation of the qualification process, training, 
updating and support for health and administrative 
professionals, and marketing and dissemination of 
the services offered. and support for the dialogue 
between different actors of the SGSSS and the 
SNARIV, and the implementation of disability 
certification.
“IOM has initially supported us with the provision of more expensive biomedical equipment, with the training of human 
talent to be able to provide the functional rehabilitation service, both as physiotherapy, as well as occupational, speech 
therapy, they have been supporting us with the implementation of the biopsychosocial care model (...) since the staff has 
been trained to provide services and implement this biopsychosocial approach in caring for people with functional 
rehabilitation.” (Florence Department Hospital)
“…then the process was carried out to have everything requested for authorization documented, which was the 
exercise they did with the professionals on the entire issue of priority processes (...) the issue of guides, protocols, 
adaptations of clinical record formats, all of how we were going to operate as such in the rehabilitation service. (...) 
They gave us training in marketing, the professionals underwent neuro-rehabilitation, we trained our professionals to be 
able to certify disability and increase our institutional offer.” (Health Center, Montañita)
“In all these places we have supported the training of professionals such as doctors, nurses, auxiliaries (...) so that they 
can not only provide dignified care for the victims, but a few years ago a decree was issued that made Administrative 
reparation processes for the victims, with disabilities, could be brought forward (...) because these rehabilitation rooms 
have served a great deal so that, with the training that has been provided to doctors and health professionals, they can 
do what they says the decree.” (IOM Regional Popayán)
“Not only do they become municipal referents for the issue of rehabilitation, no, they become a node of attention, that 
is, for example, Policarpa, Policarpa can attend to Duitama, it can attend to other municipalities (...) Why? because you 
only have an hour left, half an hour, yes? (...) Many times people don’t have money to spend a week here, or a month 
when they need the rehabilitation service, then the first session comes and is returned, then the issue of rehabilitation 
is truncated, when you establish those services rehabilitation in these municipalities is easier for people.” (IOM Pasto)
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F.1.9 The IPS where the Rehabilitation centers 
operate have become local benchmarks for 
comprehensive care and operate as physical 
rehabilitation nodes for the territorial health 
services network. In these spaces, users have 
greater adherence to treatments given the 
reduction in costs and travel times to them, and 
the positive perception of the quality of care 
received.
“It is a super key issue of work with the municipal and departmental Health Secretary, because to the extent that these 
alliances and these joint works are generated, the department is able to say, ah, you enter these territories, the mayor, 
you enter these municipalities, you are going to have insurance…, but guarantee me that these services can be provided 
here, if I make myself understood? (...) In other words, what I think the system lacks (...) is that health coordination at 
the territorial level beyond inspection, surveillance and control, it is a management action for payment and insurance 
(...) already today they are in the process of modifying the network document to include rehabilitation throughout the 
territory.” (IOM National)
“Yes, I think there were a couple of milestones that I think are relevant, one has to do with the care, assistance and 
rehabilitation route for victims of anti-personnel mines, I think that was a super key issue that we identified in fact in 
the year 1, year 2, (...) we proposed to make a route, let’s say that would allow the ministry and its different instances, 
to agree on what the care processes were like.” (IOM National)
F.1.10 VISP supported the monitoring, evaluation, 
and systematization of rehabilitation measure 
strategies (PAPSIVI, EREG, Entrelazando), and in 
some cases supported the monitoring of targeted 
psychosocial actions in terms of perception, 
results, and/or coverage. However, there are no 
processes for evaluating the effectiveness of the 
methodologies in terms of achieving rehabilitation.
“So all the indicators that had been on public policy up to now, are of number of people, but the number of people, as 
the law indicates, is a clear indicator of process, but it is not the indicator of result that the law expects. The law does 
expect indicators of emotional recovery that do not necessarily depend on the PAPSIVI but are more intersectional. So,
the IOM supports this index, but unfortunately it is the one that is least known, that is least included in politics and is 
the one that could really guide many of the state’s actions.” (MOH)
“I think that those issues where one generates such alliances in applied telemedicine with things that have to be 
resolved from research and from, I call it applied research (...) because sometimes we have very impressive, but since 
they do not have around a construction of evidence against what was done (...) it would be very interesting to go from 
that history of systematization to build scientific evidence. I think that point is super key at the moment and that it 
would be something ideal to continue working on.” (IOM National)
“With IOM we started working with ethnic subjects in 2019, from there we learned, we had technical, conceptual 
strengthening to understand it and implementation (...) Later, last year we had the possibility of having a consultancy 
that helped us in the identification, the construction of the battery of indicators of the monitoring model to identify the 
impact on the implementation of the strategy (...) In the work spaces with them, there is always a process of thanks, of 
confirmation that, in effect, we rebuild the social fabric, that we recover their trust, that we make transformative 
processes possible in them, but that remains there. That really has to be translated into indicators that allow us to have 
a solid base, both quantitative and qualitative. And we achieved that exercise last year thanks to IOM.” (UARIV￾National) 
“There was a part of the process where all the development of tools and procedures for follow-up and monitoring was 
supported. To give a very specific example and it is the PAPSIVI. We support the entire development of the battery of 
indicators for the measurement of the intervention of the PAPSIVI and we support the development of the PAPSIVI 
application, which is where professionals record all the attention, the person’s perceptions, all of that. It was thanks to 
what we were able to do that evaluation.” (Implementing Partner - National) 
“The IOM supported the Social Promotion Office in the design of a PAPSIVI follow-up information system, which is a 
robust, quantitative follow-up system, which includes those served, a type of intervention that was carried out based on 
guidance methodological and the level of intensity of intervention and the modalities. And the way of accompanying in 
the psychosocial, the different moments of follow-up in session 2, in 4, in 6 and assessment or closure of the process. I 
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think that, in comparison to other public entities, the Ministry of Health has a system that is quite rich in information.”
(National Institutions - MOH)
“And it is that we still do not know exactly how many people who have been cared for in the framework of the 
psychosocial care component, are cared for in the framework of comprehensive health, how many are managed in 
health cases, how many are effective, how many are not effective (...) We have not reviewed that, but it would be 
worth even doing an effectiveness analysis against virtual and face-to-face.” (IOM National) 
“So that matter of information systems, of talking about indicators (...) There are people from Medellín who when they 
were with Juan David in 2013 something happened, but in 2016, 2017 I managed to find that there are people with 
entrepreneurships, who write books, which did other things, and that did not happen at the time of the strategy, this 
has an effect over time. For example, there was no way to evaluate it anywhere (...) I think it is time to review that, to 
what extent could it contribute to the repair process, understanding that the repair subjects who entered the 
INTERLACING strategy still have the armed actor there, generating revictimization, has several faces or several edges 
that should be looked at in terms of challenges, I would not know, I think that right now it is that, to systematize the 
strategy, to see how, if it contributed to the transformation of the social fabric and community in these subjects of 
collective reparation, what impacts were there, and how is that a bit, how in the midst of the conflict does it continue 
to function or does it not continue to function through the weavers, because the resources were left there interesting 
for the management emotional, I would think that’s what you should look at.” (UARIV Medellín) 
F.1.11 While VISPs support to victim’s income 
generation actions was not central in the program, 
it did support the implementation of Mi Negocio
(DPS), what allowed to increase victims’ access to 
the program, strengthened its follow-up 
component and developed extra material for the 
production unit’s strengthening process.
“What Mi Negocio had was more of a visit to verify what it received and see how it is doing... what we did was have 
some professionals in the territory to strengthen this, and to have a greater number of visits, especially in those where 
we saw the risk as very high and the implementing partner was not able to emphasize it.” (Expert in Income 
Generation, National IOM)
“In Mi Negocio, everything was written, it had its methodologies... but we also contributed with a Daily Book for 
account management, and some Environmental Management Guides, which was an added value that we gave to PS (...)
we also try to make those workshop exercises a little more practical.” (Income Generation Expert, IOM National)
“We have not been aware of other Mi Negocios, but we do recommend this as a good practice.” (Expert in Income 
Generation, National IOM) 
F.1.12 In employment, VISP mainly supported the 
design and implementation of differential attention 
routes for victims in both training and 
employability processes, the generation of 
capacities of service providers for employability 
and the construction of materials such as 
implementation guides and systematization of 
experiences. 
“The first one when I arrived was a work of closing gaps and additionally strengthening the capacities of the 
employment agencies that are, in a way, the ones that do the intermediation process to guarantee a better attention to 
victims. .... That was the big change in the strategy because it was oriented to placement and we set placement goals, I 
insist, placement goals in the middle of the pandemic, that was very complicated.” (National Institutional Actor - SPE)
“But that’s why the key is the agency, the intermediary, or rather, because you have to give the skills to the one who 
serves the victim, who identifies the victim’s problems, who manages to close the gap, who goes to the company to get 
the vacancy, is the one who convinces the employer to work on differential approaches and on labor inclusion 
approaches and is the one who manages to make the click that is, I have here the person you need and he is a victim, 
but he will be useful for what you need.” (National Institutional Actor - SPE).
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F.1.13 VISP supported in its influence regions 
Collective Comprehensive Reparation Plans, 
implementing activities addressed both at 
institutional and civil society actors, contributing to 
strength governmental efforts to recover collective 
subjects affected by the armed conflict.
“They have been telling the Unit what is missing, what they have done, what needs to be done, they have been working 
hand in hand with them. In our case, we are missing two measures to finish, they saw that what was most lacking was 
cultural strengthening, so in pillar 8 the IOM came into work, to complement (...) The IOM has been very attentive, has 
been very much in expectation of everything that is happening. In itself for the indigenous communities this is new...” 
(Ethnic Authorities - Caquetá Territory)
“They have supported us with several projects since 2020, 19, 20 to here, with two subjects of ethnic collective 
reparation that we have here in Florencia, Resguardo Honduras, Resguardo NASA Gaitan, with Resguardo Honduras 
four projects were developed, there was a very valuable project for the community that was spiritual strengthening for 
the leaders, (...) On the issue of collective reparation, the IOM articulated with the Ombudsman’s Office to support 
workshops, damage characterization workshops, sightings with indigenous communities, this was done because I had 
several meetings with the technical Ombudsman and with (detail removed), we had several meetings on the issue of 
supporting logistical issues of workshops.” (UARIV- Territorial Caquetá)
“...the very important support they have given us to the subjects of collective reparation, to make different closures in 
subjects such as La Rejoya, support in San Níquel, in Jambaló, in Torivio.” (UARIV- Cauca Territorial)
F.1.14 VISP supported the delivery of 
compensation through inter-institutional territorial 
workshops (UARIV- ET) in which it provided 
socio-business accompaniment through the VU 
Accompaniment Program and in the routing to the 
psychosocial rehabilitation offer of the VU and the 
MSPS. However, challenges persist in 
institutionalizing and deepening the accompaniment 
and ensuring that it is prior to compensation. 
Challenges also persist in advancing with the 
delivery of compensations and in articulating them 
with other reparation measures, especially in 
terms of income generation and psychosocial 
rehabilitation. VISP’s support to compensation
projects represented 1 percent of program 
resources, with a total of 5 projects implemented.
“... we suggested to the... IOM team the need to articulate actions to support us in some workshops and it was 
constant (...) From the very socialization of the route. That is key, to facilitate in some way joint strategies that have 
participated with us, in the same workshops, service fairs.” (UARIV- Territorial)
“... with the issue of compensation for the proper implementation, what we are talking about now is a little bit of 
assistance for the orientation of the investment of resources, there was also territorial accompaniment for this...” (IOM - Chocó Territorial)
“...there they discussed savings, how they were going to use their money, a business plan, an investment plan, also what 
could be invested if you did not need any business, for example if you needed housing there was a space, I remember 
they said that if you had that money you could leave your money for a house payment, that is, to pay your house.” 
(Municipal Victims’ Roundtable)
“... on the one hand, there was the accompaniment program in which we sought to generate alliances and processes for 
the adequate use of resources, that is called the accompaniment program of the Unit, where we sought or accompanied 
the Unit to manage public supply, but also the victims to make an adequate use of resources.” (IOM- National) 
F.1.15 In terms of historical memory, VISP 
supported the structuring of the CNMH, the 
dissemination of reports and material through 
various channels, and pedagogy and support to 
implement local memory initiatives. However, 
these types of actions lost relevance in the second 
phase of the program and do not have a high level 
“... the National Center of Historical Memory was technically strengthened in the creation of a booklet, this booklet 
basically had its purpose, it was how to carry out historical memory initiatives such as the step by step.” (IOM￾Territorial Caquetá)
“... if they had an understanding of what memory was and what it was for. And then we realized that we had to do a 
task from scratch to conceptualize...” (IOM - Cauca Territorial)
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of recognition among actors at the territorial level. 
Evidence of the loss of importance of the historical 
memory component, is that the share of VISP 
resources invested in this topic decreased from 
11.1 percent during the first phase, to 0.6 percent
in the last. The number of projects decreased from 
57 to 3.
“With PAPSIVI we did make a compilation of historical memory, at the time of PAPSIVI a quilt of memories was 
presented, another thing that consisted of weaving and with figurines and all that and the victims made some very large 
quilts with the memories of what they were before, and another quilt was made of what they wanted for the future...” 
(PAPSIVI Promotor - Territorial)
“In historical memory what we did with the work of young people, the whole process of recovery of historical 
memory, the design of that which could be done because it was not so developed, the articulation with the National 
Center of Historical Memory...” (DDHHH- Territorial Governorate)
F.1.16 VISP comprehensively supported the 
process of effective participation of victims through 
the work with various national and local public 
entities in the dissemination, implementation and 
positioning of the participation protocol, and also 
through the strengthening, visibility and permanent 
accompaniment of the Victims’ Participation 
Roundtables. This strengthening resulted in the 
incidence of the roundtables in the CTJT and other 
planning and monitoring spaces. This work has 
contributed to building trust and dialogue between 
institutions and civil society. 
“The support and strengthening of these participation tables and support in the Territorial Committees of transitional 
justice.” (UARIV- Territorial Cauca)
“In the framework of the IOM projects, I repeat that I think I have already said it, that their work was a work, let’s say, 
of jointly building not only the methodologies, the tools, defining the strategies for the work with the spaces for 
participation, because they are also pedagogical exercises and it was necessary to do it that way.” (UARIV- Territorial 
Antioquia) 
“The support of IOM was in some cases logistical, for example the payment of transportation, refreshments, but also 
technical because there was an IOM professional who accompanied us to the spaces and we did the training on human 
rights, on the whole issue of public policies for officials to guarantee rights.” (Defensoria- Territorial Chocó)
“With the participation roundtables we have worked on human rights training, the issue of the victims’ roundtables, 
training and technical support for the exercise of enforceability, which they must do. In the effective participation tables 
of the victims, their function is to carry out political advocacy for the guarantee of rights. There we were accompanying 
the IOM in the institutional strengthening project, in the technical secretariat of the departmental victims’ roundtable.” 
(Defensoria- Territorial Chocó)
F.1.17 VISP supported the formulation, 
operationalization and socialization of public policy 
instruments to incorporate differential approaches 
as a constitutive part of the VL, both at the 
national and territorial level. 
“Last year we finished the support in the formation of the public disability policy, which goes hand in hand with all the 
work that was done with the comprehensive rehabilitation guidelines of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. 
This time we worked hand in hand with the High Council for Disability… With IOM, we were able to bring down that 
offer as well and support that diagnostic process and formulation. Today the municipal administration is in a process of 
adapting the investment plan, looking for the space for the municipal council to make the approval and start in the 
second semester the implementation of public policy actions for disability in the municipality of Quibdó.” (IOM Quibdó) 
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“For example, we accompanied all the development of the national LGBTI public policy, and we also developed tools 
that would allow us to monitor that policy. At the time, we supported the Ministry of the Interior and the Unit for 
Victims to establish a political action plan where this intersection of the LGBTI sector victim of the armed conflict could 
be crossed. This product generated something very beautiful and very important at the regional level, and that is that 
they began to talk about national public policy and many departments and many municipalities where the program was, 
they began to say, ‘hey IOM, let’s make municipal LGBTI policy, let’s make departmental LGBTI policy for women or 
only LGBTI or for women and LGBTI.’ But it seems to me that it is an important product in national politics, with a 
very impressive result because it generated a domino on some territories, (where they said) ‘come on, if politics is 
already there, let’s start thinking about a more territorial one.’” (IOM National)
“The support of the IOM was essential, together with the financing of the USAID, in what had to do with the 
formulation of the public gender policy for San Juan. We have right in the reconciliation pillar, which is where those 
actions of non-repetition of the conflict are guaranteed, a macro strategy called public policies that favor peace and 
implementation of transitional policies. So, the support of the IOM, first to have these planning instruments. So here we 
have, in addition to the fact that all our municipalities have been permeated by the conflict, since many of them do not 
have those planning instruments such as public gender policy.” (ART Chocó)
“There was a process of construction of the ethnic briefcase; It was a briefcase with tools for the indigenous and Afro 
peoples that allowed them to understand the decrees with the force of Law 4633 and 4635. These were decrees that 
were issued but there was no one to socialize them. There was a process between institutions and victims to 
understand pedagogically and they (IOM) made some materials called ‘the ethnic briefcase.’ This had all the pedagogical 
content of the decrees, that was a first moment when all the institutional and community strengthening is done for the 
victims to understand and socialize the decrees with the force of law.” (Cauca ethnic authorities)
“The issue of the (Interior) Ministry; We worked a lot with ethnic approaches, because it was their great challenge, 
working with indigenous populations. So, for us, the issue was to bring those decrees with a differential approach closer 
to the ethnic populations. The program took on the task of building 2 tools, a briefcase for each of these ethnic decrees 
and that each of these briefcases would allow us to do pedagogy with all those communities, with indigenous 
organizations, with all those ethnic authorities so that they would understand which is the route, how it was built, what 
was that approach that was going to be taken with them, how were all those elements of an ancestral nature going to 
be respected, the issue of the implementation of prior consultations. So, all this was super important, we had several 
consultants dedicated to this task of starting to do pedagogy with those decrees.” (IOM Antioquia)
“To mention the support, they also gave us on the issue of a differential approach and the ethnic issue, because they 
helped us with the dissemination. First, to understand the ethnic decrees and to be able to incorporate these with the 
team here in charge of this issue with the DAE, so that they could disseminate in an educational way to the territorial 
entities, to the municipal roundtables, this information on the ethnic decrees and strengthen these communities in their 
role under the public policy of victims.” (VU Cauca)
F.1.18 VISP promoted differentiated care for 
victims at the local level through identification and 
registration processes, training of officials and 
adequation of attention centers. However, the 
“With the IOM, work was done, a project, a project was developed at the level of Caquetá to geographically locate all 
the indigenous communities living in the department and a map of all the indigenous communities of the department 
was produced, from each of the municipalities by town. It is a map that the unit has and that has been a very valuable 
tool for the work, on the one hand.” (VU Caquetá) 
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differential attention still requires improvement, 
especially in relation to ethnic population, people 
with disabilities, young victims and victims abroad.
“The issue of disability, the entire component of registration, location and certification of disability. I think that we have 
been working on that from day 1 until now, even in the services. So, at the beginning it was how we manage to make 
the registration process for people with disabilities massive and that information could be crossed to ensure that 
victims with disabilities access care, assistance and reparation routes. So, we started with that purpose from the 
registry, we made a process of strengthening for locating and characterizing people with disabilities, which later evolved 
into disability certification, and there we were always with the Ministry (of Health).” (IOM National)
“We begin to see the presence of the IOM, which has always seen the issue of differential attention to indigenous 
communities, and they begin to fully highlight the ancestral issue. So, they did a great job hand in hand with the Mayor’s 
Office, in which things were highlighted. And well, not only from that space, because I go to another space where 
women meet, not only indigenous women, but peasant women, women in the context of the city. So that’s where one 
realizes that women begin (to say) ‘come on, but you are indigenous,’ to give them recognition, but precisely thanks to 
those spaces that the IOM has supported. So, we think that the IOM came prepared with some great tools, which is the 
work with indigenous communities. And not only with indigenous communities, they have been working with Afro 
communities.” (Caquetá ethnic authorities)
“Institutional strengthening seemed very important to me. In other words, at the moment when public policies were 
being formulated, institutional strengthening came about. I am going to specifically mention the mayor’s office, 
incorporating the differential approach, not only as an approach, but also the differential approach of the public policy of 
victims. It is not just being LGBT, it is being LGBT victim and proof of this is that, for example, the public policy for 
sexual and gender diversity of the mayor’s office specifically has the issue of LGBT victims of the armed conflict.” (Pasto 
Victims’ Roundtable)
“There was also great support on the ethnic issue. At the service point they hired a person, in this case an indigenous 
person, who attended to that population because of the dialect issue, because of their culture and all that. There was 
also provision for the municipal Ombudsperson office at that time and also for the victims’ table. Basically, what is 
sought with this? The dignity of our population and what they really sought was to improve that care for this 
population.” (Mayor’s Office, Tierralta) 
“So it’s not the same for me here to tell you the victimizing fact, and here everyone listening that I broke down and all 
that. So, what happens there? Instead, in a cubicle you already have a little more confidence, privacy to express yourself. 
The Regional Center does have that, and that was, let’s say, one of the recommendations made by the IOM when it 
began to formulate the construction of that, it insisted a lot on that, on the differential approach.” (Municipal Victims’ 
Roundtable)
“People with disabilities or some mental problem say that sometimes they feel impediments, but not with the program 
but with some officials who are in these spaces. They say that sometimes they go and don’t pay attention to them, or 
that they go and don’t know how to guide them where they have to go. So, they start like the puppets, that go here, go 
there, go to the other side here it is not. There are people who are in wheelchairs, sometimes it is difficult for them to 
go to such parts, sometimes not even the entities themselves have the space or accommodation for them to pass. So,
they are barriers that sometimes they encounter first in the program and second in the entities.” (Municipal Victims’ 
Roundtable)
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“So, the institutions barely come to understand the issue of the approach, but they have not understood it completely, 
because one thing is to go with a program to the Pueblo Nuevo reservation and another is to go to Guadúa. They are 
very different and they (institutions) already come with the approach, but with a general ethnic approach.” (Municipal 
Ombudsman Office)
“This government has made some very important efforts in what has to do with the allocation of resources for these 
issues. And I speak punctually in historical budgets in terms of reparation of all the humanitarian assistance to the 
victims. However, it is never enough, and the challenges are great. It is that the universe of having 9 million victims in 
this situation is very critical. I recently had the opportunity to read a report on the situation of victims abroad and it is 
indeed a challenge to show, because at least here is the issue of land restitution, there is accompaniment, but these 
people who still have the same rights but because of access issues and, furthermore, it is more difficult for one to be 
able to get there with this type of program.” (DPS)
“Well, as I told you about the suicide issue... it’s really worrying. I wish IOM had that, that, that opportunity, that space 
to implement so that they can intervene. Because there are many things that have to be implemented, work 
psychologically with young people; that there is an opportunity for academic training, that there is a job, training. 
Hopefully they can collaborate with us on that point, because the reality is worrying, there are many needs. But we ask 
the IOM to accompany us in this process. We do not know between now and tomorrow how many young people may 
commit suicide. At the moment we have already had more than 20 young people who have committed suicide and the 
number from last year to date is worrying. Last year in a month, about 3 or 4 young people committed suicide, in a 
month, worrying things. So, but nobody... sees that.” (Quibdó ethnic authorities)
“From the Afro-Colombian, Raizales and Palenqueras communities there are general intervention guidelines. However, 
there have been few communities or subjects of collective reparation that have been served within the framework of 
the differential modules of the PAPSIVI. So, methodological improvement is one of the most important challenges that 
this Afro component and the spaces for consultation with the Afro roundtable has. Unfortunately, it has not been so 
easy to develop them, because that goal has not had a regular operation. So that has made it a bit difficult for an 
authority and an Afro community council to develop or provide feedback on the differential guidelines that PAPSIVI 
has.” (MoH).
F.1.19 VISP provided strategic support in the 
formulation and implementation of differentiated 
psychosocial care protocols for women victims of 
sexual violence as for children and adolescents. 
Nonetheless, the fulfillment of objectives faced 
challenges over the years. 
“And in the direction of prevention and protection, I also learned about the IOM’s support for mental health actions, 
psychosocial care and aspects such as elements to guide or improve routes of sexual violence for victims of the armed 
conflict, or even exclusive elements of the policy to design those guidelines aimed at sexual violence,” (MoH)
“Another achievement that I think is very important for the program in R4 was being able to accompany the Unit for 
Victims and many victims in being able to develop a strategy to care for victims of sexual violence in the context of the 
armed conflict. I think it is a very important technical and political element that was developed. It gave the Unit the 
capacity to respond to this crime or this victimizing act and also gave a slightly more assertive response than the 
women or victims of this act also expected in the context of their reparation.” (IOM Córdoba)
“The women’s strategy was 3 days where we accompanied them. Initially, it began in 2014 to accompany until the 
declaration; It was to accompany the statement, we did a pair with the Prosecutor’s Office, the Ombudsman, and we 
accompanied the statement at the Peñol. Afterwards, many women did their processes separately and what we did was, 
when they were going to receive the compensation, a previous preparation, because there were situations such as, for 
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example, women whose husbands did not know what had happened, so there were the questions like ‘where did you 
get 20 million pesos?’ So, for the part of the psychosocial processes, it was to help the women to prepare this matter of 
telling these truths in the face of sexual violence, facing them as a family. In the meetings that were held, I would believe
that everything was aimed at favoring psychosocial participation in what we did, everything favored.” (VU Antioquia)
“So, the first thing we did was convene them, get to know them, generate a psychosocial accompaniment strategy to 
provide them with support and backing, and then bring them closer with this institutional framework; that they have 
comfortable, respectful, gentle, friendly spaces, where they could have access to the system, which was the taking of 
statements through the Public Ministry. And we are accompanied by more members of the SNARIV, who are not only 
the continuous ones, but also the accompaniers, the ICRC and other entities to provide them with more continuous 
accompaniment on health issues, on sexual and reproductive health issues, on rights. We brought a complementary 
offer so that the women realized that they were not alone. So, there we created that other space, like since 2013, and 
every year we set out to find more women, but it was very easy because it turns out that in the first group of the 300 
there was a group of women who invited us to meet them in a church over there in a neighborhood of Popayán. These 
women were panic-stricken with fear, but they said, ‘it happened to us and we don’t want it to happen to other 
women, we entered the health system and neither the psychologist nor the doctor treated us with dignity and respect 
and we didn’t know what do.’ So, they set a high bar for us and it was, how to constitute….in 2014 a Law came out 
that said that the route of attention to sexual violence in the framework of the armed conflict had to be constituted, it 
was something very specific.” (IOM Cauca)
“I also wanted to highlight the work on the subject of the (differential) approach, something extremely valuable. The 
Unit is committed to socializing and publicizing the protocol for children and adolescents. Well, I want to tell you that 
at the time the IOM had precisely a consultant to support the Unit throughout this process. In this process a very 
valuable document was created.” (VU Caquetá)
F.1.20 VISP contributed to the construction of 
historical memory with a differential approach, 
supporting research and the implementation of 
community exercises for the preservation of 
traditional knowledge.
“There was also the report that was supported by the National Center for Historical Memory on Sexual Violence. I 
think that this, as well as the LGBTQI+ report, is the first time that sexual violence begins to become visible in the 
dimension that it has. A victimizing act that, I am not saying that the other victimizing acts are not cruel and terrible, but 
indeed acts such as forced disappearance, sexual violence, torture, have functions at the emotional much more shocking 
in people. And I think that having supported that also allowed the public policy of victims to begin to understand that 
this was happening, that this was important and that it was generating quite important challenges in terms of 
reparation.” (IOM Córdoba)
“This was a very punctual support, but I consider it to be of high importance and it is the developments that have been 
made with the LGBTQI+ sectors. The program participated in the development of the report of the National Center 
for Historical Memory, the affectation report. It is the first report at the institutional level of government that carries 
out a very detailed investigation of the effects of the LGBTQI+ sectors in Colombia in the context of the armed 
conflict. I think that this in matters of public policy, but also recognition and visibility of these sectors, was very 
important. For the first time, they were talking about how some sectors of the Colombian population, in addition to 
being victims of the armed conflict, had some effects for being who they were.” (IOM National)
“We wanted to strengthen the cultural theme, but we couldn’t get the suits, we had a few, but the complement of the 
whole suit, the ruana, the backpack, the chumbe, all that was expensive. So, the IOM supported us with this whole issue. 
We are all very happy that they have fulfilled this task in the community. And more than teaching young people, 
children, seeing them happy. It is not the same for a person from the community to sit with them, seeing a person who 
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comes from another place. At the end of that measure that was done with them, they brought the traditional doctors,
and they brought a larger one from Cauca, they brought it with all the elements of harmonization.” (Florenia ethnic 
authorities) 
“Here, a strengthening process was carried out, of empowerment of the entire artisan issue. That is what I know about 
the ethnic and intercultural issue. A very small process was started to support and strengthen the recovery of the 
entire subject of knowledge, traditions, fabrics. In the La Pedregosa peace territory, which was accompanied by the 
IOM, those are the initiatives that I am aware of.” (Ethnic Authorities - Popayán) 
“Another project that was carried out was the gastronomic festival to strengthen the ethnic identity in San José de Uré. 
This is a multi-ethnic municipality; There we have settled Afro communities to a great extent, but we also have Embera 
and Senú communities. This project has an ethnic focus and a differential approach because women also participated; 
Basically, this project was also to strengthen skills that these communities already brought, such as gastronomy. What 
was done was a strengthening of this process that they have been working on and that is part of their ancestry.” (ART 
Córdoba)
“We had an intergenerational meeting where we were with the Unit in the Amazon. That was a long time ago, never 
happened again. It was a generational exchange with a cultural exchange. The IOM produced the whole way in which it 
was going to be developed, all the accompaniment, the logistics part, they delivered some super kits for the elders, but 
the experience was super magnificent, of great impact. I… the truth is that I was moved, I felt super impressed by how 
we leave aside the elderly and they have everything to contribute in knowledge, in culture, in traditional medicines.” 
(VU Caquetá)
F.1.21 VISP significatively strengthened the 
participation of victims’ representatives of 
differential approaches both in the participation 
tables and in participation instances. However, 
these groups still face difficulties, as guarantees for 
exercising an effective participation are still not 
adequate to their particular necessities.
“Well, as long as I’ve been, the IOM has been one of the best allies that the victims’ unit has had in the almost ten years 
that we have been together because they have contributed a lot, for example, in the issue of a differential approach. It 
had a lot to do with the issue of the participation protocol for the indigenous population in the department of Chocó 
and, as far as I understand, it has been the first participation protocol for indigenous peoples and communities in 
matters of legislation in all of Colombia.” (VU Chocó)
“We started with technical and logistical support, we called it the Assembly of Indigenous Governors here in Florence. 
Today it is already called the Permanent Concertation Table, which was created this year. It is the space for debate of 
the public policy of the municipality of Florencia of the indigenous authorities with the municipal government. And well, 
very important because it was a whole process; At first, we met in the same Ombudsman’s Office, the IOM attended, 
of course. We scheduled, we made the enlistment for that day, and that already leads to a result, the result is already to 
have a more consolidated space, to have an indigenous public policy aimed at those axes that indigenous peoples and 
communities have.” (Caquetá Ombudsperson)
“The gender issue has been fundamental. They have worked very hard on the issue of women leaders, so at the tables 
they emphasized the importance of working from a gender perspective, that women could also speak. You know that 
the participation tables were set up with a fairly strong gender focus, we could say significant, because there is an issue 
of peers, of equality, of gender parity in that. The exercise was also training, it was... how always in the training that was 
given, the gender issue could be worked on as an important component for the guarantee of rights and for equity and 
equality in the territory. Yes, it was one of the main themes.” (Chocó Ombudsman)
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“Within the municipal table there are indigenous people, there are Afros and there are LGTBI; they have tried and we 
have tried to work together. Thank God there is no discrimination (…). We have also had training where we have 
always been told: discrimination does not go here, here we have unity, transparency and a single voice (…) The table is
one, at the table we are not going to work divided. There may be differences, which exist everywhere, but we all 
participate, Afros, indigenous, LGTBI, we are all in one voice and we have learned that from IOM and USAID.” (Pasto 
Victims’ Roundtable)
“IOM was also very engaged with young victims. If one goes to look at the topic that was worked on within the 
roundtable, there were the youth lines and the IOM was also participating in the support that was required within the 
table so that this could be made effective.” (Caquetá ethnic authorities)
“I think that it is necessary to work with greater rigor in this matter. For example, we saw in the participation tables 
that, in many cases, a woman could not attend because the husband had no one to cook for him, he could not stay 
alone in the house, because there was no one to take care of the child. So, there are still marked situations where the 
one who has to take care of the child or has to cook are women. There are still quite big gaps.” (Mayor’s Office, Vigía 
del Fuerte)
F.1.22 The strengthening of community 
organization processes led by victims of differential 
groups, went beyond the incidence scenarios 
supported by the program.
“There is a trend that occurs in indigenous territories. A lot of machismo happens, it may be from the social sphere, it 
is a matter of tradition that comes from blood, from a genetic issue and so on. But already through these agencies, 
associations and organizations are beginning to be valued, social work is being done with them, and the self-knowledge 
they should have is being encouraged. So there is already a more structured issue about women’s organizations, about 
women as such. But for an ideal they are usually placated, but now it has improved. There is an incentive to fight for 
that right. 
Here it is rare to see a women’s protest. Now be careful because from one moment to another they know how to 
come here to protest. And it’s legitimate and it’s valid. And that allows us to see that things have been changing. We 
have been coming out of that dark world where there is always a paternalistic, paternal domination, we have already 
been coming out. So progress has been made, progress has been made, but the problem is that it is just beginning. In 
other words, this needs permanent or medium-term support to improve it.” (Municipal Ombudsperson Office)
“And well, the issue of women, which IOM has also worked on, with Prodefensoras, the issue of women leaders, has also 
been strong. With the consultancy, women were identified; we were accompanying the consultancy, supporting IOM so 
that they could identify them. The table of leaders in the department was also established.
INTERVIEWER: ‘Is this also paid by IOM?’ 
INTERVIEWEE: Yes.
INTERVIEWER ‘Is it working as such or not?’ 
INTERVIEWEE): Yes, the table is already constituted, I think they have meetings every month and it is working. The 
contribution of the program has been of great value for the processes, not only institutional, but also organizational. 
Because in some way it has been possible for the victims’ organizations to have a point of reference, a support to be 
able to work in defense of their rights.” (Chocó Ombudsman)
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TABLE 32. QUALITATIVE RESULTS FROM QUESTION 1
FINDINGS RELEVANT QUOTES
“Montelíbano had only one LGTB organization. IOM strengthened those spaces and today there are more than 5, more 
than 7, more than 8. We have an exercise to include new leadership, an exercise with a departmental table and we 
managed to get the organizations that registered for the process of electing the table, more than normal could be 
registered, but that was an accompaniment that IOM gave us. We, with the departmental table, were able to show it to 
the entire department and include more members of the municipalities that were not part of the exercise, to be able to 
include them in the departmental table.” (Victims’ National Roundtable)
“And the young people began to approach us and tell us ‘what about us? what about us, if we are at risk of 
recruitment?’ and that is where they played an absolutely important role. We set up the headquarters with the young 
people, they looked for it, provided it, began to set up the initiatives and started to participate in the community action 
board, but they also built their own processes.” (Government of Antioquia)
“At first, the mental structure of, for example, in the LGBTQI+ issue, the mental structure, does not accept people. In 
other words, blacks make fun of indigenous people and blacks and indigenous people make fun of LGBTQI+ people. So 
not accepting the issue of the differential approach, that’s a terrible thing. Then the program comes and tells us ‘don’t 
worry, I can bring you some speakers.’ There are some speakers who, including me personally, clarified many issues for 
me, it is an impressive thing. So when you have clarity, you can defend that situation, right?” (UARIV Nariño)
“Claiming rights, with what we have learned from the IOM, has been a great tool to be able to defend ourselves. 
Because it is hard to arrive at an institution where they know nothing about the subject. I think that teaching them, 
teaching them, going to a secretary of education, of the environment to talk to them about indigenous communities, is 
great. But precisely because there was great support in the ethnic communities of the municipality and the department 
of Caquetá.” (Caquetá ethnic authorities)
F.1.23 In terms of decentralization of the LV, VISP 
supported the dissemination, understanding and 
implementation of the competencies delegated by 
the LV to local governments. Outstanding support 
included the training and permanent 
accompaniment of municipal victims’ liaisons and 
other officials on issues related to the Law, the 
incorporation of victims’ issues in local planning 
processes, the harmonization of planning 
instruments, the generation of information reports 
and the strengthening of capacities for dialogue 
with victims. This has resulted in greater local 
capacities on victims’ issues in the municipalities 
targeted by the program in relation to other 
territories.
“... the Law started to work, 2013, why, because 2012 was the whole process of institutional adaptation. So that was 
the process of adaptation. We continued attending in the logic of 387, and what this project supported was the whole 
structuring of the response in the framework of 1448, in a very strong articulation with the Coordination of Victims of 
the Ministry of Interior, with which we did a very interesting project, and we made a proposal to the Ministry of 
Interior to set up a strategy for capital cities...” (Governorate-Territorial Antioquia)
“Yes, we received support at decentralization levels, ... in this case from Ministry of the Interior and IOM through the 
VISP Program, because it was like the first steps in the national co-responsibility strategy, which I experienced as a 
liaison of the municipality of Pasto, when we were starting, so to speak, how to involve different actors in the 
implementation of the policy, through regulatory support. So I think that the root of the support or the most valuable 
part of the support in this case of the VISP Program and Ministry of the Interior was that, to pay attention to how we 
implement the co-responsibility strategy and how we make it a reality.” (Pasto Mayor’s Office - Territorial)
“The first component has to do with responding to the requirements of the constitutional court in the framework of 
the T025 ruling, basically, in this component we support the Ministry to structure all the progress reports on the 
implementation of the policy, both at the national level and in the territories...We have also created, under this 
component, other tools that have allowed the public policy to reach the territories more easily and to have a greater 
coverage in the territories. For example, the virtual school.” (Ministry of the Interior -National Ministry)
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TABLE 32. QUALITATIVE RESULTS FROM QUESTION 1
FINDINGS RELEVANT QUOTES
“...a development worker can do a little bit by his nature ... guarantor of certain processes, that, by the simple fact of 
being present, makes certain things be avoided, or certain things happen, but also a little bit call attention to the 
stronger connection that there must be between the national and the territorial.” (Governorate of Antioquia￾Territorial)
“The difference is great, too much, because obviously not all municipalities have the presence of the IOM, the 
strengthening has been impressive, it is very noticeable for the municipality, in terms of qualification, because the 
qualification of the municipality is too low when I arrived, it was in one of the last positions and also, with the IOM we 
have tried to... raise that qualification and the difference has been very noticeable (...) Because while in other 
municipalities you do not see support for project formulation for victim population, we have it. While other 
municipalities do not have training for the formulation of... formulation of planning documents, we... do.” (Mayor’s 
Office- Territorial Caquetá)
F.1.24 VISP contributed to the dissemination of 
the contents, routes and protocols of the LV with 
special emphasis on the territories. It also 
contributed to the construction of concepts and 
normative developments. Among the supports to 
be highlighted are the training of mayors and 
municipal representatives on their new functions in 
terms of participation and communication, the 
orientation and training of victims through the 
effective participation tables, and the training of 
officials of the territorial directorates of the VU. 
At the national level, technical support in the 
conceptual development and dissemination of the 
protocol for the effective participation of victims, 
as well as the formulation and dissemination of the 
decree of co-responsibility to strengthen nation￾territory coordination, stand out.
“...from the very socialization of the route. This opens a new door so that any person can know where to apply for it, 
starting with that, which we count on the support of.... the IOM, through, let’s say, material that was disseminated, 
there have been, let’s say, strategies that generated the delivery of materials, booklets, brochures that I remember, well, 
let’s say it is a very big rout.” (UARIV Caquetá- Territorial)
“…then we also did a communication piece that allowed all those complex things we did with the Unit, with the 
different instances, to be translated into a community language and people started to talk about decision making with 
support in another way, so we did communication things, and I think that was another super key issue that had 
transcendence from the beginning to the end of the component.” (IOM- Territorial)
“We worked with the 10 territorial directorates targeted by USAID, in general, on local communication strategies; that 
is, what the DT was interested in moving in its territory. And there came out many things, let’s say, or two big issues. 
Of course, the whole issue of supply, what is there for victims.... So, that was very valuable in terms of communication 
because we believe that we were able to generate ownership of the law by everyone.” (IOM- National)
“Yes, we not only arrived, not here, we also made visible the... PDET communicative strategy, what is the brand that 
we want to position in the framework of strengthening the development program.” (ART- Territorial)
“So that part of, let’s say, having conceptual and technical support, the contribution of experts to think about certain 
issues because we are in the framework of transitional justice and they are new issues, they are issues that Colombia 
has addressed in an original way, but also on the way, so I think that contributed a lot that we had a respite and that, 
IOM, had given a hand so that there were some external teams that are not in the day-to-day dynamics of a delegate 
who has as much work as the victims, making and thinking about the concepts on which we were going to move later.” 
(National Ombudsman’s Office)
F.1.25 VISP supported the strengthening of the 
RUSISCT (MOI) as well as processes of strategic 
planning and M&E at the territorial level. This 
helped to consolidate the monitoring and follow-
“The second component has to do with the information systems, that is, the policy is reported in an information system 
called RUSICST. This information system collects all the operation of the policy, collects how the progress in the 
implementation and the policy has been changing, it is dynamic, it is cyclical, and the information system has also had to 
adjust to those cycles and to those needs and to those requirements of the implementation of the policy, and the IOM 
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TABLE 32. QUALITATIVE RESULTS FROM QUESTION 1
FINDINGS RELEVANT QUOTES
up of the implementation of the VL at the 
territorial level, serving as an input for local 
planning processes and for the provision of 
differential support to local governments 
depending on their specific capacities in terms of 
victim’s attention and reparation measures. 
However, the redundancy of some information 
systems requiring similar follow-up reports by local 
governments generated extra workloads and 
reductions in the quality of the report process.
has supported the adjustment of that information system, either because new decrees have been issued, or because 
territorial activities must be reported, because those reports must focus on A, B, or C, depending on the public policy 
cycle; and so, we have supported these settings.” (Implementing partner, National) 
“The Victims’ Law has this whole issue of co-responsibility, that is, there is one responsibility of yours, another of mine, 
...., if you do not record what you are doing, I do not know what you did and therefore, actions can be duplicated, so 
that is why it was so important to be able to establish these monitoring and follow-up instruments for the 
municipalities.” (Implementing partner, Medellín territorial)
“Unfortunately in recent years or months there have been some duplications in the issues of monitoring and follow-up 
information systems, which affect the territorial entities themselves... It is that there was a separation, so to speak, 
RUSICST was always with Ministry of Interior and Victims Unit At the time there was a strategy that was separate from 
RUSICST, which was called the PAT board, and another strategy called SIIGO also survived... And now, I think that, in 
this year and second half of 2021, there was a separation, they were working in a harmonious way and there was a very 
sharp separation between Siigo or Tablero Pad, which has already been unified, and RUSICST, so I think that it 
generates a not so good message to the territorial entities, as if there were a certain type of division, at the government 
level, which is not ideal and which overloads the work of the person downstairs at the desk, or the one in the field, so 
to speak.” (Territorial Institution, Nariño)
“Thanks to VISP, we were able to start the task, at the time it was very premature to identify the sources of financing 
and what was executed on victims... so I think that the initial support, at the time, was what we achieved through 
training and technical understanding, that there are other dependencies that execute resources. So, if I’m not wrong, 
that was an increase of almost 600 percent in our resource report and needs mitigation identification.” (Territorial 
Institution, Nariño)
F.1.26 VISP supported improvements in the 
monitoring and follow-up processes of control 
institutions, including the design and measurement 
of M&E indicators and by training public servants in 
the implementation of M&E procedures. The 
program also supported the development of 
accountability institutional instances (e.g., those of 
the MoI).
“IOM applied us as a monitoring and follow-up procedure in terms of results, which also seemed very appropriate to 
me because internally the institutions do not do much, because the planning offices are not good for that nor are the 
internal control offices (…) Then, since there was no monitoring and follow-up tool, the IOM provided the technical 
committees with a strategy or a tool that allowed us to monitor and follow up on the management achieved or the 
results achieved through the process. IOM cooperation support. But that was a tool that they helped us and that we 
worked on collectively, we internally, first in the Ombudsman’s Office and then we presented it to the IOM and then 
we reached some general conclusion.” (National Institutions, Ombudsman)
“We support the Monitoring Commission, we work a lot with the Ombudsman, with the Attorney General, at the 
time, for the whole issue of monitoring, to strengthen those capacities, because sometimes the entities throw out a 
new task, then, ‘You know you have to follow up on this.’ So, in terms of generating capacities within, a lot, we worked 
on it... Above all, like at the beginning. In recent years, not so much. But it was a bit like supporting them to establish 
that Commission, have the tools…” (Implementing partner, National) 
“The last project as a Monitoring and Follow-up Commission, we gave them a proposal for a battery of indicators, 272 
indicators to measure every year and the reports would stop being a little less subjective.” (Implementing partner, 
National) 
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TABLE 32. QUALITATIVE RESULTS FROM QUESTION 1
FINDINGS RELEVANT QUOTES
“In fact, the reports on victims’ issues were always financed by the IOM, they were always very interested in the 
subject. And that forced us to make sure that victims’ issues were always relevant in any report made by the Ministry. 
That also forced us to that the entities with which we made agreements, governorates, mayors, other entities of the 
national order, when they when they presented advances, we had to be aware that they named this, that was done. I 
think it was very important and especially when they supported us to set up the whole issue of accountability.” 
(Implementing Partner-National) 
“I think we had a tremendous influence on being able to show results. Like... I don’t know... that the Unit has the single 
registry of victims and can download the information and tell the country ‘Well, we have 9 million victims, 8 due to 
forced displacement, both for homicide, we have been able to make progress in reparation.’ I think we gave him all the 
tools in terms of reporting, monitoring, and follow-up, so as to be able to say ‘Look, today we have so many victims.’ 
Last week was the accountability event of the Search Unit. The universe of missing persons that the unit presents last 
week is thanks to a project that we had with them.” (Implementing Partner-National) 
F.1.27 VISP’s internal M&E strategy, appropriated 
by the various actors involved in the execution of 
the program, allowed to effectively measure 
advances and bottlenecks in the program’s 
implementation and to take correcting actions 
opportunely.
“We did have a very clear (monitoring and follow-up) system. I think that, in addition, it was very participatory. In other 
words, it was never like the monitoring area over there looking to see what was invented and what it said and what it 
reported. Everyone it had some functions in terms of monitoring and what I have always said, that monitoring, follow￾up and monitoring is like a culture... So, I think that this has been fundamental in the life of the program and I think that 
that is part... also as the results that we were able to make the adjustments that we had to make at the time.” 
(Implementing Partner-National) 
“So, I think we have the monitoring issue very well developed and I think it fulfilled its function in terms of being able to 
give us important information, with which we were able to improve the intervention, phase after phase. Already at the 
program level, because we could not report everything we had, we concentrated it on a specific indicator called the 
Institutional Capacity Index and, from there, we could report the most compact results, more robust than what we did 
in the territory.” (Implementing partner - National. Agreement with Ministry of the Interior)
F.1.28 The Covid-19 pandemic affected VISP’s operation, limiting the execution of face-to-face 
activities in the territory. However, the program 
gave an agile response to adapt its activities to 
virtual spaces, providing actors with ICT 
equipment (in the case of the Victims’ 
Roundtables), taking advantage of equipment that 
had already been installed (in the case of points of 
care) and adapting spaces and services to comply 
with biosecurity measures (in the case of physical 
rehabilitation). 
“Well, since the project has set some goals according to time, some work plans, believe me that the pandemic... 
because of the simple fact of not being able to leave that generated a little delay in the execution of some things, it was 
planned for example during that year to visit or execute, implement x or y journey, action, work, and during that time 
nothing could be done, it was only virtual work, how to coordinate with processes.” (IOM - Caquetá Territorial Office)
“...we did not allow the issue of virtuality to affect the workshops. So we invented the virtual wellness days and we 
invented activities (...) So let’s say that each group invented the agenda in pandemic to be able to motivate the team to 
join virtually and to carry out a series of activities that would allow us to maintain permanent communication (...) In 
terms of articulation with other programs or other IOM support, I did not feel it affected either (...) How do we do it 
with all these tools? It was a whole process to learn how to use them, but finally I think they were tools that helped us 
a lot to maintain this inter-institutional contact and with the IOM, so let’s say that the whole process flowed in this 
virtuous way.” (UARIV- Territorial Cauca)
“One proposal that was going to be carried out was precisely in coordination with ART, with the Search Unit, with the 
Special Jurisdiction for Peace, to train the participation tables in the public policy on victims, in the policy instruments 
such as the Development Plan, the Territorial Action Plan, which we had planned to do in person, with all of them, we 
had to do it virtually, but it was done. And it was done and IOM then had support personnel to go to each of the 
municipalities and deliver biosecurity elements, and they connected and held virtual conferences with the teams.” 
(UARIV- Territorial Antioquia)
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We now present the data visualizations carried out for this question
Exhibit 130. Support for registration actions.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 131. Mentions related to psychosocial rehabilitation vs. Transversal categories. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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Exhibit 132. Support to physical rehabilitation services.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 133. Mentions of “Other reparation measures” vs. Transversal categories.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
233 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 134. Mentions of Satisfaction measures vs. Transversal categories.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM.
Exhibit 135. Mentions about participation in the VL framework vs. Transversal categories.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 234
Exhibit 136. Mentions about support on operative matters vs. Transversal categories.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 137. Support actions for the incorporation of differential approaches. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
235 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 138. Mentions on VL decentralization vs. Transversal categories. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 139. Mentions on monitoring and evaluation actions vs. Transversal categories.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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Exhibit 140. Mentions of transversal categories in Q1 vs. Actors type.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 141. Sentiment analysis on VISP’s support to psychosocial rehabilitation. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
237 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
9. ADDITIONAL QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 2
TABLE 33. QUALITATIVE RESULTS FROM QUESTION 2
FINDINGS QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE
F.2.1.1 From the technical point of view at 
the local level, in the targeted 
municipalities, VISP contributed to capacity 
building in local governments and in the 
territorial teams of national entities (such 
as the VU) through training, retraining and 
updates supported by innovative teaching 
materials and support in the 
implementation of actions. This installed 
capacity contributes, but does not 
guarantee the continuity of the actions 
supported by the program. 
“...I believe that the Ombudsman’s Office, through the support of the IOM, has managed to qualify the teams in the field.... So I 
think that something that the IOM has done and has supported in an agile, timely and above all pertinent way, is to carry out
this work of qualification and strengthening of the team.” (National Ombudsman’s Office)
“We have articulated the results of VISP to a strategy called irreversibility, which is the government’s closing strategy, or the 
strategy established by the Director General, to close and give sustainability to the processes.” (UARIV-National) 
“New people always arrive, but the one who has remained as in time has been me, then I am like the replicator, because 
someone new arrives it is up to me to start explaining the model, the equipment and to accompany that person who is going 
to be with me, that has also been an advantage of having a person regardless of whether it was me, or it would have been my 
other colleague who has also been in this whole process with me that this can continue to be maintained..” (Hospital- Chocó 
Territorial)
“The first consultancies were the driving force for the Commission to say that it is important to maintain it and that is why 
now the team of seven people is contracted by the Commission.” (CEV-National) 
“...it is a support given to the territorial entities, because unfortunately the lack of economic and human resources in some 
municipalities makes it impossible to guarantee an offer of attention, orientation and advice to the victims within the territory 
of the department. So it is of great importance these links, this hiring of professionals because I do see that there is a person, a 
professional who is ready on a daily basis to listen to them and guarantee access to their rights..” (Defensoria-Territorial 
Nariño).
F.2.1.2 From the technical point of view, 
at the national level, VISP left installed 
capacity in institutions that were created 
within the framework of the LV, as well as 
in existing institutions to which the law 
assigned new competencies. This was 
achieved through conceptual and 
procedural developments, as well as a 
close, permanent and flexible 
accompaniment that allowed the adaptation 
of missionary processes and sustained 
progress in the operationalization of the 
law.
“That is, if we look at the proposal and our web (sic) plan and our results, in the sub-result 1 of support to strengthening 
issues, we had 4 sub-results at the beginning (...) Then, the first one was the whole issue of information systems. The second 
was the whole theme of Nation-Territory, to call it somehow. The third one was all about participation and the fourth one 
was about communication.” (IOM- National) (IB)
“All the time. If you see... I think... I don’t know, but, well, many of the resources of this program were used in the training 
process; and something we learned, in addition, in the training, is that you have to leave them the tools so that they can 
continue. The turnover in the entities is enormous. The turnover of personnel is impressive. So, you can train 25 today, but 
tomorrow, of those 25, two are left. And I think we have achieved a very interesting adaptation and, in the last few years, we 
have developed a lot of virtual courses and virtual training tools.” (IOM - National) (AP)
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TABLE 33. QUALITATIVE RESULTS FROM QUESTION 2
FINDINGS QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE
F.2.2.1 In terms of fiscal sustainability at 
the national level, although the new 
Victims’ CONPES allocates budgetary 
resources, these are insufficient to meet 
the demands for comprehensive reparation 
of victims (current and new). Budgetary 
limitations are particularly relevant to 
advance in aspects such as compensation, 
collective reparation, humanitarian 
attention and psychosocial rehabilitation. 
“And the second issue that has a great impact on the law on victims is that the most expensive measure of the law, which is 
the administrative compensation, which today there are more than 1 million people, almost reaching 1,200,000 compensated 
victims, I do not remember the figure, but yes, that is a couple of billion pesos that this has cost, you should know better. That 
measure is not a measure that the law established for the victims of displacement, but that measure was established for the 
victims of victimizing processes, but, if I am not wrong, in 2015, the constitutional court, through a ruling, established that the 
victims’ law should... That the administrative compensation measure, the economic compensation, should be extended to the 
displaced who are almost 80 percent of the victims. So, this obviously made the law unbalanced because, from my point of 
view, if one looks at the CONPES and the economic projection, the government has been judiciously making the necessary 
fiscal appropriations to be able to implement the law. “(IOM- National Sustainability).
F.2.2.2 In terms of fiscal sustainability of 
actions for comprehensive attention and 
reparation to victims at the territorial level, 
the needs are even greater, especially in 
the case of municipalities in categories 4, 5 
and 6, and above all, to carry out 
reparation actions (and not only 
humanitarian attention). The above is 
complicated by the low budgetary 
autonomy of local governments, added to 
their limited capacity for execution, project 
structuring and management of additional 
resources. 
“…the unit sometimes does not have resources because one understands that it is a law that demands to attend to all that the 
victims demand, it requires a lot, many resources.” (UARIV- Territorial)
“That IOM gave the money for the room... Yes, it gave the money for the room, it gave the money to pay some professionals 
for three or six months, I don’t know, the fact is that IOM has completed its six-month cycle and today we are waiting for the 
continuity of the service of the professionals because they left and because today the municipality does not have the conditions 
to pay those officials.” (Mayor’s Office - Territorial)
“Yes, he gave the money for the room, he gave the money to pay some professionals that (…) for three or six months, I do 
not know, the fact is that the IOM has completed its six-month cycle and today we are waiting for continuity to be given to the 
service of the professionals because they left and because today the municipality does not have the conditions to pay those 
employees, since initially the IOM paid them and supported them during the time they were here.” (Mayor’s Office - Chocó 
Territorial)
“...I am honest with you, I have almost not been able to go to Cartagena del Chairá, many times there are resource limitations
and one understands that (...) the unit sometimes does not have resources because one understands that it is a law that 
demands to attend all that the victims demand, a lot, many resources are required (...) Then, sometimes one has the 
commitment to go, for example, without per diem, without anything to go to meet a table.” (UARIV- Territorial Caquetá)
“It is very nice, it is very clear, understandable, but we cannot recognize that the law was born without funding. And if the law 
is not financed, it will be very difficult to satisfy the needs of the victims (...) That is why it says that for the conflict in 
Colombia, for the victims in Colombia to be repaired, it will take 50 years.” (UARIV- Territorial Chocó).
In terms of sustainability of actions to 
strengthen psychosocial rehabilitation, 
there are heterogeneous levels of 
appropriation of capacities at the local 
“What happens is that if we leave it only in the hands of the departmental entity, I consider that they always have to be pushed, 
supported, guided, given ideas, although they know they have a responsibility towards the victims, well I think that they lack a 
lot, a lot, (...) every year the change of secretaries that have to do or are related to the issue of victims... is to start from 
scratch...” (Florencia Territorial Personería)
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TABLE 33. QUALITATIVE RESULTS FROM QUESTION 2
FINDINGS QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE
level, high staff turnover, limitations in 
access to RUV information for the 
application of the differential approach, low 
coordination of psychosocial strategies 
with the offer in physical and mental health 
of the SGSSS and detriment in the quality 
of care due to outsourcing processes.
INTERVIEWER: “Do you from the IPS have access to the RUV?” 
INTERVIEWEE: “We had. At one time we had created some users for billers. But look, right now we no longer have the 
issue.” 
INTERVIEWER: “And do you know what it is due to?” 
INTERVIEWEE: “Well, the truth is that it is an issue that we have dealt with personally and the truth is that I don’t know if 
progress has been made, but I don’t really know what it was due to (...) And I have had very little interaction with the person 
from municipal victims. I don’t know if there is now, but we haven’t had a relationship with the person (...) so far I haven’t been 
invited to any of the meetings that the Municipal Mayor’s Office has held in relation to the issue of disability.” (ESE Salud 
Popayán) 
“So I consider that from the perspective of what I have heard from the communities, this already has a negative impact, not 
because of the implementation as such, but because of not supporting the children - the care professionals - over time.” 
(Territorial Uariv Medellín) 
“…and then the MOH outsourced it, that was terrible (...) they sent some territorial teams and measured them by numbers, 
so it was not the psychosocial impact that it had in the region, but the number of services that were provided. After it was 
seen that this did not work and that we did the entire advocacy process to transform that and they handed it over to the 
departmental health institutes. And the cure was worse than the disease because it fell into the hands of politicians (...) I think 
that the biggest challenge is to gain that credibility again, in hiring suitable professionals in the profile that you want to hire (...) 
and the challenge of separating the political part of a program like this, I think it is essential because that will give the 
professional autonomy to develop their actions in an ethical manner.” (Municipal Table of Victims Pasto)
“In other words, we have some facts that mark a little more the need for these measures in a more comprehensive way, both 
health care and psychosocial care, and this is the case of victims of anti-personnel mines and women victims of the conflict, let’s 
say that also Men and the population with diverse sexual identities would enter, but especially women as a starting point for 
crimes against freedom and sexual integrity where it is necessary that these two components of the PAPSIVI present 
themselves in an integrated manner from the victim population that has experienced these victimizing acts.” (MOH)
“… because number began to prevail over quality, dignity (...) one listened to the professional who killed himself studying, the
one with that gift for people began to question many things and transform his life project because it says no, I’m not going to 
do that, because then for them to pay me I have to have as many people, if I don’t have as many people then I’m not going to 
develop the strategy... I’m going to leave those people lying around, so you should also ask yourself if you were the lifesaver 
that came to that person to be able to name the unmentionable, you are also going to abandon her, that is a re-victimization 
due to a contractual issue, a goal issue, as (detail removed) said, I started workshops with 30 people in the first meeting, and 
ended with 7 people.” (UARIV, Medellín) 
The sustainability of the actions to 
strengthen the physical-functional 
rehabilitation services is related to the 
management capacities of the local and 
national government so that they are timely 
hired by the EPS, the training processes are 
expanded, the information for the 
“Because we always reach a point, we deliver, we equip, we adapt the places, we train, we do technical transfer on the 
management of those low-complexity rehabilitation spaces and outside of that we also put, for a while, some professionals, so 
the idea is that this be maintained with all the commitment of the hospital and with the health secretariats of the municipalities 
so that it continues, because it ends up being a service that hospitals sell.” (IOM Regional Medellín)
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application of the differential approach and 
the dissemination of this offer in the 
territory is strengthened.
“...that they do not stop carrying out these projects with the municipalities. Look, the…well-being, and I even get goosebumps 
because the well-being it brings to the community is immense, that is, being able to remove the barrier that there is in being 
able to access a health service when you see people hours on horseback, people hours on foot, and not being able to access a 
health service, that is, that is very complex (...) So we have to start moving more extramural, that has been another advantage 
of the provision of services, because many of the elements that we have there we can use in health brigades. (...) Many IPS of 
the department are about to be intervened because, financially, they cannot sustain themselves, so being able to have that 
accompaniment as such, such as saying ‘come on, I will teach you how to sell services, come on, we will hold meetings with the 
Departmental and with the Mayor’s Office so that it allows collective relations, contract activities from you and can leverage 
this.’” (La Montañita Health Center).
“And the issue of qualification, I think one of the challenges is how to articulate with the MOH: because the ESE has to pass the 
information to the MOH, the MOH has to pass it on to the departmental institute, the departmental institute returns it again, 
they return it to the ESE, then the ESE makes the arrangements. So how is the empowerment route simplified? Yes, that is an 
issue that is a challenge that we have in the health component, because I am not telling you that it is difficult but it takes time, 
go ahead, go back and go, go back and go.” (Nariño Territorial IOM)
“… that is also a service that the system can pay for, so clearly to the administrative staff to make them understand, all the 
administrative actions that this caused them, they felt very confident knowing that the MOH was the one who was providing 
them with the assistance and the advice and us in the technical part to materialize the training, the provision, the formation and 
the accompaniment.” (IOM Territorial Popayán).
“There is still a big gap in access due to a lack of information (...) there are people who do not know that this service still 
exists. In addition, we inaugurated it during a pandemic. The day before yesterday, when I was speaking with the coordinator of 
the departmental table for victims, I said ‘come on, (detail removed), you have to go and see what is there.’ ‘It’s that they won’t 
let us go to the hospital.’ I, ‘let’s go and go to the hospital to see it’ and it was, rather, what a thing, ‘I’m going to bring it to the 
table because that has to be seen.’ I also told the Victims Unit ‘doctor, we are no longer in a pandemic, we are going to get to 
know the service.’ So I think we have the challenge of making this service better known.” (IOM Montería ).
F.2.3. The implementation of VISP faced 
challenges related to the political will to 
advance in the provision of victims’ 
comprehensive assistance and reparation, 
especially by local administrations. This 
situation constitutes a challenge to 
guarantee the sustainability of the results of 
the institutional response supported by 
VISP.
“Yes, I think that both in terms of the Victims’ Law and in terms of the Peace Agreements, (...) the will of both the national and 
local governments has been quite absent. Because we know that there are many things in the Peace Accords that could have 
been achieved, if we had really had an incidence, a will and a commitment, from the national and local level, many things could 
have been achieved. But I believe that the government has lacked and has not been decisively involved in the implementation of 
what was said in the Havana Agreements.” (Mayor’s Office)
“… I would say that it is not the budget, that it is people who have no sensitivity, people who are very arrogant, who cannot 
see beyond their noses, who do not feel sorry, let alone for those who are in need or for a population that suffers, let’s not 
call it that, because just knowing that I am a person and the other is a person should motivate us and even more if I have the 
capacity, because governments always say that they never have the resources, that is not true, the resources are always there. 
They always have to have the resources because that is what the General Participation System is for, but it is simply will, when
there is no will, you do not get up, if there is no will, you are not motivated to do anything. And it is everything, because
sometimes there are people who do not have the will and they manage to do many things.” (National Victims’ Table - Non 
Institutional Actors)
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“So, I am going to give some examples very much related to political will and it depends on who arrives, on who is there and 
on the policy they define and their particular position regarding the agreement, they give more or less value to the points 
implicit in the agreement. So let us say that we have had a year in which the government in office has given an interpretation, 
but a new government may come in and perhaps assume a totally different interpretation and perhaps a course that has been 
set will necessarily have to take a turn. I am not saying whether it will be good or bad, yes, but necessarily these types of
actions where each one adds a touch, may affect and put at risk some elements of the agreement in terms of what can be 
achieved”. (Ministry of Health- National Institutionalism)
“Look, this (detail removed) is just like the (detail removed). That is, closed. They want nothing, absolutely nothing to do with the 
victims. And that, that this project that we are finishing with the IOM, that we have been training for a year, from caregiver to 
caregiver and let’s say leadership, and that has not been done only with us. (Detail removed). But let’s say, there is a deaf ear to 
this whole process, that is, this (detail removed) does not want anything, absolutely nothing. Look, (detail removed) has not given 
us an appointment, we have asked for it on the one hand, we have asked for it on the other hand, we have done nothing, deaf 
ears. (Detail removed). In other words, there is evidence of a number of shortcomings. 
So in this administration, even though they have been strengthened, even though they have been called, even though this has 
been very complex, I mean, the contact just wants to let go, I mean, it is my turn, but I don’t feel like doing it. No, I mean, I 
don’t want to do it. Then they start to put obstacles in your way, as if to say we have an activity today, something very specific. 
We had a working table for the second week of January (detail removed), and the contact person had to be summoned. And 
this is the time that she did not make the appointment. We have already summoned her for this week and I believe that there 
is a committee on Monday. There is an extraordinary plenary. And to see what happens? I mean, because the incentives from 
last year have not been paid. In other words, there is something crazy going on. They even paid the incentives for the 
participation of the table of 20 and half of 20 or 21, but we are doing the accounts and they do not give the items. So, that is, 
they do not provide the items, that is, the resource is there, they had to pay more and they paid much more. So that, that is an 
awful thing.” (Popayán -Victims’ Table Non-Institutional Actors)
“Yes, quite a lot because within the major tasks that one sets within the program and the fulfillment of those objectives, it 
interferes a lot because within the communities expectations are generated and that is something that one must handle with 
great caution, with great care because suddenly one puts or believes in that political will and that in one way or another 
suddenly in the road or in time that is not fulfilled, So, in view of this, one must handle very clear information on what is being 
put, what is being given, what is being projected, who is putting what, because generating an expectation is too cautious and I 
would think that one has to be very intelligent for the development of the projects. The program has always handled very clear information, we cannot try to depend on this government putting such and such a thing and we comply with this, no, our work 
is this, this is the coverage and if the government or the will of the government has then we expand a little the coverage and 
we comply with more people or with more population; but initially the program has tried to be very exclusive, very clear and 
very limited, in the sense of not generating false expectations to the communities”. (Florencia -IOM Implementing Partner)
“… It is unbelievable that in the territory, mayors or even a governor, the human rights issue is still not on their minds. They 
are not their priorities when they are candidates. Let’s take a look. Let’s make a sweep since we are in elections. How many of 
them talked about defending human rights, at least in their speech: “I defend rights. I defend the animals, I defend human 
rights”. I mean, if one makes a scan, imagine a territory. I mean, for the mayor it is more important, perhaps in his speech and 
in his development plan, the road, the schools. But they don’t talk about the human rights discourse and they don’t leave it 
there” (National -MinInterior) 
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F.2.4 The instability of the working 
conditions of government personnel and 
the high turnover of personnel (partly for 
political reasons), especially in local 
governments, has been an obstacle to 
advancing in the provision of victims’ 
comprehensive assistance and reparation. 
This situation constitutes a challenge to 
guarantee the sustainability of the results of 
the institutional response supported by 
VISP.
“(...) with SNARIV it is clear, there the weakness in sustainability is the change of officials if the thing is radical, for example, a 
change of mayor or Ombudsman who changes his entire team and does not know, that is inevitable because it belongs to an 
environment that cannot be controlled, that we would like it not to run but it cannot be controlled.” (Popayán -IOM Regional 
Implementing Partner) 
“Yes, one thing that I think no one has been able to solve in all the institutional life of this country, and that is the changes of 
officials due to political guidelines, for whatever reason, the participation tables face, and the participation mechanisms face, 
sometimes radical changes and people who are not so oriented to understand that they must be integrated into a dynamic that 
is coming, and sometimes these exercises delay, impede and damage” (Popayán-IOM Regional Implementing Partner).
“(...) as we do not have State policies but rather policies of governors, then a governor or a mayor wants to give priority to a 
certain issue, the other changes the subject and does not give continuity to what they had brought, and so the advances that 
had been implemented go to waste, and this happens in better families.” (Medellín-UARIV)
“(...) they no longer took a professional who was good, but anyone who went because he was sent by so-and-so (....), so that 
professional had to give a share to the person who sent him.” (Montería- PAPSIVI Promoter)
“One difficulty that arises is due to this changeover, as we would say … The rotation of officials because today you would go 
and talk to a secretary, today’s secretary is a secretary who came in after the pandemic, that is, one with whom I worked, 
(detail removed), came in and then he was no longer there, the pandemic passed and this one came in during the pandemic, 
(detail removed), I have met him two or three times. Everything has been by telephone, by videoconference… So it is difficult 
for you to have a common thread that gives you the theme of rotation, but they are the realities of the territory, so you can’t 
make that a problem because then how do you move forward.” (Montería-IOM Regional Implementing Partner)
“In general terms, I believe that there are some challenges for territorial entities to really have the capacity to implement the 
policy. One of them is the loss of capacity when there are changes of government. When there is a change of government, 
much of the capacity that is left installed in the territorial entities remains within the officials, although sometimes we try to go
further, to institutionalize the policy, more than training officials, many of the capacities remain in the officials and when there is 
a change of government and there is a change of officials, I believe that much of the work that is done is lost. This is a 
structural problem, it is a problem that does not even depend on the national level of politics.” (National-IOM) 
“I believe that there is an important component that is always missing and that is that in the territorial entities the work team, 
the employees are not permanent. Until recently, until now, new employees have been joining the governor’s office who have 
been appointed because they took part in competitions and in some municipalities as well, but every 4 years when the mayor 
or governor changed, those people who had been trained left, so there was a drain of professionals or brains, of professionals 
who had already been trained, and then every 4 years, and that, not even every 4 years because as it is politics, then I give you 
a contract for 6 months, but I hire you as a victims’ liaison and after 6 months you leave and another one arrives, so you have 
to be trained again. After a year another one leaves, one who lasts a month, another one who lasted two months, so someone 
else always goes to the training sessions. It is very complicated to sustain a process, and to say that the installed capacity is 
going to remain in time without us being able to do it again. No, we always have to do the exercise again because of that, 
because we do not have permanent professionals in the field. It is a weakness, but it has been done, we have to keep on doing
it, sometimes people say: ‘oh no, this, the workshop again, like a damaged car, always in the workshop.’ It is necessary to keep 
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on doing it because we are not finished people and legislation also changes, contexts change, dynamics change, so what was 
applied in one way this year, the following year the same dynamics changed, so you cannot act in the same way. You have to be 
reinventing, reconstructing, deconstructing things.” (Quibdó- Ombudsman’s Office).
F.2.5 The current regulatory framework 
for the provision of victims comprehensive 
assistant and reparation is sufficient to 
guarantee the sustainability of the results 
achieved by the institutional response 
supported by VISP. However, specific 
mechanisms and scenarios are needed so 
that these legal instruments and policies 
can be effectively implemented.
“I think there is a very big challenge there, despite the fact that SNARIV is called Integral System and despite the fact that now 
the integral justice system has that word integral, which is a very important word in human rights, which is the invisibility of 
victims’ rights, which is good, but I think that in the end that has not been achieved. So each system, each law, each institution 
comes with its own objectives, missions. There is an articulation on paper, but in real practice it does not happen” (National 
Ombudsman’s Office)
“Sometimes you look at some measures and some measures are, give a vest to the human rights people of that organization. 
And the Ministry of the Interior? The Ministry does not have a budget for these things, but there are some measures that can 
be taken. In other words, if one, what happens to us, is that there is no installed capacity. We leave, we leave the thing, we do 
it, we leave and we come back and a year later there are no more footballs, there is nothing. This happens with all of us to the 
National Government because we believe that, having arrived once, we have already complied and this is reported as ‘we have 
complied’ and we are instructed that we cannot return to the same municipality. So, that is why you do not have these 
instructions, you do follow up and monitor how to maintain the processes in the territory. So, I think that, with the presence, 
institutional presence, economic presence and maintaining this relationship, it is difficult.” (National-MinInterior)
“… the other challenge has to do with one of the last things we were saying, how to regulate, that is, how to influence this 
dialogue that IOM has, this high-level dialogue so that these mechanisms of co-responsibility and subsidiarity for participation 
are developed, this is another thing that the program could contribute to in the future if it were to continue.” (Medellín￾UARIV)
“And also, one believes that it is necessary to retake the course of participation in the PDET’s because one thing was the 
planning stage, the formulation stage, where there was a very broad participation, but then that participation decreased, not 
because the communities and organizations, including the victims, wanted it that way, but because the government was not 
willing to continue generating those spaces. So there is another challenge in that participation as well.” 
INTERVIEWER: “Great. Okay, but then those keys, let’s say the keys to the sustainability of that would be a little bit in the 
awareness that has been acquired in the actors that are involved.” 
INTERVIEWEE: “Yes, in the awareness or even in terms of law, there are municipalities that already have that regulated or 
regulated by Resolution, by Decree, that is, there is an administrative act that guarantees it and they are doing it, and that gives 
certain continuity regardless of the mayor that arrives, that gives certain sustainability to this issue of guarantees.” (Medellín￾UARIV) 
“What is happening is that the Colombian state has many requirements in terms of human rights. In other words, we do not 
have the capacity, we are not able to meet the capacities and needs of the territory. We do not achieve them. No, I don’t 
know how to say it. Let’s say that we receive many requests from the management. Let’s talk only about human rights. Look, 
let’s say, we launched decree 6 - 60, which is the Integral Security and Protection Program for communities, which was what 
USAID helped us to finance. In my case, in my case. In Decree 6 - 60 there are many expectations from human rights defender 
organizations, but also from many public servants who see a different view of protection than the material measures of the 
National Protection Unit, and it is to sit down with the organizations to build measures.” (National-MinInterior)
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“I would not change a single comma, it is enough, in other words, what has always been said in the different scenarios, the 
steps are: let’s comply with the decrees, that is, we don’t need to complain, we don’t need to write more, this little bit, let’s 
make it a reality and then we will dedicate ourselves to it when it has been complied with and we have done it; but I think 
there is enough, the norm is clear, the different agreements, the different protocols, everything that has come out in the 
different resolutions that clarify this little bit in order to implement, that is enough, we need to implement and make it a reality, 
I wouldn’t change anything.” ( Montería-IOM) 
F.2.6 From a territorial perspective, the 
sustainability of the institutional response 
supported by VISP also depends on 
structural aspects, such as the weakness of 
the institutional presence and the existence 
of geographical and connectivity barriers 
for the population to access the related 
institutional offer and information.
“ (... ) this government has not played very hard to get those resources to those parts that are the deep Colombia as many say,
which are those places where historically the institutionalism never appeared, or if it appeared, it appeared only with a soldier 
with a rifle, but health never arrived, education never arrived, roads never arrived, productive projects never arrived, attention 
to victims never arrived, so this is the backwardness in which Colombia was, in which we tried and began to work very hard, 
but where one sees that now again this is falling behind.” (Dabeiba-Mayor’s Office)
“...and leaving Popayán in places far away from.... the urban centers, Cauca is a very rural department, surely the distance 
between a village and the urban center where the municipal Ombudsman is, let’s say the distance is a barrier, the travel costs, 
the risks that they run to go to testify can be an important barrier due to the geography of Cauca.” (Mayor’s Office Popayán￾Territorial)
“We here in Dabeiba extend through.... rural area Jairo, there are always 117 villages. Well, how good it would be if we could
talk about making more focused interventions in rural areas where there is a very good participation of the victims of the 
conflict. Because most of them and in rural areas are victims of the conflict, Jairo. So, it would be good if this could be made 
visible as well as it was achieved in the urban area, if it could also be reflected in the same way and with the same depth in the 
rural area, because it also has the same participation and... it links the victims of... the rural area. “(Dabeiba- Territorial)
“(...) Well, mainly economic, but also geographical. There is a lot of dispersed rural population that finds it difficult to move and 
all people … with disabilities even more so. And that some law and order conditions. But, well, they would be communities 
that are too far away and that in the last few years and in the last few months, well, it has... improved a lot.” (Dabeiba- Territorial Institution) 
“(...) that is why we consider that we have gained a space and believe me that any organization, any victims’ table where we 
have been, you ask them if they know IOM and they say: ‘of course,’ they even refer to the person who works with IOM, yes, 
because there are many actions that have been done. So I think we have gained a space through these almost 10 years of 
presence here in Caquetá, we have led many joint actions, articulated, because that has been the objective, is to work hand in 
hand with the government and as a result of that I think that if in some cases IOM or USAID, through the IOM program, which 
is institutional strengthening, would suddenly go away, it is not that it would end, but that it would lose a little bit of impulse to 
continue working in favor of integral reparation for the victims.” (Florencia-IOM Implementing Partner)
F.2.7 The financing of certain activities and 
components of the VL depends on VISP’s 
budgetary support, especially at the local 
level, which limits the sustainability of the 
“…at this moment we are being revictimized again and people feel that desperation at this moment because it is practically the 
way the law arrives is terrifying, they arrive placing bombs which was what we used to hear before to the machines, burning 
them, treating us in any way, even outraging people, so at this moment we still feel the need for PAPSIVI to return because we 
have been revictimized and we are being revictimized.” (Medellín-PAPSIVI promoter)
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actions achieved with the support of the 
Program. “So I think it is a challenge in my opinion, it is still a budgetary issue in many things and what else. I think it has to do perhaps 
with the same as you were saying, with what we have been trying to organize ourselves at home, because it also has to do a 
little bit with the role of cooperation and actions that really have an impact. If suddenly many resources are being allocated for 
some issues and I believe that this was even a priority of the president when they organized the budget of the unit, it is that 
people obviously want the whole process of symbolic reparation and psychosocial accompaniment, but in the end the result is 
that people want their reparation. So it is also to see how we organize ourselves from the cooperation, I say, because there 
are many actions in the territory, many doing many things. I think that APC could take a leading role here. Well, I don’t know, 
to concentrate cooperation efforts much better and more with the challenges that are bigger every day. I definitely believe that 
the issue of Venezuelans has generated an important pressure on the social system, without saying that obviously we are very 
proud that the country has done it, but let’s say that it can distribute those priorities very well, because in my opinion it will 
also be very important because surely even the resources may be there, but not talking to each other and again I say, to 
potentiate the efforts maybe they are not seen and seem very isolated”. (DPS-National Institution) 
“The reflection that the program always leaves us with is that they leave us an installed capacity, they leave us some technical 
tools, a toolbox that they call and that, with that, we are supposed to maintain and replicate, but we came to the conclusion
that in terms of coverage and capacity, let’s say, we always come up short. So it is much more efficient when we have the 
support of international cooperation, of alliances with private companies, for example, because our goals are clear. Yes, the
figures, the goals and our objective is clear, but we know that alone, it will never be enough. So that is where we always need 
to add up. For example, we were talking about the emotional recovery strategy and we said well, we have our psychologists 
here, we have the PAPSIVI team, but what the program has added, what the program has added with the support in these four 
municipalities, with the strategy, has been of great importance, because for example the psychosocial professional here could 
only work in Popayán and not in other municipalities. So we believe that it is always vital to join these efforts.” (Popayán￾UARIV)
“The idea, in order to continue with this, is groups like IOM, like other NGO’s can continue in these processes, because these 
processes do not end, there are new victims that are being displaced.” (Montería-DIRCRA)
F.2.8 VISP has played an important role in 
facilitating the dialogue and articulation 
between the transitional public offer and 
the needs of the victims. A vacuum in this 
role could reduce the fluidity of the 
relationship between the GoC and the 
victims.
“I think it is necessary for the IOM not to... only, well, cooperation, let’s say, not... to act at the moment when the events 
occur, but it is very important in the moments prior to the formation of new governments, because it is at that moment when 
the, where they can, let’s say, influence the will of the governments to be reflected in budgets and programs to address these 
situations.” (Popayán-Mayor’s Office) 
“If the IOM can do this advocacy exercise, continue to do institutional advocacy so that they understand that the guarantee of
rights must be comprehensive, the comprehensiveness of the processes. That a person is not threatened and is afraid to go to 
Medellín because there who is going to respond, they give them food for the first 2 days, but from there on what happens. 
When it is up to the Unit, they give help today, then 6 months later and one dies of hunger.” (Quibdó-Defensoría Department) 
“I believe that I wish we could continue to count on you in the territory, specifically with USAID, the issue of leaving installed 
capacity regarding access to justice continues to be a problem, it continues to be an issue that generates fear among the 
population, I am from here, I have lived here all my life, I love this town deeply, but one feels that fear is persistent, training us 
to generate conciliation in equity in a hostile territory where we are going to leave a person alone to see the conflict, the
actors of the armed conflict, what are we doing?” (Tierra Alta-Mayor’s Office)
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“We need cooperation to accompany us in this process, because we cannot let go of the link, because to let go of it would be 
to weaken the process we have built hand in hand with the IOM during all this time, for example, and this would weaken the 
processes in some way. Besides, we have to take into account that our institutional capacity in the territory makes it almost
difficult to do everything. And this does not mean..., it does not mean that we are or that I am saying that the IOM has to come 
to replace us or that the State has to suffer. It is that accompaniment that is extremely valuable, extremely important, because 
they help us, let’s say not only to organize the work, but to think about how we are going to do it, they give us the ideas, they 
help us to form it, they help us to crystallize it, apart from that they also support us in other ways, with the dissemination, with 
the way it is going to be done, so that accompaniment is extremely important for us.” (Florencia_UARIV)
“It is that these territories are still at war, unfortunately. It is not even in war, in violence, because there are not two actors, 
here there is only one. They continue to suffer violence. I believe that the processes proposed by these institutions should be 
at least in the medium term. Yes, until this is overcome, these communities cannot be left alone. It is true that they have to be 
taught, they have to be encouraged to defend themselves. But cooperation has not been shown worldwide that their 
permanence is important. See, the conflicts in Africa and there is IOM. Yes, there it is. And that mitigates the pain, helps to 
diminish the effects of the conflict. So its presence is important with all the processes they have been doing, because they have 
not been blind. In no way, it is good.” (Caldono-Territorial Institution)
“ (...) but we must continue working on advocacy and political advocacy so that this can be on the agenda and it comes from 
the national level, I believe that cooperation has a very strong responsibility, we know that the State implements it, but 
cooperation is called upon all the time to say to it: ‘look, if you put it on the agenda, if this is not going to you by national 
development plan and you do not force the departments and municipalities to respond for this we will always be in the same 
thing every year,’ then I also believe that I also put the point to the cooperation in how to pull and make incidence and 
demonstrate that this is an agenda item, because otherwise how many millions of victims, almost 9 million victims in the 
country and they will say that it is not an agenda item or you are going to put it an issue of votes only, watch out! because that 
is not the way to see it.” ( Montería-IOM Coordinator).
F.2.9 As part of a permanent M&E 
process, VISP has provided constant 
accompaniment to stakeholders, being able 
to take timely corrective actions to achieve 
expected results of the support and 
implementation of public policy programs 
related to victims. 
“So it is that monitoring and follow-up without a doubt will be that input that will allow us to continue advancing also in 
identifying if what is being generated at this moment we must generate that sustainability that from this moment I tell you, yes. 
Let’s say that the territories require that we can continue with these actions, but also that we can have that as an input to be 
able to, say, escalate in other phases that allow us to take this solution of needs a little further in each one of the territories, 
also understanding that the particle of the particularity of each of the territories that will lead to a level of compliance or not, 
in that monitoring and follow-up that is carried out against the actions.” (National Institutions - Ministry of Health)
“It is of vital importance (monitoring and follow-up), I would suggest and if it is within the scope of the consultancy or that it 
can be mentioned that they have been of vital importance because it allows evaluating the levels of implementation of the 
policy, and that in some way or another way, well, that way you know if you are doing things right or wrong, and how you can 
implement or mitigate this through strategic planning, so I believe that this is of vital importance in the understanding that a 
territorial entity that knows how to understand what that is happening through the monitoring and follow-up mechanisms so 
that it can improve for the following periods.” (Territorial Institution - UARIV)
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“Well, look, I have always thought that a very good practice that we have is that follow-up and monitoring scheme, and more 
than a follow-up and monitoring scheme, it is support for carrying out activities. I feel that we are not a passive donor, we are 
a donor, with the resources, of course, in this case, from USAID and IOM, we are an active donor, we like to be there and 
accompany the activities, I feel that this is a very good practice and should remain as a lesson learned for future actions, 
because this support scheme allows us to know the day-to-day operation of the projects.” (National-Implementing partner) 
F.2.1 Although the institutional response 
supported by VISP has made possible 
advancing on the provision of victims’ 
comprehensive assistance and reparation, 
there are still people who have not 
accessed these components, and 
furthermore, victimizing acts continue to 
occur. This implies that the universe of 
victims to be assisted and repaired 
continues to increase, leading to both 
operational and fiscal challenges.
“In other words, the 10 years of 1448 passed and instead of it being easier to materialize, they said, let’s give it another 10 and 
the number continues, because in this resurgence, not only those who were returning but there was a mutation and a new 
generation of other actors, so we no longer have only one input of victimizers but we have several and I remember when the 
Victims’ Law was created here we reached 2 million people and that was it, that was the budget, those 2 million became 4, 5, 
and we are at 9 and if in 10 years we were not able to reach those 7 and we have already reached 9, who guarantees that in 
these 10 new ones that were given, this will materialize? Actually people, in quotation marks, because when we started the 
mental health issue, I remember that we were told not to pathologize, it is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation, but the 
reaction became habitual, it became a naturalization of the affectation that is part of our life, it became pathologized, it is no 
longer just let’s have a drink and talk, it is you need attention.” (Medellín-UARIV)
“Little by little, more than 12 million victims, less than 10 percent of those victims compensated, a backlog that never ends 
because we started with 8 million when the prioritization of victims for compensation was created and we are already at more 
than 12 and in this time, these days it has already stopped twice to keep the accounts, but that is already surpassed with all that 
amount of displacements in Colombia. And then, let’s say the State has done as I have little money, I adapt and it is a norm, I 
make the regulations around it and then I implement around the compensation that I am only going to compensate people with 
disabilities, terminally ill and over 68 years old.” (Florencia-UARIV)
“No because there is still a deficiency, we are already almost 2 years into the new ordinance and what we have grown in 
reparations has not been proportionally to what was raised. This means that already, and also the increase of new victims was
not taken into account. It seems to me that a projection was not made according to the displacement in a complete period, in 
order to make a future projection. So that this future projection would also be included in the process of the law. We are 
always working, as I said, a portrait of what we have and we do it, but it turns out that when you provide a resource to repair 
some victims and it turns out that when you finish repairing that group already has another 50 percent more, let’s say that we 
will never reach 100 percent or we will not be able to reach it efficiently, because we always have a high percentage that will 
still be unable to repair.” (Montería-DIRCRA)
“It is very nice, it is very clear, understandable, but we cannot recognize that the law was born defunded. And if the law is not 
financed, then it will be very difficult to satisfy the needs of the victims (...) Because the victims, the population says to you, 
well, I am compensated, because I lost everything, I lost my productive position, my house. So, look what the 5 measures of 
reparation are and sometimes (...) we comply with one.” (Quibdó-UARIV Territorial Institution)
“But the institutions and it depends on the administration because there are administrations that have no knowledge about the 
law, about the benefits we have and have not paid attention to it. More than anything it is political will. Here we have looked at 
other municipalities that have a large budget support and are also in this category. But here, the budget for the table has never passed and in recent times about 5 or 6 million.” (Caldono-Institutional Actors) 
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“(...) with this government that is ending, it has been complex (....) there is no guarantee in terms of economic resources to
execute the public policy for victims, a policy that was created ignoring the budgetary reality of the territorial entities, yes, 
because as I mentioned before, only in the assistance and attention component, we as territorial entities have to guarantee 
housing projects, projects related to health, education, the same immediacy, productive projects, then there are municipalities 
that do not really have resources as such to execute this public policy and that is what I am talking about the components, 
assistance and attention yes, then from the national government we do not receive a direct transfer for the attention to the 
victim population in displacement condition, there is none, then it is more than everything with the little fingernail that the 
administration takes from one, (detail removed), play it! It is up to you, but there is no support from the national government in 
relation to this.” (Quibdó-Alcaldía) 
F.2.2 The continuity of violence in 
Colombia, especially in the areas targeted 
by VISP, represents a challenge for the 
sustainability of the results associated with 
the provision of victims’ comprehensive 
assistance and reparation. In particular, the 
absence of effective security guarantees for 
people participation and for the defense of 
human rights represents a challenge for the 
sustainability of the actions carried out in 
the context of the Program.
“The security of public order in some of our territories is affecting us a lot for the implementation. Departments such as 
Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Sur Oriente Antioqueño, Bolívar, Montes de María, Chocó terribly, Chocó, the issue is very strong, 
because it has made it impossible to reach the communities and that is very painful because in addition to having the capacity 
and the possibility, we cannot reach them because we not only put the professionals at risk, but also the community, which is
what is most.... we are not more anxious than the other, the same, to expose the professional, but also to expose the 
community, so this is a huge challenge. Sadly, we have not been able to accompany some territories.” (UARIV-National 
Institution) 
“Well, not for now. I would say (...) suddenly, since there is the presence of... the actors (...) warring groups, armed groups, 
sometimes they sometimes impede, I think that in the implementation of the action plan that is already being executed in some
points, because they restrict, for example to move from one community to another, if it is after 6 o’clock in the afternoon it is 
no longer possible to move. So, I think that they are difficulties that yes and that is so.” (Quibdó-Ethnic_Authorities) 
“Look, we are afraid here, because of everything that has happened with the issue of aggression against leaders in protection. 
To me or to a colleague who is a defender, who is not here now because she was involved in a conflict and had to move to 
Medellín because of threats, and from there she continues to manage and execute things so that they can come to the 
municipality and she is not offered guarantees. Here there are no guarantees.” (Vigia Victims’ Roundtable) 
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“Violence was a major constraint for everything. In Buena Aventura, for example, there were weeks in which we were 
stranded in the attention center because there was a bomb threat in the neighborhood, because there was a warning that we 
could not go to the neighborhoods or to certain neighborhoods, so we had to stay tied up, because we could not attend or go 
to look for people. There was always the need to find new people and we could not, because they were going to kill us. We 
had no authorization to enter. So it was better to be safe than sorry. And always in a good adventure, there would always be 
bomb threats all the time. Almost always the security all the time was bad, like, no, last night they were shooting around here, 
scaring the people or the people knew which streets there were houses of pique, so we couldn’t go in here to knock on doors, 
for example, because we were going to raise the alarm. 
Some of the people that we definitely could not reach, we would meet them at the church, so the number of people that 
could walk and get to the church was limited, or the word of mouth that there was a project for mental health reached them. 
Obviously they were also doing intelligence on us, so they were going to see what we were doing? Unarmed men, just passing 
by as a community, but finding out what we were doing, because obviously mental health goes against the process of terror 
that armed groups are looking for, right? So when we could not go to the neighborhood, we had to make calls in community 
centers or churches or health centers. For example, a neighborhood we never entered was (detail removed), we went to the 
door of the neighborhood, so to speak. We met a leader there and she got us the rest of the people, but we never entered 
the neighborhood. These are areas that you can’t enter in a country with democracy, with freedoms, there are areas that you 
can’t get to just because, because there is someone else who owns that, even though it is a public area, roads and things like 
that.” (CISALVA Institute)
“Now there is an early alert in Curillo, it began in January, when I traveled to the Valley on the 27th, when I went (detail 
removed), she told me: ‘the army arrived last night with a horn saying that children under 10 years old, 12, 13, 14, should not be 
left in the street, but early in the house lying down because they were recruiting.’ They are recruiting the children, the 
dissidence is taking them, then she tells me: ‘(detail removed) I to go back there with what fear’ I told her no because the early 
alert is and we take her out, the child is 14 years old and is doing eighth grade, she is with that means, to be taken away, they 
are vulnerable neighborhoods where most of them are children.” (Florencia-Municipal Table of Victims)
“There are many who are not connected. For example, last year I was in the collective reparation program (...) for the peasant 
farmer. And there they asked me for this topic, which in fact I remembered that it is not even important for the municipalities. Not even the local mayor’s office does it and we cannot do it either (...) We do not give so many talks, but they come here to 
accompany us, especially with the women in the rural areas. Yes, we are constantly being screwed by the armed conflict to the
max. They don’t have the minimum possibilities of going to reparations because of security or safety conditions, but not even 
for that.” (Popayán-UARIV)
“And on the issue of victims, for example in the municipality of Quibdó, Quibdó is a receiving municipality with a strong 
influence of the population of Atrato, at this moment the armed conflict has taken another face, another dynamic and it is that 
the paramilitaries are repositioning themselves in the territory and Quibdó is being permeated not only because people in a 
situation of displacement arrive but because children and adolescents, children of mothers, of families in a situation of 
displacement are the first ones who are in the first line of vulnerability.” (Quibdó- Ombudsman’s Office)
“The biggest challenge to continue in the implementation of actions is...suddenly...the conflict issue we have in the territory, 
that is one of the biggest challenges, we know it continues and we have to try to apply strategies so that interventions can be 
made.” (Quibdó-ART Territorial Institution) 
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“I think that the issue of... some of the biggest difficulties is how to generate security for these victims, so that they can tell the 
truth. Because in one way or another there is fear, there is fear and it is no secret that many times and everywhere it happens 
that when I tell the truth I may be running a risk, I may be one more victim, maybe they guarantee me that by telling the truth, 
nothing will happen to me, but in reality it is a different story. So I think that a lot of work should be done in these leaderships, 
as well as with the institutions on how to provide stability, security; how to provide that opportunity to the victim so that
he/she can feel comfortable and tell the truth, I think that it is fundamental to work with the institutions in this regard, how to 
generate peace of mind for this population so that they can tell their facts as they have been and the harsh reality.” (Florencia￾IOM_Implementing Partner) 
“There are many things to be done in these same municipalities left by the VISP, with which we ended, and with other 
municipalities of Cauca, burned today that are in Argelia, Balboa, Inzá, where forced recruitment increased again, where illicit 
crops spread and then many families have already been displaced from these territories and cannot return (…) where there is 
also fear and fear to face it from public policy actions, and only how to act from the emergency, they are places where the 
institutionalism at departmental level (…) they themselves have told us ‘we can’t do it alone, for fear of being threatened, of 
things happening to us, because sometimes we don’t have the capacity to do it alone’ (…) the conclusion is, if we are more 
present in the territory, let’s say that the actors distance themselves a bit, and the social processes start to stop being so 
pressured, then many of us are in that area.” (Popayán-IOM Regional Implementing Partner)
F.2.5.1 Regarding the sustainability of 
progress in terms of participation, VISP’s 
contributions to the visibility and capacity 
building of the Victims’ Participation 
Committees, including their oversight and 
advocacy capacities in the planning, 
implementation and monitoring of the PPV, 
contribute to the sustainability of citizen 
participation (including in other spaces for 
social and political participation) and to 
advocate for the continuity of different 
measures of attention and reparation. 
However, there are future challenges to 
ensure political participation and visibility, 
especially in the framework of other 
organizations and peace seats.
“…the participation of the victims is increasingly broader in several thematic spaces...” (UARIV- Territorial)
“…if you look at the two components that VISP supported were the ones that very strongly at the beginning of the Law, were 
the ones that overcame the unconstitutional state of affairs, which is the registry and participation, then I do not think it is a 
coincidence, I think that the strengthening from thinking about a design is very important and I feel that today participation is 
strengthened and allows victims to influence in the different instances of participation.” (UARIV- National) 
“They know their rights very well, they know very well the role of the different actors, they know the role of the Mayor’s 
Office very well and that is a guarantee that when the victims’ roundtable is held, we know that they will include this type of 
actions in the planning process.” (Mayor’s Office-Territorial)
“…if you look at the two components that VISP supported were the ones that very strongly at the beginning of the Law, were 
the ones that overcame the unconstitutional state of affairs, which is the registry and participation, then I do not think it is a 
coincidence, I think that the strengthening from thinking about a design is very important and I feel that today participation is 
strengthened and allows victims to influence in the different instances of participation.” (UARIV- National) 
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F.2.6 The design of the Territorial 
Strengthening Model and the pilots for 
economic stability of victims supported by 
VISP contemplated the systematization of 
lessons learned and the adaptation of 
interventions based on what was learned. 
There was no evidence of similar 
knowledge management exercises in other 
VISP projects, despite their relevance and 
strategic value for the implementation and 
sustainability of the different interventions 
supported.
“Sustainability. I think this is the most important challenge, in my opinion, for the model. There is nothing that is as important 
in terms of results as the sustainability of the actions carried out. We have always considered it at the methodological level, 
which is the biggest challenge of the model (...) The main indicator, rather, that will really tell us if the effort invested, the time 
and resources invested were not wasted. So, when the model was built methodologically and, from the results verifications 
that began to be executed, we began to realize how important this was. In other words, there are enormous challenges and 
opportunities for improvement in each of the technical exercises that take place phase by phase, year by year, stage by stage, 
this is true.” (IOM - National Territorialization)
Exhibit 142. Most frequent words in the Recommendations transversal category in all of mentions codified for Q2.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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Exhibit 143. Mentions for each category of Q2 divided into transversal categories. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
10. ADDITIONAL QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 3
TABLE 34. QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 3
FINDINGS QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE
F.3.1 VISP supported the design and implementation 
of the Entrelazando collective psychosocial care 
strategy and made direct contributions to the hiring 
of care professionals (in the form of a cooperation 
agreement), which allowed the expansion of access 
and coverage of this offer, particularly in 2018-2019. 
There is no information on follow-up of the 
capacities developed by the promotion committees 
and/or their impact on the community after the 
closing of the strategy.
“An agreement with VISP resources was implemented to implement Entrelazando and the impact evaluation process 
was carried out (...) and an operational manual was created, a document that includes the systematization of what the 
Entrelazando measure has been since its inception and for the Unit, it is delivered how to implement the measure 
objectively, let’s say it like this.” (IOM-National) 
“We contributed by operationalizing, hiring all the human resources of the UARIV, to develop the Entrelazando 
strategy in 2019, 2018, and that helped a little to decongest the UARIV in terms of hiring and also provide a technical 
methodological line, in psychosocial rehabilitation issues (. ..) to working in the communities and with the 
committees, to supporting this rapprochement between UARIV and subjects of reparation, strengthening them, 
promotion committees, contributing to close gaps.” (IOM-Medellín)
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“Yes, the experience with this strategy was great because I remember that when we arrived in a community, the 
community was very involved in itself. They were unable to talk about what had happened. And the strategy is 
implemented when the strategy is already being finished, the empowered people, counting and calling others: ‘come 
on, if I could, you can and we’ll finish’ and leading, after not saying a word because it was, who didn’t say anything: ‘My 
name is (detail removed)’, and now, no more. Later, being able to tell what happened to him and already feeling as one 
person said: “Now I feel that what happened to me was serious, but I let it go, and the strategy helped me get rid of 
it. It is a very good experience.” (UARIV Popayán) 
“I have no reproaches, suggestions, all of a sudden...the community doesn’t get very involved in the situations, they 
turn a deaf ear to many situations, so as a kind of communication to the whole community so that they find out 
about the work that is being done because Despite the work that we weavers and professionals have been doing, 
there are still many people who do not know the program and for them, it seems indifferent to them.” (Tejedor 
Entrelazando Antioquia) 
F.3.2 VISP supported the design, start-up and 
updating of technical inputs for the implementation of 
the group emotional recovery strategy - EREG of the 
UARIV. This strategy has allowed victims access to 
psychosocial care and has brought them closer to 
psychological care, facilitating the establishment of 
support networks between them and promoting 
mental health and well-being. However, some 
subjects of care point out that the number of 
interventions is insufficient to address the 
experiences of suffering, and that there are no 
strategies that allow monitoring the impacts of the 
formed groups once the strategy is closed.
“And also in its implementation because in the end in the establishment of international cooperation agreements, 
since we both contribute, there are financial contributions from the UARIV, of course, which are executed by the 
IOM, but they, unlike many other partners, have always contributed, not only their counterpart in goods and 
services, but also in cash.” (IOM-National) 
“I have seen people go from sadness to depression, from depression to major depression, from major depression to 
melancholy, get it out of there, there is no health system that is capable of working depression, now it is going to get 
a person out of melancholy... there is a despair that is often already engraved in people and made possible, a simple 
thing, the emotional recovery strategy does affect people positively, if it has an impact.” (UARIV-Medellín)
INTERVIEWER “Have you never been to a psychologist? Had you never been offered such help?” 
INTERVIEWEE: “No, because I didn’t like to talk about it much and because I had been very aware of the group.” 
INTERVIEWER: “How is it “warned by the group?” 
INTERVIEWEE: “In case someone commented on something, well, they don’t care about killing someone. So no, 
there are many things that went through my mind.” 
INTERVIEWER: “That sudden fear of speaking.” 
INTERVIEWEE: “Yes. And more than mine, the girl hurts more (...) I received a lot of psychology, because I didn’t 
even know what psychologists were about, one lived there isolated from so many things that the city offered.” 
(Medellín-EREG Beneficiaries)
“I was having a sexual problem that every time I had sex I would get pain that the clinic sent me. So, talking to my 
doctor, he told me: ‘That’s something psychological, what happened to you, what happened to you?’ So that’s where 
the opening of the whole process began. I told the facts because I had never spoken about them, in that statement I 
already received the first psychological help from the UARIV. The Unit was very basic because literally there were 3, 
4 therapies and that there was no right to further process, then literally one that has never talked about the subject, 
had never said it, it was in my head and that’s it. In the first therapy, I remember that I introduced myself to the girl, I 
greeted her, I half spoke to the second, I made up a lot of stories for the third, because one must be sincere, and I 
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said ‘what am I going to tell this ma’am,’ I would get anything out of her, any story and already there on the fourth, 
fifth that I half tried to speak because the therapies are over.” (EREG Medellín beneficiary)
“It is that you bring together 25 women from all over the city, who do not know each other, there their stories are 
told, the 25 know each other, one knows the other down to the last detail, things that nobody knows, I think it 
would be very good if I can follow that fabric between all of them. Because when you falter, because you have your 
moments of weakness where you remember things you don’t want to remember, where something happens that 
reminds you and you falter, that support is there among the women themselves. But unfortunately, there has to be 
someone who leads that and it cannot be one of the same women because we in the daily life of things... But to say 
something, we currently have (detail removed), which was what she told the companions that she is a girl from the 
UARIV, so when work calls come out, from time to time, out of the blue ‘hello girls, how are you’ and all of a sudden 
she reports ‘fine’, then one knows that the group is there.” (EREG Medellín beneficiary)
F.3.3 Although VISP did not provide direct 
resources to increase PAPSIVI’s coverage, it did 
make fundamental contributions to the construction 
of methodologies for the two components of the 
program (psychosocial care and comprehensive 
health with a psychosocial approach) and supported 
training and care processes for the human talent at 
the national and territorial levels, thus contributing 
to the territorial deployment of the strategy. 
However, the program faces challenges in terms of 
the sufficiency of the sessions for harm mitigation and 
in terms of articulation of its two components given 
the low appropriation of the psychosocial approach 
in clinical care contexts and the barriers to access to 
health services and the mental health system.
“It is not, as we used to say vulgarly, ‘that they pay you for the dead.’ It is comprehensive care and reaching the point 
of, again I take the floor, of empowering ourselves with that public policy as such. So, for example, one of the things 
we achieved was the issue of the psychosocial promoter, who was the liaison between the victims and the team that 
attended and the only thing that person had to have was a baccalaureate, but he had to have the ability to call, it had 
to have the endorsement of the tables, it had to have experience in leadership issues and part of what we achieved as 
tables (...) attending to the spirit of public mental health policy and defending our resources a little because those 
resources came from the national level to implement them there with the victims.” (Municipal Table of Victims Pasto)
“Obviously the training that was given to the professionals, in this case, to the psychosocial promoters, regarding 
what the program is, what it consists of approaching the population, which I think is substantial, is to have us 
conceptual bases, the conceptual tools to be able to address the community and address it, I think that would be the 
great contribution made by the IOM.” (PAPSIVI Pasto Psychosocial Promoter)
“Exactly, the routes, that’s the word, there they taught us the routes, because well, we all learned them, one as a 
leader does not know them all, there we learned a lot, they, for example, taught us to guide people for when there is 
permanent disability, all of that, the routing, because the PAPSIVI routed, even as there is apathy there to serve those 
displaced by the conflict, so we reached the point of going with the psychologists and I as a promoter to the hospital, 
even teaching the hospitals what the route and how it was that the victims of the armed conflict who had permanent 
disability, terminal illnesses, serious illnesses had to be cared for, if you understand me? because or I don’t know if it 
was because of negativity or because they were unaware, but we directed a person to get a disability certificate there 
and they said no, that there was nothing to do with it, that they had nothing to do with it, it was our turn to go there 
and tell them that they did have the right and that they could do a routing, at last they already started from there 
from the hospital to look for the orders so that the EPS or, in their case, the Sisben or the entire regime , all 
companies or IPS that serve the subsidized regime.” (Papsivi Medellín Promoter)
“So many of the complaints of PAPSIVI patients is, ‘these processes are late, they last 3 months and then they go 
away,’ the issue of mental health requires long-term, permanent accompaniment, you are not going to be a patient 
forever, but if when you start a process of emotional accompaniment, you need the process to have a common 
thread.” (IOM Regional Medellín)
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“One of the bottlenecks that we identified in the area of psychosocial care, without a doubt, had to do with that hard 
route, so difficult to be able to win a first appointment with a psychologist or with the psychology department of the 
EPS, so that give continuity to the processes. I think that when we were in the process of building the care route for 
women victims of sexual violence in the context of the armed conflict, the health system was able to catch up and get 
very there because then the woman who makes her statement, who goes through the system, It immediately enters 
the system, and there are more and more officials in the institutional framework, who I think have better understood 
their role, but sometimes the institutional times for contracting services take months to start, and that also distances 
the service, but I think there is more and more awareness that the services have to be humanized, timely services 
and that they have to be in the right places.” (IOM-Popayán)
“…it is to create in the professional the ability to be sensitive to the people they serve, and that is what the 
comprehensive health care protocol with a psychosocial approach was about, more than providing training or 
preparing institutions, it was to be able to give that capacity to these professionals, not only from PAPSIVI, but from 
all health areas that serve the population victim of the armed conflict, to be able to give that attribute of better care 
to victims of the armed conflict.” (Pasto Psychosocial Promoter).
“What happened? The PAPSIVI is not committed to doing all the follow-up because the PAPSIVI has a cycle, and he 
works as far as his cycle goes. From there to there it was time for his IPS to respond and that did not happen.”
(PAPSIVI Bojayá psychosocial promoter)
F.3.4 The contribution of VISP in terms of provision, 
adaptation and support for the operation of 
functional-physical rehabilitation centers in low and 
medium complexity IPS directly facilitated access to 
these services by VPs, people with disabilities, people 
who attend the care route for accidents with 
APM/UXO/AEI and the general population, even 
from non-VISP municipalities. The location of the 
centers reduced travel times to receive care. In 
addition, in phase III of the program, 
telerehabilitation actions began to bring specialized 
physical rehabilitation services closer to territories 
that do not have them in person.
“Look, one of the barriers is that when a patient goes to a rehabilitation service, they usually go because they have an 
obvious physical health problem or because of pain. (...) The patient goes to the first, goes to the second therapy, and 
the patient does not return. He doesn’t come back, why? Because it costs him transportation, because he has to stay 
in Florence, there are more expenses, and he feels good and says ‘no, why am I going if I’m fine now and I don’t need 
the other stuff anymore.’ I think that it has been achieved with the rehabilitation service, that patients have more 
adherence to treatments, that they can finish treatments.” (La Montañita Health Center)
“In all these places we have supported the training of professionals such as doctors, nurses, auxiliaries, especially 
doctors and nurses and administrative personnel so that they can not only provide dignified care for the victims, but 
also because at some point a few years ago A decree came out that made the administrative reparation processes of 
the victims, with disabilities, could be brought forward, that is, the person is in a very long queue, and that one in the 
queue can go last to be very close to the compensation processes , how to do it, if you are a person with a severe 
cognitive or physical disability, because these rehabilitation rooms have been very helpful so that, with the training 
that has been given to doctors and health professionals, they can do what they say the decree on how to do it.”
(Popayán Regional IOM)
“They can take hours to go out for a consultation. So, we have to start moving more extramural, that has been 
another advantage of the provision of services, because a lot of the elements that we have there is so that we have it 
for health brigades. In other words, we can implement, vary several things so that the professionals can do this on an 
extramural level.” (La Montañita Health Center)
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F.3.5 The offer of psychosocial and physical￾functional rehabilitation services of the SGSSS faces 
various challenges to facilitate access to VP, including 
mass training processes in these areas for health 
professionals and technicians throughout the country, 
improving coordination between the different actors 
of the SGSSS and systematically appropriate the RUV 
consultation process for the application of the 
differential approach.
“So for the third phase we included within the actions, starting with a tele-rehabilitation pilot with these hospitals (...) 
So today, for example, well, we also managed to establish links, but because of the expertise that IDEAL has and the 
number of professionals they have, they could establish their expertise and enter into agreements with IDEAL to sell 
services such as occupational therapy and strengthen what is already available in physiotherapy... through 
telemedicine. At that time, IDEAL continues with them providing this technical assistance to these agreements, to see 
how telerehabilitation works in Colombia.” (IOM National)
“Yes, I think there were a couple of milestones that I think are relevant, one has to do with the care, assistance and 
rehabilitation route for victims of anti-personnel mines, I think that was a super key issue that we identified in fact in 
the year 1, year 2, I think it was in the second (...) that we proposed to make a route that would allow the ministry 
and its different instances to agree on what the care processes were like.” (IOM National)
“When we started the process, the first municipalities and phase 2, the managers told us, ‘so I only have to serve
victims?’ No, it is not sustainable if you want to serve only victims (...) and they said ‘we don’t have access to the 
RUV’ (...) they thought that they could only serve people with disabilities and victims, no, it cannot be because they 
are going to break. We did the exercise of crossing victims as we did until phase 1.” (IOM National)
“The whole component of registration, location and certification of disability, I think that’s what we worked on from 
day 1 until now (...) at the beginning it was how we managed to make the process of registering people with 
disabilities a bit massive and that information cross-referencing could be carried out to ensure that victims with 
disabilities could access care, assistance and reparation routes...” (Implementing Partner -National) 
INTERVIEWER: “Do you have any mechanism here to identify the victims you serve? Victims of the armed conflict?” 
INTERVIEWEE: “No.” 
INTERVIEWER: “Have you ever had it?” 
INTERVIEWEE: “No, but they show you. So one in the registry, in the reason for consultation, writes a patient who 
prefers to be a victim, but as such we do not have documents; because imagine, this service began by making 
protocols.” (Caldono Health Center)
F.3.6 Psychosocial rehabilitation strategies for 
victims are not systematically articulated (beyond 
individual referrals) with the offer and mental health 
policy and social inclusion policies of the country, this 
fact is evident in the low territorial articulation of the 
programs related to these policies. From an even 
broader perspective, comprehensive management of 
the mental health of victims of the armed conflict 
should involve not only access to psychosocial 
“A super important challenge is to join and articulate in an integral way the comprehensive health care component 
and the psychosocial care component, but I feel that the psychosocial care component is running and the 
comprehensive health care component is walking.” (IOM National)
“It has never been thought about how to achieve, how to generate the issues of comprehensive health care and 
psychosocial care, there would have to be a large umbrella where the referrals were made so that we could join that, 
(...) because the times of the multidisciplinary teams, we always asked if there was PAPSIVI and the Secretariat never 
knew, the municipal Health Secretariat said “I think so, but I don’t know if they are from the Unit.” (IOM National)
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services, but also to processes of coexistence, 
employment, education, food security and personal 
security among others.
“Because it is not so easy to be able to formally seat the Ministry, the health section, the director of human rights 
and victims, that we all begin to speak the same language, the issue of mental health is still an abstract issue, in 
Colombia and I think that in the world we still do not have a clear awareness of what the first level of mental health 
care is (...) because the issue is that mental health is also assumed to be for clinical pathology issues (…) the topic of 
mental health in health is a topic that is very conceived as a second level, so since it is still so distant, it is difficult to 
bring it to primary care in the field.” (IOM Regional Medellín)
“The issue of suicide is very worrying in the municipality of Bojayá. In the first place, because we have done an 
analysis and we have been able to identify, first of all, the presence of armed groups, that is one of the main factors 
that has been happening in youth suicide more than anything else. Because they themselves see how human rights 
violations, displacement, confinement, installation of antipersonnel mines and many factors have been carried out. So, 
the young people see that and... they say, ‘So that I don’t suddenly fall into that artifact later on’ or, well, if it’s a 
young woman, they say, ‘Suddenly they come and they take me, so as not to go, for that group, I prefer to die.’”
(Chocó Ethnic Authorities)
“Another barrier is also the lack of institutional offer for the vulnerable population, because there is very little…lack. 
Well, yes, you provide care, let’s say you do your duty from health, try to give patients the best tools, but when they 
find themselves in such vulnerable social conditions, it is difficult to achieve what one would like with people (…) 
There is not much on offer for people with disabilities, there is not much on offer for women heads of 
household…not at all.” (La Montañita Health Center)
“... when one comes with a program that is aimed only at victims, then we find the people of the community who 
have lived their entire lives there and who, one could say, historically poor, right? In other words, vulnerable 
population (...) I think that, if we are talking about building a community and building a country, I think that those 
differences can sometimes end up separating us. I would say, I think that the issue of the approach should be present 
for one to understand and know how it acts or how it improves its accompaniment processes with the victim 
population or with the disabled population or with the Afro population (...) We think the victim outside is doing very 
well. And it’s not so true. And there is a victimizing fact there which is uprooting. ‘They took me from my land, and I 
didn’t want to come.’” (IOM National)
F.3.7 Access to psychosocial care for subjects of 
collective ethnic reparation and the incorporation of 
the ethnic approach in the measure of rehabilitation 
experience a great lag in Colombia, despite the fact 
that VISP has supported technical assistance 
processes in this regard and has carried out specific 
actions in plans repair. This lag is related to the 
challenges posed by the methodological and 
operational adaptation of care models to the 
“That is what is missing in the psychosocial, where is the land? (...) Because when a person suffers individual and 
collective damage, not only does the person suffer the damage, the territory, the land, suffers the damage, then the 
territory is abandoned (...) No, let’s talk about reparation, it is to be at peace with nature, it is to begin to know what 
is surrounding that community, that family, that person, then they must have a mutual knowledge of the environment 
in which the psychosocial professional will develop (...) The individual psychosocial rehabilitation there is that it is 
taken into account as the spiritual, because many times psychologists learn from school, while in communities they 
learn from the territory. So many times, instead of improving that pain, of alleviating that pain, suddenly they are left 
with more wounds. For us everything is in the harmonization, in the plants is where it is being rehabilitated or 
harmonized in the individual part.” (Florencia Ethnic Authorities)
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knowledge, practices and times of ethnic 
communities, linguistic limitations and the availability 
of professionals with detailed knowledge of their 
own cosmogonies, and in turn , to the lack of 
strategies that effectively articulate ancestral 
medicine with Western medicine within the 
framework of the SGSSS.
“I would say that this construction of what there is at this moment of the ethnic PAPSIVIs, or rural too, must have, I 
have great faith, that they have reading processes that are very connected to what is happening in that territory (... ) 
if, for example, I cross it with the ethnic decrees that recognize the territory and that recognize in the ethnic subjects 
those figures that are so representative for the communities, such as the Jaibanas on the one hand, the Midwives on 
the other, all those figures, the elder, the territory itself, all those psychosocial processes, we have the obligation to 
have a very open mind to involve them in the processes because there is no place for psychosocial accompaniment in 
an indigenous people where there is no recognition that its elementals, that its nature was also damaged, and we 
must start there to harmonize.” (Personería Caldono)
“Another challenge would be that not only the IOM, but others, those that come in the future, right? Also take into 
account all the safeguard plans, those of all that work on the 004 car, the life plans of both the indigenous people and 
I think also the Afro-descendants exactly. Take into account and convert that into all the actions of the different 
processes, take them into account in unity. Because there are times I think or see that the unit sometimes limits itself 
to saying attention, assistance, repair. But then he does not interpret it many times that it is not only paying 
attention, period. Behind all of them there are many things that you have to see in the whole subject of emotional 
healing, both of the indigenous peoples and of the Afro community. Their worldview and their culture.” (Chocó￾UARIV) 
“So, that the professional team, the IOM, support us in having knowledge of the indigenous communities. Sometimes 
that happens, we can hire professional people, but if they don’t have experience with indigenous communities, then 
they can, it can even get worse, because those psychology issues are a bit complicated. But if I see you, because today 
we see indigenous people who are also nurses, who know about the subject, it is important that they also take into 
account when hiring an indigenous person who has knowledge of that subject, but from the area, to accompany 
professionals.” (Quibdó Indigenous Authorities)
“The intervention processes, especially in indigenous communities, are longer, because they are not processes typical 
of indigenous communities, they are external processes, they are processes foreign to them, because one hardly sees 
a psychologist within the indigenous communities who is part of the culture of them. The psychologist is something 
from Western culture (...) But medicine itself is very different. Own medicine does not recognize the psychologist. It 
is not even needed. For this, the ordinary procedure within the framework of their customs is the traditional doctor, 
not the psychologist.” (Personería Caldono)
“Due to the geographical situation where they are located, participating is very difficult. And... they allege that the 
unit does not have professionals or a professional who has mastery of that language, who allows how to generate 
trust, generate understanding between them. So, that is the population that I was wrong that participates the least.”
(Quibdó-UARIV) 
F.3.8 Close to 900,000 PV have been assisted in the 
measure of psychosocial rehabilitation through EREG 
or PAPSIVI (Eighth report of CSMLV), progress 
derived from the mandates of the LV and whose 
programs were directly strengthened by VISP. 
However, psychosocial and physical rehabilitation has 
been concentrated in urban areas, and challenges 
“…and now that we are talking about the challenges we can talk about the rural PAPSIVI, psychosocial care in rural 
areas has focused a lot on Entrelazando, on collective subjects, emotional recovery strategies have always been very 
focused on the urban, they have not been displaced to the rural, and I do believe that it is very important to 
strengthen them, especially as that strategy of collective emotional recovery that also works in the territories, that 
also works at the urban level, even if people have to be brought, but I think it would have an impact and it would be 
much more powerful if one managed to take it to the territories.” (Medellín-UARIV) 
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persist to increase coverage and access for ethnic 
and rural communities, children, and older people. 
These initiatives have been limited by the difficult 
conditions of physical access to some territories, the 
persistence of the armed conflict and insufficient 
budget allocations.
“Sadly, we have not been able to accompany some territories. And the other challenge is coverage, we have 813 
subjects of collective compensation included in the registry today. Of those subjects we have been able to implement 
the strategy, close the measure, in 120, I think, a little more, but well, we are missing a lot and the great challenge is 
really in the ethnic subjects because a large percentage of these 813 subjects are ethnic, 510 or so are ethnic. So, 
well, there the challenges come in being able to have the possibility of understanding the cosmogony of ethnic 
subjects and it is to understand that as we have our conceptualization of what rehabilitation implies, because in ethnic 
subjects it is a huge dimension and that we have to break our prejudiced to be able to reach and understand how 
they see and understand rehabilitation.” (National UARIV)
“The biggest challenge that we have always had in this regard is that the majority of the population with disabilities 
and that deserves the rehabilitation process, is in rural areas and the biggest challenge is that all these people arrive in 
an easy way to seek the service.” (Tierralta Hospital)
“The armed violence that is increasing in some regions of the country, since this generates greater displacement and 
victimization, and makes it difficult for psychosocial professionals to enter for security reasons: on several occasions 
we had to remove professionals from municipalities, some of them received threats ( ...) and how to provide 
psychosocial care while protecting professionals, activating protection protocols for professionals?” (MOH)
“The gap I find is in the protocol of a strategy called Siembra, which is aimed at people between 60 and 80 years old. 
So, this strategy makes it a bit difficult for us to implement it because those people at that age are almost always 
sick...” (Medellín-UARIV) 
“I remember a lot when the Victims Law was created, here we reached 2 million people and voila, that was the 
budget, those 2 million became 4, 5, and we go on 9 and if in 10 years we could not with those 7 that there were and 
we have already reached 9, who guarantees that in these 10 new ones that they gave to Law 1448/2011 that 
materializes? Really the people, in quotes, because the matter of mental health when we started I remember that 
they told us not to become pathological, it is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation, but the reaction became 
daily, a naturalization was made of the affectation that is part of our lives, that has already become pathologized, it is 
no longer just come on, let’s have a glass of wine and talk, it is ‘you need attention.’” (Medellín-UARIV) 
11. ADDITIONAL QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 4
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F.4.1 ACOPLE had a solid process of theoretical 
training and ongoing practical training (10 years) 
aimed at community agents based on CAM 
guidelines, the needs of the participants in each 
context, and the various levels of ‘entry’ in terms of 
knowledge by community agents. This training 
process incorporated care actions for the caregiver 
and required more time and resources than initially 
projected. Upon beginning their work as CAM 
agents, the victims received remuneration. No 
information was found that the training actions were 
aimed at the professionalization or formalization of 
knowledge.
“So going to ACOPLE was like technifying and deepening what we leaders had already been doing in a certain way, 
because those of us who worked at ACOPLE initially were all leaders of organizations (...) something particular that 
ACOPLE has that most of us have barely done in high school, and HeartLand with AFRODES trained us step by step 
in all the issues that were appearing (...) look, we started training to attend to the displaced population, right, suicide 
appeared, we were trained to attend suicide service, sexual violence appeared, they trained us for violence sexual 
orientation, the LGBT population appeared, we received training, for me that was new and to care for children, we 
received training, constant training is important to me.” (Quibdó-Community agents)
“The training was planned for a time, I think it was about two weeks, because it was understood that people were 
going to have some bases to actively participate in that training. However, the bases that we thought people would 
have, in some cases they did not (...) So the training lasted longer than initially thought and addressed more content 
to create their basic foundations of understanding. After the training, let’s say, during the implementation of the 
model it had to be shortened because the theoretical part, if you will, took up more space than the practical part and 
in that sense the practical training was something that lasted, I would risk saying, during almost the extent of the 
project. That was the training, and that was one of the learning.” (Director HA)
“We were looking for how to manage professionalization so that the Colombian Association of Psychology would 
recognize the importance of the work of community workers as people who can expand the work that a 
psychologist can do. HEART was in charge of that, it was aware, at the forefront, meeting, seeking help, it was their 
management. They had to do that and, well, always without results for the same reason, due to a lack of collective 
muscle, I believe, and due to a lack of specific resources for the Ministry of Health (...) So, things not measured: the 
escalation process, of professionalization that they can have within the experience they acquired.” (CISALVA 
Researcher)
“Another very good thing was the aid to the helper that we were talking about right now and the self-care, it was 
also something new here in Chocó because although there are several entities they did not, that is, they did not 
know about it.” (Quibdó-Community Agents) 
F.4.2 The care between ‘peers’ of the CAM proved 
to be effective in reducing symptoms in the VP, 
generated confidence of the VP towards the care 
processes, facilitated the diffusion and community 
acceptance, contributed to the de-stigmatization of 
care in mental health, allowed the subjects to receive 
various types of care according to their need 
(individual, group, by a community agent or by a 
professional) and generated higher coverage rates 
than those planned in this care process.
“For me, the first moments of ACOPLE were a very important situation because all of us were victims, so this 
process is worth the redundancy, being able to process our feelings, our situations that we had experienced in order 
to help the other person, it was a difficult process, but at the same time nice because we had never done it, we had 
never talked to a psychologist, we had never been in therapy, so it was something very particular I would say because 
the attentions here, the little attentions I had received were the psychologists (... ) they slammed the door in our 
faces because everyone understood that mental health was for crazy people, as soon as we arrived we said ‘we are 
so-and-so, I work at ACOPLE , mental health’; ‘Oh no! that’s for crazy people, I talked to my neighbor, she’s crazy, 
go to that whore, she’s crazy.’” (Quibdó-Community Agents)
“And the community itself began to send people, as they already knew, then the community was already in charge of 
referring the people they saw who suddenly needed that accompaniment, so that was also something very valuable, 
very important because of the work that the compañera had already been doing, had already been done as recognized 
in the community.” (Quibdó Community Agents)
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“So from there our approach and then how through the group spaces there was a greater decrease in symptoms, 
according to the initial investigation. So we saw that with community work, let’s say that more ties could be created 
again, how to take those ties, that community support network, people were activated let’s say it like that, 
behaviorally it was more easily activated when I was with another, I identified with the problem of the other, and in 
the group space, faced with how the others had faced their difficult situations, I could or could not take the 
experience of another. And then, as they say, seeing the other who has suffered or even more complex things than 
what I experienced believing that mine was the worst, could help people quickly transform their situation a little.” 
(Quibdó- ACOPLE Professionals) 
“I believe that the intervention made it possible for these people who arrived in places that were not the right ones, 
with quite difficult mental health problems, to be able to be functional and to get ahead with their family issues, 
handling the issue of mental health … appropriately and in a way that would benefit the well-being of those families, 
which was what the results of the study showed.” (CISALVA Director)
“And see that HeartLand did other projects, it did a very good project because I have already worked on 3, yes, on 3 
I have worked with ACNUR and all that, but it never came to be, that is, the methodology is totally different from 
what ACOPLE , because we these projects only that individual attention the psychologist and many people are left 
without attention, not because the psychologist does not want to because it is not enough, on the other hand when 
we were paying attention the psychologist attended 20 we attended 15 and there are already 35 people, but yes 
there is not a community agent providing individual care, the psychologist will have the 20 plus the 15 that I attend, 
the other plus 15 the other, a lot of people.” (Quidó-Community Agents) 
“Hard to select community workers (...) but without local implementation, we would not have been able to carry out 
the project. For example, let’s say if we send a lot of white people, psychologists from Bogotá, from Cali, then the 
acceptability of the project would not have been the same. So, it helped a lot that they were community leaders from
the same community.” (CISALVA Researcher)
F.4.3 The CAM facilitated processes of 
strengthening and reconstruction of the social fabric 
at various levels: within the team of community 
agents, between service users and the care team 
(agents and professionals), among service users in the 
group modality and even in the organizational 
process of productive initiatives. 
“Now, the next step was to create an instrument for the symptoms. So, what did we do? There are drummers in the 
world, there are many instruments. But the most used for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress are the ‘Harvard 
trauma questioner’ and the so-called ‘John Hopkins symptom checklist’ (...) And we took several instruments with 
Hopkins’ suggestion, because they have already used it elsewhere and we put them together and apply them to the 
community. So, we put the entire survey together, did it in Spanish, translated it into Afro-Colombian, and applied it. 
People told us, ‘No, it is not understood here’ or ‘give him an example.’ And we have also created our own 
qualitative questions to add flavor as well.” (CISALVA Researcher) 
“Apart from the community agent, they trained a group of people to do the surveys and paid them for their time.”
(Quibdó Community Agent) 
“So, by the time the project was ready, its effectiveness had been tested, we moved on to a more coordinated 
implementation stage, no longer within the trial, but rather offering a service to the public, to whomever it arrives, 
the survey is applied and depending on its status, then I could take two or three paths. One that was all individual, 
the other that was group or another that was the combination of therapies.” (CISALVA Researcher) 
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“The first intervention was carried out, it was validated at the beginning, at the end, but after that first intervention, 
the following years continued to be monitored, these people received the first accompaniment. In other words, there 
were even people who, six years after their first intervention, had an assessment made on them… They were 
assessed again and looked at if people still had those coping techniques in mind, using those mechanisms that they 
may or may not have acquired in your support process. And if people were identified who at that time needed to 
complement their care, CISALVA sent us, ‘Such a person was contacted, he requires follow-up again, we suggest, -
even due to his symptoms-, that it be by a community agent or by psychology’ and well, they came doing that 
periodically the following years. (...) And we also called them (...) I think it was something like a source of verification,
that it was from Heartland, not here from the Quibdó office but from the office at the national level, someone called 
to verify that this person did or did not receive any service.” (Professionals COUPLING Quibdó)
“Two surveys were carried out: An exit survey to verify that the person received the accompaniment as requested 
and that the symptoms related to the beginning had diminished. In addition, the satisfaction survey was carried out so 
that they could express what they did feel good about and if they had any recommendations for both the agents and 
the psychologists, to strengthen the accompaniment as well.” (Professionals ACOPLE Quibdó)
F.4.4 The participation of the CISALVA Institute, as 
a research team in the implementation of the CAM in 
Colombia, allowed the creation of a local instrument 
for measuring symptoms at entry and exit in the 
intervention, the execution of a robust scheme for 
monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the 
interventions, and the generation of knowledge based 
on the evidence around the local application of the 
CAM.
“Now, the next step was to create an instrument for the symptoms. So, what did we do? There are drummers in the 
world, there are many instruments. But the most used for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress are the ‘Harvard 
trauma questioner’ and the so-called ‘John Hopkins symptom checklist’ (...) And we took several instruments with 
Hopkins’ suggestion, because they have already used it elsewhere and we put them together and apply them to the 
community. So, we put the entire survey together, did it in Spanish, translated it into Afro-Colombian, and applied it. 
People told us ‘No, it is not understood here’ or ‘give him an example’. And we have also created our own 
qualitative questions to add flavor as well.” (Researcher CISALVA)
“Apart from the community agent, they trained a group of people to do the surveys and paid them for their time.”
(Quibdó Community Agent) 
“So by the time the project was ready, its effectiveness had been tested, we moved on to a more coordinated 
implementation stage, no longer within the trial, but rather offering a service to the public, to whomever it arrives, 
the survey is applied and depending on its status, then I could take two or three paths. One that was all individual, 
the other that was group or another that was the combination of therapies.” (CISALVA Researcher) 
“The first intervention was carried out, it was validated at the beginning, at the end, but after that first intervention, 
the following years continued to be monitored, these people received the first accompaniment. In other words, there 
were even people who, six years after their first intervention, had an assessment made on them… They were 
assessed again and looked at if people still had those coping techniques in mind, using those mechanisms that they 
may or may not have acquired in your support process. And if people were identified who at that time needed to 
complement their care, CISALVA sent us, ‘Such a person was contacted, he requires follow-up again, we suggest, -
even due to his symptoms-, that it be by a community agent or by psychology’ and well, they came doing that 
periodically the following years. (...) And we also called them (...) I think it was something like a source of verification,
that it was from Heartland, not here from the Quibdó office but from the office at the national level, someone called 
to verify that this person did or did not receive any service.” (Professionals COUPLING Quibdó)
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“Two surveys were carried out: An exit survey to verify that the person received the accompaniment as requested 
and that the symptoms related to the beginning had diminished. In addition, the satisfaction survey was carried out so 
that they could express what they did feel good about and if they had any recommendations for both the agents and 
the psychologists, to strengthen the accompaniment as well.” (Professionals ACOPLE Quibdó).
F.4.5 The CAM used various types of supervision of 
the interventions carried out: individual supervision 
of cases (professional + community agent), group 
supervision of cases (professionals + group of 
community agents), peer supervision of cases (among 
community agents). John Hopkins University, the 
CISALVA Institute and HeartAlliance participated in 
these processes, facilitating the establishment of 
horizontal relationships in ACOPLE and allowing 
community agents to strengthen their care skills 
through practice. These exercises respected the 
confidentiality of the subjects of care, which in turn 
facilitated the strengthening of trust. However, the 
supervision process was not systematized.
“So ‘well, we are going to supervise’ -and we did not mention the person by name but by code. So, for example a 
person received Q115, so when we were in the supervision process we said, we are going to supervise the 
participant Q115. The right to confidentiality was always respected by community agents.” (Quibó Professionals)
“…and we all the community agents met to do the supervision and the psychologist, and each one with their 
situation, then (detail removed) put her situation, between all of us many times we helped her to give opinions (...) 
Each one from their tools, from their experience and their tools ‘I did this and it worked for me, let’s see if it works 
for you too, it was a similar situation and I did this, this and it worked for me let’s see if it works for you too,’ that 
was what we did in group supervisions.” (Quibdó-Community Agents) 
“(...) for example, when they were young, I always told her ‘I like (detail removed) dealing with that issue,’ but we 
never found out what happened or why, that is, the whole issue of confidentiality we could have her notebook where 
we had the notes and we left it here on the table and there it died, no one was able to pick it up to see what it says, 
no one, respect and confidentiality also marked us here.” (Quibdó-Community Agents) 
“When we were in the training in Cali, they appointed me as a monitor for the community agents, so I had that 
additional responsibility with them and it was my turn to do the supervision with the Hodgkin psychologists and with 
(detail removed) (...) and we did we put in group supervisions to all the community agents (...) so one of them gave her 
opinion to the other without breaking confidentiality, we didn’t say names, just like the situation, then since they 
already knew my situation then when they saw that I came running to lock me up, they all came to the office and 
they started and called (detail removed) and the one and the other, and that helped me a lot, how to get out of those 
situations and in the end it became like my forte, that was like my strength also to help other women who had lived 
the same situation in a certain way that I had lived.” (Quibdó-Community Agents) 
F.4.6 Although the people served at ACOPLE were 
mostly Afro-Colombians, the CAM did not include 
the ethnic approach in its individual care protocols, 
these protocols were implemented following the 
original design of the John Hopkins University. 
However, informal adaptations were made, in the 
style of care, to the local context. Additionally, 
ACOPLE created its own group care strategy that 
complements individual care to promote the 
functionality of the participants. The results of the 
group care process have not been published.
“We use the same protocol that was shared from Johns Hopkins. In other words, the same, we respect that 
methodology already tested and validated by Johns Hopkins to do it here, in the displaced people of Buenaventura 
and Quibdó.” (CISALVA Director)
“There were two therapies, a group therapy and individual therapy. The individual was stricter because it was the 
Hopkins model. They did not want us to touch their model (...) As for individual therapy, there were adaptations. 
However, if I remember that tug of war: we cannot get out of the protocol, we have to follow the steps, we have to 
follow the instructions (...) I think that it is not that cognitive behavioral therapies have room for as many changes as 
can have narrative therapy, which as I told you, were group sessions, where people could sing, dance, stand on their 
heads, write, paint, whatever they wanted to deal with their problem and to share it with others. In that case there 
were steps, it was psychoeducation, educating them about what the problem was, thought, emotion: the triangle, this 
cognitive coping (...) So it did have some adaptation, but it was minimal.” (CISALVA Researcher) 
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“Yes, it is a very Western model, thinking of mental health as an individual and family well-being, also related, as in 
the community. But when dealing with Afro-Colombian and indigenous communities, the understanding of mental 
health must be transformed. Above all, in indigenous communities, because it is not the same definition, it is not the 
same understanding. And then, for example, the scales. ACOPLE began with an input evaluation that they made to 
people about symptoms and manifestations of discomfort. So only when evaluating the individual enters into a 
cultural shock for the indigenous communities because they do not see themselves disconnected from their 
collective. For them, well-being, good living, is connected to the harmony they feel as a group. So, the evaluations 
must, on the contrary, be in a more collective way. This was not done because it was not raised in that way, but 
some adaptations were achieved in the language and in the methodological adaptations that made it possible to 
recognize other manifestations of discomfort or symptoms that could be indicating psychosocial involvement. So, let’s 
say the part is like from understanding. Landing it in Colombia, in the ethnic communities was one of the challenges.” 
(HA Director)
“We learned, we started only with the Afro population and the displaced population, but when indigenous people 
began to arrive we began to serve them with the same model that we served the Afro population, then we also 
received training, that was a training in Cali for attention to indigenous people; but very little in groups, we have 
done quite a lot individually.” (Quibdó-Community Agent) 
Pero encontrar hombres fue bien, bastante complicado y no hubo una aproximación de género, de hombre como 
pacientes, no hubo una aproximación. Sin embargo, pienso que estaba bastante implícito, como el modus operandi 
del desarrollo de las terapias, porque en las comunidades negras ¿Quiénes cantan?, por ejemplo, son las mujeres que 
cantan (...) Había partes donde el canto era una parte primordial de la intervención, que podría ser una parte menor, 
como que el grupo decidía no estar atrás en el grupo y yo creo que el enfoque de género, tal vez pudo haberse visto 
sin querer en una terapia grupal, ¿por qué? la terapia grupal tenía unos pasos, pero en esos pasos había la decisión 
interna del grupo (...) Entonces cómo eran más mujeres, claramente que ellas mismas podían ir editando o guiando la 
intervención hacia algo más de mujeres. Pero por el lado de la terapia individual, ahí si no había forma (Investigador 
Cisalva).
Es buscar ayuda aún más. Entonces, pues nuestro porcentaje de mujeres participantes era mucho más alto que el de 
hombres. Realmente es un tema que nunca pudimos. Intentamos de muchas maneras, pero nunca pudimos resolver 
efectivamente y era balancear un poco esa participación de los hombres. No fue lo que esperábamos y en ese sentido 
eran las mujeres, porque en donde estábamos trabajando estaba todo más normalizado que las mujeres recibieran 
estos servicios, que aceptaran que era un apoyo que requerían. Hay un prejuicio muy grande en Colombia en general, 
pero sobre todo en los hombres. (Director HA).
Lo otro es que los hombres son mucho menos, o son más reacios a aceptar que tienen un tema que nos puede 
capacitar o disfuncionalizar desde el punto de vista mental, como es el estrés postraumático, ellos lo pueden 
manifestar de otras formas o no manifestarlo, sino quedarse callados. Pueden tener la depresión o pueden tener la 
ansiedad y manejarla de otra forma. Entonces, por eso, casi siempre, las que encontrábamos nosotros eran mujeres 
y, además, muchos de ellos salen a trabajar o a hacer otras cosas, porque las mujeres también… Realmente, las 
mujeres afro trabajan de sol a sol (Directora CISALVA).
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F.4.7 Although the implementation of the CAM 
showed a majority female participation at all levels 
(care professionals, community agents and care 
subjects), the implementation did not formally 
incorporate the gender approach. There was an 
informal adoption of the complementary group 
strategy approach, however the results of this 
process have not been published.
“But finding men was quite complicated and there was no approximation of gender, of men as patients, there was no 
approximation. However, I think it was quite implicit, as the modus operandi of the development of therapies, because 
in black communities, who sings? For example, are the women who sing (...) There were parts where singing was a 
part intervention, which could be a minor part, as the group decided not to be behind in the group and I think that 
the gender approach, perhaps could have been seen inadvertently in a group therapy, why? Group therapy had some 
steps, but in those steps there was the internal decision of the group (...) So how were they more women, clearly 
they themselves could edit or guide the intervention towards something more women. But on the individual therapy 
side, there was no way.” (CISALVA Researcher) 
“Our percentage of women participants was much higher than that of men. It really is an issue that we could never 
resolve. We tried to balance the participation of men a little, but it was not what we expected (...) where we were 
working, it was more normal for women to receive these services, to accept that it was the support they required. 
There is a very big prejudice in Colombia in general, but especially in men.” (HA Director)
“The other thing is that men are more reluctant to accept that they have an issue that can disable or dysfunctional 
them from the mental point of view, such as post-traumatic stress, they can manifest it in other ways or not manifest 
it but remain silent. They may have depression, or they may have anxiety and deal with it differently. So, for that 
reason, almost always, the ones we met were women and, in addition, many of them go out to work or do other 
things.” (CISALVA Director) 
F.4.8 AFRODES participated in the contact, the 
selection process and the hiring of the community 
agents that implemented ACOPLE. However, these 
actions were not linked to a continuous 
organizational strengthening process, which implied 
weaknesses in the transfer of capacities and 
limitations in the information management processes 
between AFRODES and HAI.
“But, institutionally, there was no such design for institutional strengthening of the organization, as such. Yes? We are 
working... And I would think that, in addition to leaving a job developed with a target population, it would also be to 
think about institutional strengthening, in this case, to the organization that is a partner of mine, for me to be able to 
say, ready, is that, for example, let’s do a greater institutional strengthening, basically, to an organization that has 
been working for a long time with victims of the armed conflict and that they, if we leave, for example, have the 
installed capacity to develop projects. At this point in life, of course, we as AFRODES, we were able to unfold and 
develop the project and we already know how it operates. But ready, Harland Alliance left, and we could not 
continue, for example, in the development of it, because the installed capacity is not there. Do I make myself 
understood?” (Buenaventura AFRODES Coordinator)
“One of the objectives of ACOPLE was to strengthen AFRODES in its process and let’s say that we could have made 
a much closer accompaniment, much more sustained, which in the end we tried to do with the agreement modalities 
and the accompaniment and training that we offered them. When these shortcomings were evident and the 
accompaniment was not constant, there were some situations of communication between AFRODES and Heartland, 
which later I, in my opinion, feel that we were able to resolve. It is true that we were able to negotiate, and we were 
able to better align ourselves with the objective we had, but it was not always a loving and fluid relationship. He had 
his ups and downs.” (HA Director)
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“There is a significant gap between the work that one expects community agents to do with communities and the 
encounters and contractual processes and obligations of a project with USAID, for example in terms of monitoring. 
That is a non-negotiable issue, and it is something that one has to be very rigorous in the information gathering, 
analysis, and reporting process. And yes, we had some difficulties for the community agents to understand that it was 
information that had to be constantly reported. It was a lot of information, a lot of monitoring instruments. 
Information pre, information, post, information and report of each of the sessions. So let’s say that I think that piece 
was also a little difficult to adjust, at least when I arrived it was not yet 100 percent adjusted and a lot of work had to 
be done, but I think they are lessons of what must be taken into account when one is implementing such a model.” 
(HA Director)
“We were contracted for a year, for example, we are in January and in December the people who were, those 
people that we had in December had to be paused until they hired us again, many times it was not in January, nor in 
February, but in March and in April, then people had to stay there (...) I would recommend that there be continuity, 
that is, that it be like a labor contract but if it goes for 3 years, if the contract were for 3 years.” (Quibdó -
Community Agents) 
“Well, the ACOPLE Foundation is like the result of all these years of intervention, of ACOPLE or of Heartland 
through the ACOPLE Project, and what the ACOPLE Foundation basically intends is to be able to be… to be 
interpreted as a mental health care center ( ...) Yes, it is legally constituted, it already has everything from the 
Chamber of Commerce, all this that has to be done. This was done about a year ago, and what is expected is to be 
able, through the Foundation, to be able to implement or execute resources for attention, continue to attend to the 
victims and suddenly be able to contract with entities that require mental health services (….) That is the challenge, 
to get the financiers to continue operating, to start operating.” (Quibdó ACOPLE Professionals) 
F.4.9 CAM did not have continuity in AFRODES
once USAID funding ended. This fact is related to the 
weaknesses in the organizational strengthening 
process and the challenges in obtaining resources for 
the ACOPLE Foundation, which, given that it was 
created a year before the closing of the project, it
does not currently have the necessary experience to 
apply for funds that allow continuity in the 
implementation of the strategy”. 
“…very sad when ACOPLE had to end because we had so many expectations and the same community; look, we still 
reach the communities and everyone asks.” (Quibdó-Community Agents) 
“We do not know if people in Buenaventura continue to put into practice what they learned. It would be interesting 
to find out if the community workers that we train in one way, or another are still community psychosocial 
workers.” (CISALVA Researcher)
“Well, the ACOPLE Foundation is like the result of all these years of intervention, of ACOPLE or of Heartland 
through the ACOPLE Project, and what the ACOPLE Foundation basically intends is to be able to be… to be 
interpreted as a mental health care center ( ...) Yes, it is legally constituted, it already has everything from the 
Chamber of Commerce, all this that has to be done. This was done about a year ago, and what is expected is to be 
able, through the Foundation, to be able to implement or execute resources for attention, continue to attend to the 
victims and suddenly be able to contract with entities that require mental health services (. ..) That is the challenge, 
to get the financiers to continue operating, to start operating.” (Quibdó ACOPLE Professionals) 
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“Three sustainability scenarios were analyzed. The first was an IPS and let’s say that all the requirements and all the 
needs that the IPS was going to have to operate. The second was a local non-profit organization and the third was to 
do as a merger between a local non-profit organization with financing from USAID, as in a figure of local alliances for 
development with the private sector. So, we had to have a partner from the private sector, who decided to invest, 
and let’s say that USAID leveraged those resources. At that time, this financing figure did not exist in Colombia. So 
that was one of the first options that was removed. The other two remain. In the economic analysis (...) the
investment required for the IPS to reach its break-even point was more or less 2 billion pesos and two years of 
operation with all the requirements, right? (...) The other option was the non-profit organization and that was 
chosen: ACOPLE is currently registered as a foundation in Cali. It is a foundation that has a mission that is to 
continue providing mental health care and psychosocial support to populations affected by violence.” (HA Director)
F.4.10 Despite the fact that the CAM included in its 
design actions for dissemination and transfer of the 
model to SGSSS actors and PV care institutions, the 
transfer was limited at the national and local levels. 
The CAM was not adopted by other institutional 
strategies supported by VISP (PAPSIVI, EREG, and 
Entrelazando). This is related to weaknesses in the 
design of the model’s advocacy process, high 
turnover of staff dealing with these issues in the 
institutional framework, changes in political will, and 
low capacity of the local authority to articulate the 
supply of primary health care and the offer of 
attention and repair to PV.
“For example, there was a signed agreement and in that same agreement that was, let’s say, three years, two or even 
three secretaries of health could be given, and that made it like starting over again and again, and again, which is a 
little what happens with the public sector in Colombia, it is not only here, it is in Colombia. So that made us have to 
start over again, and the same thing over again.” (Quibdó ACOPLE Professionals) 
“…look, we tried our best… I am very grateful to the Heartland Alliance, because we made a very good team with 
the people here in the country, trying to make the project a sustainable project and that it be integrated into health 
services in the two cities. Until exhaustion we try to do it with the health secretaries of the two cities. I, particularly, 
did a lot of this management, but, again, we return to the issue that I am telling you, which I believe is an unmet 
challenge, which is the fact that this was never accepted by the health services as something that would solve the 
issue for its population.” (CISALVA Director)
“We had two Agreements of Understanding signed with the Municipal Health Secretary, in this case from Quibdó. 
That Agreement of Understanding was basically oriented to make methodological transfer of our models. To transfer 
our models to the territorial entity so that they could implement that among the community care programs. That 
was our main focus (...) although they received an initial training regarding the individual care model and the group 
care model, it was not implemented as such because at that time the PIC Program was not oriented towards that, or 
the municipality did not authorize it. And they were more political issues because, politically, they define some items 
and ‘this and it is already committed and this is already,’ so in that political sense it could not be done like that.” 
(Quibdó ACOPLE Professionals) 
“I think that also, on the other hand, because the interaction with other entities and other organizations could have 
been stronger in the first years. I believe that in recent years we have worked more with the UARIV, working more 
with the MOH, but it had not been capitalized in previous years. And well, each relationship, perhaps it costs a lot to 
develop, and the processes take time. So, the work to strengthen the institutions could have started before.” (HA 
Director) 
“For a future program that can be directed by ACOPLE, there should, at a minimum, be a psychiatrist available from 
the organization to attend without being dependent on others. For example, the Ministry of Health, as I said, 
maintained one, but well, that one, in theory, did not have the time required to advance. So, it’s like that. Strengthen 
with the specialists in the case and, obviously, expand much more the range of action, which I see as a weakness, the 
range of action, basically, organizational to serve a larger group of victims. That, too, obviously means more 
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infrastructure. That means a larger specialized population to care for victims of torture. This also means greater 
logistics, but it would be important to take it into account to strengthen.” (Buenaventura AFRODES Coordinator) 
“At the national level, I believe that some approaches were made to the MOH to present the strategy and even the 
MOH was very interested in the team and the organization participating in the implementation of PAPSIVI, but it was 
a bit far from what the organization was thinking, but there was a very good relationship. And then for other 
purposes, such as the National Rehabilitation Plan, ACOPLE also made some interesting contributions in terms of the 
community-based approach and the work with community agents in the social cohesion component. So that learning 
served a lot to share with the MOH: practices, recommendations and let’s say other features that were being 
developed since the project.” (HA Director)
“Not of transference, but there was also a lot of closeness, from the project we held many meetings of emotional 
care and we even held meetings to exchange experiences with weavers. That too is documented. People who work 
in PAPSIVI and in other strategies, as I said at the beginning, who had the role of community agent, so that they could 
tell about their experience. And at the local level, caregiver care or emotional care exercises were carried out.” (HA 
Director) 
“Look, the PAPSIVI was at that meeting, the Victims Unit was there, all those you just named. (Detail removed) came, 
as the story goes, dick inside his leg, they didn’t even stop five balls. So, the truth is that I don’t know where they get 
all that world of things, like from the hat.” (CISALVA Director) 
“Well, there are precisely strategies that are implementing it, in PAPSIVI you can see the community link. In 
Entrelazando the figure of the weaver or the weaver is also known and there are multiple strategies and programs 
that involve a community role in the process of care and psychosocial support. However, I think that what sets 
ACOPLE apart is that this role is even more important than the role of the psychologist, the social worker or the 
professionals who accompany the intervention. Each coupling team was made up of ten, around ten or twelve 
community agents, two psychologists and a social worker per direct care team, obviously. Well, there is an additional 
operation support team, which is leadership, but that was the team that provided direct care. So, the importance 
given to the role is greater. The commitment is to provide more accompaniment, more care and psychosocial
support than specialized mental health care.” (HA Director) 
“Yes, exactly with PAVSIVI. In recent years, we had the opportunity to communicate with some professionals who 
worked at PAVSIVI, here in the city of Quibdó, and since they also have a limit of care, so what they said was, ‘oh 
well, that’s it, with this limit attention, I see that there are still things to work on, I would like you to continue 
accompanying them,’ and it was very good. It occurred mainly with the victims here in Quibdó, with the victims who 
had been displaced from somewhere else and who were residing here in Quibdó. As ACOPLE was mainly here in 
Quibdó, so we offered care here.” (Quibdó ACOPLE Professionals)
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12. ADDITIONAL QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 5
TABLE 36. QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 3
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F.5.1 VISP’s economic stabilization pilot was 
successful in tailoring its model for working with 
different types of RPOs with victim’s participation, 
exhibiting different needs and levels of organizational, 
commercial, technical, environmental and public 
policy and communications capacities.
“This was, we are going to intervene 6 organizations at 6 different times and we are going to teach them.” (IOM 
National) 
F.5.2 The definition of the type of support to 
provide to each RPO was based on the diagnosis and 
participatory definition of organization’s needs and 
capacities through a strengthening plan. In general, 
the support had a practical approach, and included a 
financial investment for improving infrastructure and 
equipment, together with the provision of technical 
support, management training, and an innovative 
component regarding ICTs for branding and 
commercialization. 
“We have received some support, but sometimes they arrive, they deliver, but they do not ask what the association 
wants or what the ideals are, but rather they say, ‘this is what they need’ and that is what they deliver. And they have 
gone, and one has stayed there with those materials, without knowing what to do or where to get them. The IOM, 
from the first moment it arrived in our territory, always agreed with us, what the association wants, what it is aiming 
for as an association and according to what we wanted, they paved the way for what we wanted from them. Always 
telling us ‘it is not what we want to bring, it is what the association wants to do, what it has in mind to do and we are 
here to support you in what you consider you need for the good development of your association. That is why there
is a difference.’” (VISP Pilot Organization)
“They told us, ‘there is a project for this, what do you want,’ it is not something that nobody imposed. In the 
Municipality they say, ‘have these chickens,’ but they don’t ask you if you want to work with the chickens, it’s 
something they impose on you. No, this was something that was born from us and that we said, ‘this is what we 
want.’” (VISP Pilot Organization)
“So a little bit this plan was built with them. We sat down with the organizations and told them, well, this is what you 
know how to do, this is what you do, you want to do this. And the organizations said, yes, and with them we built 
the plan (...) But let’s say that this was a whole process of co-construction with them, which we later also selected, 
we sat down in Belén de Umbría and that’s where they landed.” (IOM National)
“It wasn’t like that with the IOM, they didn’t hesitate for us, workshops on I don’t know what, no, there were some 
trainings, it worked for us, but they would have burned us with workshops on one thing or another, and the money 
It would not have stayed in workshops like the other projects do.” (VISP Pilot Organization)
“In the agroindustry part that the equipment gave us, they helped us with the equipment because we had been 
working in an artisanal way and that is what encourages one, and freezers, everything they gave us, then it was very 
good.” (VISP Pilot Organization)
“Also, something that was very important is that the IOM, despite the fact that it trained us, left us a technical 
engineer to be with us there, all the time in the cultivation process. So, something that we missed, pests, diseases, the 
technical engineer was there. And it was an engineer that when we needed him, we called him, and he was there. 
He’s still there, although I don’t know if he’s still working, but he’s still there and he doesn’t call you and explain to 
you what step you have to take, that’s a very important thing too.” (VISP Pilot Organization)
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F.5.3 VISPs economic stabilization pilot is adapted to 
working with rural vulnerable populations, although 
there was no clear differential approach for working 
with victims or other population groups. In a couple 
of cases, however, participants report valuing
exercises carried out to address pain related with 
being victims.
“Well, look, let’s say that we did have a differential approach, but strictly no, we did not reflect it in the project, 
because it was not one of the areas of analysis, how to work with women specifically? How to do it with Afro￾descendant populations? How to do it with young people?” (IOM National)
“Our conditions apply to vulnerable populations... not all the beneficiaries of the projects were victims, but they are 
all vulnerable populations.” (IOM National)
 “Then thanks to those IOM workshops it was possible to remove a lot of pain that was inside, in that part it has 
been very repercussion that the IOM has come to give us support in this issue of victims.” (VISP Pilot Organization)
F.5.4 While the Pilot did not have specific goals 
regarding improvements in the organization’s 
production and commercialization results, there are 
some reported improvements in terms of increased 
production, diversification, and sales. 
“The productive technical support was not sufficient...we accompanied the most urgent needs...we sought to be an 
input for public policy, not an intervention to help organizations with everything they needed.” (IOM National)
F.5.5 Despite having received training related to 
commercialization capacities, for instance, training in 
the use of social medial, the establishment of 
organization’s web pages and support to obtain 
quality certificates, most organizations continue to 
face challenges in commercializing their products in 
the quantity and frequency required for economic 
stabilization and for guaranteeing the sustainability of 
the support received. 
“The program trained the topic of strategy on how to make significant, relevant publications that generate impact, 
stimulate the emotion and emotionality of the public, some publication guidelines, management of social networks, 
the experience with that consultant was very cool and that we improved the topic of social networks, we have 
Facebook, the page, we publish commercial content and also social content.” (VISP Pilot Organization)
“I’m going to be honest, no, the truth is we haven’t done any business yet with the page, I think maybe beyond.” 
(VISP Pilot Organization)
“That is what we want, a more stable commercialization, because we sell and we make yogurts every 8 days, but I am 
not going to tell you we are making 500 yogurts monthly.” (VISP Pilot Organization) 
“I think that there we do need a little support, a little push in marketing, and because of the economic situation, 
because our economic situation is not the best, it is not, so that I say ‘I am going to get 500’ and (detail removed) says 
‘I’m also going to get 500 and we’re going to invest it,’ that’s a lie, we would need that, a capital to buy the raw 
material, what I told her, a person to help us with the organizational, with the associative we need, give it so that 
these girls who are like there ‘I better hope they work, give it so that they empower us more.’” (VISP Pilot
Organization) 
F.5.6 The Covid-19 pandemic affected the 
implementation of the economic pilots, having to 
virtualize part of the training and sessions. The 
pandemic also affected the local economic 
environments and thus, the opportunities for RPOs 
to improve their sales. This, in addition to pre￾existing local economic barriers, including bad road 
infrastructure and limited internet connectivity.
“Basically with IOM, well, we also had some difficulties that was the pandemic, there we moved away a bit, we did 
not have as many things as we had, more training but we also did virtual, virtual meetings, virtual training.” (VISP 
Pilots Organization)
 “We accompany them in the psychosocial, but there were always many downturns, in the pandemic we had 
downturns, because the second part of the program was in a pandemic.” (IOM National)
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F.5.7 A successful innovation of the economic pilots 
was the emphasis on peer-to-peer learning provided 
by a stablished organization. This allowed participants 
to learn from first-hand real experiences, yielding 
practical knowledge and motivation that 
accompaniment and training provided by other types 
of actors cannot typically generate.
“It showed us a very different panorama from what we know as an association, we had a very pleasant experience in 
Belén de Humbría and that was where we learned about the processes that come from other associations 
homologous to us and that they really have a much longer mileage than that of us and that mileage made us 
understand and comprehend that vision for the future, I broaden the panorama, of being a more conservative 
association, with more fears, it assumes more risks, we will have to assume them in these processes and knowing the 
different expressions served us too much.” (VISP Pilot Organization)
“What happens is that one thing is the theoretical, one thing is to train on methodological and theoretical contents, 
another thing is to live an experience from the empirical but also from the technical and the theoretical, the empirical 
theory, or the empirical experience suddenly leads to subjecting the theoretical to the practical, so it was very 
important to get to know these organizations in real life, theory can handle anything, reality cannot be disguised, so 
we learned about that reality from other organizations where they also had many difficulties, but that these difficulties 
generate learning, in these associative and business processes, always the error, the difficulties, the problems will 
bring learning and that learning helps us to be much better, then we learned about the experience of these 
organizations in learning territory and we understood what is the what we had to do at the time.” (VISP Pilot 
Organization) 
“So it is a different way, which is not a person, a professional who has studied all his life, an academic who sits down 
and teaches them, tells them look, this is how they can do it, because this worked in I don’t know where or in 
another country, but tells them I did it here, I did it in my town, but it worked for me and this is the way to do it and 
it works. And I think that made a lot of sense (…) the managers stood up and told them; we started just like you, but 
you have to do this and this and this so that you can achieve it. So I think that was one of the most interesting 
experiences of the project.” (IOM National)
F.5.8 The Pilot made an emphasis on transferring 
capacities and empowering the organizations and 
local governments in the co-responsibility to 
continue the strengthening process beyond the 
implementation of the Pilots. Organization leaders, 
and youth members constitute relevant actors for 
the sustainability of the support and more generally, 
of the organization. 
“All the time we had to be pushing them: ‘No, this is yours. You have to be there’ and that is why for us in the 
framework of this project it was very important to always be empowering and accompanying them, but doing it 
together, not that we did, no. Rather, we provide part, and you provide another. That was also important and that is 
also a lesson learned. We provide, but you also provide. We are going to give you inputs, but you are going to plant 
and you are going to learn to sow and then they will continue to do it alone, because we will not be here all our lives 
and they will have to do it this way from now on.” (IOM National)
 “What are we looking for with the project? That, if we leave, they are empowered and continue forward, but also 
that the institutions that are in the territory accompany them (...) that the local institutions continue to be connected 
with the process, seeking a little, that it does not stop and that they continue to accompany them until they need it.” 
(IOM National)
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“It is not the same to arrive as an IOM, to work with an organization, and to leave and not tell anyone… because, 
after all, everyone supports and everyone puts… telling the institutions what you are going to do is important, and 
sometimes It is not done… we do come and bring together the institutions in the territory, on related issues and we 
tell them about the project, when we tell them about the project, there are many ideas, and everyone contributes, 
not only resources, they contribute other things, the mayor’s office says no I have money but I have an engineer, or 
you leave but I follow the accompaniment... we leave this in the recommendations, it is very important... above all 
because many organizations need this permanent accompaniment... if they are left alone, they strengthened and left 
and no they left that installed capacity.” (IOM National) 
“… when one identifies an organization one also has to identify the types of leadership, because in the end they are 
the ones who begin to move resources and the capacities of the people who are there. Not everyone has the same 
ability and not everyone can be a leader, but we must seek, let’s say a little within the framework of this 
strengthening, so that they themselves realize this, so that the people who are at the have this ability to manage 
resources, because initially when these organizations are created… they need an injection of capital, then they also 
need people, let’s say suitable, who know how to look for them.” (IOM National) 
“And my son went to learning territory, and there is another boy, my son is very good at making quesillos, and there 
is another young woman, (detail removed), who likes the matter of making quesillos, so I tell these children that we 
don’t know leave the town here, that we say ‘work here, here you have your salary,’ how wonderful, the 
generational change, giving employment to our youth, our rural boys, I dream of that, and I say to the compañeras ‘I 
know that the day I leave I am not going to take anything because this is not mine, this is for the person who works,’ 
because I cannot take anything, or yes, I can take the pot, say that the I am going to sell, so I tell them, this is like 
leaving a future for our children, it seems to me like the berraquera.” (VISP Organization) 
F.5.9.Through workshops and accompaniment, the 
program empowered organizations, and in particular 
women members, to strengthen and re-orient their 
work and that of the organization’s responding to a 
better understanding of what rural associativity is and 
its potential for improving income generation. 
“When the wives went, that is, the management of the association there, at the beginning, ‘I’m going because my 
husband arrives and is going to scold me, my husband is going to arrive and what anguish,’ that is, with that I am 
desperate and with that concern, not now, they say ‘no, I am going to the meeting, I am not doing anything wrong, 
and I am going to dedicate time to it,’ it has been removed as that limit of my husband arriving and what will he say 
and that I am going to have problems, no, that has been overcome, because that was also a limitation for us, and what 
(detail removed) says is how we have discovered ourselves, because we say yes we could, yes I can, yes I have the 
capacity, First, ‘no, well, the house, let him go help milking,’ with many difficulties because one has difficulties, yes, but 
this has helped us a lot for many things, personal improvement.” (VISP Pilot Organization) 
“Something that was also very important with the IOM, and that is that when they arrive, we were already 
discouraged, we had no more desire to continue flying, to continue advancing with our association because we had 
had many losses, and they arrive and begin to work, and they make us take the impulse to continue flying. From there 
we began to gain strength and we began to fly and at the moment we are there, flying with difficulties, but we are 
flying.” (Missing source) 
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“In this case, I could tell you that we have improved, apart from the training we have received where each of the 
women is already aware, we received a very important training where they told us: ‘what are we associated with 
here for’ and we said: ‘for improve the quality of life,’ but what does an associate earn from what she invests? Well, 
we did not earn anything because we said that the project is non-profit and that nothing can be distributed. When 
the IOM arrives and he explains to us what a non-profit organization is and why an association has to grow, like the 
issue of actions, you work for an association, for the same goal, but each one must have at least its plot, which is 
what is going to be left to her, that is what she is going to live on.” (Missing source) 
F.5.10 VISP’s economic pilot systematized its lessons 
learned in documents, a webpage, a podcast and a 
public event. Further national level dissemination 
activities were not carried out due to time 
constraints, although local teams of the IP have 
informally socialized results to local governments.
“The main objective, (detail removed), was how to generate this document of recommendations, not how to tell the 
national government a little, although not only the national government, as you tell me, but also the Academy. Well, 
we did this research and it is a how you could do it so that an organization that is dedicated to generating income 
can be successful and do well, stabilize… How has it gone, let’s say socializing? We did with the employment mission, 
and we did that through the Universidad de los Andes…” (IOM National)
“Each thing that the document has was a product of what happened, so it was a daily documentation of what we 
were collecting. Ah, well, this happened, this happened with the women of Chocó, it is that this happened with 
Grasmer.” (IOM National) 
“Putting these recommendations into practice is being done by these six organizations, which does not mean that it 
has to be only them, because they were the base, but rather that the National Government is aware of the project 
and replicates it. We did that and we are doing it a little with the council of governors from our territorial offices. 
And at the launch that we invited, let’s say and we told a little about all the results of the project and the Ministry of 
Labor was there, it was at the public employment service. We invited different entities and organizations that had to 
do with these issues of empowerment and income generation (...) we did not do more because, let’s say, we were in 
the closing phase.” (IOM National)
“We have also done it with the territories through our territorial offices. What they have done is to continue 
socializing the results, because the idea is that as you say, yes, well, the mayor leaves and then the other one comes 
they no longer know about the subject, but rather that they themselves take ownership and know what the results 
were so that they can continue replicating it in the territories.” (IOM National)
“The other programs do not carry out this analytical and reflection process.” (IOM National)
F.5.11 Different actors recognize the value of VISP 
having worked directly with victims and in topics 
related to economic stabilization, being a relevant 
need of victims, despite this not being a part of the 
original design of the program. 
“There is an issue that we did not work much on, but that I loved, and that we did almost at the last moment, and it 
was the issue of generating income, the issue of establishing, of taking on as a pilot, that they are going to have the 
possibility in Tierralta to look at it, a pilot to generate elements that would allow us to generate public policies on 
the issue of generating income for the victim population. This is a highly requested issue, the victims, but since we did 
not work with victims, we did it through an organization that today … which is what we have and they did it in other 
territories. But when one realizes that, if we work on the issue of income generation, that allows a dynamic , give it a 
point where the current dynamics, due to the pandemic and all the high cost of living and everything that is 
happening, can have a greater impact on the population directly, because it is understandable that we did not work 
directly with the community. Generation of income if there was the possibility of working it.” (IOM Local) 
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“I think that it is necessary, urgent, too important. I go back and say the word urgent, to support the victim 
population with this kind of projects, if USAID could study the possibility that for this region, for this country, it is 
very necessary to make a small push that population that wants to get ahead, that at some point had the opportunity 
to have it, suddenly their farms generating cattle, milk.” (IOM Local) 
Exhibit 144. Mentions in Q5 categories vs. Transversal categories. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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13. ADDITIONAL QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 6
TABLE 37. QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 6
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F.6.1 Interviewees consider income generation as a 
key mechanism that allows victims to move from 
receiving assistance to obtaining comprehensive 
reparation and acquiring the capabilities for their self￾support.
“I would go for the issue of income generation, I believe that, although the other rights are fundamental, they are 
important, it is necessary to bet on the issue of income generation, so a family becomes autonomous. Not depending 
on humanitarian aid, because if I don’t receive humanitarian aid this month, then I don’t have a way to feed my 
children. Having that autonomy in this economic part and this empowerment in this issue of income generation, I 
think it is vital for what the law wants, the effective enjoyment of the rights of the victim population and begin to 
release them, right?” (UARIV-Local) 
“For me it is an issue that is the link between the two things, it is what allows this transition from the assistance that 
comes in terms of the phases of the law to that which guarantees that self-support or allows already with that life 
project been, be destined or dedicated to the final stretch that would already be the processes of integral 
reparation.” (Non-Institutional Actor)
“And I would say that a right that must be accompanied by the victims in this last stage that is coming, are the 
economic and social rights, the people, how good that you and I know our rights, that we know how to access them, 
that we know this institutional framework, but if in real life I don’t even have how to finance the basic needs of my 
family and the members of my organization, well, I’m not going to live on my own, I have to live on real life. That 
investigation said that the link between the generation of income and the link with the housing programs were the
click to get out of the state of unconstitutional things with these victims, that is, a victim who has income is already a 
victim who is not there all the time waiting for them to be granted (...) So, I think that this click with the generation 
of economic opportunities is a click that I would say to USAID, do not lose sight of it because I think it is time.” 
(IOM Local) 
F.6.2 There have been advances regarding the 
economic establishment of victims, including making 
the topic visible, creating specifically targeted 
programs and setting additional points for victims in 
the entry criteria of income generation programs for 
vulnerable populations. The follow-up conducted by 
the Constitutional Court, the Ombudsman’s Office, 
the Attorney General’s Office and the VL follow-up 
commission has been relevant for achieving this.
“There has been progress in the implementation of programs such as the protection of the unemployed, the 
entrepreneurship law, the ORMETs, programs such as FEST, Somos Rurales, and efforts to unify instruments such as 
the characterization tool for profiling people who seek employment.” (Non-institutional Actor - Expert in income 
generation) 
“Let’s say that there have been great advances in coverage, for example, I think that it has tried to reach many 
people, I think that there are lessons learned from trying to maintain the programs. There is a program in the DPS 
that has been going on for almost 3 or 4 years, that has never been seen before, which is Mi Negocio. Iraca, for 
example, which is the only rural income generation program for the indigenous population that has worked, and the 
best thing is that it has lasted over time.” (Expert income generation)
“MinCommerce also mentions how the mandate given to the entity to support the generation of income for the 
victims has been permanently transformed into an inclusive productive development approach: ‘It is already clear that 
this is a Vice Ministry that not only has to work for the victims because it has an investment project, and the Law 
gave it a mandate, anyway, but it is part of the strategy, and I think that is very valuable.’” (MoC-Income Generation 
expert)
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“I think the fact that the Constitutional Court is above politics has been important, that makes organizations do 
something, even if it is to respond to the Court, but do something.” (Income Generation Expert) 
F.6.3 While there are policy documents setting the 
normative framework for the income generation of 
victim’s (in particular, displaced population) policy, 
different actors (government, experts, victims’ 
roundtables) agree that there is no public policy per 
se guiding the implementation of actions, the 
permanence of these, or the articulation of actors 
around this issue.
“There is no policy and I think there is no policy because there is no policy document. The income generation policy 
document that was CONPES 3616 was the line policy document for many years, but it faded, it got old and then 
many other CONPES came out that even competed with it. At the end of the day there was no policy document in 
which various entities sat down and each one said, you know what, I take responsibility for this little part of the 
policy, I take responsibility for this little part… So, since there is no policy document, it is not necessary that for 
there to be a policy there must be a document, that is clear, but if there is a document there are rules of the game. 
In the income generation policy there are no rules of the game, everyone does what they want.” (Income Generation 
Expert)
“Although this whole process is embodied in a CONPES and there is a specific route, taking it to that home route 
makes it not as effective.” (Income Generation Expert)
“The issuance of the law, the regulation and CONPES 3712 were unclear in distributing responsibilities and 
complementary strategies between policy sectors.” (Income Generation Expert) 
F.6.4 Two types of entrepreneurship income 
generation interventions coexist: programs 
specifically targeted towards victims (in particular, 
internally displaced population) with specific budget 
allocations, and general income generation programs 
targeted towards vulnerable populations, for which 
victims are eligible, in some cases, with preferential 
entry criteria. In general, experts agree it is 
preferable to have general policy instruments, but 
with an effective victim’s differential approach in their 
implementation.
“I think it is better to work with areas and programs that are already working… and in all these programs serve 
victims… to say that we are going to develop a program only for victims, it would be the same route with the same 
attention basically.” (DPS-Income Generation Expert) 
“We would have Campo Emprende for victims, Campo Emprende for the Afro population and for indigenous people, 
for such a thing. That is to say, it is a lot of subjects that operationally that becomes chaos (...) So what was chosen 
was the subject of opening the open call and we give those preferential scores.” (MoA-Income Generation Expert) 
“Having these distinctions can generate very complex things in the territory, the people of the community who have 
been there all their lives, historically poor, and the answer they gave us, is that I am not displaced, they will never give 
me anything. If we are talking about building community, those differences can end up separating us… that approach 
and those differences should be present to know how it improves its process of accompanying victims, disability, 
Afro, the operator should know that, be extremely clear, and put this approach into practice, which is not always put 
into practice, but the opportunities must be for everyone (...) although I know that there is a historical debt with the 
victims, but it is necessary to arrive in a more comprehensive way to everyone.” (IOM National)
“There are other things for which we should see the victims, in terms of psychosocial support, in terms of reparation 
in other ways, in terms of memory, for example, but in terms of income generation, we have to help people get out 
of poverty, period. To the poor, the poor and the displaced too.” (Income Generation Expert) 
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“I told him, we are going to do two entrepreneurial projects, they are the same, well, let’s just do one and he said, 
but why don’t you provide psychosocial support to the victims. I told him, it’s that everyone needs psychosocial 
support, that is, those who are poor are not only poor, they’re screwed, they also need psychosocial support 
because they also have many problems. The sons are also on drugs, their daughters have also been raped, they have a 
lot of issues that also spiral into poverty. So there has to be psychosocial for everyone, community and psychosocial 
support has to exist in every project, and it has to be for everyone, it cannot be exclusive only for victims. Hence, 
there is a much stronger psychosocial process for victims who have some kind of psychological, psychiatric trauma, 
that’s different.” (Income Generation Expert)
“In local governments, the programs that are special for victims or that have a minimum number of victim 
beneficiaries, see it as a problem to find all the beneficiaries that apply, in part because the victims are not trained, 
and in part because of the rural dispersion : ‘they had an... additional score and that additional score had to be 
dismantled because they are very dispersed (...) The individual support for the victims is what applies, what is 
collectively for only the population that has that condition , it is very difficult, because they are very dispersed.” 
(Local ART)
“In the existing programs that are only focused on victims, the Ministry of Commerce reports that they have had 
some difficulties finding operators. And there are operators that I know that perhaps in agriculture and the DPS 
happens to them at the time, that they no longer want to work with victims, because it is complex, so they say, ‘for 
them to declare me a non-compliance, no.’ Because of all the complexities, because the capabilities are different, 
because the dialogue is sometimes different, because finding those that meet these conditions is difficult. So, it is also 
being generated, I tell you, I am not going to say who, but there are also allies who have told us ‘no, I do not measure 
myself against victims because the execution is a bit complicated for me.’ And that leaves us in a difficult situation of 
execution.” (Mi Comercio-Income Generation Expert)
F.6.5 In general, income generation programs for 
vulnerable populations do not incorporate a 
differential approach for working with victims (e.g. 
offering or referencing beneficiaries to receive
psychosocial support related to conflict-derived 
trauma). 
“Rehabilitation is a key aspect because there is robust evidence on the incidence of forced displacement on the 
emotional state of the victims and their performance in the labor market, (detail removed) mentions in a study by the 
Universidad de los Andes. He says that the victims they suffer from greater aversion to risk, hopelessness and low 
prospects for social mobility. Trauma hinders socio-emotional skills and is a poverty trap.” (Expert Non-institutional 
Actor) 
“We have methodologies, guidelines for a differential approach, but who tells you that Mi Negocio does something 
special for victims? No, it is the same operational route.” (DPS-Income Generation Expert)
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“…in practice there was no differential approach, which should clearly exist (...) we had psychosocial professionals 
but aimed at promoting the commercial (...) the victim population requires accompaniment with a priority emphasis 
on psychosocial, yes, but for issues of time that is left aside... the guide can capture interesting things, but in practice 
they remain as in the workshops... and well, it is not an intervention process, but a referral process of those 
situations that are they identify and that put the business unit at risk.” (IOM National)
“Even in the work that the new strategic strengthening of entrepreneurship group of the VU is carrying out, the 
victim’s differential approach, at least regarding psychosocial attention, is not clear: we do not do psychosocial supply 
management (...) the truth we don’t have a work plan for this, we don’t do this kind of accompaniment... but we do 
train the ally or cooperant on issues of raising awareness in the approach and language with victims.” (VU-Income 
Generation Expert) 
“I find a very great need and that IOM proved it with this women’s association in Buenos Aires. And it is how the 
emotional issue, the issue of human talent, the psychosocial issue is essential for a business to be successful. Yes, I see 
that great need and I’m like trying to see who copies me in being able to make these alliances.” (Local VU)
“In the Ministry of Commerce, they do report implementing the victim’s entrepreneurship support differently, for 
instance they granting financial support, whereas for regular enterprises they do not. However, this could be 
understood as a differential approach for working with vulnerable populations, not specifically victims.” (missing 
source) 
“The psychosocial accompaniment initially starts and, which is the most important, is the issue of resilience. With the 
victim population, you will always find yourself with a reluctance to ‘I can’t because I’m a victim, I was a victim, I can’t 
get to…’” (Mi Comercio- Income Generation Expert)
“Because of the experience still in territory with peasant communities, I do believe that whoever attends to the 
victim population, whether rural or urban, has to have another language, as well as the one who attends to 
indigenous people or Afro-descendants, because sometimes we ask for that now in the profiles, and it is that they 
have to have worked with the victim population, to recognize a lot of things, that whoever has not done so does not 
recognize, in front of a victim who has gone through, let’s say, very complex conditions in his life.” (Mi Comercio￾Income Generation Expert)
F.6.6 Most entrepreneurship income generation 
support programs for vulnerable populations 
(including victims) offer a mix of entrepreneurship 
training, training in cross cutting skills (leadership, 
making decisions, communicating, etc.) and financial 
incentives to capitalize existing or new production 
“There is an issue of ignorance of the territories, of saying ready, what I want is to export and my goal will always be 
how to export, export, export. The day you export then it is successful. And not necessarily (...) So I think that there 
may also be a change of chip in the paradigm of which market we want to target, if it is more a matter of suddenly 
public purchases of short circuits, more of local supplies, because I don’t know, in our municipalities we do have the 
issue that production costs are too high. And taking production out of the municipalities is also too high.” (National 
ART)
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units (both rural and urban). In these, the 
intervention unit is the individual and the 
intervention’s approach is assistance-based, rather 
than following a market-firm approach responding to 
the local economic context and working 
systematically with the private sector.
“Increasing the effectiveness of the policy should be sought. One mechanism could be to move from the nuclear 
(individual or household) to the community (block, village, etc.). The community has more possibilities of results and 
sustainability to the extent that contributes to social control, the expansion of coverage, linkages, complementarities 
and scalability (...) By having a community intervention, well, one cultivates, the other transports, the other sells and 
there you begin to link those productive chains where the whole community is part of that local chain.” (Income 
Generation Expert)
“International cooperation can support the government with “un trabajo más académico en ver las potencialidades 
del territorio para poder diseñar procesos de acompañamiento orientados a esa vocación del territorio, 
intervenciones más contextualizadas.” (IOM National) 
“How do we begin to strengthen this establishment of companies from the same territory and a generation of 
industry from the same territory? Not of, ‘let’s bring the big private to make an exploitation,’ but how do we 
generate these value chains from within I think that there is also an interesting issue there, an issue of formalizing 
companies, in terms of creating lawful issues, how this dynamic begins to take place, and I think there is also a very 
strong cultural issue that must be worked on and an issue of strengthening social capital.” (ART National)
“…also the alliances with the private sector on issues of inclusive linkages with the sector that we believe can be a 
very important factor of sustainability because when we withdraw, surely the private company will be in the 
territories and will be able to contribute including in its value chain to entrepreneurs.” (National VU- Income 
Generation Expert) 
“Successful case of a program that manages to expand coverage by making an alliance with the private sector, directly 
with the Ministry of Commerce: More Productive Women, which I was just telling you about, where we managed to 
have co-financing from the private sector, that is, we made an alliance public – private, and by obtaining a co-financing 
value equal to and sometimes higher than the value we contribute, we can serve a large part of the population. What 
is happening, that here we were able to generate a higher cost-benefit, not only because of the situation that the 
pandemic gave us where we started to generate by closing the digital divide, but also because of that, thanks to that 
installed capacity that Bavaria already has, in the generation of productive chains and generating effective market 
connections, we were able to start serving, say, in a first phase, fifteen thousand women.” (MinCommerce-Income 
Generation Expert)
F.6.7 More than X victims have accessed income 
generation programs, although the VU estimates that 
more than 1 million have productive units and thus 
could require this support, evidencing the limited 
advance on attention coverage, partly due to 
insufficient fiscal resources.
“We believe that there are 1 million enterprises within the 9 million RUV, so we need this support for the 
characterization.” (VU-Income Generation expert)
“Although many entities have been working on gender issues for a long time, without having a specific intention, it is 
because the population has that condition, most of the beneficiaries that we have in the different programs are 
women. And I think that we also has left several lessons on which it is necessary to delve a little more, perhaps we 
have not taken much advantage of the data derived from that reality, and it is that, we end up attending without 
having a specific axis that said ‘so many women,’ the majority are women, and that has to shed light on the design of 
future instruments.” (MinComercio-Income Generation Expert)
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“The traditional income and employment generation programs have a very short scope, because compared to the 
magnitude of the problem, they are programs that cover thousands of beneficiaries, when the problem is millions. So, 
what limits that? Well, the intervention at the national level reaches us in all the territories and wherever it arrives, it 
arrives with limited quotas. There are also no capacities installed in the territory to complement the national 
intervention and there is also no culture of self-management, for the most part, not all of them, there are successful 
cases, but also the households themselves are predisposed to wait for help and not to manage it.” (Income 
Generation Expert).
“I would say that what is needed is money and political will. We have an underfunded CONPES.” (Victims’ Table)
F.6.8 There are currently 8 public agencies and over 
17 income generation programs that victims can 
access. This ample supply of programs is not 
articulated in an attention route, there are no general 
guidelines for the targeting of programs and the 
information on victim’s attentions and necessities is 
not integrated. This derives in duplicity of programs 
in terms of their objectives, despite heterogeneity in 
some of the conditions provided (e.g., the 
capitalization amount). 
“We need those who are there (in the Victims Unit) to help guide a little more, both to the victims of what is the 
offer that works for them, and to us (MinComercio) in case we are not being relevant in what we have , right?, that 
the Unit can tell us, ‘hey look, really most people here are asking for something else.’ Or ‘definitely these 
characteristics that you are putting into the programs, it is not’ (...) The dialogue exists, we have the data, because we 
talk to each other and so on, but that it transcends, that it effectively becomes a systemic job, I think that we still 
have a challenge there as a system.” (MinCommerce-Income Generation Expert) 
“The focus group does an exercise with VU to reach the territories with the most victims.” (DPS-Income Generation 
Expert) 
“No one has been the gateway for projects. As there is no real gateway for the projects, each one takes the victim 
they want to attend to, in the way they want to focus or from the list they have. So the victims one does not know 
what projects they can access and what not. The second thing, the offer really comes to the victim like a drop from 
the sky, that is, we take a list, one day the victim is sitting at home and receives a call and they say, hey go to a 
training. Because of this training, she now enters an income-generating project and the virgin appeared to her 
because she was at the right time, in the right place, in the right municipality, and on the right list. There is also a very
big targeting problem there.” (Income Generation Expert)
“Since there is no articulation, it is a disaster, each one focuses on the one they want and nobody tells the other that 
they are focusing on that one. So there are victims who could have easily received five income-generating projects 
while there are five victims who did not receive nothing because we continue to have many targeting problems, we 
continue to target that I have your email as a victim or you have a cell phone, when the victims, the most fucked up 
victims, don’t even have email and they change their cell phone every three months because they have to pawn it , 
because it was stolen, because it was a prepaid line and they canceled it.” (Income Generation Expert)
“And everyone spends money, that is not efficient, making characterizations. I think that this is one of the great 
challenges and it is one of how you manage to share that information to see if, for example, you are spending the 
same amount with the same association from Agriculture, from the DPS and from Commerce, which can also 
happen.” (MinCommerce-Income Generation Expert)
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“On the issue of access to programs from differential scores, it happens that if there is no clarity on the intervention 
route, the scores can be set, but there are no victims or their organizations that meet the requirements, as is 
reported to happen with AP: ‘Well, take care of the victim population,’ and one says ‘yes, but if the victim population 
does not meet the requirements, even if we put differential scores, because it is a bit difficult to reach that access’ 
(…) Yes, but I have a political objective, yes, but include the victim population. If you understand me? It is like in that 
case, that sometimes that is where the disconnection may be and that is causing the victim population not to be 
attended to in the volume that one hope that it is being attended to.” (MADR-Income Generation Expert)
F.6.9 The institutional arrangement around victim’s 
income generation is still weak. The definition of 
roles and leadership have changed across time and 
remains unclear. Furthermore, despite the existence 
of articulation spaces, effective integration and 
communication remains limited.
“There has not been someone to organize the house since the policy for victims began with Law 387 and every time 
the years go by, in my view, it is that there are more institutions doing more things and that also does a lot of 
damage to politics because there is no specific mourner who answers. So that’s the thing about politics. So, the Unit 
for Victims undertakes undertakings, the DPS undertakes undertakings, the SENA undertakes undertakings, the 
Ministry of Commerce undertakes undertakings, the Foreign Ministry undertakes undertakings, lately the Ministry of 
Labor undertakes undertakings. So everyone does ventures and each one does it as they want (...) The downside is 
that there is a disparity in the programs, so there are income generation programs that offer you 7 million seed 
capital and there are others that offer you a million of weights. That is very serious, it is very bad for politics, for 
development, to establish learning, to standardize programs, strategies. Each one does what they consider and with 
what they have, so that affects them.” (Income Generation Expert) 
“The VU’s new strategic strengthening of entrepreneurship group reports ‘we are dealing with IOM to help us, we 
have had approaches to work in the municipalities where they operate to strengthen them... we had a couple of 
meetings, we already know the municipalities where they operate but nothing has materialized.” (VU Income 
generation expert) 
“The institutional framework for me should be very clear, the SENA should take charge of training issues. The DPS 
should be in charge of entrepreneurship issues and it is necessary to define whether the Public Employment Service 
or the DPS would carry out the employability functions, for me it is. However, there are many discussions because 
the decree for the formation of the Public Employment Service was also left with some gaps that no one knows very 
well how to play there either, but in theory it should be him in my way of see.” (Expert-Non-institutional Actor) 
“The lack of a governing entity of the income generation policy is evidenced in programs that are duplicated with 
different levels of support to the participants, duration of the interventions varied but in general short compared to 
the times required for the maturation of the enterprises, people who benefit from various programs and other 
people without attention.” (Income Generation Expert)
 “We have just made an administrative adjustment in the entity because we realized that the issues of socioeconomic 
stabilization and income generation are undoubtedly issues that for different reasons we must pay special attention 
to, we know that there are gaps in public policy, in general.” (VUNational) 
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“The lack of articulation is evidenced in cases such as in the Integral Rural Reform plans that the MoA has led 
(including the rural income generation plan) the VU did not participate, and the plans do not have a differential 
approach for working with victims: No, the Victims Unit wasn’t really present. We really didn’t have that kind of in￾depth communication with them. We were much more involved with the reincorporation unit and at that moment, 
you’re right about that, on that side, at the moment of the definition of the plans did not participate properly.” 
(MADR- Income Generation Expert) 
“We usually always present a report on what we have, but more than anything it has been like that from the Ministry 
of Agriculture. How have you contributed to the issue? That is, it has been more of a point of us giving them a report 
than properly, well, there in, let’s say, there, something deeper with the subject of victims, taking into account what I 
was telling you, the restrictions that the ministry has and for him for the subject.” (MADR- Income Generation 
Expert)
“Very few of the territorial entities know that the national plans exist. So it is difficult to be able to have such 
coordination. They, for example, are more focused depending on the issue. For example, if they are with the ART, 
the PDET municipalities have a very good information on how the institutional offer reaches them, even if it is 
disjointed, but it reaches them. In those that do not, the issues are already different.” (MADR-Income Generation 
Expert)
“The ET do not know the investment projects, the cooperation does not go through the Mayor’s Office to tell him 
what they are doing, the same goes for the private sector and see if that is within the productive priorities of the 
territory.” (ART National)
“In the income generation policy there are no rules of the game, everyone does what they want. At some point the 
DNP tried to lay down the rules of the game and later when Acción Social was created, no gentlemen, this 
generation of income was brought by me and they took it away and did nothing. So nobody gives a line in that case, 
and that is why I continue to believe that the line or should be given by the DPS as head of the social sector, although 
the problem with the DPS is that it would be judge and party because it would be giving a line of policy, designing 
policy , doing politics and almost talking about politics and well that’s very complicated. There should be a head for 
politics thought from something a little more macro as president, for example, one of the high councils that has 
responsibility for that.” (Missing source) 
F.6.10 The articulation of income generation 
strategies with other integral reparation actions for 
victims is limited, for instance, there is no systematic 
articulation between compensation and 
entrepreneurial support. Additionally, other 
reparation measures, such as compensation, are not 
used as local economic strategies, despite their 
potential. 
“The lack of coherence between the reparation measures leads to the transforming principle and the internal 
coherence of the LV not being fulfilled.” (Expert-Non-Institutional Actor - Expert)
“Some people attended a lot due to symptoms of depression due to symptoms of anxiety. And that symptom of 
depression made them... It triggered some behaviors such as anger, anger, despair, anguish. And what they mainly said 
is... because it was also related to another factor psychosocial and it is unemployment. So they, many demanded at 
the end that, although it was not within our competence, they said it out of trust, because of the good adherence 
that there was, that, if we heard of an opportunity of a job for them, then they would We were very sincere and very 
aware that we could support him in all matters of psychology, emotional and mental, but it was getting a little out of 
hand, but he was going to have many more tools so as not to limit himself to fear, in the face of depression or 
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anguish and could already, at least design a resume and take it without fear and without fear.” (Quibdó-Institutional 
Actor) 
“You know what I’ve seen, when the compensation is going to be delivered, an official from the Victims’ Unit comes. 
…moment and I feel that at that moment no attention is paid to that, because you go with the intention of looking 
for your money (...) I feel that it should not be at that moment, but that they come with training, a previous 
preparation.” (Local Government)
“There is a colleague who received little compensation, but today he has strengthened it in an Internet room. 
Investment and it is generating, I think, six jobs in that Internet room, imagine.” (Victims’ Table)
 “… I think that what people would say before making projects is that they have the land. Where to grow, yes 
because? Because there can be many projects, but if there is no place to implement them, then unfortunately they 
will not be able to be done.” (Local ART)
F.6.11 The impact of victim’s access to income 
generation programs is unclear. Few impact 
evaluations have been carried out, and most 
programs do not collect follow-up information to 
identify results on income generation or their 
sustainability.
“The programs do not incorporate a robust monitoring scheme that uses input and output instruments to assess the 
effectiveness of the programs in terms of change in household income.” (Non-institutional Actor - Expert)
“One key thing is to strengthen what happens when we are no longer here... at DPS we try to follow up, but it is a 
titanic task, this costs a lot, it is time, it is resources.” (DPS-Income generation expert) 
“In Mi Negocio with IOM we did more monitoring than in the normal route (...) we saw that the results were 
successful, so now in the route of my business, we made this adjustment.” (DPS-Income Generation Expert) 
“One of the great weaknesses of these projects is the issue of follow-up, when one is in the territory the 
communities are motivated, in the formation process, the capitalization is delivered and there it is... that is where the 
follow-up comes in so that what was raised each person who wants to achieve, materializes (...) in subsequent visits 
to capitalization, we found things in the living room, in the room, the other week I started... the issue of facing this 
new thing is difficult, and requires accompaniment, they think that things are not going to work.” (IOM National)
“The follow-up and sustainability of the ventures does not occur because they are short projects of less than 6 
months, which are prepared in two months and executed in 4 and therefore there is no possibility of accompaniment 
in the most strategic moments of the programs. The accompaniment is very expensive.” (Income Generation Expert)
“We have piloted the pay-for-results exercise on employability issues, but in the end what we want is two things: 
one, let’s say the learning remains, which is what I was referring to with the topic of the ecosystem, and it is not only 
to strengthen the actors but the lessons learned, what did we learn, what was useful, what was useful to us, that if 
they provide psychosocial support to people, I don’t know, 40 hours, if it was 40 or better, 60. And could it be that 
WhatsApp support now with the virtuality is what reaches people or is it the text message?” (DPS National Official)
 “That’s what’s difficult, that’s difficult to do that follow-up, it’s expensive and takes time and with so many things to 
do.” (Local Government)
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“I think there is something very against these programs and that is that there have not been any serious evaluations 
of the programs, nobody has wanted to put money into it and the few people who have put money into it, well… 
Once the DNP put money into it and it lost a lot of money because later the programs changed due to the change of 
government and the baseline that had been done was useless. Nobody has really gotten involved to see if this is really 
generating any change or not, or what is the program of which entity that really works. As far as I know, I stayed 3 
years ago there had not been a serious evaluation of programs, much less of politics because it is very expensive, 
because it is very complicated and because nobody knows if they are going to turn out well or not, so nobody wants 
to be evaluated.” (Income Generation Expert)
F.6.12 Weaknesses of program design limit the 
potential impact that accessing income generation 
programs can have on victims. In particular, weak 
diffusion strategies, the low amounts of the 
capitalization and the short time span of the 
programs (and thus of the support).
“The victims do not find out, and there is an information gap that must be closed in some way, and there it is 
necessary to work much more safely with the regional Victims Unit. I think there is a challenge there.” 
(MinCommerce-Income Generation Expert)
“But they never gave themselves the task that when they received that they needed someone to teach them how to 
drive, to give instructions on how to drive, if it is what the association really needs or does not need.” (VISP Pilot 
Organization) 
“The follow-up and sustainability of the ventures does not occur because they are short projects of less than 6 
months, which are prepared in two months and executed in 4 and therefore there is no possibility of accompaniment 
in the most strategic moments of the programs. The accompaniment is very expensive.” (Income Generation Expert)
“Regarding the scale of the programs, it is short in terms of coverage, relative to the RUV eligible population, 
displaced persons who have not overcome the situation of vulnerability and the duration of the interventions is 
short, 1 year. The evidence suggests for these prolonged accompaniment interventions, that is recommended by the 
2013 Income Generation Expert Mission.” (Income Generation Expert)
“An intervention, the accompaniment takes time and I think that is what the national government sometimes does 
not bet on because they have their annuity principles and they need this issue of committing resources and that is 
difficult because with these organizations, let’s say there is a process and it took us almost three years and then we 
followed up to see how things were going.” (IOM National)
“Some were given for the store, others to work in the kitchen and the others well, that of the miscellaneous, well 
the truth, almost everyone stayed there, those who were given the store, they were given to start the little market, 
they gave them some things, but, as they themselves said, if you don’t have enough to go on, the majority sold, others 
ate them at home, others didn’t start any restaurant, nothing, practically everything was left there.”
 “I have seen how they sell everything they are given. So, if there is no training, nothing is going to happen.” (Local 
ART)
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F.6.13 The potential impact and sustainability of 
income generation programs is limited by contextual 
barriers including structural problems to 
commercialize products, the low educational levels of 
victims, barriers to access credit, the weakness of 
rural associativity, and the persisting problems of 
security.
“We have tried to bring our beneficiaries to these spaces, but they do not have the technical capacity, they have the 
product but they do not have the technical requirements, the management... several things that do not give us the 
time or the money to inject the knowledge to support our entrepreneurs , there is an abyss between our support 
and the market, that is why we are seeking to lower those offers so that the other entities realize that there is a 
population that wants to increase, so that they adapt those programs and adjust them to the population that we 
have... we do not they see as a possible population.” (DPS- Income generation expert)
“Factors of security, access, being able to market what is produced, good practices come into play.” (IOM National)
“We have a shortcoming at the moment and that is that with the access roads in the area, marketing has not always 
been as we wanted, we wanted to have direct marketing, without intermediaries, which helps us improve.” (VISP 
Economic Pilot Organization)
“One sees in those municipalities with that mining transition, with that mining culture and with illicit crops and armed 
conflict and victims everywhere that young people are in another story, that local economies are very brief, still very 
little consolidated, where informality and illegality gains a lot of ground, where the conflict is fueled through these 
illegal activities but at the same time there is the opportunity to generate economic alternatives that help with the 
territory, (…) generating 17, 18 jobs, I wish I could generate much more, but that is also the goal, the important 
thing is to generate employment in the territories.” (VISP Economic Pilot Organization)
“The public order situation in the communities and more so in our territories is, I mean, it is something that does 
not allow the communities to carry out their activities in the best way, because they are always aware that, if there is 
a confrontation, that if x or y situation happened. And the other, crops for illicit use. I believe that, for many peasants 
and Afro-indigenous people, call themselves victims, not victims, illicit crops give them more guarantee than what is 
legal. Why? Because the production costs are much higher than what can be produced by one robbery or one ton of 
coca or marijuana. Unfortunately, that is still seen in the territories, and it is what this false economy is managed in 
our municipalities. I mean, I think those are the biggest difficulties we have in these municipalities.” (Local ART)
F.6.14 The public supply of programs to support 
entrepreneurship is larger than to support 
employability. Both options of interventions are 
supplementary, rather than complementary, as a 
victim typically requires different abilities to access 
each, and as employment opportunities are not 
available everywhere, being particularly scarce in 
small and rural municipalities.
“Let’s say that they are two different lines, and they are two lines that in my opinion are mutually exclusive, either 
you go for employability or you go for entrepreneurship, you cannot go for both because you need very different 
skills. Entrepreneurship is obviously the one that should take 70 or 80 percent of the population for a skills issue 
because the skills of this population for employability are low,” (Income Generation Expert)
“We also need the private sector to link up more, especially in Córdoba because if you suddenly realize in cities like 
Bogotá, Medellín, the largest cities, the issue of employment linkage is much broader, here there is little, we lack 
(employments), but there is labor linkage of victims with the private sector, the mixed sector.” (Córdoba￾Institutional Actor) 
 “We really don’t have companies that generate employment. Here we have a mayor’s office, a hospital and I think 
public companies, I think they are the three points of reference in terms of employment.” (Tierralta-Territorial 
Institution) 
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F.6.15 Programs aimed at improving employability 
and the mechanisms through which these programs 
operate, do not have clearly defined access routes 
nor are they sufficiently known by people, especially 
in small municipalities and rural areas. This leads to 
limitations in access to the programs. An example is 
ICETEX’s forgivable credits for higher education and 
SENA’s training offer.
“Give them other options. Suddenly, as she says, there are some who are faced with selling this or this, so offer them 
other options. As there is ignorance, suddenly they don’t know that through SENA they can be trained and do other 
things” (Córdoba-PAPSIVI) 
“There is something as simple as the educational offer. Most of the people from the municipalities, from the villages, 
do not know that ICETEX has a subsidy for them and that this loan is forgivable. So, their children, the majority they 
are left without studying because they do not have the economic capacity to put them in a university. The SENA 
even goes to the places, they do not know that. No, what happens is that I go to the SENA and I took the exam and 
did not pass; but there are courses that allow you to open the way to the Seine. So suddenly it’s not because they 
don’t know, but because they don’t know how the system works.” (Córdoba-PAPSIVI) 
F.6.16 The challenge in terms of employability of 
vulnerable populations, including victims, is to achieve 
effective job placement. This is possible when there is 
a match between what the company requires and the 
profile, needs and expectations of the job seeker in 
order to close the gaps between labor demand and 
supply. To this end, it is important that the labor 
intermediation process includes services for the 
company, the intermediation service provider and 
the job seeker, and that it guarantees quality services 
to the actors involved (profiling, orientation, business 
management) on the part of the providers.
“Then the problem is not being or not being a victim, the problem is knowing how to make the connection between 
the interest of the company and the interest of the job seeker. If you manage to reconcile those interests and that 
the person comes to the company to fulfill with what the company needs, it is perfect, but also obviously that it 
meets the person’s expectations because that is the other issue.” (SPE-National Institutional Actor) 
“First, you put a person who does not have the skills to carry out selection processes, a person who does not know 
how to interview, a person who does not know how to carry out a selection process... Imagine that I send the 
company... a person to the company who does not do their job or who does it poorly. You end up throwing away 
the company’s things, the provider loses credibility, the one who is looking for work loses credibility, and the 
company becomes disenchanted. So here is an issue, it is the issue of trust, and it is how one achieves that there is 
trust from all parties. Trust in the company, trust in the job seeker, in the candidate and trust in the person who 
carries out the intermediation process.” (SPE-National Institutional Actor) 
F.6.17 The availability of strategic information in 
each of the phases of the employment route 
(registration, orientation, capacity building and 
employment management) is crucial to guide their 
actions. To this end, it is important to include topics 
ranging from macroeconomic issues (sector 
performance and economic outlook) to general 
information on training offers, and micro information 
such as the details of each vacancy and the training 
requirements of each job seeker.
“With the company that offers a vacancy, I somehow managed to identify the needs of that vacancy and when I go 
with the victim, who is a job seeker like any other person, but has the status of a victim, I managed to identify the 
gaps that has for aspiration in labor terms.” (SPE- National Institutional Actor) 
“To say something, that the private sector, the mills, which are the ones that we have in the area and that are the 
ones that generate the most employment in the territory, right? Yes, to say something, I don’t know if there isn’t a 
public policy that says: ‘Most of the companies that generate employment for the victim population of the PDET 
municipalities will have an exemption in something,’ so to speak. Yes, that could guarantee that the levels of 
employability for the victims would grow.” (Popayán- ART Territorial Institution)
“And there we have to be very pertinent in that we need, from the point of view of productive projects and job 
creation, to target the new jobs that these conditions that accelerated the pandemic generated and we need, from 
the educational point of view, to provide people with digital skills. If we insist on continuing with the same 
employment generation models of productive projects and education for work, for jobs that are going to disappear 
or have already disappeared but we don’t want to realize it, then we are going to reproduce the conditions of 
poverty and misery of the vulnerable population among these victims.” (National Institutions – Ombudsman)
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F.6.18 The implementation and potential results of 
employment generation programs are complex as 
they depend on contextual factors such as the 
characteristics of local economic activities. In rural 
areas, for example, the characteristics of employment 
are determined by production logics (number of 
harvests per year, type of production, schedules, 
etc.), which do not correspond to current 
understandings and regulations on employment. This 
explains, in part, the lack of support for rural 
employment. 
“I also think that the issue of employability, looking at it as formal employment, always has to be accompanied by the 
context in which one is and let’s say the area where they live or where they are located and what may arise there, 
right?” (Montería - ART Territorial Institution)
“We really don’t have companies that create jobs. Here we have a mayor’s office, a hospital and I think public 
companies, I think they are the three points of reference in terms of employment because the others are informal 
jobs. If you are looking for a clothing store here, month they can pay 500-600 thousand pesos and they have to be 
there all day, from seven in the morning to seven at night.” (Tierralta-Territorial Institution) 
“I think that this is like one of the most complicated sectors, the issue of employment in rural areas, because to begin 
with, it is not very well regulated. I think that from there begins the whole issue of regulation that has been tried to 
do for many, many years. years, and to define itself as that rural labor issue, well, it is not the same as in the cities, 
yes? They work at different times, in different months, you have different cycles and there is no formalization as 
such.” (ART National Institution) 
“Rural employability, how many rural employability projects have there been in the last 10 years? I think none, 
nobody wants to take that hot potato, nobody.” (Expert-National Non-Institution Actor) 
Exhibit 145. Most frequent words of transversal category “Recommendations”, applied to every mention in Q6. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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14. ADDITIONAL QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 7
TABLE 38. QUALITATIVE RESULTS QUESTION 7
FINDINGS QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE
F.7.4 The indicators designed to measure VISP’s support for the implementation of the Final 
Agreement, and in particular the SIP, were met. 
However, different actors considered that there is 
a gap on the articulation between the VL and the 
Peace Agreements. 
“I think there is still a challenge, and it is how to articulate the implementation of the Victims’ Law with the Peace 
Agreements. There is a gap on two issues: on the one hand with the SIP, and specifically with the JEP, around reparation 
measures proposed by the victimizers to the victims; and on the other hand, with the Final Agreement’s victims accord, 
as to collective reparation with a territorial approach. These are points that establish a bridge between the VL and the 
Final Agreement.” (IOM)
“Claro, qué hicieron, en los acuerdos de paz esto tiene que ver con articulación y con integralidad. Los acuerdos de paz 
lo que dijeron es: aquí hay un sistema de verdad, justicia, reparación y no repetición, estos acuerdos van a integrar lo 
que se venía haciendo en materia de reparación a víctimas y de no repetición; Pero como los acuerdos de paz tienen 
una lógica y lo que venía en la Ley 1448 tienen otra, vamos a hacer un proceso de articulación. El punto 5to dice: “hay 
que articular los dos procesos y articular para avanzar, o sea, vamos a integrar más gente a la reparación y vamos a 
fortalecer los procesos de reparación colectiva, reparación territorial, etcétera. Entonces, para eso el punto 5º es claro 
que se tenía que reformar la Ley de Víctimas, no sólo ampliarla, que es una ley de hace ya más de 11 años, es una ley 
que cuando salió no había proceso de paz y es una ley que hoy está, digamos, ya hizo un proceso de 10 años de 
aprendizaje de lo que estaba bien, lo que estaba mal.
Cuando se hizo el proceso de reforma pues simplemente se hizo lo que se podía hacer en ese momento y es amplíela 
otros 10 años para que no nos quedemos sin ley de víctimas, pero la reforma a la Ley de Víctimas que es algo concreto, 
que tiene unos puntos taxativos en el punto 5º, se tenía que haber hecho en el fast track y no se hizo, y no hubo desde 
las mesas de víctimas, perdón, de los espacios institucionales, quien saliera a defender eso que era tan importante, 
porque de una u otra manera hubo un bloqueo institucional muy complejo que eso no le hubiera pasado a las 
organizaciones que están o que en un momento dado manejan cierta independencia y no en los periodos de dos años 
de las mesas, los vínculos con la unidad de víctimas, etcétera.” (Name redacted, Nacional Defensoría del Pueblo)
F.7.5 Institutional (local administration) and non- institutional actors (local officials of the 
implementing partner and victims) who work with 
VISP in the territory have a restricted 
understanding of the SIP, and therefore of the way 
in which the Program has supported the 
INTERVIEWER: “Have you participated in any project or initiative with the Truth Commission, or the SJP, or the Unit 
for the Search for Missing Persons?” 
INTERVIEWEE: “In none of them (...) The accompaniment here on the part of these entities is very little, that has been 
seen but on other sides, for example, I know people who have disappeared relatives and they have not been given any 
solution, that there is more accompaniment, more private, that there are no difficulties of any kind,” (Antioquia-Non- institutional Actor) 
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implementation of such System locally. This is 
explained, in part, because the actions carried out 
by the SIP have greater recognition and impact at 
the national level than at the territorial level.
“The other thing that is a little more indirect is the knowledge of the search unit, we were going through a process of 
looking at the entities, this is what we do, we have these characteristics, what does humanitarian extrajudicial mean and 
it seems that the citizenship was left with the idea that the unit does humanitarian extrajudicial, but many times they do 
not define the extrajudicial humanitarian, so for example now in a project of the unit where we look at what the 
stakeholders think of the unit, and I find that many said that the unit remained in the explanation of the humanitarian 
and extrajudicial, but I said: ‘Well, what do you mean by humanitarian and extrajudicial?’ And they would say to me: 
‘extrajudicial is that it is very judicial,’ not that it is not judicial but very judicial because it is extra, more, judicial, things 
like this that one says: ‘no’ as this is not what we are thinking, this is not. Or for example in the humanitarian, the 
humanitarian is confused with a dignified treatment and it is not that either, it is the whole characteristic of the victims 
in the center of the process, to be concentrated in the search itself and not so much in the crime of forced 
disappearance, or in the crime of kidnapping, but to be concentrated in looking for the people more than that is an 
extra judgment, the fact that the extrajudicial measures more information and the humanitarian the neutrality, the 
impartiality, all that as it contributes to our search.” (UBPD - Coordinator Conocim)
“(...)with all the institutions created with the Peace Accords, the victims were very relieved emotionally and in their 
differential approach that the commission appeared, the Search Unit, all the entities that were derived from this task, 
the Land Unit, everything that is at the service of the victims, and they were relieved that they existed, but there was 
also a very big challenge and that was that the victims knew what each one was for (....)” (Popayán-IOM Implementing 
Partner) 
“The second thing, I think there is a little less participation. For example, of LGTBI people. An important participation 
was achieved. It was a bet of the gender group, quite interesting, but I think it is very new to be able to have access to 
participation and I think that here also because of the short mandate of the Commission. Of course, reports were 
received from LGTBI organizations, several public listening spaces were opened. Now in the Caribbean there will be a 
new recognition of the dignity of the victims. But since it is something so invisible, I think there is still a long way to go.” 
(CEV National Institution -Coordinator of the psychosocial approach)
“Notice that, is that how, I could not establish a (…) a priority because, then you cannot understand it separately 
victims’ law, this way assistance and this way attention and this way reparation, I don’t see it that way. But undoubtedly, 
it should focus on attending Popayán... and the PDET municipalities. This is a discussion we have had and it is that 
Popayán is not... a PDET municipality and it is... it seems to me that it is a, it is... the representation of a look that, of a 
look from the center that does not understand the realities of the peripheries, no, Popayán with so little budget, with 
so much institutional weakness, but that receives so many victims does not have a focused support from the state.” 
(Popayán -Mayor’s Office Territorial Institution)
“And finally, I believe that, in terms of participation, which I think the PDETs did a very important job there, we need to 
make a more rural penetration because participation, today, remains very much in the urban centers. So, we have to do 
some exercises to link rural populations to participation, and the PDETs, in the dialogues, demonstrated the power of 
working in the rural areas.” (National IOM VISP) 
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F.7.6 There is no clarity on the part of the key 
informants about whether VISP managed to 
support the articulation between the institutions 
that constitute the SIP, or between the SIP and the 
SNARIV. This is a key aspect for the 
harmonization of actions between both systems.
“Well, I think that the first challenge they have to solve is to understand that the integral system is not only the three 
entities. There are other state entities that are part of this integral system. So, even we ourselves, a little bit, fall into 
the error of thinking that there are three entities that make up the integral system for peace, because there are others 
that have to do with non-repetition, with reparation, with non-repetition. Then, SNARIV is a supremely key element in 
this articulation with the integral system and I believe that it is not so easy. So, the first challenge, for me, is that to be 
able to generate (...) understanding and articulation, that everyone is part of it and that everyone must contribute to the 
fulfillment of this peace agreement. It is not only the SNARIV as part of the victims’ public policy, but they are also part 
of this system to be able to comply with the peace agreements. I believe that this is the first challenge and, along these 
lines, to be able to generate joint actions, for example, in the territory, and from the other side, the victims see... I do 
not know if today, but, at the beginning... No, I believe that today, there is still a lot of ignorance about the scope of 
what each one of the entities does. That is to say, although we have managed to facilitate spaces for victims to 
participate in these access mechanisms that the entities have, there are many victims who do not know what the JEP is 
for, what the Commission is for, what the Search Unit is for; and they get very confused when they arrive in the 
territory. So, for example, the Truth Commission arrived in the territory and at once they confused it with the Victims 
Unit. So, I believe that this arrival in the field, this arrival at the local level, should be more articulated between the 
SNARIV and the integral system. I believe that this is a need that continues to be imperative in the work and in the 
relationship with the victims. I would name those two.” (National IOM Integral Peace System)
“(...) the great challenge of being able to reach the territories as a system. There are links for each of the entities, but 
there is no articulation as a system. According to the mandate of each one and the judicial nature of one and the 
extrajudicial nature of the other two, I feel that there is a limitation and that, by decree, it is in the communication, but
there are things that can be promoted to do jointly, for example, the search for missing persons. Although it is in the 
hands of the Unit, the SJP also contributes a lot with information for the location, for the location of those persons 
reported missing and I feel that there is some internal resistance to be able to do things jointly. So, I don’t know if you 
remember the very visible case that happened in Dabeiba, that the SJP arrived alone, the SJP arrived alone to recover 
bodies as part of its legal mandate, but the Unit mentions ‘this is not your work, it is my work within the extrajudicial 
nature,’ but the SJP says ‘no, within the investigation we found this and it led us to the location of people who were 
missing and we found them.’ So, I feel that there, suddenly, there is an issue of egos, of saying who achieves what, but 
there is a lack of articulation. Both could have arrived, both could have arrived, the Unit and the SJP (…) joint things, 
perfectly. But the Unit says ‘No, you don’t have to get involved because of your judicial nature.’ So, I do feel that there 
is there as an issue of egos. That’s my personal opinion.” (National IOM SIP)
“…and how complicated it is to assume these processes. On several occasions I identified that unfortunately there is 
no articulation between spaces. Colombia works with systems, our Colombian state works with systems, the health 
system, the education system, etc. But there is no communication between those systems, what is it that makes us and 
those of us who exercise certain leaderships? Well, one becomes like an octopus because one has to repeat actions, 
one has to double actions because as one does not communicate with the other, what is done here, has to be done 
again here. If we transfer this to peace and human rights issues, the same thing happens (...)” (Pasto Municipal Victims’ 
Table) 
“…but the problem that we have always had, that obstacle is that when this entity of the search unit comes, is that they 
never articulate almost with the municipal tables or even with the departmental table which is where there are all the 
representatives mostly from the municipalities, then there has always been that barrier that they only work with the 
associations but at the departmental level, associations and the others are, I forget.... When we were at the 
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departmental roundtable, we discussed the issue that they never invited the representatives of the roundtables and we 
had to take into account that within the roundtables there are two people who are representing forced disappearance, 
so they should not only stick to the associations at the departmental level. We always said that they did not take into 
account the two delegates of the municipal roundtables, not even the two delegates of the departmental roundtable, so 
that they could articulate, look, for example, now that we were in Bogotá, a little bird told me, hey (detail removed) 
there are some things in La Unión, so I said yes, when they were there I told them, this and this is happening in La 
Unión.” (Montañita Victims’ Table Coordinator)
“I think that starting from there, first that the system was given an easy name to define it, Integral System of Truth, 
Justice, Reparation in the integral peace system, we have to make it territorial, that is, we made a bet with the three of 
them so that last year it was a very good challenge and we closed with father (detail removed), given the eminent arrival 
and closing of the truth commission, then we wanted to look and we did some exercises for almost 1 year around that, 
so that the three entities would start to see themselves as such arranged in the territory (…) then how to integrate 
them as a system, a system as it is proposed, there is an enormous challenge and I believe that there are great 
possibilities to work with the system because the communities recognize it, that is, when you say let’s go with the 
search unit or let’s go with the SJP, or let’s go with the Truth Commission, the community is full of hope, there is a big 
focus to work on, there is a focus that the pandemic has left us and that has left us in conflict and the work that is the 
mental health issue, that is, the mental health issue, the psychosocial component is strong, although the PAPSIVI was 
born as a possibility to work on mental health issues and the whole issue of healing and reparation to the victims from 
the health or from the human being, I believe that the PAPSIVI fell short.” (Montería-IOM Coordinator)
“I think there is a very strong line that if one were to say that one would have to support it, it is what I said, to 
articulate and harmonize the 2 systems, because it happens to us that we have the Victims’ Law on the one hand, and 
the implementation on the other, and the peace agreement, and there are many mistakes that can be made, or there 
are many successes that one would have to review, so how to transfer that experience of the implementation of the 
Victims Law to the peace agreement, what cooperation has worked and in this case what IOM has worked, I think that 
would be an important point to work on.” (National DNP) 
F.7.7 VISP managed to adapt to support the 
implementation of the Final Agreement in the 
territory by means of the focalization of 
institutional strengthening actions for the 
comprehensive assistance and reparation of victims 
at the PDET municipalities, especially in those 
where there were ETCRs.
“There is a very interesting issue that we have established in the national government and it is the articulation with the 
Ministry for Stabilization, which has assumed the role of leadership in the framework of compliance with the 
agreements of peace, however, I believe that there is a very important issue and that is how the institutional framework 
has been articulated around the PDET and the IOM program has helped us not only methodologically find that way of 
doing it but also operationally, for example the last year’s project where we implemented measures that are PDET, 
measures that are in the collective reparation plans, the return plans, so I think that the program not only as yes, there 
is the political commitment, the stabilization council gives us guidelines but the program has also helped us to 
implement these actions and I think that is an important added value.” (National UARIV Coordinator for Interational 
Cooperation) 
F.7.8 Some of the processes and projects related 
to VISP’s lines of support for the implementation 
of the Final Agreement could not unfold their full 
potential due to lack of time or human resources, 
especially in the case of JEP.
“Another weakness is time, we did not manage to see everything we wanted to, although the contract was fulfilled, we 
did not manage, for example.... we did not reach the design of the conflict and feedback systems and a minimum 
implementation, but we had to continue to give it internally and the contract was over and we could not renew it and 
so on, that is, we reached a good point, but it is already in the unit to follow up on this and that is almost like cutting 
short a process or a process that was going at a certain speed and suddenly it goes to slow motion, that is a weakness 
of the process.” (National UBPD Coordinator)
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“When you do those processes like communication for peace, the entity, and this happens in all of them because I have 
seen it, tends to depend a little bit on the contract, so instead of taking the elements to say: ‘no, ready then here we 
are going to make a restorative circle with the people,’ well the people who used to do it and the experts are no longer 
there, but they do not feel like they have the strength in the knowledge they acquired to make a restorative circle and 
since they do not feel with that strength then it is like ‘we cannot do it anymore because they are gone,’ when a month 
before they were asking for 10 restorative circles, do you see? But that is a lack of confidence and this, because the 
learning process cannot take place in the 8 months of the contract, it is a much longer process and with the issues of 
the contract one cannot, so again it is like putting in, slowing down a car that is going at a more or less good speed and 
then suddenly, bam! We are going to slow down and we are going to see how we do this, there are some people 
trained because if they do a restorative circle it implies a little more expertise, so there are things that cannot be done 
or that cannot be taken, but the idea was to leave a learning experience and something remained and the idea is that 
we are going to continue with it.” (National UBPD Coordinator)
“That is on the one hand, the other is internal management, internal management, we have small teams facing a huge 
problem, the unit has 520 people, of those 520 people we are in 17 regions with 6 satellites, that is not enough and in 
each team we are talking about 3, 4 people and even if we implement massive methodologies that lead us to search for 
many people, in any case the 120,000 I think we will not find them in the 15 years that the unit has left. So it is a very 
strong management challenge that no matter how much we apply methodologies and everything, it is going to be 
important to leave this behind, the country does not have the capacity to identify these people, this is another 
problem.” (National UBPD Coordinator)
“With the Special Jurisdiction for Peace there is a constant need to have teams of people, people who can help in the 
analysis, systematization, contrasting of voluntary versions, construction of proposals, which now comes the whole 
issue of proposals for their own sanction in the cases that are more advanced, in the psychosocial accompaniment of 
the victims in these hearings, which are quite complex for them. So, this need is still very latent. In other words, I go 
back to Sweden, we had the opportunity, we have the opportunity to work with Sweden since 2019 and that has always 
been the need, to have human teams to provide technical assistance. And I believe that it will continue to be, that is, the 
SJP has a broader mandate, longer than 15 years, so it will continue to happen. I believe that this is one of the needs 
that they have not been able and will not be able to cover with their own resources. 
They manage a staff of almost 1,000 employees and they still need more people. That is, I think, the most latent need 
and it will continue to happen in the coming years.” (National IOM Integralpace System)
F.7.9 Within the framework of the Final 
Agreement, and in spite VISP facilitated the 
participation of victims in both the development of 
the PDETS and before the CEV (presentation of 
reports by Participation Roundtables and 
testimonies of victims abroad), the effectiveness of 
such participation has been affected by external 
factors (for example, problems in the 
consolidation of the peace seats and the persistent 
situation of insecurity in the territories).
“Because we have seen very judiciously in these last days the events that have been elaborated, the last one was the 
(…) where there they presented 6 reports for the SJP, a magistrate came, as a complement to the macro case of 
Chocó, number 4. That has been very important for us because IOM has not lagged behind in supporting the peace 
process. That for us is an added value that we are very grateful for because it not only serves the victims, but also the 
organizational and grassroots processes here in the department.” ( Montañita-Victims’ Board Coordinator)
“We have just gone through an election process, the seats for peace. One of the greatest challenges facing not only 
Chocó but Colombia is to find a way to ensure that these spaces are not permeated by traditional politicking. There 
was a complaint from the victims’ participation table in Chocó that people who were not victims were running for 
office and the person they denounced actually won”. (Quibdó-Ombudsman’s Office)
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“With those seats I was so discouraged because we had a candidate and here there was a lot of pedagogy, although we 
could not participate directly, but we did participate indirectly in that election and she did not make it. I think that the 
National Government did not comply with the special seats for Peace (...) the allocation of resources so that the 
leaders could visit the territories was not done on time. I think it was essential that the National Government and the 
Registrar’s Office had deposited the resources to the representatives who were going to participate”. (Missing source) 
“No, the candidate was (name redacted), but the committee endorsed him and as we know, we know about the 
process, then we believed that from there we could do what we have done for Bojayá, to be able to do it in the whole 
department, in the 14 PDET municipalities. 12 in Chocó and 2 in Antioquia. But we did not succeed because corruption 
is from above. The requirements that were implemented were not fulfilled, they could not have that with traditional 
politics, they would have to be in the Unique Registry of Victims and they could not have money from organizational 
processes.
But everything changed when (name redacted), he is not part of any community council and he begins to aspire. He says 
he is going to aspire. He came from Bogotá to Quibdó because he is a lawyer, a group of lawyers from (name redacted) 
and he is part of that group of lawyers. He is in charge of processes with some of the victims here. The processes that 
he carries out, he charges the victims 40 percent, which is unheard of and he charges them 40 percent and then what 
he does is not a victim and as it was a requirement, in 20 days he is recognized as a victim and my daughter has not 
been recognized in 20 years and he has been recognized in 20 days. Because my daughter does not appear in the 
database as a victim and in 20 days he makes his statement and is recognized as a victim. And, what’s more, he is not 
part of any community council and a community council gives him the endorsement.
That is corruption. Since he has the same money from the victims, he bought that community council to endorse him in 
their council. So, in that way, another thing that he did skillfully is that he is a native of San Juan, that not many people 
know him because he has not lived in San Juan. That in the Atrato there are bocachico, but not in the San Juan. Those 
are fish from the Atrato. As it was a very easy fish to identify that logo, we identified ourselves with the wolf of the 
committee and the little dove of peace and he put a bocachico. Then he gave a lot of money to get votes. Then to the 
people who gave them their money when they said they were going to vote for the one for the victims, the indigenous 
people said: ‘We are going to vote for the one for the victims. For (name redacted). So, I would tell them: ‘He is the one 
with the bocachico.’ So they voted for that man and in that way the Lord took the camera away from us, but he did not 
take it away because the government allowed it, because the unit for the victims allowed it. I don’t know which official 
was responsible, but the unit, because a community council allowed it and because the money taken from the victims 
allowed it. And we believe that they will end up with an empty chair.” (Bojaya-PAPSIVI Promotors) 
“Another challenge, (...) regarding the peace circumscriptions, I believe that the movements that articulated among 
themselves to win the circumscriptions must be articulated, so that they are not distanced from the participation tables, 
so that they are not distanced from the needs of the victims, I believe that there is a challenge of how to articulate this 
scenario in the congress, with their territories and with their needs, from the participation of the victims.” (Medellín￾IOM Regional Implementing Partner)
“But we as victims in that implementation, for example, (detail removed), I do not know the people who won seats, they 
did not come from the leadership, most of them are not from the roundtables, they are not those clear leaders that 
one knows that they have been working with organizations, that have been working from the roundtables. In other 
words, the roundtables lost on the issue of peace seats, we lost, we would say so.” (National Victims’ Table) 
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F.7.10 In the context of VISP adaptation process 
to support the Final Agreement, the Program 
developed actions aimed at guaranteeing the 
exercise of the defense of human rights in the 
territory. However, it did not have a clear and 
differentiated strategy to protect human rights 
defenders, given the security problems they face 
locally.
“I believe that we must continue working, seeking institutional strengthening for the accompaniment and guarantee of 
the victims. I am not going to say that the department of Chocó is a poor department and that nothing reaches it, we 
know that it is a discourse that… we lack more guarantees, it is not that they give us away but that according to our 
rights we are given more dignified conditions. We also need to work on strengthening the institutional response for the 
victims. The guarantee for them to be able to be… in the issue of protection of leaders, the system is slow to respond 
to a threat. For example, the territorial entities say: ‘I do not have the resources to remove a victim,’ generally when a 
leader, a leader of victims or of any human rights defender is threatened, the risk is for him and his family, so 
sometimes we manage to get the resources to remove the person, but he stays in the territory with his wife, his 
children, his mother, his father exposed. And that does not let him be calm and generally they return to the territory to 
be killed because there are no such guarantees.” (Quibdó- Defensoria Department) 
“The IOM has given us training to organizations and social leaders to improve participation with protection measures 
because we leaders have threats, and they articulate with the authorities to address these issues.” (Victims’ Table)
“Let’s say that the challenge is great, the challenge is great and difficult especially as I commented in the context of a 
territory that continues with the active conflict, then the conditions and what has been done, the impact would be 
measured differently if the whole issue of transitional justice, if there was no conflict, simply (…) see results is when 
there is no conflict, when that phrase of the armed conflict is already overcome, but today we are still in the middle of 
the conflict, then I think there is a big challenge, a big challenge in the issue of rights guarantees, the fundamental right
to life for leaders is a determining factor in our territories. That is to say, starting from this that efforts have to be made 
to guarantee the right to life of these leaders, being exposed, victims of displacement for more than 20 years in Quibdó 
who are currently being victims of intra-urban displacement due to the conflict that exists, then there are great 
challenges in this process of implementation of the measures and to really be able to reach a stable and lasting peace.” 
(Quibdó-IOM Implementing Partner)
“We still have not made much progress in this regard and I think there are many issues to be addressed. We believe 
that within this comprehensive peace system we also have to point to the guarantees of non-repetition because they, 
the population says and we as human rights defenders also propose that this is like a decoration, guarantees of non￾repetition, but really the guarantees of non-repetition are not given because we are, the population is being re￾victimized and victimized even more. On the Pacific coast we have impressive massive displacements. So, Nariño is a 
department that really requires this type of assistance, and not only Pasto, but other municipalities, for example, the 
coast, the mountain range, so they are territories that need that kind of accompaniment. And we have a lot to do, we in 
this issue of Integrated Peace System I think we have reached, I would say, like 1 percent if anything, we are short.” 
(Pasto- Municipal Personnel)
F.7.11 VISP supported the UBPD and the CEV in 
the design and implementation of actions to 
improve the organizational culture, among which 
emotional care practices for national officials and 
territorial teams stand out.
“In fact, the search process is quite painful, where the servers of the unit are exposed to very difficult processes, to see 
the permanent pain, to cry with the victims and others so that they also have a rationing problem inside of the unit, 
then if these things add up or accumulate, or if the unit does not take them, with issues of self-care, if the unit does not 
take into account all these things that come out of the culture and does not provide tools such as communication non- violent to manage these problems that are easier to manage, because we are going to have a negative impact on the 
search work.” (UBPD)
“IOM supported a more strategic theme of characterizing the culture here in the unit (...) that is, the program had 
several phases, a training program with the bases of non-violent communication and with the formation of a program of 
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trainers, what was our objective? that knowledge and that way of interacting remain imprinted in the DNA of the unit. 
So that on the one hand, on the other hand it was the establishment of a conflict mediation system from the 
perspective of non-violent communication and relationship and a feedback system also from that perspective.” (UBPD)
“We were also involved in the entire construction of a care tools booklet for the equipment, which coincided with the 
pandemic so, well, we are still there, as in that distribution, but it was much easier that it was virtual and that helped in
times of that of the pandemic (...) That is therefore a fairly good indicator when you start by positioning the issue of 
caring for equipment.” (CEV)
“They supported us operationally; they made viable what we proposed to take care of the people. And that is already 
very important, because in other places ‘But what do you need that for?’ ‘And what do you want candles for?’ Well, 
whatever it was, flowers or the little detail, I don’t... I know things of a symbolic nature… who realize that the other 
matters to us.” (CEV)
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Exhibit 146. Percentage of mentions on VISP’s support to Peace Accord Institutions vs. Transversal categories.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
RADAR DIAGRAM
Exhibit 147. Transversal categories vs. Actor type in all mentions for Q7. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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15. ADDITIONAL QUALITATIVE RESULTS – QUESTION 8
TABLE 39. QUALITATIVE RESULTS QUESTION 8
FINDINGS QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE
F.8.1 VISP committed to 
systematically articulating with the 
lines of work and particular needs of 
the Colombian institution, both at 
the national and local levels. This 
required a constant dialogue with the 
entities that enabled the program to 
understand the action plans of each 
of them, as well as its internal ways 
of functioning, so that VISP actions 
could be considered useful and an 
important contribution to the 
institutions’ result framework. 
Nonetheless, this strict articulation 
sometimes can also limit VISP’s work 
and results, as it depends on 
institutional will to incorporate the 
cooperation support. 
“It is important to know what the objectives of each program or each institution are, to know what their work plans are, or what 
their actions are for each year. This is essential to do, because in many lines of the institutional strengthening program it is also 
possible to contribute to those lines of work of each institution. We know that some institutions are very diligent and put out their 
annual work plan. Even some referents sit with us and share with us those lines of work they have for the year. This is how one 
looks for the strengthening project to go along the line and that it can contribute to the lines of work that they have.” (Caquetá 
IOM)
“Sure, I’m not saying it’s easy. I think it takes time to adjust. Each entity is a world. In other words, relating to the Victims Unit is not 
the same as relating to the Memory Center or to the JEP or to the Search Unit. Each entity has an organizational culture that is 
different, that you have to read and know where. So, there are some that are fast, there are some that manage, there are some that 
are very practical. The relationship always has some complexities, but I think we have managed to overcome very well, what I tell 
you, understand, read the culture, understand the times, their expectations, their forms, their ways, but I think we managed it.” (IOM 
National) 
“And another thing to add is that cooperation reaches the territories and they arrive alone. They do their job on their own. With 
USAID we feel that when you go to work there is prior coordination with the territory, with the Victims Unit and we are always 
pursuing spaces, one goes as a group, as a team in Worktables. Because there are other cooperation organizations that suddenly 
arrive in the territory and one does not know what they are doing or they work totally disjointed.” (Córdoba UARIV)
“I think that, for example, has also been a characteristic that IOM has always maintained. In its relationship it always includes the 
territorial entities, it has always worked hand in hand with the territorial entity and also strengthening that process of their 
relationship with the leaders and with the fulfillment of the agreement and all that subject of victims that they have been 
implementing. So I think they have always kept that respect for maintaining the relationship with the territorial entity and for it to be 
included in the process.” (Córdoba ART) 
“Sometimes the issue of handling the competences of the entities is complex, it is complex because some entities are susceptible 
when they feel that another entity is entering their territory, but it turns out that the policy is sometimes not so clear as to how far 
your competencies and where mine begin. I think cooperation work is very important to be able to generate spaces and be able to 
coordinate those efforts. Sometimes, the entities do not speak even when they are in the territories. One office is next to the other 
and they don’t speak. So, generating these coordination spaces is essential.” (IOM National)
“There is an issue of roles here, of being cooperation, but sometimes I also feel that there is a lot of complaisance with the entities. 
So sometimes it’s frustrating. It is not just a money issue, you are putting your head, heart, you are putting everything you have into 
it to generate processes with some institutions and then sometimes the institution does not respond in the same way. And I feel that 
because of the diplomacy that must be had, then we become condescending. I couldn’t tell you exactly what to do about this. Nor 
am I saying that diplomacy is just any element, I understand the role we have, but I do feel that sometimes there is that feeling of 
impotence, of wanting to be a little more honest from a technical point of view, like: ‘I don’t agree, I don’t think so, you are making 
us waste money and time.’” (IOM National)
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F.8.2 VISP’S articulation with the 
Public Ministry was particularly 
important for the implementation of 
the program, since the strengthening 
of its work allowed it to carry out a 
better monitoring of the 
implementation of the policy, 
providing guarantees for the 
participation of victims and 
establishing conditions to dignify the 
attention provided to them.
“I believe that the Attorney General’s Office, well, the... control bodies, but mainly the Attorney General’s Office, which has an 
important role of... control and monitoring, on the one hand, which gave it not only the law, but also the final agreement. But, on the 
other hand, it also has its innate role in working with representatives, as the Public Ministry and as a guarantor of rights in the 
territory. I think… they were an important actor. I understand that in some lines they were also supported by VISP, but I think that 
in that role, above all in intervention in the territory, as guarantor of rights at the territorial level, from the taking of statements by… 
the Ombudspersons. Receiving the statements of the victims, but also to provide support within the framework of the transitional 
justice committees, to verify, to oversee the framework of competencies of the entities as a whole, not only of the territorial ones 
but of all of them. I think he... played and... an important role. Also, in the evaluations that it presents annually both in the framework 
of competencies in the implementation of the ... public policy for victims, and in the follow-up to the final agreement. I believe that 
the Attorney General’s Office has been an important actor within this entire process of scaffolding, implementation and monitoring 
of the framework of public policies and the... implementation of the actions of the final agreement.” (VU National)
“Although the Public Ministry is not part of the territorial entity per say, it is a very important actor in politics in the territories. It 
has been fundamental, and we also discovered this in the early phases of the model, supporting the Ombudsperson, for example, in 
having adequate spaces to be able to serve the population; in having technological instruments and furniture that would allow it to 
serve the population with dignity; and also, articulate their work. In some cases, it is very, very articulated, but in other cases, it is 
not so much and in that, I believe that we collaborate efficiently in the articulation of the work that the Ombudsperson does, in 
strengthening its work, in recognizing the work they do. I believe that, from there, as if everything was born, to recognize that the 
Public Ministry fulfills an important function within public policy, not only at the territorial level, but also at the national level and that, 
as important, we can take it into account, not only in the construction of the diagnosis, but also in the construction of the lines and 
strategies that we are going to implement in each territorial entity.” (IOM National)
“We are there, in all spaces because through all the training we have had, one says: ‘Who goes hand in hand with one? well, the IAS.’ 
At least with the IAS something is done. There is when one achieves at least a little progress or at least one who takes a breath so 
that things can be done.” (Ethnic Authorities)
“So that’s why they started linking up as they saw us in the transitional justice committees with something new. So, we have to talk 
to the Attorney General’s Office, we have to talk to the ías, linking them up so that they also integrate here into this space of us, of 
the victims. So that’s why there was also a lot of talk that before we declared we had to go through a psychosocial process. Yes, the 
victims had to be prepared because we could not allow that, in a space… For example, here there is an Ombudsman, there is one 
from the Personería, there is one from over there from the UAU. So, what (detail removed) came and declared, they listened to her 
and that was something that there was no respect for. So that’s why it was said that we should prepare beforehand. In addition to 
that those sites also had to be suitable.” (Popayán Victims’ Roundtable)
“On many occasions, this exercise transcends other agencies, it transcends to other entities such as the Public Ministry, which (detail 
removed)… The personería, above all, in Nariño, that was something that was seen a lot, that our exercise ended here and continued 
with the personería. We take it and we both get, not only economic savings, but in time and effort.” (IOM National)
F.8.3 The program found in the VU 
an ally of special relevance for the 
strengthening of public policy for 
“Our main institution has been the Victims Unit, because it is like the governing institution in charge of the technical part of the 
implementation of the law, so for that, for us, the entire team of the Unit has been key, and in fact, more than trying to have a good 
relationship with them is like doing a good job.” (Caquetá IOM) 
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victims in Colombia. The foregoing, 
recognizing that this institution is in 
charge of coordinating the entities of 
the national government for the 
implementation of the VL and, also, 
articulates its institutional offer for 
territorial entities. 
“Yes, the Unit for Victims is very important, as coordinator of the system, I think it was our natural partner all along, because the 
main task of materializing (the policy) in the territories is anchored there (Cauca IOM) 
“That planning that is done, those planning instruments that are made -which the Victims Unit requires- and corresponding studies 
that we as a territorial entity also carry out. If we as a territorial entity comply with the studies, with the plans, with the whole issue 
of the implementation of that Law, then we will have more possibilities than from the national government, through the Victims Unit 
and from the other institutions and Ministries. and International Cooperation and from the Government and from the same 
municipality we can directly or transversally be able to meet the needs of the victims.” (Montañita- Mayor’s Office)
“The UARIV is the institution that makes a very strong presence, of visits in the territory and all the subject of victims, as
corresponds to them. They are always constantly visiting the municipality, with all the projects they are carrying out, especially 
individual administrative repairs, the issue of humanitarian aid, the issue of the individual who is returning and relocating, the latent 
threats that exist in the territory. They are also made within the framework of the transitional justice committee, the UARIV also 
attends, it is responsible for that issue.” (Vigía del Fuerte IOM) 
“In an articulated way. For example, we with the Victims Unit carry out many joint meetings, of mutual support where, if they are 
going to carry out a route -obviously that comes from the national level- they invite us to see which of the suggestions we can make 
regarding the care provided in the victim care center.” (Córdoba Ombudsman).
F.8.4 VISP managed to position itself 
as a fundamental ally for the victim 
population. The strengthening and 
support provided empowered this 
population in dialogue and 
participation scenarios, and also 
promoted the multiplication of their 
organizational capacities. However, 
different key stakeholders consider 
that a future program should place 
greater emphasis on the direct work 
with victims’ organizations. 
“In the psychosocial aspect it helped us to overcome many barriers that we, due to the conditions of victims or the effects of the 
conflict, were not capable of influencing. They gave us some tools, they gave us strategies and with those tools and strategies we 
were able to develop our advocacy as leaders, intervening in transitional justice committees, intervening at the departmental or 
regional levels. Because here we were also doing processes with other people from other tables and other departments, and then 
that also helped us grow as people.” (Popayán Victims’ Roundtable)
“And thanks to the support of USAID and IOM, we managed to make people aware that such a thing could have come about thanks 
to the struggle of the collectives, and that was through the communication process that we carried out. As a national table, we 
already make our own pronouncements without the need to tell the Unit ‘write such a thing for me.’ No, we ourselves already make 
our communications to public opinion, totally independent and nobody can tell us anything. For example, yesterday we spoke about 
what happened in Putumayo, and who is going to say no? Previously yes, previously the Unit was scandalized and made a show, 
because everything had to be first through them. Not now, thanks to the empowerment they gave us, because we are no longer 
afraid, we do not feel that we have to ask everyone for permission to publish anything and we feel capable of being autonomous.”
(Victims’ National Roundtable)
“Members of this group learn things and share them on the same level with each other, peer learning. So, they share and meet every 
time. We have supported several of these meetings and, depending on the theme that they are going to develop, we accompany 
them with technical work to reinforce a particular issue; we bring allies, partners, the Javeriana, the friends of Resuena, the friends of 
Valle, well, things to strengthen issues that they require. It makes me think that the challenges that come for these 10 years that 
come from the Law require political subjects, who understand this in a slightly different way, who understand that it may be the last 
chance to materialize the integral reparation processes for the victims.” (Popayán IOM) 
“I think that something that could work a little more, and not because it hasn’t happened in the program, … it is to continue the 
work of strengthening organizations as well. Make this deployment that has been done from the technical and from the operational 
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with the institutions and, in that same sense, should work with organizations and communities. Because I feel that, if you strengthen 
an institution, but you do not strengthen its interlocutor, it is not that you are generating such an important impact because for 
something to work, you need both, both the interlocutor and the receiver, to be strengthened and horizontally they are talking 
about what same and in the same terms.” (IOM National)
“Through the organizations you have the opportunity to spread information, to support grassroots organizations. Let’s say that the 
Unit has never been closely linked with them specifically, and I believe that this is the basis of the intervention. And of course it was 
necessary, for the next time it is necessary to equate the loads. It is not that the organizations have not had support, that the victims, 
the tables, have not had support, they did. But if one were to do the victims program again, today … we would have had to do the 2 
processes from the beginning so that they would walk together, and we would strengthen them together. That is my opinion, of 
course, they will always tell you ‘it is an institutional strengthening program because we are no longer doing direct care.’ It is seen 
that we needed to do it parallel. Obviously, there were many other agencies and institutions that did it, but for one to have the 
integrality of the intervention, one should have considered it.” (Antioquia IOM) 
“I think that there is also a great need, I don’t know if it exists or if it is done, but also not only a program through the institutions 
that strengthens the victims, but also strengthens the groups of victims, the organizations. That the dialogue is only done with the 
governments, but also that they understand that there are also groups and organizations of victims. Throughout the country there 
are many organizations or there are many victims trying to organize themselves to work for their populations and we have left them 
aside. So, I think it is also important that those organizations and groups be strengthened from the victim assistance program.” 
(Victims’ National Roundtable)
F.8.5 VISP managed to establish 
strategic alliances with other USAID 
programs, as well as with other 
cooperation agencies in order to 
strengthen program’s interventions, 
working together to have greater 
scope, and avoiding the duplication of 
actions. 
“I don’t know if you know that currently for a year or more than a year, 2 years, one of the emphases that USAID is making a lot 
with the operators and with the different programs or activities, as they call it, is the Regional Integration Strategy. So, there is a 
super strong emphasis on coordinating with other programs in the area, making synergies with them, which seems wonderful to me. 
I am going to give you an example, both with victims and with the new program that we are implementing now called Weaving Lives 
and Hope, perhaps one of the first things we did was hold meetings with the programs that were in the areas where we were to tell 
each other What am I going to do and what are you doing in the area, to look for meeting points. Finding meeting points is not so 
easy.” (IOM National)
“We call that team the LCT Local Cooperation Team. The fundamental thing about these meetings is to know who, from our own 
family -because we cooperation treat each other as if we were family-, do what and where. It is something fundamental and this same 
work is also done with the institutions, because the work we do is with the institutions, hand in hand with them. So, initially, through 
this space we make ourselves known who we are, what we do and who we do it with, right? in the first place not to duplicate 
actions.” (Caquetá IOM) 
“There is something very important and that is that an international cooperation group was created at the national level and they 
maintain an excellent relationship not only...there is a relationship between the unit, the Colombian State and the cooperation 
agencies. So let’s say, that relationship from the national level transmits a very good energy to the territories about what they are 
doing with the cooperation. So, one is never predisposed because one is always on the contrary, he says: Well, the Cooperation 
Agency came and it came, it went to strengthen us, support us, accompany us and we see it as something very good, supremely 
positive.” (VU Caquetá)
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“IRD invited us to a very cool process that we later continued. They invited officials and leaders in a coaching process to generate 
management skills. It was great because it meant taking on important mobilizers in the secretariats and in the victims’ organizations 
and giving them particular training on many issues that would improve their managerial capacity. And that is about observation, about 
recognizing what methods I have used, what are my personality traits that connect with yours, I have empathy or definitely not, what 
am I after. And that exercise that IRD invited us to was so cool, so powerful that later we got involved, we invited them to do more 
of this in the other municipalities and at that time they couldn’t. And then they invited us, but we participated accompanying what we 
could do as technical assistance, that is, sometimes without having to apply resources but as technical assistance, given that we had 
already gone through that exercise with them. So, I believe that we did not have a competitive work but rather a complementary 
one.” (Cauca IOM) 
“With other agencies as well. We also articulated, for example, with UNwomen, because we, in this issue of women leaders, in the 
issue of protection, UNwomen was supporting Putumayo, we, Montes de María, and we made several exchanges because they were 
autonomous processes. And here, in Putumayo, there were some problems among the women, so we managed to get them to have 
an exchange on how they handled the Montes de María table, so that they could learn and so, with UNwomen, on women’s issues, 
we articulated very much. With the UNDP we also had an articulation already with a project that we had with the MPTF for the 
strengthening of the territorial deployment of the system for peace. With who else? Especially those two.” (IOM National)
“Yesterday I was in the first meeting with Swiss Cooperation, there was a member who is in this process and he mentioned about
this rehabilitation house, no, about rehabilitation, they were even talking about it, I talked to them about seeing how it is working 
with other cooperators to help strengthen what is already there. So this month we are holding some meetings to, as it is said, gained 
knowledge of what is progressing with United Nations agencies, then... or with other cooperation agencies. What (detail removed) 
says is that, that this has been one of the fundamental reasons and here from cooperation, look at how they can be articulated with 
other cooperation actors to strengthen what already exists, then it seems to me that it is a good action, because there they go to get 
these actors, but it must be strengthened. You know that we always satisfy a need and another appears, another and another, but 
from a functional point of view, I find it very interesting and important.” (Cauca Governorate)
F.8.6 Although the interviews little 
mentioned the role of the private 
sector in the framework both of the 
program and of the implementation 
of public policy for victims, various 
actors recognized that private actors 
were relevant in the implementation 
of certain services, including physical 
rehabilitation and employability.
“As I was saying, we start new hires in 2021. Offers of service were made. Some EPS have been liquidated and the liquidation of 
those EPS, these users have practically directed them to other three, to Nueva EPS, to Sanitas and to Coosalud and they have all 
allocated all of their users to the hospital, including the physiotherapy part that we did not have before with the previous ones. This 
has meant that we have more and more users and an influx of them here at the institution.” (Quibdó Hospital) 
“The sustainability of this is given and I think it is the most wonderful thing about this project. And it is because it is already part of 
the services provided through the EPS and that makes it absolutely sustainable. In the oldest centers, I was last week in Anorí, which 
is not that old, it is already totally self-sustaining, because it already sells a significant number of services. Additionally, in many cases 
what it allows is that there are even surpluses and that helps the hospitals where the centers are to do other things in the hospitals, 
which, as we know, a good part of the hospitals in this country are bankrupt, because the system it’s pretty regular. Rather, it is a 
project that is part of the Colombian health system and that is what makes it absolutely sustainable. Being part of the health system 
and EPS services -since there are no EPSs that are exclusively for victims- then obviously there will always be people who are not 
victims who access the services of the centers. Whenever I go to a center... right now we went to Amalfi too, the first and most 
important task, the center is already installed, is to make the contracts with the EPS because if you don’t have contracts with the EPS 
the centers are not sustainable. Obviously, we always do research to find out which EPSs have the most victims and we try to make 
those contracts first, but anyway, if there are other EPSs that can be contracted to sell services, it is also done in such a way that 
they have fewer victims.” (IOM National)
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“We have had cases in which we are working... For example, in Cauca, with a municipality that has some very interesting agricultural 
projects and within the PAT exercise and accompanying the table we realize that there is a group of women victims who are 
coordinated with the mayor’s office to allocate resources for a project, for example, to plant hot peppers or avocado. So, 
automatically, we make that diagnosis, we realize that it exists and within the search, in the mapping of actors that we carry out, we 
find that it exists on the part of the private sector. That happened to us in Antioquia, if I’m not mistaken... Sorry, in Cauca, in Valle 
del Cauca with the Haas avocado and with the hot pepper. So, there was a multinational company that imported avocados into 
Mexico. So, fortunately… In fact, USAID accompanied us there to visit that project. What we did was try to improve that 
agreement, in reaching the agreement for the sale of hot peppers and that. And in Nariño, we had a similar case, but with the Coffee 
Federation. We also had a similar case in Nariño where an indigenous community summed to take care of a nature reservation that 
turned it into a hotel project for ecotourism and scientific tourism. That was done through the strengthening model. So, the short 
answer would be, all the actors that contribute to the socioeconomic development of the area and, among them, can be from NGOs 
and cooperation agencies, such as private.” (National IOM)
“I believe that one of the definitive strategies is how to work directly with private companies on employability or entrepreneurship 
issues. Starting from the needs of…I try to say it, from the needs of the client, that is, in this case the client to generate employment 
is the private company. So how do I create a business ecosystem, let’s say with companies from the department of Nariño, and I tell 
them: ‘well, where are your weaknesses here? Which are? What are your needs in this?’ And the company tells me: ‘Look, my needs 
are this, this.’ With these business needs, I am already going to the victim population and I tell them: ‘you have to be trained in this 
because the only way to have a job at the private company level is based on it.’ Then the training processes are training or technical 
qualification according to the needs of the company. This will facilitate levels of employability of the victim population much more.” 
(Nariño IOM) 
F.8.7 In some particular actions of 
the program, the academia played an 
important role by implementing 
research and also formulating 
strategies for strengthening 
institutional actions related to the 
attention and reparation of victims. 
“Last year we were beneficiaries by IOM of a diploma in intercultural conflict management and territorial peace. That was a diploma 
course that was offered by IOM with resources from USAID and that was given by the Javeriana University in Cali. A very complete 
diploma course on the subject, there were benefited communities of the department, we are 5 also from the Government.”
(Government of Cauca)
“With the universities, on the subject of historical memory, we had substantial support from the University of Antioquia. With the 
psychosocial issue we had strong support from the San Buenaventura University and the CES University. They made some very well￾constructed and important methodologies.” (Antioquia Truth Commission)
“We did it with the support of the University of San Buenaventura, we made a much more robust process, because obviously they 
have all that capacity installed, active and everything, and it was a lot. So, they have been strategic partners for all that training issue, 
for all that issue of methodological constructions, in which we have accompanied very fully, because we have been fully integrated 
into the construction process, but in the implementation, they have been the organizers.” (Antioquia CEV) 
“This institute has been an expert in research topics for many years. We worked with them on an investigation related to the 
recruitment and use of girls and boys in the armed conflict by the FARC. It was work carried out over 10 months, last year, that 
allowed 1,050 interviews to be conducted throughout the country with victims of forced recruitment as minors … Two reports 
were obtained, one for the Special Jurisdiction for Peace and the other for the Truth Commission. These reports made possible to 
account for those recruitment practices that the FARC have not recognized within the route of the integral system.” (IOM National)
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F.8.8 VISP played an important role 
within multi-actor work instances, in 
which institution, international 
cooperation, academia and victims’ 
organizations came together to 
articulate actions and strengthen 
processes related to victims’ 
attention and comprehensive 
reparation. 
“A committee was formed to permanently monitor the implementation of PAPSIVI. Who attended that committee? The manager of 
public health attended, his delegate, the director of human rights of the departmental government, the University of San 
Buenaventura and IOM. Those were the 4 partners, and we were eventually accompanied by a referent from the Ministry of Health.” 
(Antioquia IOM)
“That space, a participation subcommittee, in the Medellín Mayor’s Office it was called that, in the Governor’s Office it was called 
institutional and organizational strengthening, that’s what that subcommittee was called. And then IOM assisted those subcommittees 
with an important role, and joints were generated there, not only with these entities that I mentioned but also with the Attorney 
General’s Office, with the Ombudsman’s Office. And I also remember that, in the case of Medellín, the University of Antioquia, 
organizations such as the region, in Medellín, but also other organizations like the IPC, in short, civil society organizations attended.” 
(IOM Antioquia IOM)
“…an alliance called the southern alliance. So, see that there is a prioritization of territory that implies being differentiated in a 
problem and in an incidence of public policy. That alliance of the south is the incidence of public policy that has to do with public 
policy of victims, public policy of combatants and construction of peace, education for peace and so on. There are 22 organizations 
inside, 22 organizations, and today we have the technical secretariat… Finally, there are some elements, some problems that we 
must try to influence so that they support the different policies because everyone can add up, because a pool of 22 institutions can 
do much more than all the number of vests that can be in the territory.” (Córdoba IOM)
“There is an education for peace alliance, an alliance that had its starting point in 2016, perhaps in 2020. It was led by IOM at the 
time also in terms of the technical secretariats and there was a key focus there at a structural moment in Colombia when there was 
this whole movement on human rights issues and on human rights abuses and human rights vulnerability in Córdoba, with the 
leaders. How do we go about setting up a chair on peace issues, on project formulation issues for these leaders as well, because we 
also have to look for tools, and that education for peace ended up working with a peace chair for teachers and schools.” (Córdoba
IOM) 
“In addition to the cooperation reference point, there is also a space called the ELC. It is a space that leads or is coordinated by 
OCHA, the office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs. There, in the local humanitarian team, which is a representation in the 
territory, there we sit, the 24 agencies of the United Nations, no excuses 13 agencies of the United Nations, international NGOs 
that add up to 23 and local NGOs that we reached about 30. we all sit down and there is a space of several lines, one of 
contextualization of situations in the territory. In the humanitarian and development line there is also the offer that we are working 
on. There is also a space where we identify meeting points to establish coordination agreements on a more bilateral basis, so there is 
another element there.” (Chocó IOM)
F.8.9 Through VISP implementation, 
IOM and USAID established 
relationships of trust with both public 
institutions and the victim population, 
being considered as an objective 
cooperation agency, with great 
technical capacities and ethical values, 
responsible with the execution of 
their projects and with a deep 
“The mediation of the IOM, by having a… recognition of the social and community actors, helped us to bring the victims’ 
organizations closer together. It was not only the institutional support, but it was also the bridge that built trust between the victims 
and the State, in this case the mayor’s office, the great difficulty was that. The distrust, I was already telling you, the quite limited 
resources, I was already telling you the lack of information, the technical weaknesses that we had at that time, were there at an initial 
moment.” (Popayán Mayor’s Office)
“I would also point out something very important that is the result of all this and that is the trust that has been generated with the 
victims and trust towards the Ombudsman, but also towards the IOM itself. I believe that as a result of this work, as a result of very 
good work, we managed to open the doors of victims’ organizations, of victims in the territories that view the Ombudsman with 
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commitment toward communities 
affected by Colombian armed 
conflict.
very good eyes today and view with very good eyes the work that is has done with IOM. I believe that the degree of acceptance of 
the victims is the point that most clearly shows that the work has been successful.” (National Ombudsman)
“The other time someone came from USAID, I don’t know, someone came from the national level and for us it was joy, we almost 
cried because they really are allies, that’s a strategic ally when you don’t have support, not just when you’re well . That is, when one 
is in that weakness, then support each other, not only when we are well, that is, let’s walk together, but when there are some 
weaknesses, because that is where we want support.” (VU Nariño)
“I believe and am convinced that the opening that the institutions had was very positive, that is, they believe that USAID in the 
territory is very well positioned; but when a USAID program arrives there is openness, that is, because they know that we are
serious, because they know that what is brought has its foundation, because we do not come for 6 months, but for a proposal of 4-5 
years, that generates an important relationship.” (Córdoba IOM)
“In that scenario one found, for example, indigenous scenarios that are quite complex, that are very reluctant to not have an 
involvement in their own dynamics, in their times. However - something to be rescued from the program and the people who were 
in charge of the program - I think that with that attitude of respect towards the dynamics of both the State and the social 
organizations, because they managed to gain the trust of the ethnic organizations, peasants, of victims. And when they went with the 
State, transmit that trust to the State entities. I think that was one of the strengths of the program, that it had a methodology that 
respected its own dynamics a lot and that generated trust.” (National Ombudsman’s Office)
“And the other thing that IOM achieved is trust. The agency enters the territory and there is no risk, it is not received with 
suspicion, neither by the indigenous communities nor by other actors, nothing. That means that they do a good job, that they are 
people who had no difficulties with anyone and who knew how to enter the territory. As I say, we are suspicious of the territory, 
even us as a public ministry.” (Municipal Ombudsperson’s Office)
305 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 148. Mentions in Q8 categories vs. Transversal categories. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
16. CROSS CUTTING QUALITATIVE VISUALIZATIONS
The following analysis was carried out with T-LAB software (of all data in transcriptions of all 
interviews). T-LAB software comprises a set of linguistic, statistical and graphical tools for text analysis. 
It allows exploring and analyzing conceptual patterns in a text corpus as a way of interpreting reality, 
through word frequency, consistency, and associations. The observation of categories, themes and 
emerging relationships within the units of analysis is useful during the research process to elaborate and 
verify working hypotheses. On the other hand, T-LAB provides different types of tables and graphs to 
visualize the relationships within the corpus and their meaning which allows presenting evidence to 
support findings. 
Among the analytical options of the software is the CO-OCURRENCY ANALYSIS which makes it 
possible to map the degree of relationship between keywords within a corpus. Co-occurrences are the 
number of times two or more lexical units are present in the same subsets or paragraphs.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 306
WORD ASSOCIATIONS
Exhibit 149. Words most associated with “Entrelazar”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 150. Words most associated with “PAPSIVI”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
307 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 151. Words most associated with “COVID 19”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 152. Words most associated with “Paz”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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Exhibit 153. Words most associated with “Ingreso”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 154. Most associated words with “Participación”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
309 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 155. Most associated words with “Sostenibilidad”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 156. Most associated words with “ACOPLE”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Exhibit 157. Most associated preceding and following words to “OIM”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 158. Most associated preceding and following words to “USAID”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
311 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 159. Most associated preceding and following words to “VISP”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 160. Most associated preceding and following words to “Fortalecimiento”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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Exhibit 161. Most associated preceding and following words to “Reparación”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 162. Most associated preceding and following words to “Sostenibilidad”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
313 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
Exhibit 163. Most associated preceding and following words to “Rehabilitación”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Exhibit 164. Most associated preceding and following words to “Participación”. 
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
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ANNEX C: FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS MATRIX
TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
Question 1.
To what extent do 
VISP (1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of 
public policies have 
contributed to 
improving the 
assistance and service 
provision towards 
Victims? What were 
the main successes and 
challenges of this 
institutional 
strengthening and 
public policy 
interventions?
Victims’ registry and 
information systems
F.1.1 VISP’s support to diagnosing 
victim’s socioeconomic 
characteristics and identifying their 
needs stands out.
F.1.2 The development of 
VIVANTO, carried out with VISP’s support, improved the pertinence 
of the assistance provided to 
victims, allowing different public 
agencies to identify individuals 
directly and efficiently through the 
RUV.
F.1.3 VISP supported the 
development of virtual training 
materials and tutorials for the use 
of information systems.
C.1.1 VISP decisively supported the 
strengthening of the victim’s registry 
process, the development of 
information systems and the 
development of training tools to 
increase appropriation and 
sustainability in their use. These 
actions improved the timeliness, 
pertinence and follow-up of the 
attention and reparation measures 
for victims, what contributed to 
overcoming the unconstitutional 
state of affairs in this component. 
(F.1.1, F.1.2, F.1.3) 
R.1.1 Coordinate actions to continue 
strengthening VIVANTO, in terms of 
standardization and integration of new 
sources of information with national 
initiatives for interoperability and integration 
of administrative records of social programs, 
allowing for a more comprehensive 
knowledge of the different programs accessed 
by the victim population, improving precision 
in the measurement of progress in the 
implementation of the VL. (C.1.1)
R.1.2 Support the improvement of the use of 
the information collected in Information 
Systems such as VIVANTO for public policy 
decision-making, through the implementation 
of cutting-edge data analysis methodologies to 
gain efficiency in the processes (e.g. validation 
of the information provided through the 
declaration, the generation of preventive 
alerts based on events that increase the risk 
of victimization in the different territories and 
the automation of measurements of 
monitoring and follow-up indicators of the 
VL). (C.1.1)
Psychosocial 
rehabilitation 
F.1.4 VISP made structural 
contributions to the rehabilitation 
strategies for victims (PAPSIVI, 
EREG, and Entrelazando).
F.1.5 VISP supported the training 
processes of the victims linked as 
community agent roles in 
Entrelazando, EREG and PAPSIVI.
F.1.6 VISP supported the 
monitoring, evaluation, and 
systematization of the 
rehabilitation measure strategies.
C.1.2 Regarding Psychosocial 
Rehabilitation, VISP was a key ally 
for the theoretical and operational 
consolidation of rehabilitation 
models, for the mainstreaming of 
the psychosocial approach in 
assistance, care, and reparation 
actions, and for the appropriation of 
actions of emotional care in various 
organizations. (F 1.4, F.1.7, F.1.8)
C.1.2 Regarding Psychosocial 
Rehabilitation, VISP was a key ally 
for the theoretical and operational 
consolidation of rehabilitation 
R.1.3 Continue supporting the VU and the 
MOH to advance in the qualification of 
technical and operational guidelines for 
psychosocial rehabilitation strategies, 
especially in their differential ethnic and rural 
components. (C.1.2)
R.1.4 Support the implementation of 
systematic strategies for the inclusion of the 
psychosocial approach, the rights approach 
and action without harm in each of the VL’s 
reparation measures, as well as in the 
demining processes. (C.1.2)
R.1.5 Support the monitoring of the process 
of institutionalizing the emotional care actions 
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EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
F.1.7 VISP facilitated the 
mainstreaming of the psychosocial 
approach in other reparation 
measures.
F.1.8 VISP promoted the 
institutionalization of care actions 
for people and organizations that 
guide and assist victims, as well as 
the appropriation of self-care and 
mutual care actions.
models, for the mainstreaming of 
the psychosocial approach in 
assistance, care, and reparation 
actions, and for the appropriation of 
actions of emotional care in various 
organizations. (F 1.4, F.1.7, F.1.8)
C.1.3 VISP strengthened the 
psychosocial rehabilitation strategies 
(PAPSIVI, EREG, Entrelazando) by 
supporting the training processes of 
victims linked as community agents.
Despite their relevant role in the 
programs, these actions are not 
integrated into mechanisms for 
academic recognition or 
professionalization, the agents are 
generally not paid, and the specific 
impact of their role has not been 
evaluated. (F.1.5)
C.1.4 The existing evaluations of the 
rehabilitation measure are 
fundamentally process-based, and do 
not provide information on their 
impact or effectiveness in terms of 
achieving emotional recovery (input 
and output measures) or of 
achieving the goals of the 
rehabilitation. Furthermore, the 
measurement of perception and 
satisfaction is usually carried out by 
the healthcare professionals 
themselves, which can introduce 
bias. Finally, there is no information 
on the integration of rehabilitation 
measures with other victim’s 
reparation measures or with care 
measures within the framework of 
the health system. (F.1.6)
of people, leaders, and organizations that 
guide and care for victims, and integrate the 
development of personal and institutional 
security protocols as key elements of care in 
future programs. (C.1.2)
R.1.6 Support the GoC in the development of 
formal education and/or professionalization 
frameworks that allow the recognition of 
skills developed by community agent roles of 
the different existing rehabilitation strategies 
(EREG, Entrelazando, and PAPSIVI), 
recognizing their management role, support 
for care, and community replication. (C.1.3)
R.1.7 Support the GoC in the development of 
a strategy that analyses the feasibility and 
mechanisms to remunerate the work carried 
out by community agent roles within the 
existing psychosocial rehabilitation programs 
(EREG, Entrelazando, and PAPSIVI). (C 1.3)
R.1.8 Support strategies of knowledge 
management around the results of the actions 
carried out by community agent roles of the 
existing rehabilitation strategies (EREG, 
Entrelazando, and PAPSIVI) as an input for the 
qualification of their training and for the 
creation of community coordination and 
sustainability actions for rehabilitation 
strategies. (C.1.3)
R.1.9 Accompany the MOH in the expansion 
of the application of the physical-functional 
rehabilitation model in low complexity, in its 
coordination with other processes of 
attention to the victim population, and in the 
dialogue with the various actors of the SGSSS 
for its transversal and sustainable 
appropriation. (C.1.4)
R.1.10 Follow up on the findings of the 
disability certification pilot processes and 
their impact on the differential reparation of 
victims with disabilities and victims of 
antipersonnel mines. (C.1.4)
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TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
Physical 
rehabilitation
F.1.9 VISP’s support for the MOH 
was fundamental for creating and 
consolidating a physical-functional 
rehabilitation model with a 
biopsychosocial approach in the 
medium to low complexity parts 
of the health system. 
F.1.10 The IPS where the VISP- supported rehabilitation centers 
operate have become local 
benchmarks for offering 
comprehensive care and operate 
as physical rehabilitation nodes. 
C.1.5 VISP supported the MOH in 
the consolidation of the physical￾functional rehabilitation model and 
in the disability certification process. 
This has had a positive impact on 
victims and on the general 
population by improving adherence 
and quality to rehabilitation 
processes and by strengthening the 
network in the low and medium 
complexity of the health system. 
However, challenges persist in the 
contracting of services by EPS, and 
in the coordination of these with 
other rehabilitation measures. (F.1.9, 
F.1.10)
R.1.11 Support the GoC in the future 
development of mechanisms to measure the 
quality, effectiveness and impact of the 
implementation of psychosocial rehabilitation 
strategies. (C.1.5)
R.1.12 Support the MOH and key actors of 
the SGSSS in the development of a broad 
strategy for dissemination, training, 
implementation and monitoring of the 
Comprehensive Health Care Protocol with a 
psychosocial approach for the victim 
population, paying special attention to its 
integration with the strategies of psychosocial 
rehabilitation and characterization strategies 
for decision making in public health. (C.1.5)
Collective 
reparations 
F.1.11 VISP supported in its 
influence regions Collective 
Comprehensive Reparation Plans 
(PIRC), implementing activities 
addressed both at institutional and 
civil society actors.
C.1.6 By working with both the 
state and victim collective subjects 
(groups) simultaneously, VISP’s 
supported the progress of the 
implementation and closure of 
Collective Comprehensive 
Reparation Plans (PIRC). (F.1.11)
R.1.13 Maintain the provision of support to 
the VU Reparations Directorate to 
strengthen the integral knowledge 
management of this program, with an 
emphasis on detecting persistent bottlenecks 
in its implementation. In the selected 
intervention regions, work closely and 
constantly with the teams of the VU 
territorial directorates in charge of carrying 
out the Collective Reparation, promoting the 
relevance of generating spaces for joint 
reflection on the progress of the processes, 
so that a learning community can be formed 
to contribute to improve and speed-up the 
process. This, promoting collaborative work 
and activating active listening spaces in order 
to identify the strengthening needs that they 
require, so that in turn communities can 
improve their dialogue with state agents with 
the aim of agreeing on the design and 
implementation of PIRCs. (C.1.6)
Compensation F.1.12 VISP supported the delivery 
of economic compensations 
(compensations) through inter￾institutional territorial workshops
C.1.7 VISP supported the delivery of 
economic compensations to victims 
by strengthening its coordination 
with other victim’s reparation 
measures, although challenges 
R.1.14 Support the design and implementation 
of strategies to speed up the delivery of 
compensations (compensations) to victims 
and to systematically integrate these with 
other comprehensive reparation measures, 
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TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
persist in accelerating their delivery 
and in integrating these with other 
reparation measures in a more 
systematic and permanent manner. 
(F.1.12)
especially those related to psychosocial 
rehabilitation and income generation within 
the framework of local development 
strategies. (C.1.8)
Income generation F.1.13 While VISP’s support to 
victim’s income generation actions 
was not central in the program, it 
did support the implementation of 
Mi Negocio (DPS).
C.1.8. While strengthening 
institutional attention to victim’s 
income generation was not a central 
component of the program, specific 
actions carried out provided 
interesting results that could be 
replicated in other programs related 
to the economic stabilization of 
victims. (F.1.13, F.1.14)
Employability F.1.14. In employment, VISP 
supported key developments for 
the differential approach for 
victims.
Satisfaction and 
non-repetition 
measures
F.1.15. In terms of historical 
memory, VISP supported the 
structuring of the CNMH, the 
dissemination of reports and 
material through various channels, 
the development of pedagogies, 
and the implementation of 
memory initiatives at the local 
level.
C.1.9 VISP contributed to the 
positioning and institutionalization of 
historical memory as a measure of 
satisfaction within the framework of 
the comprehensive reparation, 
supporting both public entities and 
civil society to advance initiatives, 
spaces, and products of memory. 
However, these issues lost 
relevance in the last years of 
program implementation. (F.1.15)
R.1.15 Renovate the support for the building 
of historical memory through work with 
Colombia’s Memory Museum, the CEV and 
local memory initiatives in order to collect, 
compile, disseminate and build new memory 
initiatives through publications, symbolic acts, 
art expositions and digital media. (C.1.9)
Participation F.16. VISP comprehensively 
supported the process of effective 
participation of victims working 
with various national and local 
public entities. 
C.1.10 VISP played a leading role in 
the development of individual, 
organizational and institutional 
capacities for effective participation 
within the framework of the VL. 
These advances are evidenced in the 
overcoming of the unconstitutional 
state of affairs in this matter, as 
stated by the Constitutional Court. 
(F.1.16)
R.1.16 Continue strengthening grassroots 
organizations of victims and victim advocates 
to make the election of members of the 
victim participation roundtables more robust, 
qualified and transparent, and to strengthen 
participation mechanisms. (C.1.10)
Inclusion of the 
differential approach
F.1.17 VISP supported the 
formulation, operationalization and 
socialization of public policy 
instruments to incorporate 
C.1.11 VISP has significantly 
contributed to the incorporation, 
both at the national and territorial 
levels, of the differential approach 
R.1.17 Continue supporting the strengthening 
of local institutions to guarantee 
differentiated care for victims with disabilities 
and ethnic communities, within the 
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TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
differential approaches as a 
constitutive part of the VL.
F.1.18 VISP supported local 
governments in incorporating a 
differential approach for victims’ 
attention through identification 
processes, the training of public 
servants and the adequation of 
attention centers.
F.1.19 VISP provided strategic 
support for the formulation and 
implementation of differentiated 
psychosocial care protocols for 
women victims of sexual violence 
and for children and adolescents. 
Nonetheless, the fulfillment of 
objectives faced challenges over 
the years.
F.1.20 VISP contributed to the 
construction of historical memory 
with a differential approach, 
supporting research and the 
implementation of community 
exercises for the preservation of 
traditional knowledge.
F.1.21 VISP significantly 
strengthened the participation of 
victims’ representatives of 
minority groups, both in the 
participation roundtables and in 
other instances.
(ethnic, women, youth, LGBTQI++) 
in the processes of attention and 
reparation of victims. The advances 
were achieved through the 
formulation and implementation of 
policy tools, as well as through the 
socialization and training for their 
use. Despite these advances, 
challenges remain to address 
particularities and persistent gaps of 
differential population groups within 
the VL’s framework. (F.1.16, F.1.17, 
F.1.18, F.1.19, F.1.20)
C.1.12 VISP was successful in 
strengthening the participation of 
victims of differential groups, 
supporting their participation in 
victims’ roundtables, as well as in 
other local planning and dialogue 
instances, promoting organizational 
and community leadership 
processes. (F.1.21, F.1.22)
framework of public policy for victims. 
(C.1.10)
R.1.18 Support the carrying out of evaluations 
and analysis related to the implementation of 
the VL with respect to victims belonging to 
minority groups. (C.1.10)
R.1.19 Support the VU in the coordination 
and strengthening the different strategies and 
institutional actions for the comprehensive 
reparation of young victims and victims 
abroad. (C.1.10)
R.1.20 Continue strengthening the 
incorporation of the ethnic approach in the 
rehabilitation measure, in coordination with 
the MOH and the VU. (C.1.10)
R.1.21 Continue supporting the construction 
of historical memory of experiences of 
minority groups at the national and local 
levels. (C.1.11)
R.1.22 Develop technical and operational 
elements so that differential approaches are 
systematically taken into account in the 
different instances of victim participation. 
(C.1.12)
Decentralization of 
the VL
F.1.22 In terms of decentralization 
of the VL, VISP supported the 
dissemination, understanding, 
implementation and strengthening 
of the competencies delegated by 
the VL to local governments.
C.1.13 VISP has been a key player in 
the implementation of the VL in the 
territories, by providing support for 
the understanding of the VL and its 
measures, and by accompanying the 
institutional adjustments required 
for its correct implementation at the 
local level. These advances reached 
municipalities beyond those targeted 
by the program,
R.1.23 Support the design of a strategy for 
the autonomous retraining of the territorial 
teams in charge of planning and implementing 
the victims’ policy, taking as input the lessons 
learned from the Territorial Strengthening 
Model. (C.1.13)
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TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
Communications of 
the VL
F.1.23 VISP contributed to the 
dissemination of the contents, 
routes and protocols of the VL 
with special emphasis on the 
territories.
C.1.14 VISP supported various 
mechanisms to disseminate the VL, 
what contributing to a better 
understanding of the VL from the 
perspective of public and civic 
actors, and also contributed to the 
application of the complex contents 
of the Law at both the national and 
local levels. (F.1.23)
R.1.24 Continue supporting communication 
processes around the VL implementation 
process, so its achievements and follow-up 
results informs both victims and the local 
political agenda. (C.1.14)
Monitoring and 
evaluation of the VL
F.1.24. VISP supported 
improvements in the monitoring 
and follow-up processes of control 
institutions.
F.1.25. VISP’s internal M&E 
strategy, appropriated by the 
various actors involved in the 
execution of the program, allowed 
to effectively measure advances 
and bottlenecks.
F.1.26. VISP supported the 
strengthening of the MOI’s RUSISCT information system, as 
well as processes of strategic 
planning and M&E at the local 
level.
C.1.15. VISP’s support in developing 
and implementing M&E tools and 
information systems was 
encompassing, reaching local 
governments and control agencies. 
This increased the information 
available to make accurate 
assessments of the implementation 
of the VL, providing inputs for 
decision-making. (F.1.24, F.1.26)
C.1.16. VISP’s monitoring, follow-up 
and evaluation strategy, and its 
cross-cutting incorporation in 
different processes with different 
actors, contributed to the adequate 
use of the inputs generated by the 
program for decision-making and for 
the adaptation of actions, 
constituting more than a mere 
reporting process. (F.1.25)
R.1.25 Support the GoC in the design and 
implementation of a strategy to analyze 
duplicities in the information reported in 
different information systems such as SIIGA, 
PAT dashboard and RUSISCT, which, if 
necessary, could lead to actions to integrate 
information systems for the monitoring and 
evaluation of the victim’s public policy, 
reducing the administrative burden of local 
liaisons. (C.1.15)
Covid-19 effects F.1.27 The COVID-19 pandemic 
affected VISP’s operation, limiting 
the execution of face-to-face 
activities. 
C.1.17 Within the framework of the 
COVID-19 pandemic, VISP was able 
to adapt its activities designed for 
face-to-face scenarios to virtual 
environments, generating capacities 
to overcome some of the 
connectivity difficulties present in 
the targeted municipalities. (F.1.27)
R.1.26 Based on the lessons learned from the 
COVID-19 pandemic, support the GoC in 
developing and scaling-up mechanisms and 
protocols for providing virtual attention to 
victims, as well as strategies to support and 
train local governments and territorial offices 
of national government entities in the use of 
these virtual channels. (C.1.17)
Question 2. 
What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
Technical Capacity 
for sustainability
F.2.1. Although the institutional 
response supported by VISP has 
enabled advances on the provision 
C.2.1. VISP’s technical support to 
study, understand and accompany 
the implementation of the VL was 
R 2.1 Continue strengthening the technical 
capacity of the institutional framework, 
especially at the local level, through the 
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TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
face to sustain VISP￾supported institutional 
strengthening and 
policy implementation 
results?
of victims’ comprehensive 
assistance and reparation, there 
are still victims who have not 
accessed these services, and 
furthermore, victimizing acts 
continue to occur.
F.2.2. At the local level VISP 
contributed to capacity building in 
local governments and in the 
territorial teams of national 
entities (such as the VU).
F.2.3. At the national level, VISP 
left installed capacity in institutions 
that were created within the 
framework of the VL, as well as in 
existing institutions to which the 
law assigned new competencies.
F.2.4. The instability of the 
working conditions of government 
personnel and the high turnover of 
personnel (partly for political 
reasons), especially in local 
governments, has been an obstacle 
to advancing in the provision of 
victims’ comprehensive assistance 
and reparation.
F.2.5. In terms of the sustainability 
of actions to strengthen 
psychosocial rehabilitation, there 
are heterogeneous levels of 
appropriation of capacities at the 
local level.
F.2.6. The sustainability of the 
actions to strengthen the physical￾functional rehabilitation services 
depends on the management 
capacities of the local and national 
government. 
fundamental for the organization of 
institutional processes. On this basis, 
VISP rightly concentrated its efforts 
on strengthening both individual and 
organizational capacities, both at the 
national and local levels. More 
difficulties were faced in 
consolidating capacities in local 
governments, which represents a 
challenge for the sustainability of the 
results. (F.2.2, F.2.3)
C.2.2. Despite the advances in the 
measure of rehabilitation 
(psychosocial and physical), the 
territorial capacities for its 
sustainability are limited in terms of 
technical appropriation, institutional 
management and coordination, 
coverage, concurrence, use of 
information systems, qualification 
and retention of the human talent, 
and socialization of the services 
offered. (F.2.5, F.2.6)
sequence of studying, understanding, 
explaining and disseminating conceptual and 
procedural developments, emphasizing the 
adjustments required for future policy or 
regulatory developments, and strengthening 
bidirectional communication and coordination
between levels of government. (C.2.1)
R.2.2 Continue supporting planning and 
follow-up activities carried out by the public 
agencies responsible for the victims’ policy, 
local governments and control entities, with 
an emphasis on identifying and responding to 
possible inconsistencies between the size of 
the victim population to be attended and the 
allocation of budgetary resources to this end, 
to continue to improve planning and 
oversight processes around the VL. (C.2.2, 
C.2.5)
Fiscal capacity for 
sustainability
F.2.7 In terms of fiscal 
sustainability at the national level, 
although the new Victims’
C.2.3 The budgetary resources 
required to continue with the 
implementation of the VL are high, 
R.2.3 Continue supporting planning and 
follow-up activities carried out by the public 
agencies responsible for the victims’ policy, 
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CONPES allocates budgetary 
resources, these are insufficient to 
meet the demands for the 
comprehensive reparation of 
victims (current victims and new).
F.2.8 In terms of local fiscal 
sustainability, the needs are even 
greater, especially in the case of 
municipalities in categories 4, 5 
and 6.
F.2.9 The financing of certain 
activities and components of the 
VL depends on VISP’s budgetary 
support.
especially in a context where 
victimizations continue. Fiscal 
challenges are even greater at the 
local level, where management and 
budget execution capacities remain 
low. In the targeted territories, 
VISP’s direct budgetary support has 
been relevant, and thus, the absence 
of future budgetary support from 
international cooperation could limit 
the sustainability of the processes 
achieved. (F.2.7, F.2.8, F.2.9)
local governments and control entities, with 
an emphasis on identifying and responding to 
possible inconsistencies between the size of 
the victim population to be attended and the 
allocation of budgetary resources to this end, 
to continue to improve planning and 
oversight processes around the VL. (C.2.3, 
C.2.4)
R.2.4 Continue providing technical and 
financial support for the implementation of 
the VL and the Final Agreement to achieve 
the comprehensive satisfaction of the rights 
of victims on a large scale and considering the 
changing dynamics of the context, especially 
at the local level. (C.2.3)
Political will for 
sustainability
F.2.10 VISP has played an 
important role in facilitating the 
dialogue and coordination
between the transitional public 
offer and the needs of the victims.
C.2.4 Although VISP has installed 
capacities in the institutional 
response to the provision of victims’ 
comprehensive assistance and 
reparation, its eventual absence 
could imply sustainability challenges 
in terms of political commitment 
and the fluidity of the relationship 
between the government and the 
victims. (F.2.4, F.2.9, F.2.10, F.2.11, 
F.2.12)
Adequate normative 
framework
F.2.11 The current normative 
framework for the provision of 
victims’ comprehensive assistance 
and reparation is sufficient to 
guarantee the sustainability of the 
results achieved by the 
institutional response supported 
by VISP.
Sustainability in 
disperse rural areas
F.2.12 From a territorial 
perspective, the sustainability of 
the institutional response 
supported by VISP depends on 
structural aspects.
Security guarantees F.2.13 The continuity of violence 
in Colombia, especially in the areas 
targeted by VISP, represents a 
challenge for the sustainability of 
the results.
C.2.5 The continuation of violence is 
a major challenge to the 
sustainability of the results achieved 
by the GoC with the support of 
VISP face. This violence generates 
problems in terms of operation and 
financing (as it requires high 
- 
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investments in humanitarian 
assistance and the provision of 
goods and services associated with 
reparation) and poses risks for the 
security of the communities, 
especially for those who lead 
participation scenarios and those 
who exercise the defense of human 
rights. (F.2.1, F.2.13)
Maintaining citizen 
participation 
F.2.14 Regarding the sustainability 
of progress in terms of 
participation, VISP’s contributions 
to the visibility and capacity 
building of the victims’ 
participation roundtable, including 
their oversight and advocacy 
capacities in the planning, 
implementation and monitoring of 
the victim’s policy, contribute to 
the sustainability.
C.2.6 The progress made in victims’ 
participation, largely supported by 
VISP, represents an area gained for 
the sustainability of the 
implementation of the VL. The 
above as victims’ participation 
roundtables have acquired capacities 
of oversight and public advocacy. 
Work could however continue to 
extend these capacities to additional 
instances and organizations. (F.2.14)
R.2.5 Continue supporting the participation of 
victims from a broader approach that includes 
strengthening victims’ organizations and 
working with the new circumscriptions for 
peace congress seats, emphasizing the 
generation of capacities in these 
representatives to carry out advocacy work 
in decision-making related to the victims’ 
policy, its follow-up and accountability. (C.2.6)
M&E for 
sustainability
F.2.15 As part of a permanent 
M&E process, VISP has provided 
constant accompaniment to 
stakeholders. 
C.2.7 The M&E processes related to 
the comprehensive attention and 
reparation of victims, included those 
supported by VISP, have generated 
institutional memory and allowed 
the understanding of interventions 
and their results, an aspect that 
supports the adaptation, scaling-up 
and sustainability of the actions 
supported by VISP. (F.2.15)
R.2.6 Strengthen the knowledge management 
strategy of future programs based on the 
systematization of lessons learned and the 
transfer of best practices in the design, 
monitoring and implementation of actions for 
the comprehensive care and reparation of 
victims. (C.2.7, C.2.8)
Knowledge 
management 
F.2.16 The design of the 
Territorial Strengthening Model 
and the pilots for economic 
stability of victims supported by 
VISP contemplated the 
systematization of and adaptation 
to lessons learned.
C.2.8 Although VISP’s operation 
contemplated internal feedback 
exercises on its actions, except in a 
couple of projects, there is no 
evidence of systematic knowledge 
management exercises with 
government counterparts to 
systematize and disseminate lessons 
learned or to incorporate 
adjustments based on these that 
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contribute to the sustainability of 
results. (F.2.16)
Question 3. To what 
extent have VISP￾funded interventions 
increased access to 
physical and 
psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What 
have been the main 
factors that 
contributed to 
improvement or that 
delayed to these 
services?
Access to 
rehabilitation
F.3.1 VISP supported the design 
and implementation of the 
Entrelazando collective 
psychosocial attention strategy.
F.3.2 VISP supported the design, 
start-up and updating of technical 
inputs for the implementation of 
the group emotional recovery 
strategy - EREG of the VU.
F. 3.3 Although VISP did not 
provide direct resources to 
increase PAPSIVI’s coverage, it did 
make fundamental contributions to 
the construction of methodologies 
for the two components of the 
program (psychosocial care and 
comprehensive health with a 
psychosocial approach),and 
supported training and care 
processes.
F.3.4 The contribution of VISP in 
terms of provision, adaptation and 
support for the operation of 
functional-physical rehabilitation 
centers directly facilitated victim’s 
access to these services.
F.3.5 The offer of psychosocial and 
physical-functional rehabilitation 
services faces challenges to 
facilitate access to victims.
F.3.6 Psychosocial rehabilitation 
strategies for victims are not 
systematically coordinated 
(beyond individual referrals) with 
the offer and mental health or 
social inclusion policies of the 
country.
C.3.1 VISP supported the creation 
and operation of the VU’s 
psychosocial rehabilitation strategies 
(Entrelazando and EREG), facilitating 
the access of victims to psychosocial 
care through the local presence of 
psychosocial professionals and 
community agents trained to 
support these initiatives. Despite 
these advances, challenges persist in 
terms of coverage, quality, and 
evaluation of the impacts of installed 
group and community capacities. 
(F.3.1, F 3.2)
C.3.2 VISP supported the MOH to 
facilitate access to the PAPSIVI and 
to the physical-functional 
rehabilitation centers in low and 
medium-complexity level health 
centers. It supported training 
processes, endowment, technical 
developments, and dialogue with 
different actors of the health system. 
These actions have positively 
impacted health care for the general 
population, even in non-VISP 
municipalities. However, weaknesses 
persist in terms of expanding 
coverage, providing services 
permanently, and in coordinating 
psychosocial care with physical and 
mental health services. (F.3.3, F.3.4, 
F.3.5)
C.3.3 Psychosocial care and 
rehabilitation services are not clearly 
coordinated with public policy 
actions of mental health or social 
inclusion, or with general processes 
of public and individual health within 
the health system. This implies that 
victims receive fragmented physical 
R.3.1 Develop mechanisms to continue 
expanding the coverage and quality of EREG, 
Entrelazando and PAPSIVI psychosocial 
rehabilitation strategies. (C3.1, C3.2)
R.3.2 Give continuity to the support provided 
to the VU for the qualification of the EREG 
strategy and the Entrelazando strategy, 
strengthening the mechanisms for referring 
cases to individual rehabilitation when 
necessary. (C.3.1)
R.3.3 Give continuity to the support to 
PAPSIVI, especially in relation to the 
development of differential technical 
guidelines (rurality, ethnicity and children and 
adolescents), the strengthening of the 
monitoring and follow-up system, the 
strengthening of the coordination between its 
two components and the use of the RUV by 
SGSSS actors. (C.3.2)
R.3.4 Accompany the MOH in the 
development of actions to strengthen access 
to physical-functional rehabilitation centers in 
new IPS, to expand the operation of the 
disability registry and to coordinate this offer 
with the comprehensive reparation route for 
the victim population. (C.3.2)
R.3.5 Develop, together with the MOH, a 
strategy for the massive and permanent 
training of local governments, EPS, IPS, and 
health professionals/technicians in the 
psychosocial approach, differential approach, 
disability registration and use of the RUV. 
(C.3.2)
R.3.6 Support the MOH and the VU in the 
implementation of mechanisms that 
technically and operationally coordinate 
psychosocial rehabilitation with the other 
measures of reparation, the mental health 
offer, and with the complementary 
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F.3.7 There is a lag in access to 
psychosocial care for subjects of 
collective ethnic reparation 
(groups) and in the incorporation 
of the ethnic approach in the 
measure of rehabilitation.
F.3.8 Close to 900,000 victims 
have accessed the measure of 
psychosocial rehabilitation through 
the strategies designed and 
implemented with VISP’s support.
and mental health care, often 
without a psychosocial and rights 
approach. (F.3.6)
C.3.4 Socioeconomic factors 
affecting access to rehabilitation 
services include ethnicity, geographic 
location, age and economic activity. 
In particular, individuals of minority 
ethnic origin, residing in disperse 
rural areas, youth, and elderly 
people, have limited access to 
rehabilitation. The GoC faces an 
important challenge to 
methodologically, operationally, and 
financially adapt its psychosocial 
rehabilitation strategies to reach and 
help these populations heal. (F.3.7, 
F.3.8)
psychosocial offer for the victim population in 
charge of the ICBF, DPS and the MOE. (C.3.3, 
C.3.4)
R.3.7 Promote the creation of differential and 
concerted strategies with authorities and 
ethnic communities to favor access to 
collective ethnic psychosocial rehabilitation 
(especially of indigenous peoples) and to 
strengthen the access of older people to 
psychosocial rehabilitation. (C.3.4)
Question 4. 
What are the main 
strengths and 
weaknesses of the 
“Community Agent 
Model”? 
CAM Strengths F.4.1 ACOPLE had a solid process 
of theoretical training and 
provided permanent practical 
training (10 years) aimed at 
community agents.
F.4.2 The care between ‘peers’ of 
the CAM proved to be effective in 
reducing symptoms in the victim 
population.
F.4.3 The CAM facilitated 
processes of strengthening and 
reconstruction of social fabric at 
various levels.
F.4.4 The participation of the 
CISALVA Institute allowed the 
creation of a local instrument for 
measuring symptoms at the entry 
and exit in the intervention, the 
execution of a robust scheme for 
monitoring and evaluation of the 
effectiveness of the interventions, 
and the generation of knowledge.
C.4.1 The CAM showed high 
effectiveness in terms of reducing 
symptoms through mental health 
care among peers. This derives from 
a solid training and supervision 
process for community agents, the 
building of trust between 
beneficiaries and the ACOPLE team, 
and the strengthening of social fabric 
at the local level. (F.4.1, F.4.2, F.4.3)
C.4.2 Throughout its 
implementation, the CAM adopted 
innovative measurement strategies, 
implemented effectiveness research 
and had a comprehensive strategy 
for supervising cases and 
accompanying community agents, 
promoting the quality of the 
intervention. This constitutes a 
differential characteristic of CAM in 
relation to other psychosocial care 
strategies and is a strength of the 
implementation model. (F.4.4, F.4.5)
R.4.1 Given the proven effectiveness of the 
CAM, continue to support the 
implementation of the validated strategies to 
provide psychosocial and mental health 
support for victims. (C.4.1)
R.4.2 In future programs, continue to 
systematize the training processes developed 
with community agents, and support the 
coordination of these actors with formal 
education scenarios, providing incentives for 
professionalization, and analyzing their results. 
(C.4.1)
R.4.3 Maintain and promote the link between 
professionals and knowledge management 
teams in future implementations of the CAM 
or similar interventions. (C.4.2)
R.4.4 In future implementations of the CAM 
or similar interventions, maintain, promote 
and systematize the technical supervision 
schemes carried out with community agents, 
identifying good practices, limitations and 
results of each type of supervision in the care 
processes. (C.4.2)
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F.4.5 A strength of the CAM was 
the use of various types of 
supervision of the interventions 
carried out. 
CAM weaknesses F.4.6 Although the people 
attended by ACOPLE were mostly 
Afro-Colombians, the CAM did 
not include the ethnic approach in 
its individual care protocols.
F.4.7 Although the implementation 
of the CAM showed a majority of 
female participation at all levels 
(care professionals, community 
agents and beneficiaries), its 
implementation did not formally 
incorporate a gender￾differentiated approach.
C.4.3 The CAM did not include 
formal adaptations in its care 
protocols in terms of inclusion of 
differential gender and ethnic 
approaches, although beneficiaries 
were predominantly women and 
ethnic groups. Some informal and 
contextual adaptations were made, 
but these were not documented as 
methodological adjustments. (F 4.6, 
F.4.7)
R.4.5 In future implementations of the CAM 
or similar interventions, identify strategies 
that allow adjustments related to differential 
approaches to be formally incorporated into 
care, in harmony with the population profiles 
of the victim population served. (C.4.3)
R.4.6 In future processes to support 
community mental health strategies for 
victims, consider the results (currently in the 
process of publication) of the group model 
that ACOPLE implemented in a 
complementary manner to the CAM. (C.4.3)
CAM sustainability F.4.8 AFRODES participated in the 
contact, selection and hiring of the 
community agents that 
implemented the CAM. However, 
these actions were not linked to a 
continuous organizational 
strengthening process, which 
implied weaknesses in the transfer 
of capacities and limitations in the 
information management 
processes between AFRODES and 
Heartland Alliance.
F.4.9 The CAM did not have 
continuity in AFRODES once 
USAID funding ended.
F.4.10 Even though the CAM 
included in its design actions for 
the dissemination and transfer of 
the model to SGSSS actors and 
victim’s care institutions, the 
transfer was limited
C.4.4 The organizational 
strengthening provided to 
AFRODES was insufficient to 
achieve the complete transfer of 
technical, administrative, and 
financial capacities required for the 
sustained implementation of the 
CAM after USAID’s support 
finished. (F.4.8, F.4.9)
C.4.5 Although dissemination 
actions were carried out, the CAM 
model has not been appropriated by 
government entities, due to 
challenges in the relationship with 
the MOH and the VU, as well as 
weaknesses in the management 
processes of the local Health 
Secretariats, and due to the high 
costs of the model. (F.4.10)
R.4.7 Review and update the organizational 
strengthening model for the appropriation of 
the CAM by victims’ organizations, as an input 
for current and future programs. (C.4.4)
R.4.8 Review and update the CAM transfer 
strategy to SGSSS actors and SNARIV 
psychosocial care programs. (C.4.5)
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Question 5. 
What were the lessons 
learned and results of 
the VISP pilots 
developed to 
strengthen the capacity 
of CSOs on economic 
empowerment, 
employability, and 
incidence in public 
policies?
VISP economic 
pilots
F.5.1 VISP’s economic stabilization 
pilot was successful in tailoring its 
model for working with different 
types of RPOs with victim’s 
participation. 
F.5.2 The definition of the type of 
support to provide to each RPO 
was based on the diagnosis and 
participatory definition of 
organization’s needs and capacities 
through a strengthening plan.
F.5.3 VISP’s economic stabilization 
pilot was adapted to working with 
rural vulnerable populations, 
although there was no clear 
differential approach for working 
with victims or other population 
groups.
F.5.4 While the Pilot did not have 
specific goals regarding 
improvements in the 
organization’s production and 
commercialization results, there 
are some reported improvements. 
F.5.5 Most organizations continue 
to face challenges in 
commercializing their products in 
the quantity and frequency 
required for economic 
stabilization. 
F.5.6 The Covid-19 pandemic 
affected the implementation of the 
economic pilots, having to 
virtualize part of the training and 
sessions. The pandemic also 
affected the local economic 
environments.
F.5.7 A successful innovation of 
the economic pilots was the 
emphasis on peer-to-peer learning.
C.5.1 The flexibility in VISP’s pilot 
intervention model differentiates it 
from traditional policy tools, 
allowing working with a variety of 
rural producer organizations (RPOs) 
while responding to their particular 
needs and capacities, which were 
collaboratively defined. (F.5.1, F.5.2)
C.5.2 There are opportunities to 
further tailor the organization 
strengthening model to respond to 
differential needs of specific 
population groups, and in particular, 
of victims. (F.5.3)
C.5.3 Despite providing 
encompassing support to strengthen 
organizational, technical, commercial 
and financial capacities of RPOs, 
challenges remain for increasing 
their economic opportunities, 
recognizing that these are, however, 
constrained by contextual economic 
conditions. (F.5.4, F.5.5, F.5.6)
C.5.4 VISP’s economic stabilization 
pilots innovated in various aspects, 
including an emphasis on practical 
learning, peer to peer learning, and 
in the empowerment of 
organizations, as well as local 
governments as active actors 
capable of continue working to 
support the economic stabilization 
of victim’s RPOs and their members. 
(F.5.7, F.5.8, F.5.9)
C.5.5 The pilot was successful in 
systematizing lessons learned. 
However, there are opportunities to 
further disseminate and transfer 
these so that they become effective 
inputs for the design and 
implementation of future private, 
cooperation and public interventions 
R.5.1 Elaborate a step-by-step guideline 
regarding how to implement an 
encompassing, participatory and flexible 
approach to define tailored strengthening 
plans to be carried out jointly with each 
organization so that interventions are 
pertinent and appropriated by the 
beneficiaries. (C.5.1)
R.5.2 Elaborate a guideline on how to 
systematically incorporate differential 
approaches in the economic strengthening 
intervention model, with a special emphasis 
on victim’s differential approach. (C.5.2)
R.5.3 In current and future interventions, 
define economic indicators and goals in terms 
of the production and commercialization 
performance of the organizations, allowing 
the analysis of results obtained through the 
support provided and through the 
identification of challenges to continue 
addressing when working in the economic 
stabilization of RPOs with victim members. 
(C.5.4, C.5.5)
R.5.4 In future interventions, strengthen the 
support provided to organizations in terms of 
commercialization (including supporting and 
accompanying them to negotiate sales 
agreements with private actors) and access to 
resources (including accompanying them to 
request agricultural credit or structure a 
project to apply to other types of public or 
cooperation financial support), aspects that 
should contribute to the sustainability and 
scaling-up of the intervention. (C.5.5, C.5.6)
R.5.5 Elaborate a booklet systematizing the 
peer-to-peer capacity transfer methodology, 
and socialize it with key actors that could 
replicate it in future programs. (C.5.4)
R.5.6 As part of the emphasis on generating 
co-responsibility and empowering 
organizations as change-makers, include as 
part of future program’s beneficiary 
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F.5.8 The pilot made an emphasis 
on transferring capacities and 
empowering the organizations and 
local governments in the co￾responsibility to continue the 
strengthening process beyond the 
implementation of the pilots.
F.5.9 Through workshops and 
accompaniment, the program 
empowered organizations, and in 
particular women members, to 
strengthen and re-orient their 
work.
F.5.10 VISP’s economic pilot 
systematized its lessons learned. 
However, further national level 
dissemination activities were not 
carried out due to time 
constraints. 
F.5.11 Different actors recognize 
the value of VISP having worked 
directly with victims and in topics 
related to economic stabilization.
aimed at supporting income 
generation of victims or other 
vulnerable rural populations. (F.5.10)
C.5.6 Despite not being a core 
component of VISP’s nature, 
working directly with RPOs for 
advancing in the economic 
stabilization of victim’s proved to be 
successful and necessary as part of 
the integral reparation process for 
victims. (F.5.11)
organization’s responsibilities, the 
implementation of a project that benefits the 
local community, serving as an exercise to 
help rebuild social relations in areas where 
victims reside. (C.5.4)
R.5.7 Design a strategy to expand and deepen 
the socialization of the lessons learned and 
the knowledge management products derived 
from the economic pilots with other USAID 
programs, other cooperation actors, inter￾institutional instances, and with the main 
rural-associativity public programs. (C.5.5)
R.5.8 In future programs aimed at supporting 
the integral reparation of victims, include a 
component of economic stabilization, 
recognizing its relevance as part of the 
process to advance in the guarantee of 
victim’s rights, as well as for the sustainability 
of other reparation measures. (C.5.6)
Question 6. 
What have been the 
GOC actions, results, 
and lessons learned to 
improve the economic 
stability of the victims? 
Is there a need for 
USAID programming in 
this area? What should 
be the strategy of this 
programming?
Actions and results 
regarding the 
income generation 
of victims.
F.6.1 Interviewees consider 
income generation as a key 
mechanism that allows victims to 
move from receiving assistance to 
obtaining comprehensive.
F.6.2 There have been advances 
regarding the economic 
stabilization of victims, including 
making the topic visible, creating 
specifically targeted programs and 
setting additional points for victims 
in the entry criteria.
F.6.3 Two types of 
entrepreneurship income 
generation interventions coexist: 
programs specifically targeted 
towards victims and general 
income generation programs 
C.6.1 Despite the relevance of 
income generation for advancing on 
the comprehensive reparation of 
victims, and despite some advances 
in the provision of programs to 
support the economic stabilization 
of victims as a result of the VL, 
there is no proper public policy 
guiding the design, implementation 
or coordination of such 
interventions. (F.6.1, F.6.2, F.6.3)
C.6.2 Both income generation 
programs for victims and general 
programs for vulnerable populations 
that victims can access, offer similar 
support. This consists of training and 
financial support, following an 
individual assistance-based approach 
and with no clear differential 
R.6.1 Elaborate a conceptual and operative 
methodology to incorporate the victim’s 
differential approach in income generation 
programs. (C.6.2)
R.6.2 Support and strengthen the 
coordination of victim’s income generation 
programs with local development 
interventions, with a special emphasis on 
PDETs and working jointly with local 
governments. This, as a strategy to transit 
from individual assistance-based 
entrepreneurship approaches, to 
interventions incorporating a territorial and 
market-oriented approach that can scale-up 
the potential of the results. (C.6.2)
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targeted towards vulnerable 
populations.
F.6.4 In general, income generation 
programs for vulnerable 
populations do not incorporate a 
differential approach for working 
with victims.
F.6.5 Most entrepreneurship 
income generation support 
programs for vulnerable 
populations (including victim’s) 
offer a mix of entrepreneurship 
training, training in cross cutting 
skills and financial incentives.
approach for working with victims.
(F.6.4, F.6.5, F.6.6)
Lessons learned 
regarding the 
income generation 
of victim’s.
F.6.6 There is no clarity on the 
exact number of victims that have 
accessed income generation 
programs. 
F.6.7 There are currently 8 public 
agencies and over 17 income 
generation programs that victims 
can access. This ample supply of 
programs is not organized.
F.6.8 The institutional arrangement 
around victim’s income generation 
is still weak.
F.6.9 The coordination of income 
generation strategies with other 
integral reparation actions for 
victims is limited.
F.6.10 The impact of victim’s 
access to income generation 
programs is unclear.
F.6.11 Weaknesses of program 
design limit the potential impact 
that accessing income generation 
programs can have on victims.
F.6.12 The potential impact and 
sustainability of income generation 
C.6.3 The number of victims that 
have accessed income generation 
programs is unclear and is limited in 
comparison to the universe of 
victims potentially requiring this 
support, being a critical component 
for achieving the comprehensive and 
sustained reparation of victims. 
(F.6.7, F.6.8, F.6.9, F.6.10)
C.6.4 Victims have accessed a 
diversity of public programs. The 
ample supply of programs is 
however not structured following an 
attention route, and there are no 
defined coordination mechanisms or 
guidelines for targeting or 
implementing the different 
interventions or for linking these 
with other victim reparation 
measures. This relates to the 
persistence of an unclear 
institutional arrangement and 
leadership role to orient 
interventions supporting the income 
generation of victims. (F.6.11, F.6.12, 
F.6.13)
C.6.5 The impact, results and 
sustainability of results deriving from 
R.6.3 Support the elaboration and 
implementation of an Income Generation 
Route, with a special emphasis on victims. 
This, as an instrument that integrates the 
different existing programs depending on 
their particular characteristics and type of 
beneficiary targeted, and serving as well as an 
instrument to disseminate the existing public 
supply of programs among victims, reducing 
access barriers related to information. (C.6.3)
R.6.4 Support the integration of the diagnosis 
and characterization of the economic 
conditions of victim’s and of their productive 
units in a sole information system. (C.6.3)
R.6.5 Support the GoC in the design and 
implementation of a strategy to clarify the 
institutional arrangement around income 
generation for vulnerable populations 
including victims. (C.6.3)
R.6.6 Conduct an analysis of the possibility to 
designing income generation programs 
following payment-by-results (pago por 
resultados) schemes, and of piloting this with 
victim beneficiaries. (C.6.4)
R.6.7 Carry out an analysis of existing follow￾up indicators regarding victim’s vulnerability 
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TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
programs is limited by contextual 
barriers.
F.6.13 The public supply of 
programs to support 
entrepreneurship is larger than to 
support employability.
victims’ access to income generation 
programs remains unclear. This is in 
part due to limitations in 
measurement, follow-up and 
evaluations, and also derives from 
limitations in program design, 
including the short duration of 
interventions and the low amount of 
capitalization offered to 
beneficiaries. Contextual barriers 
such as the bad quality of 
infrastructure, the persistence of 
insecurity and the limited 
development and access to local 
markets also constrain potential 
impacts. 
in relation to economic stabilization, as well 
as of income generation program follow-up 
indicators, with the objective of identifying 
whether adjustments or new developments 
are required. (C.6.4)
R.6.8 Support the design and implementation 
of a strategy to strengthen the 
commercialization component of income 
generation programs supporting victims so 
that the training and capitalization provided 
derives in effective access to markets, being 
this a crucial component for the sustainability 
and scalability of results. (C.6.4)
R.6.9 Support the design and implementation 
of interventions that incorporate the 
strengthening of specific skills required for 
the employability of vulnerable populations 
(including victims), with differential strategies 
for rural contexts and innovative and broad 
dissemination channels. (C.6.5)
Employability F.6.14 Programs aimed at 
improving employability and the 
mechanisms through which these 
programs operate, do not have 
clearly defined access routes nor 
are they sufficiently known by 
people.
F.6.15 The challenge in terms of 
employability of vulnerable 
populations, including victims, is to 
achieve effective job placement.
F.6.16 The availability of strategic 
information in each of the 
employability route’s phases is 
crucial to guide actions, as are 
incentives.
F.6.17 The implementation and 
potential results of employment 
generation programs are complex, 
C.6.6 Interventions to support the 
employability of vulnerable 
populations, including the victim 
population, are a supplementary 
route to entrepreneurship. The 
above, given the differences in skills 
required to access each. However, 
there are important challenges for 
supporting employability in rural 
areas where the supply of 
employment is low, job training and 
qualification of victims is restricted 
and dissemination and access 
barriers persist. (F.6.14, F.6.15)
C.6.7 Labor intermediation 
programs that are holistic, provide 
quality services, support different 
parts of the employment pathway 
and adapt to local contexts, are 
more likely to achieve job 
placements. However, these 
requirements are demanding from a 
R.6.10 Support the design and implementation 
of standardized labor intermediation 
programs that include attributes that have 
been proven to be effective in closing gaps 
and achieving effective job placement. (C.6.6)
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TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
and they depend on contextual 
factors. 
technical and operational point of 
view, are costly and require 
prolonged accompaniment to 
achieve effective and sustained job 
placement. (F.6.16, F.6.17, F.6.18)
Question 7. 
What were the main 
results and lessons 
learned of the VISP 
institutional and 
technical adaptation 
strategy to support the 
Peace Accord 
implementation? What 
challenges does USAID 
still face on peace 
accord victim’s 
interventions?
Results and lessons 
learned
F.7.1 VISP was designed to support 
the institutional design and 
implementation of policies 
concerning the provision of 
victims’ comprehensive assistance 
and reparation, in accordance with 
the content and scope of the VL.
F.7.2 Within the framework of the 
Peace Accord, the Integral System 
for Peace (SIP) was designed as an 
exceptional transitional justice 
scheme, temporary and with a 
macro approach.
F.7.3 The addition of objectives 
and projects related to the 
implementation of the Peace 
Accord to VISP was carried out at 
a time when the program had 
been running for several years, and 
therefore it was structured and 
functioning with pre-established 
logics and work dynamics.
F.7.4 The indicators designed to 
measure VISP’s support for the 
implementation of the Peace 
Accord, and in particular the SIP, 
were met.
F.7.5 VISP supported actions for 
increasing access to truth at the
local level.
F.7.6 VISP adapted its operation to 
support the implementation of the 
Peace Accord in the territory by 
modifying its geographic targeting 
C.7.1 VISP was designed to support 
the institutional response in terms 
of the provision of victims
comprehensive assistance and 
reparation. Although there is a 
thematic connection to the content 
and scope of the Colombian 
transitional justice project, the 
implementation of the Peace Accord 
is based on achieving structural 
transformations working through an 
exceptional and temporary 
institutional arrangement (JEP, CEV, 
UBPD). This requires a dynamic and 
concrete support scheme distinct 
from the one of the VL. (F.7.1, F.7.2, 
F.7.3)
C.7.2. VISP’s support for the 
implementation of the Peace Accord 
focused on a series of specific 
institutional strengthening actions 
that were fulfilled. However, 
complex social issues such as the 
promotion of coexistence and social 
dialogue, typical of long-term 
processes and requiring a macro 
approach, did not always have the 
time or the technical tools necessary 
for their complete and effective 
implementation. (F.7.4, F.7.11)
C.7.3 The emotional care actions 
that VISP promoted in the SIP 
agencies helped to elevate the 
recognition of their positive effect 
on the results and performance of 
officials within the respective 
organizational structures. (F.7.7)
R.7.1. Develop a work scheme that allows to 
continue integrating in a harmonious and 
complementary way the processes of victims’ 
comprehensive attention and reparation to 
the victims (associated with the VL), with 
those of justice, truth, humanitarian search, 
and rural development (typical of the Final 
Agreement) contributing to the generation of 
conditions of peace and coexistence towards 
national reconciliation. (C.7.1, C.7.2)
R.7.2 Develop strategic communication 
actions so that the institutional and non- institutional actors with whom USAID works, 
especially in the territory, acquire 
comprehensive knowledge about the content 
and the scope of the Agency’s support to the 
institutional response to the victims’ rights 
and expectations. (C.7.3)
R.7.3 For future interventions, maintain the 
focalization scheme for comprehensive 
assistance and reparation actions in PDET 
municipalities, to the extent that the 
effectiveness of the transitional institutional 
offer has great potential in these areas (C.7.4)
331 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
of institutional strengthening 
actions. 
F.7.7 VISP supported the UBPD 
and the CEV in the design and 
implementation of actions to 
improve their organizational 
culture, among which emotional 
care. 
C.7.4 The territorial reconfiguration 
of VISP in the Development 
Programs with Territorial Approach 
(PDET) municipalities was relevant 
so that the actions around the 
provision of victims’ comprehensive 
assistance and reparation would 
enable the subsequent development 
of the components of the Peace 
Accord. (F.7.6)
Challenges F.7.8 There is limited clarity on the 
part of the key informants about 
whether VISP managed to support 
the coordination between the 
institutions that constitute the SIP.
F.7.9 Institutional (local 
governments) and non-institutional 
actors (local officials of the 
implementing partner and victims) 
who work with VISP in the 
territory have a restricted 
understanding of the SIP, and
therefore of the way in which the 
Program has supported the 
implementation of such system 
locally.
F.7.10 Within the framework of 
the Peace Accord, and although 
VISP facilitated the participation of 
victims in both the development of 
the PDETS and before the CEV, 
the effectiveness of such 
participation has been affected by 
external factors.
F.7.11. Some of the processes and 
projects related to VISP’s lines of 
support for the implementation of 
the Peace Accord could not unfold 
their full potential. 
F.7.12. VISP carried out actions 
aimed at guaranteeing the exercise 
C.7.5 VISP’s support for the 
implementation of the Peace Accord 
focused on a series of specific 
institutional strengthening actions 
that were fulfilled. However, 
complex social issues such as the 
promotion of coexistence and social 
dialogue, typical of long-term 
processes and requiring a macro 
approach, did not always have the 
time or the technical tools necessary 
for their complete and effective 
implementation. (F.7.10) 
C.7.6 At the local level, actors have 
limited clarity regarding the scope of 
the support provided by the 
program to the implementation of 
the Peace Accord, as well as on the 
way in which the actors involved in 
the Colombian transitional justice 
project interact and integrate with 
one another. (F.7.9)
C.7.7 Although the program 
supported the participation of 
victims in the Integral System for 
Peace (SIP), the scope of the 
participation achieved in the system 
was not always sufficient. This is 
explained by limits to incorporate 
victims’ existing expectations 
regarding the satisfaction of their 
rights, and by a lack of protection 
R.7.4 In future support actions, consider the 
particularities of the Final Agreement 
regarding the temporary and exceptional 
nature of its institutions and mechanisms for 
the satisfaction of the rights of victims. (C.7.5)
R.7.5. Support the GoC in the strengthening 
of participation mechanisms so that victims 
can influence the design, adjustment, 
implementation, and evaluation of the 
activities to be developed to strengthen the 
Colombian transitional justice project. (C.7.6)
R.7.6 Support the GoC in the design and 
implementation of actions of emotional care 
that different SIP and other GoC agencies 
have begun to implement for their national 
and territorial teams, recognizing the direct 
impact that these have on the performance of 
officials and the quality of care for victims. 
(C.7.7)
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TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
of the defense of human rights in 
the territory
schemes for the defense of human 
rights. (F.7.10, F.7.11)
Question 8. 
What were the main 
challenges, 
opportunities, and 
contributions of 
stakeholder 
engagement to achieve 
VISP results? What 
recommended 
improvements to 
future programming?
Working with GoC 
Institutions 
F.8.1 VISP was committed to the 
systematical coordination to the 
lines of work and particular needs 
of the GoC, both at the national 
and local levels.
F.8.2 VISP’s coordination with the 
Public Ministry was particularly 
important for the operation of the 
program and the advances 
achieved in the implementation of 
the VL.
F.8.3 The program found in the 
VU an ally of special relevance for 
the strengthening of the public 
policy for victims.
C.8.1 VISP’s engagement with 
national and local entities 
understood and successfully 
coordinated their different lines of 
work, taking advantage of the 
strengthening opportunities while 
respecting the limits given by its role 
as an international cooperator. 
However, the work of the program 
was to a certain extent limited 
precisely by the need to constrain 
its actions to the agenda of each 
agency, as well as by its commitment 
to advance it. (F.8.1, F.8.2, F.8.3)
R.8.1 In future programs, strengthen the 
work for transferring and installing long-term 
strategic capacities in key national and local 
institutions, beyond working on the 
resolution of temporary needs that may arise 
from these allies. (C.8.1)
R.8.2 Continue supporting the Public Ministry 
in order to guarantee its proper institutional 
functioning at the national, departmental and 
municipal levels in virtue of the effective 
participation, reparation and protection of 
victims. (C.8.1) 
R.8.3 Continue strengthening the VU’s 
capacity to coordinate the public offer of 
services for the comprehensive attention and 
reparation for victims, taking into account the 
renewing of the VL until 2031. (C.8.1)
Working with non￾institutional actors
F.8.4 VISP positioned itself as a 
fundamental ally for the victim 
population. In the future, USAID 
programs working to strengthen 
the victim’s public policy should 
make more emphasis on working 
directly with victim population.
F.8.5 VISP established some 
strategic alliances with other 
USAID programs, as well as with 
other cooperation agencies to 
strengthen the program’s 
interventions.
F.8.6 Although the interviews 
evidenced limited mentions of the 
role of private actors in the 
program, various actors 
recognized that these are relevant 
in the implementation of certain 
actions. 
C.8.2 VISP’s implementation 
required strategic alliances with 
non-institutional actors, such as 
academia, private sector, other 
USAID programs, other cooperation 
agencies and the victim population 
itself. These relationships allowed 
the program’s interventions to have 
a greater reach through protocols 
and strategies co-built between a 
variety of stakeholders. (F.8.4, F.8.5, 
F.8.6, F.8.7)
R.8.4 Support victims’ organizations in 
territory as a line of programmatic work with 
equal importance to institutional 
strengthening. (C.8.2)
R.8.5 Support the GoC in the formulation of 
clear guidelines on the role of the private 
sector in the comprehensive reparation of 
victims, as well as in the construction of 
peace within the framework of the Final 
Agreement. (C.8.2)
R.8.6 Support the GoC in the design and 
implementation a formal strategy for the 
coordination between different cooperation 
agencies supporting the implementation of 
the VL and the Peace Accord, promoting in 
this, the participation of local governments, 
victims’ roundtables and other relevant civil 
society actors at both the national and local 
levels. (C.8.2)
R.8.7 Continue involving universities and 
research centers in the development of 
333 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 40. FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
ANALITICAL 
THEME
FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
F.8.7 In some particular actions of 
the program, academic actors 
played an important role.
projects, as well as in exercises for 
monitoring, follow-up and evaluation of 
processes at the local, departmental and 
national levels, with the purpose of 
strengthening capacities in these institutions 
on issues related to attention and the 
comprehensive reparation of victims and in 
the implementation of the Peace Agreement. 
(C.8.2)
Articulating actors F.8.8 VISP played an important 
role within multi-actor work 
instances. 
F.8.9 Through VISP’s 
implementation, IOM and USAID 
established relationships of trust 
with both public institutions and 
the victim population.
C.8.3 IOM and USAID are 
considered both at the national and 
local levels as the most important 
cooperation agencies for the 
implementation of the public policy 
for victims. Consequently, VISP was 
received by the different 
stakeholders as a program capable 
of generating significant impacts. 
This, as both agencies were 
successful in building trust with the 
different parties involved and 
demonstrated having the technical 
and human capacity to develop 
responsible and high-quality 
processes. (F.8.8, F.8.9)
- 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 334
ANNEX D - DETAILED METHODOLOGY
1. DETAILED QUANTITATIVE METHODOLOGY
In this section we describe briefly the quantitative methodology used in the performance evaluation. It 
included the application of different statistical methodologies such as T-mean test, PSM, and Logistic 
regression, along with a descriptive analysis to complement and contextualize the quantitative findings. 
For cross-sectional data obtained with the VL survey, we provided evidence on how outcome variables 
compare across VISP and similar municipalities not targeted by the program, measuring with T mean 
tests if differences are statistically significant. To make the comparisons more valid, we applied a 
Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure to match individuals in VISP municipalities with statistically 
similar ones in Non VISP municipalities. This method was also used to pair municipalities, when 
comparing coverage rates of the PAPSIVI and EREG, obtained from administrative records. 
The analysis of secondary data was complemented with the collection of two online surveys. The first 
was directed towards victim’s attention points. We carried out the first survey directly sending the 
formulary to 18 attention points supported by VISP in 18 municipalities. We also sent the survey to 
additional attention points in municipalities not targeted by the program, as a comparison group. The 
second is a survey to directors of 32 health facilities strengthened by the program, as well as health 
facilities in non-supported municipalities. 
As we described in the document of detailed quantitative results, although in the evaluation design we 
had contemplated to use information form administrative records and from the VL survey to conduct 
Difference in Differences estimations to isolate changes resulting from VISP initiatives, after carrying out 
a detailed analysis of VISP projects, implementation characteristics and data available, we decided not to 
include these data for various reasons that result in the non-fulfillment of the assumptions that are 
necessary to obtain valid DID results. In particular:
• Even if VISP municipalities were a reference to target part of the joint work conducted by VISP and 
national agencies, in many cases, the support included other municipalities as well, and in other 
cases, the interventions and developments worked with VISP’s support even reached all the national 
territory. In other cases, projects reached only a subgroup of VISP territories, and these subgroups 
could vary from project to project. As a result of these aspects, the definition of the treatment and 
control groups varies and there are clear spill-over effects. All in all, it is not possible to assume that 
VISP’s initiatives were exclusively implemented in targeted territories. 
• Periods of execution of targeted projects also varied within VISP’s phases, and therefore is not 
possible to define a unique treatment period to carry out robust DID estimates.
Before detailing the quantitative approach to the evaluation, it is worth noting that given the nature of 
the evaluation questions, only questions 1, 3, and 7, involve inference and quasi-experimental analysis. 
For questions 4, 5 and 6, we used only graphical and descriptive analysis based on outcome indicators. 
For questions 2 and 8, we prioritize a qualitative approach.
335 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
SECONDARY DATA SOURCES
We carried out a thorough analysis of existing information from administrative sources, program data 
and data from studies and surveys that have been carried out on VL projects, victim’s perceptions and 
related topics. Table 41 presents the main information systems or administrative records that provided 
relevant data to answer the evaluation questions123. Note that we formally (through administrative 
processes) requested access to this information to each public agency. 
TABLE 41. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS TO BE USED IN THE 
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
INFORMATION SYSTEM - ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD INSTITUTION IN CHARGE
VISP information Systems (phase I and II) IOM
National Victims Information System (VIVANTO): Unique Registry of Victims (RUV), 
Information System of Displaced Population (SIPOD) and the Victims Administrative 
Reparation System (SIRAV)
Victims Unit
MAARIV Information System Victims Unit
INDEMNIZA Information System Victims Unit
Unified Report of the Territorial Information, Coordination and Follow-up System of the 
Public Policy for Victims of the Internal Armed Conflict (RUSICST) Interior Ministry
PAPSIVI module - Follow-up tool. SISPRO Ministry of Health
Registry for the Location and Characterization of Persons with Disabilities – RLCPD Ministry of Health
Individual Registry of Provision of Health Services - RIPS Ministry of Health
Identification System for Potential Beneficiaries of Social Programs (SISBEN) DNP
National System of Evaluation of Management and Results SINERGIA DNP
SOURCE: EVALUATION TEAM
In addition to the above administrative sources, we used data from the VL survey collected by IOM in 
2016 and 2021. This survey permits the measurement of knowledge, perception and access indicators 
related to processes, instances, and services derived from the implementation of the VL and data related 
to key outcome indicators defined in VISP’s AMELP. The survey gathered information in VISP targeted 
municipalities and four non-targeted municipalities,124 allowing to carry out inferential and quasi￾experimental analyses. 
The survey was designed with two main goals: i) assess the knowledge and attitudes that the general 
population and victims have about the VL in 21 VISP selected municipalities; and ii) evaluate the level of 
123 Besides this administrative data sources. We will use attention and follow-up administrative records of different programs 
and strategies involved in VISP interventions. 
124 Given the change in VISP targeted municipalities in 2016, only 10 municipalities (6 VISP municipalities: Apartadó, Medellín, 
Popayán, Quibdó, Riosucio, Pasto and 4 control municipalities: Argelia, Simití, Mocoa, Barrancabermeja) were surveyed in both
survey rounds, as a result the quasi-experimental exercises to conduct with this data source will only use information for these 
territories. 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 336
satisfaction perceived in the registration process and the services of rehabilitation received in the 
framework of the implementation of the VL. For the follow-up survey, conducted in 2021125, IOM 
included a third goal: assess the knowledge and attitudes that the general population and victims have 
about the Peace Accord and the instances developed within its framework. 
The survey was applied to the following populations:
• General population: People over 18 years of age from socioeconomic strata I to IV, regular residents 
of non-institutional housing in the 21 selected VISP municipalities and 4 control municipalities.
• Victim population: People over 18 years of age from socioeconomic strata I to IV, registered as 
victims of the armed conflict, who are habitual residents of non-institutional housing in the 21 
municipalities selected VISP municipalities and 4 control municipalities.
• Victim population in special programs: People over 18 years of age who have been treated within the 
Emotional Recovery Strategy (ERE), the Strategy Entrelazando and the PAPSIVI, in the 21 selected 
VISP municipalities 4 control municipalities.126
For the general population, the sample design for both the baseline and the follow up survey is 
probabilistic, stratified, clustered and multistage. Probabilistic, as each statistical unit has a known 
selection probability between 0 and 1. It is stratified by municipality and socioeconomic stratum, 
clustered by census sections, blocks, and segments (which constitute the sampling units selected in a 
multi-stage procedure). In turn, the sample design for the victim population is probabilistic and stratified 
(with strata corresponding to municipalities and gender, in the case of the general victim population; and 
corresponding to municipalities and programs, in the case of the victim population participating in 
rehabilitation programs). The same is representative of the general municipality population. This survey 
was a key input for addressing evaluation questions 1, 3 and 7. It is worth to mention, that we used the 
samples collected from Victims, considering that this is the population of interest. 
DATA ANALYSIS PLAN
For the analysis presented all along the detailed quantitative results document, we used different 
statistical and econometric methodologies, as we now explain.
PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING (PSM) METHODOLOGY 
The primary goal of applying a PSM methodology is to reduce the selection bias, by matching 
observations in the control and treatment group to make them more comparable to one another. In the 
case of VISP’s implementation, as geographical areas were purposively selected to receive the 
intervention, the victims and general population’s in these municipalities could be systematically different 
from individuals in control municipalities that were not targeted for the program. Direct comparisons of 
indicators across such dissimilar groups would be invalid and biased to infer causal relations. PSM deals 
with this problem by constructing a control group of victims in control municipalities, that are similar to 
victims in VISP treated municipalities relying on a set of sociodemographic variables. 
125 The methodological design of the follow-up survey is still not available and thus we are yet to review it. 126 The follow up survey does not survey independently beneficiaries of each rehabilitation program. 
337 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
More specifically, PSM is a two-stage analytical approach that employs a propensity score as a 
‘comparator metric’, obtained in this case using a Probit regression that summarizes the information of 
the set of relevant characteristics that drive selection bias. This propensity score can also be understood 
as an estimation of the hypothetical probability of any individual being in the treatment group, given its 
characteristics. 
The first stage of the PSM analysis is to compute a valid propensity score for each unit of observation. 
For this exercise we use the following variables:
• Gender and age
• Educational attainment
• Socioeconomic stratum
• Civil status 
• Occupational situation
• Ethnicity 
• Relationship to the household head 
Using the propensity score obtained from the Probit model, each Victim in a VISP municipality (in the 
treated group) is matched to one from a control municipality. This matching step was performed using 
the caliper algorithm without replacement. In particular, the matching procedure was applied to each 
VISP municipality independently, using the same sample of non-VISP municipalities for each territory. 
Once the matching took place, was possible to make valid comparisons between Victims located in VISP 
and non- VISP territories.
In addition, to compare coverage rates of Psychosocial rehabilitation programs, specifically EREG and 
PAPSIVI, we pair VISP municipalities with Non-VISP municipalities, using as selection criteria the 
indicators utilized originally for targeting VISP municipalities over its first phase, along with other 
variables related to territorial socioeconomic characteristics. With this procedure we obtained a 
comparison group for fifteen of the twenty-two VISP targeted municipalities127. 
To carry out the one-to-one municipality match, we used the following variables: 
• Proportion of victims
• If the municipality had a victim’s attention point or regional center 
• If the municipality had collective reparation subjects 
• If the municipality was targeted by the USAID’s Afro-Colombian and indigenous program
• Population density
• Proportion of rural population
• Proportion of people in multidimensional poverty 
• Municipal GDP 
127 When conducting the PSM, seven capital cities included in VISP targeted municipalities (Medellín, Barranquilla, Bogotá, 
Cartagena, Quibdó, Riohacha and Santa Marta) resulted excluded of the common support and therefore are not match with a 
similar municipality. Being large capital cities means that, overall, the probability of selection obtained with the logit model does 
not find a pair in other smaller municipalities of the comparison group, reflecting sui generis characteristics of these territories.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 338
• Internet penetration128.
LOGISTIC REGRESSION
A logistic regression (or Logit model) was applied to determine how individual and contextual 
socioeconomic variables affect the probability of accessing psychosocial and physical rehabilitation 
services. This gives an insight of at which level and in what direction socioeconomic and contextual 
factors affect access to rehabilitation. 
This type of model is appropriate when the response takes one of only two possible values (1 or 0) 
representing success and failure, or in this context, access or not to rehabilitation services. Broadly 
speaking, the Logit model will give us estimates of the variation of the access probability in response to 
changes in the independent variables. Technically speaking, these estimates are known as the marginal 
effects when the independent variable is continuous, and as the impact effects when the independent 
variable is binary.
Once a maximum likelihood estimation method is applied to obtain the coefficients associated to the 
covariates included as independent variables, the marginal effects (eq. 1) and the estimated effects (eq. 
2), are obtained through the following expressions: 
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕(𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖=1)
𝜕𝜕𝑥𝑥𝑘𝑘
= 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 × (1 − 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖) (eq.1) 
𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 = exp (𝑿𝑿𝒊𝒊
´
𝛽𝛽)
1 + exp (𝑿𝑿𝒊𝒊
´
𝛽𝛽)
𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃(𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 = 1) = exp (𝑿𝑿𝒊𝒊
´
𝛽𝛽+ 𝛾𝛾𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖)
1+exp (𝑿𝑿𝒊𝒊
´
𝛽𝛽+ 𝛾𝛾)
 (eq. 3)129
Where the effect is obtained subtracting eq.3 when 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 (the dummy variable) takes the value of 0, from 
the same expression when it takes the value of 1. 
PAIRED T MEAN TESTS 130
A paired t-test is applied when we want to know if the difference between two variables for the same 
subject is statistically significant. Either the variables could be separated by time or separated by 
something other than time. For example, we used T mean tests for knowing if the difference in outcome 
indicators between VISP and Non – VISP territories, and if its change over time is significant.
Technically speaking, since we are interested in the difference between two measures in one sample (the 
VL survey), the paired t-test reduces to the one sample t-test. This test is understood in hypotheses 
testing framework as follows:
𝐻𝐻0: 𝜇𝜇𝑑𝑑 = 0
128 The first four indicators were used by IOM and USAID to target VISP municipalities according to information consigned in 
year 1’s Work Plan. 129 𝛽𝛽 and 𝛾𝛾, are the estimated coefficients associated to the continuous and binary independent variables, respectively. 130 This section is based on: https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/bs/sas/sas4-onesamplettest/SAS4-
OneSampleTtest7.html
339 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
𝐻𝐻𝑎𝑎: 𝜇𝜇𝑑𝑑 ≠ 0
Where 𝑑𝑑 (the sample difference of the outcome variables) is the point estimate of 𝜇𝜇𝑑𝑑t. The t test 
statistic is given by:
𝑡𝑡 = 
𝑑𝑑 − 𝜇𝜇𝑑𝑑
𝑆𝑆𝐷𝐷/√ 𝑛𝑛
Where 𝑆𝑆𝐷𝐷/√ 𝑛𝑛 is defined as the standard deviation of the differences. 
DESCRIPTIVE AND GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
In addition to the inferential and quasi-experimental analyses described above, we used several 
indicators to analyze changes in output or outcome indicators inherent to different VISP activities for 
each evaluation question. For these indicators, we utilized a graphical - descriptive approach, that will 
vary depending on the specific characteristics of the information and on the nature of the analytical 
topics. 
The analysis that we carried out includes, for addressing evaluation question 1, information from the 
institutional strengthening model for local governments implemented by VISP together with the MOI. 
This project collected baseline and final measures of an index of the local government’s capacity to 
implement the VL. The index analyses technical, administrative, managerial and coordination dimensions. 
For evaluation question 4, regarding the results of the ACOPLE Community Agent Model, we analyzed 
output and outcome indicators defined in the project’s AMELP. It is also worth highlighting information 
we used for addressing evaluation question 6, regarding general initiatives to support the economic 
stability of victims. VISP supported entities such as the Department for Social Prosperity (DPS) and the 
Public Employment Service (SPE) in the development of initiatives such as Mi Negocio and the Labor 
Inclusion Model with Closing Gap Focus. For these, we accessed outcome indicators and analyze the 
dynamics associated to the implementation processes.
ONLINE SURVEYS
As a complement to the secondary data analysis and considering the possibility of carrying out low-cost 
primary data collection methods, we carried out two online surveys, as described below.
APPROACH TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT THE DIGITAL SURVEYS
The surveys included multiple choice questions and a small number of questions to guarantee response. 
Surveys was sent to respondents using an open software that allowed to design the survey instrument 
and send it to them. To gather contact details, as well as to introduce the exercise and to improve the 
likelihood of a good response rate, we requested the support of the VU (to gather contacts of the 
victim’s attention points) and IOM (to gather contacts of the health centers). 
Note that we implemented surveys in the set of VISP-supported municipalities, as well as in 
municipalities not targeted by the program. This will allow us to have a comparison group to make 
descriptive comparisons.
We now describe each of the online surveys.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 340
DIGITAL SURVEY TO VICTIM ATTENTION POINTS
Bearing in mind that VISP strengthened equipment and human resources of prioritized victim attention 
points, we aimed to gather information related to the capacity generated by these interventions and on 
whether they had positive and sustained results. This issue is highly relevant, since attention points are 
the gateway to institutional attention, being determinant in victims’ engagement in different processes of 
the integral reparation route.
It is important to notice that the equipment and renovation actions of these spaces took place during 
the first VISP phase at 8 VISP municipalities131. In addition, and mainly during VISP’s second phase, the 
staff at the service points received different training sessions in self-care, attention skills and application 
of the VU’s differential approach, with particular emphasis in this last topic.
In this context, we applied a digital survey to inquire about the conditions of victim’s attention points in 
both VISP-supported municipalities and non-targeted municipalities. The data collected was used to 
address some analytical dimensions included in evaluation questions 1 and 2.
The survey questionnaire was structured in five modules. We now describe them, as well as the specific 
objectives of each module: 
i) General information
• Collect the attention point’s municipality, as well as the role of the respondent. 
ii) Equipment availability and service access
• Identify attention point’s access and use of equipment as computers, laptops, photocopiers, 
printers, access to public and private services as energy, water, and internet, that are vital to 
provide an adequate service to victims. 
• Identify if the attention point has access to information systems to conduct necessary 
identification of victims, as well as consultations or registry processes necessary to provide a 
timely and complete service to victims. 
iii) Human resources availability, roles, and capabilities
• Identify variables associated with the attention’s point staff size and types of roles to validate if 
there is available staff to conduct different activities (e.g., registration, vulnerability 
assessments and psychosocial attention). 
• Identify if the staff has received training in different topics including the VL, differential 
approaches, self-care, and attention skills. This information is useful to evaluate the continuity 
in the use of different pedagogic tools and materials developed by the GoC institutions with 
VISP support. 
131 Turbo, Chigorodó, Ciénaga, Santa Marta, Fundación, Cartagena, Carmen de Bolívar, San Juan de Nepomuceno, Popayán, 
Tumaco, Cartagena del Chairá, Riohacha, Dibulla, Sincelejo, Bojayá, Rio Sucio, Tierralta, Montelíbano.
341 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
iv) VISP support (only for VISP-supported municipalities)
• Identify whether the respondent knows the program and identifies the specific support 
obtained from the program.
v) Perceptions about VISP interventions and further support needs
• Identify perceived importance of VISP interventions from the attention point’s perspective 
and needs of further support.
Some of the questions in sections iv and v are solely directed towards attention points in VISP￾supported municipalities. See Annex E - Instruments for more details and for the complete set of 
questions. 
DIGITAL SURVEY TO HEALTH FACILITIES SUPPORTED BY VISP
One of the key lines of intervention conducted by VISP was the strengthening of functional rehabilitation 
services offered by health centers (basic and complementary), including physical therapy, speech therapy, 
and occupational therapy132. The remodeling of existing infrastructure and the provision of equipment to 
regional and local health services, covered 16 health facilities over two phases. The first phase, 
implemented between 2014 and 2016, reached four hospitals located in Cartagena, Carmen de Bolívar, 
Quibdó, and Apartadó. During the second phase, executed between 2018 and 2020, this intervention 
benefited 12 hospitals located in Caldono, Corinto, Miranda, Tierralta, La Montañita, Policarpa, Anorí, 
Remedios, Dabeiba, Vigía del Fuerte, Montería and Corozal133. 
During the first phase, the project also supported the establishment of four community rehabilitation 
centers, located in Apartadó, Cartagena, Quibdó, and Popayán. The support included providing services
to promote health, prevent illness, and implementing strategies for primary healthcare attention at the 
first levels of care for family, communal, and collective care. In addition to infrastructure and equipment 
improvements, the project offered professional training for rehabilitation teams, doctors, and 
administrative staff in targeted local and regional hospitals, with the aim of installing capacity and 
contributing to the services’ sustainability.
In this context, we applied a digital survey to inquire about the conditions of health facilities in both 
VISP-supported municipalities. We collected information related to the continuity of service provision 
and other relevant variables about the identification of victims that access rehabilitation services, the 
integration of functional rehabilitation services with psychosocial recovery strategies, as well as the 
existence of mechanisms to incorporate the differential approach in the services provided. The data 
collected was used to address evaluation questions 1, 2, and 3.
The survey questionnaire was structured in six modules. We now describe them, as well as the specific 
objectives of each module: 
132 This information is based on final reports of the project “Strengthening functional rehabilitation services”. 133 The program still is carrying out a third phase, finishing in May of 2022. Hospitals strengthened during this phase will not be 
covered by the digital survey. 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 342
i) General information
• Collect the attention point’s municipality, as well as the role of the respondent. 
ii) Physical rehabilitation services offered
• Identify individual and community-based physical rehabilitation services provided by the health 
facility (e.g., physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical medicine) and its 
frequency, as well as the reasons why they do not provide the service, if this is the case.
iii) Victims’ identification
• Address whether the health facility has a mechanism to identify victims who access 
rehabilitation services, and whether they have consolidated registries of rehabilitation services 
provided to this population.
iv) Differential approach incorporation
• Identify if the health facility has mechanisms to incorporate differential approaches (gender, 
psychosocial, ethnic) and if it provides differential rehabilitation services for victims of sexual 
violence in the context of the armed conflict.
v) VISP support 
• Identify if the health facility knows the program and identify the different type of support 
received (refurbishment, equipment, marketing, training, communication).
vi) Perceptions about VISP interventions and further support needs
• Identify the perceived importance of VISP interventions and needs of further support related 
to the provision of physical rehabilitation services.
Some of the questions in sections iv and v are solely directed towards health facilities in VISP-supported 
municipalities. See Annex E – Digital Survey Formularies for more details and for the complete set of 
questions. 
CLARIFICATION REGARDING PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION
As a result of the revision of available secondary data, and of the structuring the data analysis plan as 
well as the online surveys, we concluded that the cost of carrying out primary data collection to survey 
victims on site is higher than its benefit. Thus, we based the quantitative component of the evaluation on 
the analysis of secondary data and the online surveys, complemented with the qualitative data collection 
of the qualitative component of the evaluation. We now discuss the specific arguments for this decision: 
The nature of VISP’s implementation 
The program was designed and implemented to primarily work with public sector agencies directly 
rather than with victims. As such, to evaluate the performance of the program, it is crucial to speak with 
343 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
public officials and contractors at both the national and local levels, to identify the scope of the activities, 
results, challenges, and lessons learned from the program. This task is adequately carried out through 
the revision of secondary administrative data and records, as well as through in-depth interviews with 
public officials and victim’s representatives (e.g., roundtables and organizations). These informants and 
analytical tools provide more insights about the program that primary data collection from individual 
victims analyzing program-related information. 
The nature of VISP’s final performance evaluation questions
The evaluation is a performance, rather than an impact evaluation. As such, the nature of the questions 
is more oriented towards identifying challenges, effective practices, lessons learned, and 
recommendations to improve the management and implementation of the future similar activities, than 
at estimating causal effects on outcome variables on individual beneficiaries. The only evaluation question 
which has an emphasis on outcome variables from individual victim beneficiaries, is questions 3 
concerning increased access to rehabilitation services. As we discussed, the existing secondary 
information (including the VL survey conducted by IOM in 2016 and 2021) is adequate for addressing 
this question. Furthermore, note that there is no existing base-line survey related to VISP 
implementation with final beneficiaries that requires collecting a follow-up to carry out causal inferences.
Variety, quantity, and quality of secondary information. 
As a result of the VISP documentation sources review, we identified several indicators obtained from 
administrative records that allow us to conduct quasi-experimental exercises to estimate effects of the 
interventions carried out by VISP. To exemplify, the Perception Recovery Index and the Perception 
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Index are part of the follow-up tool included in the Social Protection 
Information System (SISPRO) of the MOH, and can be calculated at the municipal level, giving us proxy 
information of service improvement during the period of analysis. Also, using the administrative records 
of each rehabilitation strategy, as well as information from the Individual Registry of Health Services 
Provision (RIPS), it is possible to obtain coverage indicators at the municipal level, which jointly with 
other territorial covariates available in secondary sources such as SISBEN, give us the possibility to 
estimate the effects of VISP interventions in targeted municipalities. 
Limitations of collecting on-site primary data from victim population
Collecting on-site surveys with victim’s population is a challenging task as the sampling design requires 
identifying victims in a locality and estimating the total population of victims and then, reaching a 
sufficiently large number to make the sample representative. Additionally, this type of population is 
highly mobile, moving from one municipality to another, and often residing in disperse areas that area 
difficult and costly to access during field work. Furthermore, there are challenges regarding the 
sensitivity of topics, and survey exhaustion from this population, often subject of previous surveys and 
characterization processes, an aspect that can make it difficult to obtain informed consents. 
Difficulty of obtaining long recall period information 
Because there was no baseline, information of a potential survey would have to be retrospective. Due to 
the long recall period involved (10 years of VISP’s implementation) collecting primary data would require 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 344
a significant retrospective component that would plausibly result in incomplete or even biased 
information. 
• The opportunity of carrying out online surveys, semi-structured interviews, and other qualitative 
tools as adequate sources of data. 
• There are alternative methods to ensure data collection without having to resort to an on-site 
survey collection with victim population. 
• The time, logistical and financial investment vs. the timing of VISP finalization and need of having the 
evaluation recommendations. 
Carrying out an on-site survey would imply a complex process of structuring a request for proposals, 
selecting a data collection firm, transferring key information of the project, the evaluation and the 
formularies, hiring and training data collection personnel, carrying out pilots, programming data 
collection instruments, carrying on-site and desk supervision, carrying out contractual reports, among 
other activities that would extend the evaluation period in at least a couple of months. This would imply 
that results would take longer to report, when VISP’s implementation would have ended, and the staff 
would no longer be available for discussing the results. 
As a conclusion of the above arguments, we find that the high cost of carrying out an on-site data 
collection would be high relative to the quality of additional information that we would obtain. 
2. DETAILED QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY
QUALITATIVE APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION
Although there is no univocal way of defining and conducting qualitative research, behind the large 
diversity of existing approaches there is a common epistemological assumption: events are constituted by 
context134. That is, to understand a social reality, the research process requires the necessary tools to 
analyze the singularity of any given area of interest -in this case VISP performance- untangling its politic, 
legal, historical, and cultural features, as well as the interaction between different actors/ parties 
involved. In this sense, through deep characterization of context, qualitative methods aim for what 
Packer135 calls, the search of constitutive explanations, defining the interdependent conditions or key 
determinants of the situations under study, and explaining how these interact with each other. 
In the context of VISP’s final performance evaluation, qualitative methods were useful, on the one hand, 
for identifying perceptions on contributions, challenges, limitations, and learnings regarding VISP’s 
implementation. On the other hand, qualitative research ensured our capacity for understanding and 
explaining in detail the mechanisms behind these different elements of interest, delving into the dynamics 
implied in the implementation, as well as in the effects provoked by the evaluated program. In this sense, 
the main goals of the qualitative component of VISP’s final performance evaluation were:
134 Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative Content Analysis. London: SAGE Publications. 135 Packer, M. (2018). La ciencia de la investigación cualitativa. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes.
345 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
1. Describing in depth the specific actions implemented by VISP through the diverse voices of the 
actors involved. 
2. Identifying the perceptions and opinions of relevant actors regarding how VISP was implemented 
and what were its main contributions, achievements, and limitations. 
3. Exploring the main determinant factors behind VISP’s contributions, achievements, and 
limitations, to identify learnings, challenges, and current gaps.
4. Characterizing the complexity of the contexts of implementation of VISP, analyzing how 
different contextual factors influenced or mediated its implementation and results.
The qualitative component of this evaluation comprises two different sources of information: (i) 
document review and (ii) individual and group semi-structured interviews. The triangulation of these 
two, in addition to the triangulation with quantitative data, guaranteed solid findings, conclusions and 
recommendations for the evaluation process. We now document both components of the qualitative 
analysis. 
QUALITATIVE DOCUMENT REVIEW
The document review served two specific purposes. On the one hand, program documentation helped 
us contextualize the implementation process of the VISP program during its two phases, providing 
insights on their main goals, achievements, and areas of intervention within their results framework 
(described in the Theory of Change for the Evaluation). On the other hand, documents such as 
institutional, non-institutional and academic reports and evaluations on the Colombian public policy for 
victims and related topics, provided useful contextual, normative, and complementary information for 
answering the evaluation questions, especially those that go beyond VISP.
Both types of document reviews were useful for conducting the evaluation to: 
• Build the evaluation matrix (identify topics, informants, data sources)
• Identify contextual factors affecting VL, Peace Accord and VISP implementation
• Identify general challenges
• Identify general recommendations
• Triangulate information with qualitative and quantitative results 
To this end, we carried out a review, content analysis and strategic summary of over 100 documents, 
including the following:
VISP DOCUMENTATION
• Activity, Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plan
• Quarterly Reports for years 2012-2021 
• Annual Work Plans 2012-2021 
• Guides
• Systematization of experiences
• Award
• Results and plans of the institutional strengthening model to local governments
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 346
VL DOCUMENTATION
• Harvard report on integral reparation
• Attorney General follow-up reports
• Ombudsman follow-up reports
• Constitutional Court documents
• Follow-up Commission reports
• Report of survey on knowledge and attitudes of Victims
• CONPES
• Law
• Complementing Decrees
REHABILITATION PROGRAMS DOCUMENTATION
• Report on knowledge and attitudes of the victims around the Victim’s Law 
• Evaluation of the integral reparation measure
• Strengthening functional rehabilitation services 
• Report on perceptions of EREG (Strategy of Emotional Recovery)
• PAPSIVI evaluation
• Evaluation of the collective rehabilitation measure
• Trauma management from psychosocial approach
• Standards for psychosocial acts
ACOPLE DOCUMENTATION
• Final evaluation
• Systematization of experiences
• Good Practices in accompanying indigenous communities
• Related academic papers
• Attention protocols
• AMELP
VICTIM’S ECONOMIC STABILITY DOCUMENTATION
• CONPES
• RRI plans (Income generation, solidarity economy)
• Project documents (Mi Negocio, FEST, others)
• Entrepreneurship Law
• Arco methodology
• Ombudsman’s office reports (on economic stability issues)
PEACE ACCORD DOCUMENTATION
• Point 1 of the Peace Accord
• Point 5 of the Peace Accord
• Third report to congress on the state of progress of the implementation of the peace 
agreement 
• Tenth verification report of the implementation of the Final Agreement of Peace in Colombia 
(CINEP / PPP-CERAC)
• Five years of implementation of the Final Agreement in Colombia: achievements, challenges, and 
opportunities for increase deployment levels (Kroc Institute and University of Notre Dame)
347 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
We carried out semi-structured interviews with key informants to help us identify the necessary details 
on VISP functioning and results. Semi-structured interviews were particularly designed to revolve 
around selected topics, while giving room for exploration of the complexity they imply. In other words, 
the semi-structed interview was sufficiently structured to cover specific themes of interest, but 
sufficiently flexible to inquire into the particular and complex experiences of the interviewed136. In this 
way, we looked for a deep characterization of results within the limits of the evaluation’s scope of 
analysis.
We applied both individual and group interviews. Individual interviews were conducted to gather 
technical information on implemented actions and institutional processes. The above privileges detailed 
and complex descriptions. In turn, to gather information and perceptions on results, achievements, 
difficulties, and contributions, we conducted group interviews137 privileging discussion and the 
contrasting of opinions. 
INTERVIEW FORMULARIES
We designed the interviews protocols based on the 118 analytical sub-categories defined in the 
evaluation design matrix. In detail, we identified the pertinent informants, from a set of 34 informant 
agencies/organizations. We then defined questions to include in each of the 118 analytical categories. 
With this exercise we then matched relevant questions to each informant. 
With some informant organizations/agencies, we needed to address different analytical categories with 
different teams or persons, according to their specific knowledge. Hence, we conducted more than one 
interview protocol with some of the informants (e.g., 6 interviews with VU at the national level). Also, 
when the analytical topics to cover with one informant were too long, we divided the interviews into 
various protocols (or sessions). The above implied designing 62 different semi-structured interview 
protocols. 
KEY INFORMANTS
Informants are classified in three subgroups: a) institutional, b) non-institutional and c) IP. These 
informants reunite the institutions supported by VISP actions, including civil society, victims, and other 
cooperation actors. Most of the identified actors are key informants for all of the evaluation questions, 
although some of them have been selected for contributing to specific questions (e.g., for question 4 
related to the ‘Community Agent Model’, or question 5 related to economic empowerment pilots with 
six victim’s organizations). 
Informants can also be classified according to whether they are national level informants (e.g., GoC 
agencies) or local informants (e.g., mayoral office or municipal victims’ roundtables). 
136 Galletta, A. (2013). Mastering the semi-structured interview and beyond: from research design to analysis and publication. 
New York University Press.
137 We chose group interviews over focus groups for two main reasons. First, focus groups require a higher number of 
participants and more time for its application. Given the large number of interviews, visits to territory and key informants this 
could extend time of data recollection significatively. The second reason is that focus groups are usually applied for analyzing 
interaction between participants, which is not the main purpose of our interviews. These are directed mainly on identifying 
contributions, limitations, and difficulties in topics related to VISP.
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The following table identifies the relevant informants, specifying for which evaluation questions. We also 
specify whether we will carry out individual or group interviews.
TABLE 42. LIST OF INTERVIEWS OF THE QUALITATIVE COMPONENT
TERRITORIAL 
LEVEL
INFORMANT 
CATEGORY
INFORMANT 
AGENCY/ORGANIZATION
KEY 
INFORMANT 
FOR 
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
MODE OF 
INTERVIEW 
APPLICATION: 
INDIVIDUAL (IN) 
OR GROUP (GR)
National Institutional UARIV 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 In
CNMH 1,2,3,6,7,8 In
Ministry of Health and Social Inclusion 1,2,3,4, 6,7,8 In
UBPD 2,7,8 In
CEV 2,7,8 In
JEP 2,7,8 In
Ministry of Interior 1,2,7,8 In
DPS 1,2,6,8 In
Ombudsperson Office 1,2,3,6,7,8 In
Attorney General’s Office 1,2,3,6,7,8 In
Comptroller’s Office 1,2,3,6,7,8 In
Public Employment Office 1,2,6,8
Gr
SENA 1,2,6,8
DNP 1,2,6,7,8
Gr
Ministry of Work 6 
Ministry of Commerce 6 
Ministry of Agriculture 6 
ART 6 In 
Non- institutional 
National Roundtable for Victims 1,2,3,6,7,8 Gr
Experts 1,2,3,6,7,8 Gr
Implementing 
partner 
IOM 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 In & Gr
Local Institutional Departmental Governor offices 1,2,3,6,7,8 In
Municipal Mayor offices (Planning secretary 
or functionaries in charge of victims’ 
policy)
1,2,3,6,7,8 Gr
349 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 42. LIST OF INTERVIEWS OF THE QUALITATIVE COMPONENT
TERRITORIAL 
LEVEL
INFORMANT 
CATEGORY
INFORMANT 
AGENCY/ORGANIZATION
KEY 
INFORMANT 
FOR 
EVALUATION 
QUESTIONS
MODE OF 
INTERVIEW 
APPLICATION: 
INDIVIDUAL (IN) 
OR GROUP (GR)
UARIV regional offices 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 Gr
Hospitals 1,2,3,8 In
Non- institutional 
Municipal roundtables for victims 1,2,3,6,7,8 Gr
Ethnic representatives 1,2,3,6,7,8 Gr
Victims who have accessed rehabilitation 
strategies 
1,2,3 Gr
Victims’ organizations for economic 
stabilization pilots
5,6 Gr
Psychosocial promoters of PAPSIVI 1,2,3,8 Gr
AFRODES 4 Gr
ACOPLE foundation 4 Gr
CISALVA 4 Gr
Implementing 
partner 
IOM departmental offices 1,2,3,6,7,8 In
Cooperation138 Heartland Alliance 4 Gr
For the national level informants, mainly located in Bogotá, we did one application of each interview 
protocol through virtual meetings. With the help of IOM and VU, we identified the most pertinent 
informants for these interviews, whether they currently work at entities supported by VISP or no longer 
do so (considering that the program has over 10 years of implementation)139. For the local level 
interviews, we have selected a set of municipalities to visit, as we now describe.
MUNICIPALITY SELECTION AND FIELDWORK 
For the local level interviews, we selected 6 different departments across the Colombian territory to 
carry out on-site visits for conducting the interviews. These departments -and its corresponding 
municipalities- where regions prioritized by VISP for its implementation and municipalities where the 
Community Agent Model was applied. In this order, albeit fieldwork in most municipalities helped us 
recollect data for all evaluation questions, some territories had a special approach in order to delve into 
particular evaluation questions that required more specific exploration. 
138 We are identifying whether interviewing other actors, including Swiss and Swedish cooperation offices 139 It is also possible that we need to talk with more than one person over the same themes but discussing these with respect 
to different periods of VISP’s implementation (e.g., two people who had the same role over an extended period).
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We selected the locations based on the following criteria:
• Departments from different regions in Colombia, to have a wider representation of different types 
of territories.
• Two different types of municipalities: (a) the department capital municipality, for identifying a more 
regional view from key informants and regional offices, and (b) a smaller municipality for analyzing 
more rural, disperse contexts, which were also targeted by VISP.
• Being, if possible, municipalities where VISP implemented both phases I and II of the program, in 
order to inquire about a longer period of the program’s implementation.
• Municipalities with hospitals that offer rehabilitation services for victims, as this is a key issue for 
evaluation questions 1 and 3. 
• Municipalities where the Community Agent Model was implemented. 
• Municipalities where the economic stabilization pilots were implemented.
• Municipalities in which security conditions would not represent a threat for on-site visits. 
The selected departments and municipalities are the following:
Antioquia: Medellín - Dabeiba.
Caquetá: Florencia - La Montañita.
Cauca: Popayán - Caldono.
Chocó: Quibdó – Bojayá/Vigía del Fuerte.140 
Córdoba: Montería - Tierralta. 
Nariño: Pasto.141
Additionally, for properly answering questions 4 (Community Agent Model) and 5 (Pilots for economic 
stabilization of victims), we selected three additional municipalities. These did not have the same 
comprehensive approach as the 12 municipalities mentioned above (which reunite informants for 
various evaluation questions), as they represent just one group interview protocol for each visit: 
• Anorí (Antioquia) – for question 5 (Pilots for economic stabilization of victims),
• Buenos Aires (Cauca) – for question 5 (Pilots for economic stabilization of victims),
140 Although administratively Vigía is located in Antioquia, for the program, it was part of the Chocó territorial. 141 In Nariño we also planned to visit Policarpa municipality, but security conditions did not make it possible. 
351 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
In each one of these municipalities, we will applied one protocol to the corresponding local informants 
(e.g., to the victim’s focal point of the Mayor’s office). 
Additionally, to properly answer question 3 (access to rehabilitation measures), from the twelve 
municipalities where we conducted group interviews directly with victims in five municipalities, covering 
the five rehabilitation programs supported by VISP. These interviews were applied with victims who 
have accessed:
• PAPSIVI (in Florencia)
• EREG (in Medellín)
• Functional rehabilitation (in Montería)
• Entrelazando (in Pasto) 
• Ethnic collective rehabilitation (in Popayán). 
In addition to covering topics related to access to the corresponding rehabilitation services, we included 
questions on victims’ perspectives on socioeconomic stabilization (Q6) and the Peace Accord 
implementation (Q7).
RESULTS OF DATA COLLECTION
The fieldwork just described resulted in the realization of 159 semi-structed interviews. At the local 
level we applied 110 interviews, and 49 at the national level. We detail this information in exhibit 165. 
Exhibit 165. Semi-structured interviews conducted at the national, departmental, and municipal levels.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
The following map describes the number of interviews done in each of the six selected departments and 
at the national level:
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 352
Exhibit 166. Semi-structured interviews conducted at the six selected departments.
SOURCE: QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTED BY EVALUATION TEAM
Finally, the next table describes the number of semi-structured interviews applied to every key 
informant within the classification of actor types created for this evaluation process. 
TABLE 43. CLASSIFICATION OF KEY INFORMANTS FOR THE SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS. 
ACTOR TYPE INFORMANTS NUMBER OF INTERVIEWS
Institution (National) CNMH 1 
ART 3 
CEV 2 
Ombudsman Office 2 
DNP 1 
DPS 1 
JEP 1 
Ministry of Agriculture 1 
Ministry of Commerce 1 
Ministry of Health 3 
Ministry of Interior 3 
Public Service for Employment 1 
UARIV 6 
UBPD 1 
353 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 43. CLASSIFICATION OF KEY INFORMANTS FOR THE SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS. 
ACTOR TYPE INFORMANTS NUMBER OF INTERVIEWS
Institution (Local) ART 5 
CEV 1 
Regional Ombudsman Office 5 
Mayor Office 18
Governor’s office officials 5 
Hospitals 8 
Ombudsperson municipal offices 5 
UARIV 13
Non-institutional actors ACOPLE 1 
AFRODES 1 
Ethnic authorities 3 
Beneficiaries of rehabilitation 5 
Beneficiaries of returns and relocation processes 1 
CISALVA 2 
Experts on income generation 2 
Municipal Victims’ Roundtables 13
National Victims’ Roundtable 3 
Socioeconomic stabilization VISP Pilots 6 
PAPSIVI promotors 7 
Implementing partners IOM 26
Heartland 2 
TOTAL 159
Qualitative data collection took two months, starting on March 2022 and finishing in April 2022. All the 
members of the evaluating team were be involved in virtual and on-site application of protocols. These 
were also tested before fieldwork to make the necessary adjustments.
QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS 
With the consent of interviewees, we recorded the audio of all interviews and transcribed them 
verbatim, with the support of MEL activity assessment component. These transcriptions were classified 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 354
into a register and follow-up matrix with the next attributes: national/local level, type of qualitative 
instrument (individual or group interview), type of informant (institutional, non-institutional, IP), 
municipality and department. These helped us to emphasize the analysis on these different 
characteristics and to contrast different perspectives, as needed. 
The content of the transcriptions passed through a two-stage process of qualitative analysis. For the first 
stage, with the support of a team of five analysts and the MEL activity assessment component, we 
applied a codebook of 96 categories based on the same analytical categories and sub-categories defined 
in the evaluation design matrix. In detail, using the specialized software N-VIVO 12, we classified 
relevant fragments of transcriptions according to these predefined categories, in order to organize the 
different perceptions and opinions of all key informants into “boxes” related to the relevant topics of 
analysis in each of the evaluation questions. In this way, this stage of analysis allowed us to conduct a 
first level of triangulation of data, joining and contrasting the diverse voices of the relevant actors. The 
codification process was supervised by the qualitative methods specialist, who worked hand-in-hand 
with the MEL activity assessment team for the capacitation of the analysis team, the testing of the 
codebook categories, the definition of codification products and the realization of supervision meetings 
for solving doubts. 
After applying the codebook categories to transcriptions, we conducted a second stage of analysis based 
on a qualitative thematic analysis. Whilst the first coding process applied a deductive approach based on 
predefined categories, the second stage applied an inductive approach, permitting the emergence of 
themes that expose the singularities within the categories of interest. This process allowed us to 
establish hierarchies, relations, contradictions, and to identify processes between recurrent themes or 
patterns in the experiences of participants. At this stage, we also used qualitative data visualizations 
techniques -using Nvivo 12 and T-LAB software- to complement and support the thematic analysis 
process. Thus, the second stage of analysis enabled us to give account of the complexity and the 
different relations inside the collected data142. 
The following table describes the type of data visualizations used:
TABLE 44. TYPE OF DATA VISUALIZATIONS CARRIED OUT
TYPE DEFINITION
Word Clouds It presents the most frequent words among the processed textual data (documents or 
categories) in order to understand the most relevant lexical units or concepts for a group 
of actors, cases or particular categories.
Stacked Bar Charts It presents the number of mentions by selected categories or subcategories, allowing to 
identify the degree of importance that particular actors or groups give to certain topics.
Radial Diagram It allows the identification of differences between various types of actors with respect to 
previously defined categories or subcategories.
Sentiment Analysis Sentiment analysis is an automated process based on natural language recognition using a 
predefined scoring system. Each word containing sentiment has a predefined score. Each 
142 Bra Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. 
Nowell, L., Norris, J., White, D., and Moules, N. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. 
International Journal of Qualitative Research. Volume 16, No. 1.
355 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 44. TYPE OF DATA VISUALIZATIONS CARRIED OUT
TYPE DEFINITION
sentiment code represents a rank on a Likert-type scale (Very positive, moderately 
positive, moderately negative, very negative). 
The score of each word determines the sentiment code with which it is coded. 
Word scores can change if they are preceded by a modifier (e.g., more or something) that 
intensifies the sentiment. 
Words with a score that falls within the neutral range are not coded.
Word associations Allows to observe the co-occurrence and similarity relationships that determine the local 
meaning of the selected keywords. The associations can be expressed by means of radial 
diagrams where the proportional distances are observed according to the degree of 
association of the words with respect to the central lexical unit.
Sequence Analysis It allows to graphically organize the word associations of a central term or concept by 
considering the positions of the various lexical units in relation to each other. It shows in 
blue the lexical units preceding and in orange the lexical units following the selected 
keyword. The proximity between key words is represented graphically by the thickness of 
the arrows connecting them. The words with a larger size represent the dominant lexical 
units in the corpus, i.e., those with the highest repetition. 
Finally, the themes identified through the second stage of analysis was triangulated with quantitative 
findings and document review into a triangulation matrix. This tool helped us to organize evidence and 
to formulate a first version of evaluation findings, conclusions and recommendations. 
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
According to USAID’s Common General Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (ADS Chapter 
200143), the qualitative component of this performance evaluation can be classified as an Operations 
research or service delivery research, as its main purpose is to understand the functioning, efficiency and 
effectiveness of a given intervention. In our particular case, our qualitative research design was built to 
delve into the strengths, achievements, difficulties and learned lessons derived from VISP’s functioning 
and its main results, particularly, at strengthening Colombian institutions for an adequate implementation 
of the public policy for victims of the armed conflict.
Although, the emphasis of qualitative recollection of data was focused on the implementing partner (23 
interviews) and institutional actors (93 interviews), we also carried out an important number of semi￾structured interviews with non-institutional actors (43 interviews); a group composed by victims 
representatives (at the municipal and national roundtables), ethnic authorities, victims who received 
rehabilitation services, PAPSIVI promoters, victims organizations benefited with productive projects and 
people involved in the CAM implementation. Our purpose for including these key informants was to 
assess and contrast VISP’s strengthening results with the target population of the public policy for 
victims, that is, the victims themselves. However, as our qualitative fieldwork implied working with 
persons in vulnerable conditions, special ethical guidelines had to be considered.
143 USAID (2006) Protection of Human Subjects in Research Supported by USAID. A Mandatory Reference for ADS Chapter 
200
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 356
Throughout the recollection and analysis of qualitative data we permanently took into account the basic 
ethical principles for the protection of human subjects of research, as stated at the Belmont Report144; 
these guidelines are the following: respect, as we strived for recognizing the autonomy of our informants 
as individuals capable of deliberating and making choices according to their personal goals within the 
frame of our research; beneficence, as we adopted the obligation of doing no harm, minimizing risks of 
such harm and maximizing well-being of key informants during the evaluation process; justice, as we 
avoided imposing unduly burdens on informants and we also adopted differential treatments according 
to their particular necessities, in order to aim for equity treatment. Below we explain the main ways we 
materialized these ethical principles:
• In order to respect victims’ intimacy and establishing trust with them, we identified potential 
interviewees through the national and regional offices of the implementing partner. Thus, first 
contact was made by IOM officials, and just then, when the potential informants agreed on being 
contacted, we proceeded to schedule with them the corresponding interview. 
• During fieldwork, interviews were scheduled in secure and comfortable places. Most of the semi￾structured interviews were applied in hotel auditoriums and mayor’s and disposed for meetings, 
always ensuring the privacy, confidentiality and comfort of the participants. Also, as many of 
informants had to travel in order to get to these places, we covered their transport costs. 
• We strived for informed consent with all participants, understanding this not as the mere consent 
form, but as a dialogue process that guarantees comprehension of the evaluation process. Thus, 
before interviews we took the necessary time for explaining the scope of the project, its objectives, 
its particular procedures and the use of the collected information. We also emphasized in the 
voluntariness of their participation.
• The semi-structured interview protocols for victims were carefully designed not to delve into 
potentially traumatic experiences of victimization within the armed conflict. In this sense, we 
avoided stablishing conversations on sensitive topics that could provoke harmful emotional 
activations. However, we also emphasized before starting the interviews, that participants were not 
under the obligation of taking about topics or situations that would make them uncomfortable. 
• The evaluation and the MEL activity teams guaranteed the confidentiality of the gathered information 
and the privacy of all informants. All audios, transcriptions, codification reports are under MELA’s 
supervision and will not be disclosed to other stakeholders. Also, these archives cannot be traced to 
any particular participant. Finally, in the evaluation report and its annexes all of the excerpts of 
interviews were treated to ensure anonymity.
3. TRIANGULATION STRATEGY
As stated above, we triangulated findings derived from the quantitative and qualitative components of 
the evaluation with the objective of enhancing the consistency of the results using several methods and 
sources of information145. This also permitted us to complement the strengths and limitations of each 
144 National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1979). The Belmont 
Report. United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
145 Arias (2000)
357 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
methodological approach. On the one hand, the quantitative component provided evidence of the 
outcomes and elements to identify relations between them and the context. On the other hand, 
qualitative component provided an in-depth analysis and explanation of the empirical findings and the 
incidence of the context in VISP contributions, achievements, limitations, and difficulties. Analogously, 
qualitative findings also provided statistical validation in the quantitative results. For instance, through 
the qualitative analysis, the team obtained some findings towards answering the evaluation questions, 
and these findings were quantified and deemed significant with the results from the empirical strategy. 
Triangulation took place at the following moments of the evaluation:
• Methodological design: The evaluation design allows triangulation between the quantitative and 
the qualitative components, instruments, actors, sources of information, and analysis methods. The 
possibilities of triangulation are shown in the evaluation design matrix. 
• Sample design: We also conducted triangulation across sources of information, including across: i) 
the three levels of territorial analysis: national, departmental, and municipal, ii) regions, in terms of 
the context of the selected departments and municipalities, and iii) type of actors (institutional, non￾institutional and IP, at both the national and local levels).
• Instruments design: The instrument design allowed triangulation as different informants shared 
their perceptions and opinions related to the same topics. The instruments were designed to 
capture the differences in actor’s opinions and perceptions.
• Data collection: The information from secondary sources enhanced the triangulation between 
primary sources. For instance, the initial document review evidences the difference in perspectives 
between actors in topics related to the evaluation questions. 
• Analysis: Based on the evaluation design matrix, the codebook categories, and the thematic 
analysis, the findings derived from all sources of information were integrated. 
We also carried out triangulation activities as:
− Comparing the information gathered in interviews with the information registered in VISP work 
plans and quarterly reports, institutional and non-institutional documents, and academic studies. 
− Comparing the data from secondary sources with data provided in the interviews (when 
applicable). 
− Comparing field diaries with the descriptive reports that the “transcription” and codification team 
elaborated. 
− Carrying out work sessions to present, discuss and integrate results stemming from both the 
quantitative and qualitative methodologies.
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 358
ANNEX E – INSTRUMENTS
1. QUALITATIVE INSTRUMENTS
INSTITUCIONALIDAD NACIONAL
Introducción 
(para todos los 
protocolos)
¡Bienvenido/a!
Para nosotrxs como equipo consultor resulta muy valiosa su disposición para estar en este espacio. Hoy 
queremos conversar con usted sobre unos temas muy puntuales relacionados con el Programa de 
Apoyo Institucional para las Víctimas -VISP, financiado por USAID e implementado por OIM. En 
específico quisiéramos dialogar sobre cómo las acciones de este programa fortalecieron (o no) el trabajo 
institucional de la entidad en la que usted se desempeña (reemplazar según sea el caso, UARIV, CNMH, 
MinSalud, etc.). Esperamos poder comprender mejor el apoyo recibido y saber cuáles fueron las 
principales contribuciones, logros, retos, dificultades y aprendizajes. 
Es importante señalar que lo que charlemos en este espacio es de carácter confidencial, su información 
personal no será revelada bajo ninguna circunstancia y lo que hablemos será tratado exclusivamente para 
fines investigativos.
¿Tiene preguntas o inquietudes sobre lo que le acabamos de contar? (RESPONDER TODAS LAS 
PREGUNTAS HASTA QUE EL/LA ENTREVISTADO/A MANIFIESTE QUE ENTIENDE Y TIENE 
CLARIDAD SOBRE EL PROCESO)
Queremos ahora preguntarle dos cosas puntuales: 1. ¿Está de acuerdo con realizar la entrevista? 2. ¿Está 
de acuerdo con que grabemos la sesión para luego poder analizarla con cuidado? (recordar términos de 
confidencialidad y anonimato). 
359 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
UARIV
INSTRUMENTO #1: REGISTRO Y APOYO OPERATIVO
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance 
and service provision 
towards Victims? What 
were the main successes 
and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening? 
Registro ¿Cuáles fueron los apoyos más estratégicos del apoyo VISP al montaje de sistemas de información para el 
funcionamiento operativo de la Unidad? 
¿Cuál era la situación en temas de registro de la población Víctima antes del desarrollo de los sistemas de Información 
apoyados por VISP y cuál es la situación actualmente?
¿De qué manera mejoró el apoyo a la operación de los sistemas la atención a la población víctima?
Desde su perspectiva, ¿a nivel territorial existe una adecuada apropiación y uso de los sistemas de información 
apoyados por VISP?
¿Cómo ha incidido el desarrollo de estos sistemas de información en la implementación de la Ley de víctimas y 
particularmente en los procesos de planeación, seguimiento y monitoreo de la Unidad? 
¿Cuáles son los principales desafíos que enfrentan actualmente los sistemas de información en aspectos como su uso 
efectivo o la calidad de la información registrada? (cambios de personal) 
Teniendo en cuenta los desafíos mencionados ¿Hacia que acciones o desarrollos estratégicos dirigiría nuevos recursos 
de cooperación internacional en materia de registro y sistemas de información?
Apoyo operativo ¿Cómo incidieron los apoyos dados por VISP en el mejoramiento de los servicios ofrecidos por la Unidad en cuanto a 
procesos administrativos -por ejemplo, el diseño y ajuste de estructuras organizacionales, la planeación estratégica, la 
defensa jurídica y los procesos de gestión de calidad? 
¿Qué desafíos existieron en la apropiación de estos apoyos operativos?
¿Cómo incidió el apoyo de VISP en el acceso de las víctimas a esquemas de asistencia y servicios, para la consolidación 
de un esquema de coordinación horizontal entre la UARIV y otras entidades del nivel nacional? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron o se presentan todavía en materia de coordinación con otras entidades del gobierno?
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo
¿Cuál considera ha sido el impacto del apoyo de VISP en el desarrollo e implementación de estrategias de seguimiento, 
monitoreo y evaluación para el trabajo de la Unidad?
¿Qué retos o desafíos se han presentado en la incorporación de estas herramientas de seguimiento? 
¿De qué forma incidió el apoyo de VISP en los procesos de rendición de cuentas en favor de las víctimas?
Pandemia Covid-19 ¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 360
INSTRUMENTO #1: REGISTRO Y APOYO OPERATIVO
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas por VISP en la 
unidad?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y 
reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? (desarrollo de qué proyectos o 
normativa, implementación de qué proyectos existentes, articulación entre qué actores)
INSTRUMENTO #2: REHABILITACIÓN PSICOSOCIAL
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance 
and service provision 
towards Victims? What 
were the main successes 
and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
3. To what extent have 
VISP-funded interventions 
increased access to physical 
EREG ¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP en la implementación de la EREG? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnicos-lineamientos-orientaciones metodológicas?
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de fortalecimiento al talento humano en el marco de la 
EREG? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy la EREG? 
Acceso a EREG ¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP considera que han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la atención psicosocial 
de la EREG? 
¿Qué brechas enfrentan los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a la EREG?
Entrelazando ¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP en la implementación de Entrelazando? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnicos-lineamientos-orientaciones metodológicas?
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de fortalecimiento al talento humano en el marco de 
Entrelanzando?
361 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #2: REHABILITACIÓN PSICOSOCIAL
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have 
been the main factors that 
contributed to 
improvement or that 
delayed access to these 
services?
4. What are the main 
strengths and weaknesses 
of the “Community Agent 
Model”? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy Entrelazando? 
Acceso 
Entrelazando 
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP considera que han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas en la estrategia 
Entrelazando? 
¿Qué brechas enfrentan los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a Entrelazando?
Colectiva étnica ¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP en la implementación de acciones de atención psicosocial con 
enfoque étnico? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnicos-lineamientos-orientaciones metodológicas?
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de fortalecimiento al talento humano para la atención 
psicosocial con enfoque étnico? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación psicosocial con enfoque étnico? 
Acceso a 
rehabilitación 
colectiva étnica
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP considera que han facilitado el acceso de comunidades étnicas a la rehabilitación 
psicosocial? 
¿Qué brechas enfrentan los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a la rehabilitación física basada en la 
comunidad?
Acciones focales ¿Qué otras acciones psicosociales dirigidas a población víctima del conflicto ha apoyado VISP en su entidad?
Adopción de 
principios CAM en 
Entrelazando 
¿En qué medida los modelos “Community Agent Model” o de rehabilitación basada en la comunidad se han incorporado 
a la oferta de la Unidad para las Víctimas? 
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y 
reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? (desarrollo de qué proyectos o 
normativa, implementación de qué proyectos existentes, articulación entre qué actores)
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 362
INSTRUMENTO #3: OTRAS MEDIDAS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance 
and service provision 
towards Victims? What 
were the main successes 
and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
Indemnización ¿Qué acciones desarrolladas en el marco de VISP considera que tuvieron un impacto positivo en el acceso de personas 
víctimas a indemnización? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron con respecto a este apoyo en procesos de indemnización?
¿Cuáles son los logros y retos de esquemas de acompañamiento a la indemnización, como el trabajado con VISP?
¿Qué se puede hacer para que las indemnizaciones tengan un impacto en la sostenibilidad económica de las víctimas?
Retorno y 
reubicación
¿Qué acciones en el marco de VISP, tuvieron un impacto positivo en los procesos de retorno y reubicación de víctimas?
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso?
Reparación 
colectiva
¿Qué apoyos del programa VISP tuvieron un especial impacto positivo en materia de reparación colectiva?
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso?
Reparations School ¿Qué apoyos del programa VISP tuvieron un especial impacto positivo respecto a la escuela de reparaciones 
(Reparations School)? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso? 
¿Por qué se acabó la escuela de reparaciones?
Medidas de 
satisfacción
¿Cuáles fueron los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP al trabajo de la UARIV en materia de reparación simbólica de las 
comunidades afectadas por el conflicto armado en Colombia?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y 
reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? (desarrollo de qué proyectos o 
normativa, implementación de qué proyectos existentes, articulación entre qué actores)
363 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #4: ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL, PARTICIPACIÓN Y OTROS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
Participación ¿Cuáles fueron los principales apoyos de VISP a los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el marco de la 
Ley 1448?
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP respecto al apoyo a la participación?
Enfoque diferencial ¿Cómo apoyó VISP la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales en su entidad? (preguntar por formación, 
protocolos, trabajo con organizaciones)
¿Cómo ha impactado la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales los procesos de atención a las personas víctimas 
desde su entidad?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando el enfoque diferencial en la atención a las personas víctimas del 
conflicto desde su entidad?
Descentralización ¿Cuáles han sido los logros y desafíos del apoyo de VISP a la descentralización del trabajo de la Unidad? 
¿De qué manera ha incidido la Unidad con el apoyo d VISP en incluir el tema de víctimas en la planeación nacional y 
territorial? 
¿Cómo ha impactado esto la atención a personas víctimas en el territorio? 
Comunicaciones ¿Qué impactos generó VISP, en su apoyo a las diferentes estrategias de comunicación de la UARIV? 
¿Qué contribuciones aportó VISP a la divulgación y socialización de la ley de víctimas en el país? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta la UARIV con respecto al manejo de sus comunicaciones? 
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la 
atención y reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus 
resultados y avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? (desarrollo de qué proyectos 
o normativa, implementación de qué proyectos existentes, articulación entre qué actores)
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 364
INSTRUMENTO #5: SOSTENIBILIDAD DE APOYO VISP
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
2. What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP￾supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results?
Capacidad técnica, 
fiscal y sostenibilidad 
rural
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que la UARIV pueda sostener hacia el futuro los 
resultados conseguidos con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta la Unidad para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular en zonas rurales?
Compromiso 
político
¿Cómo cree que ha incidido el compromiso político de la institucionalidad en garantizar la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP? 
 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y del Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo ¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
Participación 
ciudadana
¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto en la participación ciudadana de acuerdo con los resultados alcanzados por la 
entidad con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y las garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo 
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
obtenidos por la Unidad para las Víctimas apoyada por VISP?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y 
reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? (desarrollo de qué proyectos o 
normativa, implementación de qué proyectos existentes, articulación entre qué actores)
365 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #6: ACUERDOS DE PAZ Y RELACIONAMIENTO
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
7. What were the main results 
and lessons learned of the VISP 
institutional and technical 
adaptation strategy to support the 
Peace Accord implementation? 
What challenges does USAID still 
face on peace accord victim’s 
interventions?
Reparación en el marco 
del acuerdo
¿Cuáles son los resultados del apoyo de VISP al componente de reparación del Acuerdo Final, 
especialmente sobre la puesta en marcha del Plan Nacional de Rehabilitación?
¿Qué desafíos tiene la continuidad del apoyo de la cooperación internacional en la implementación del 
componente de reparación? 
Ajustes institucionales 
para el SIP
¿Cuáles fueron los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP a la Unidad para las Víctimas para proveer insumos para 
las negociaciones de paz?
8. What were the main challenges, 
opportunities, and contributions 
of stakeholder engagement to 
achieve VISP results? What 
recommended improvements to 
future programming?
Relacionamiento ¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de acciones que se 
trabajaron conjuntamente con VISP? 
¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones 
derivadas del apoyo de VISP a la Unidad? 
¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), 
sector privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con 
la atención y reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus 
resultados y avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría 
continuar apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? (desarrollo 
de qué proyectos o normativa, implementación de qué proyectos existentes, articulación entre qué actores)
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 366
INSTRUMENTO #7 GENERACIÓN DE INGRESOS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
6. What have been the 
GOC actions, results, and 
lessons learned to improve 
the economic stability of 
the victims? Is there a need 
for USAID programming in 
this area?
Generación de 
ingresos
¿Qué acciones principales comprenden los programas de generación de ingresos para personas víctimas? (Están 
trabajando en una ruta de articulación, ¿cómo es? 
¿qué articulaciones están trabajando, por ejemplo, en el marco de la RRI, y ahora, con la Mesa Nacional de Generación 
de Ingresos, Asociatividad y Comercialización, la Mesa Equidad, ART, sector privado, MT y SENA en temas de 
generación de ingresos? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles considera son los principales avances y logros de los programas para la generación de ingresos de personas 
víctimas? 
¿Cuáles han sido las dos principales dificultades y limitaciones en el diseño e implementación de los programas de 
generación de ingresos de personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales retos para la sostenibilidad de los resultados conseguidos hasta el momento en generación 
de ingresos para las víctimas?
Los números muestran que el emprendimiento no está contribuyendo a la superación de la situación de vulnerabilidad, 
¿qué se puede hacer al respecto?
¿Qué se puede hacer para que las indemnizaciones tengan un impacto en la sostenibilidad económica de las víctimas?
¿Puede contarme sobre el Índice Global de Restablecimiento Socioeconómico?
¿Puede contarme sobre la “ruta de articulación institucional de potenciales beneficiarios?
¿Qué apoyos de la cooperación internacional considera que serían útiles para avanzar en la generación de ingresos para 
las víctimas? 
Empleabilidad ¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
 
¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades y limitaciones que enfrentan los programas de empleabilidad en personas 
víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque diferencial, impacto real) 
 
¿Qué estrategias deberían incluirse o qué áreas deben fortalecerse en los programas para la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas? 
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando para avanzar en la empleabilidad de las víctimas?
367 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #7 GENERACIÓN DE INGRESOS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y 
reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? (desarrollo de qué proyectos o 
normativa, implementación de qué proyectos existentes, articulación entre qué actores)
CNMH
INSTRUMENTO #1 – CONSTRUCCIÓN DE MEMORIA Y ENFOQUES TRANSVERSALES
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance 
and service provision 
towards Victims? What 
were the main successes 
and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
Memoria histórica y 
reparación 
simbólica
¿En general, cómo valora los aportes del programa VISP a la construcción de memoria histórica en Colombia? 
¿Cómo fortaleció el programa VISP la construcción y difusión de la memoria histórica en el contexto local y regional?
¿Cómo contribuyó VISP a los procesos de reparación simbólica de las comunidades afectadas por el conflicto armado 
en Colombia?
Participación en 
1448
¿Cómo apoyó VISP los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el marco de la Ley 1448? 
¿Cuáles considera que fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP en materia de apoyo a la 
participación?
Enfoque diferencial ¿Cómo apoyó VISP la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales en su entidad? (preguntar por formación, protocolos, 
trabajo con organizaciones)
¿Cómo ha impactado la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales los procesos de atención a las personas víctimas 
desde su entidad?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando el enfoque diferencial en la atención a las personas víctimas del conflicto 
desde su entidad?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 368
INSTRUMENTO #1 – CONSTRUCCIÓN DE MEMORIA Y ENFOQUES TRANSVERSALES
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Comunicación LV ¿Qué impactos generó VISP en su apoyo a las diferentes estrategias de comunicación del CNMH ? 
¿Qué contribuciones aportó VISP a la divulgación y socialización de la ley de víctimas en el país?
8. What were the main 
challenges, opportunities, 
and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to 
achieve VISP results? What 
recommended 
improvements to future 
programming? 
Relacionamiento ¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones realizadas con el apoyo 
de VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron los diferentes actores? 
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación desarrolladas con el apoyo 
del programa VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron los diferentes actores?
*Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), sector 
privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con estos actores?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? 
INSTRUMENTO #2: APOYO TÉCNICO Y OPERATIVO
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What were 
the main successes and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening and public 
policy interventions?
Apoyo operativo ¿Cuáles han sido los impactos más estratégicos del apoyo operativo de VISP al CNMH en procesos 
administrativos -por ejemplo, en el diseño y ajuste de estructuras organizacionales, la planeación estratégica 
y los procesos de gestión de calidad? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en el trabajo articulado con VISP?
¿Cuáles han sido los logros y desafíos del apoyo de VISP para la consolidación de un esquema de 
coordinación horizontal entre el CNMH y otras entidades de nivel nacional? 
Descentralización ¿Cuáles han sido los logros y desafíos del apoyo de VISP a la descentralización del trabajo del CNMH? 
¿Cómo ha impactado esto la atención a personas víctimas en el territorio? 
369 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #2: APOYO TÉCNICO Y OPERATIVO
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo
¿Cuáles han sido los principales impactos del apoyo VISP en el desarrollo e implementación de estrategias de 
seguimiento, monitoreo y evaluación del CNMH? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso?
Efectos de 
pandemia 
COVID-19
¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP? 
 ¿En general, qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones 
apoyadas por VISP?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría 
continuar apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? 
INSTRUMENTO #3: SOSTENIBILIDAD DEL APOYO VISP
PREGUNTAS DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICAS PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
2. What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP- supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results? 
Capacidad técnica, 
fiscal y 
sostenibilidad rural
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda proyectar hacia el futuro los 
resultados obtenidos con el apoyo de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de políticas? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular en las 
zonas rurales?
Compromiso 
político
¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político de la institucionalidad en garantizar la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y del Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo ¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
Participación 
ciudadana
¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados con apoyo de VISP en 
entidad? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y las garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 370
INSTRUMENTO #3: SOSTENIBILIDAD DEL APOYO VISP
PREGUNTAS DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICAS PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo 
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? 
MINISTERIO DE SALUD
INSTRUMENTO #1 - PAPSIVI Y ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1 PAPSIVI ¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP la implementación del PAPSIVI? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnico-lineamientos-orientaciones metodológicas?
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en contacto directo 
con víctimas? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy el PAPSIVI? 
3 Acceso PAPSIVI ¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP considera que han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la atención psicosocial del 
PAPSIVI?
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas al componente de salud de PAPSIVI?
¿Qué brechas existen aún entre los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder al PAPSIVI?
4 Adopción del CAM en 
PAPSIVI
¿En qué medida se ha incorporado el modelo de rehabilitación basada en la comunidad o “community agent model” en el 
funcionamiento del PAPSIVI? 
1 Enfoque diferencial ¿Cómo apoyó VISP la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales en el Ministerio de Salud? (preguntar por formación, 
protocolos, trabajo con organizaciones)
¿Qué acciones apoyó VISP con organizaciones de personas víctimas en materia de enfoque diferencial?
371 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1 - PAPSIVI Y ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Cómo ha impactado la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales los procesos de atención a las personas víctimas?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando el enfoque diferencial en la atención a las personas víctimas del conflicto?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y 
reparación integral a las víctimas?
¿Cuáles han sido los más grandes logros, así como dificultades en la implementación de los apoyos de VISP para la 
rehabilitación psicosocial de las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar apoyando la 
implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? 
INSTRUMENTO #2 – REHABILITACIÓN FÍSICA
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1 R. Física 
individual
¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP la implementación de acciones para la rehabilitación física? 
¿Cómo se ha dado la implementación de estos desarrollos técnicos en los servicios de rehabilitación? 
(Si la persona no lo refiere, pregunte la diferencia entre los servicios de mediana-alta complejidad y los de baja complejidad)
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en contacto directo con 
víctimas? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación física individuales para personas víctimas? 
3 Acceso a 
rehabilitación 
física
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP considera que han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la rehabilitación física individual?
¿Existen diferencias en el acceso a servicios de rehabilitación de alta y mediana complejidad, frente al acceso a servicios de 
rehabilitación de baja complejidad?
¿Qué brechas existen entre los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a la rehabilitación física individual?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 372
INSTRUMENTO #2 – REHABILITACIÓN FÍSICA
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
1 Enfoque 
diferencial
¿Cómo apoyó VISP la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales en su entidad? (preguntar por formación, protocolos, trabajo con 
organizaciones) 
¿Cómo ha impactado la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales los procesos de atención a las personas víctimas desde su 
entidad?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando el enfoque diferencial en la atención a las personas víctimas del conflicto desde su 
entidad?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y reparación 
integral a las víctimas?
¿Cuáles han sido los más grandes logros, así como dificultades en la implementación de los apoyos de VISP para la rehabilitación 
física de las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar apoyando la 
implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? 
INSTRUMENTO #3 – SOSTENIBILIDAD DE APOYO VISP
PREGUNTAS 
DE
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICAS PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
2 Capacidad técnica, 
fiscal y sostenibilidad 
rural
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el Gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener hacia el futuro los 
resultados de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de políticas? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular en zonas rurales?
2 Compromiso político ¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político de la institucionalidad en garantizar la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados con el 
apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
373 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #3 – SOSTENIBILIDAD DE APOYO VISP
PREGUNTAS 
DE
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICAS PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
2 Marco normativo ¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP? Especialmente 
en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
2 Participación 
ciudadana
¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados con apoyo de VISP en entidad? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
2 Seguimiento y 
monitoreo 
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y reparación 
integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y avanzar en 
la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar apoyando la 
implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? 
INSTRUMENTO #4 – DESCENTRALIZACIÓN, MONITOREO Y RELACIONAMIENTO
PREGUNTAS 
DE
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICAS PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1 Descentralización En su línea de fortalecimiento institucional ¿Cómo aportó VISP a la descentralización de la política pública para las víctimas en lo 
correspondiente al Ministerio de Salud? 
¿De qué manera este apoyo impactó la atención a personas víctimas en el territorio? 
¿Cuáles considera que son las principales contribuciones de VISP al fortalecimiento técnico de las entidades territoriales para la 
implementación de la atención en rehabilitación?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 374
INSTRUMENTO #4 – DESCENTRALIZACIÓN, MONITOREO Y RELACIONAMIENTO
1 Seguimiento y 
monitoreo
¿Cuál es el impacto de VISP en el desarrollo e implementación de estrategias de seguimiento, monitoreo y evaluación respecto de la 
provisión de atención y el acceso a servicios de salud por parte de las víctimas?
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso?
¿De qué forma incidió el apoyo de VISP en sus procesos de rendición de cuentas respecto de la oferta institucional del Ministerio en 
favor de las víctimas?
1 Efectos pandemia ¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su entidad? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su entidad?
8 Relacionamiento ¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa VISP? ¿Cómo 
contribuyeron? 
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa VISP? ¿Cómo 
contribuyeron?
Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), sector privado, ONGs e 
instituciones a nivel nacional y local 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con estos actores?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y reparación 
integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y avanzar en la 
atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar apoyando la 
implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? 
MINISTERIO DEL INTERIOR
INSTRUMENTO #1 – FORTALECIMIENTO A LEY DE VÍCTIMAS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
1.To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
375 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1 – FORTALECIMIENTO A LEY DE VÍCTIMAS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance 
and service provision 
towards Victims? What 
were the main successes 
and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
Participación en el 
marco de la LV
¿Cómo apoyó VISP los procesos de participación efectiva de las víctimas en el marco de la Ley 1448? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP en materia de apoyo a la participación?
Otras medidas de 
Reparación 
¿Qué acciones de fortalecimiento institucional en formulación e implementación de políticas, desarrolladas en el marco 
de VISP, tuvieron un impacto positivo en los procesos de retorno y reubicación de víctimas? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso?
¿Qué acciones de fortalecimiento institucional en formulación e implementación de políticas, desarrolladas con el apoyo 
de VISP, tuvieron un impacto positivo en materia de reparación colectiva? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso respecto a la implementación de dichas acciones?
Inclusión del 
Enfoque diferencial
¿Cómo apoyó VISP la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales entre los funcionarios de su entidad? preguntar por 
formación, protocolos, trabajo con organizaciones).
¿Cómo ha impactado la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales los procesos de atención a las personas víctimas?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando la perspectiva diferencial en la atención a las personas víctimas del 
conflicto desde su entidad?
Rehabilitación 
psicosocial
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en contacto 
directo con víctimas? 
¿Qué otras acciones psicosociales dirigidas a población víctima del conflicto ha apoyado VISP en su entidad?
Descentralización 
de la LV
En su línea de fortalecimiento institucional ¿Cómo aportó VISP a la descentralización de la política pública para las 
víctimas? 
¿De qué manera este apoyo impactó la atención a personas víctimas en el territorio? 
¿Cuáles considera que fueron las principales contribuciones de VISP al fortalecimiento técnico de las entidades 
territoriales/oficinas regionales para la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas?
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo
¿Cuáles han sido los principales impactos del apoyo de VISP en el desarrollo e implementación de estrategias de 
seguimiento, monitoreo y evaluación con respecto a la atención y el acceso a servicios por parte de las víctimas? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso? 
¿De qué forma el apoyo de VISP a las entidades públicas incidió en sus procesos de rendición de cuentas respecto de la 
oferta institucional en favor de las víctimas?
Efectos de la 
Pandemia COVID-
¿Qué cambios forzó la pandemia Covid-19 en la implementación de acciones apoyadas por VISP en su entidad? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 376
INSTRUMENTO #1 – FORTALECIMIENTO A LEY DE VÍCTIMAS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
19 sobre el 
programa 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su 
entidad?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia? 
INSTRUMENTO #2 - SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
2. What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP￾supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results? 
Capacidad técnica 
para la 
sostenibilidad, 
capacidad fiscal para 
la sostenibilidad
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el GoC pueda sostener hacia el futuro los resultados 
obtenidos con el apoyo VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de 
políticas? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular en las 
zonas rurales?
Compromiso 
político para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cómo el compromiso político de la institucionalidad ha sido un factor relevante para garantizar la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final? 
Marco normativo 
favorable para la 
sostenibilidad
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
Mantener 
participación de la 
ciudadanía
¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados por VISP en su entidad? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y las garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP?
377 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #2 - SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
 3.What were the main 
results and lessons learned 
of the VISP institutional and 
technical adaptation 
strategy to support the 
Peace Accord 
implementation? What 
challenges does USAID still 
face on peace accord 
victim’s interventions?
Apoyo al ejercicio 
de la defensa de los 
derechos humanos
¿Cuáles son los resultados del apoyo de VISP al componente de apoyo al ejercicio de la defensa de los derechos 
humanos del Acuerdo Final? 
¿Qué impactos ha generado el apoyo de VISP a las políticas de prevención y protección de los defensores y defensoras 
de derechos humanos?
4. What were the main 
challenges, opportunities, 
and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to 
achieve VISP results? 
Rol de las 
comunidades étnica, 
rol de las 
Organizaciones de 
víctimas (u 
organizaciones 
sociales) y rol de 
entidades del 
Gobierno Nacional
¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa VISP? 
¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa 
VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con estos actores? 
Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), sector 
privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
COMISIÓN PARA EL ESCLARECIMIENTO DE LA VERDAD
INSTRUMENTO #1 – APOYO PARA EL ACCESO A LA VERDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
7. What were the main 
results and lessons learned 
of the VISP institutional and 
technical adaptation 
Participación en el 
SIP
¿Cómo ha fortalecido VISP la participación de víctimas y organizaciones en el SIP? 
¿Cuáles han sido los logros y retos de VISP en la promoción y el fortalecimiento de la participación de las víctimas en el 
SIP?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 378
INSTRUMENTO #1 – APOYO PARA EL ACCESO A LA VERDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
strategy to support the 
Peace Accord 
implementation? 
Acceso a la verdad ¿Cuáles han sido los principales apoyos de VISP al funcionamiento de la Comisión de la Verdad? 
¿Cómo han contribuido los apoyos VISP a la CEV en garantizar el acceso a la verdad para las víctimas y la población 
colombiana? 
¿Cuáles son los principales desafíos o limitaciones del apoyo de VISP en materia de acceso a la verdad para las víctimas y 
la población colombiana?
Comunicación del 
Acuerdo
¿Qué impactos tuvo el apoyo de VISP a las estrategias de comunicación del SIP y de la CEV? 
¿Qué contribuciones aportó VISP a la divulgación y socialización de los Acuerdos de Paz? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta su entidad respecto la comunicación en torno a los Acuerdos y a la verdad? 
Ajustes 
institucionales para 
el SIP
¿Cuáles considera fueron los principales resultados del apoyo de VISP al ajuste institucional del Sistema Integral para la 
Paz?
¿Y los principales resultados del apoyo para la incorporación del enfoque psicosocial en el quehacer de la entidad y la 
operación del SIP? 
¿Cuáles son los principales resultados del apoyo de VISP al ajuste institucional del Sistema Integral para la Paz en su 
articulación con el SNARIV?
8. What were the main 
challenges, opportunities, 
and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to 
achieve VISP results? 
Rol de las 
comunidades étnica, 
rol de las 
Organizaciones de 
víctimas (u 
organizaciones 
sociales) y rol de 
entidades del 
Gobierno Nacional
¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa VISP en 
su entidad? ¿Cómo contribuyeron estos actores?
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa 
VISP en su entidad? ¿Cómo contribuyeron estos actores? 
 Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), 
sector privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con estos actores?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
379 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #2 - SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
¿Cómo ha sido el apoyo del programa VISP al funcionamiento y operación de la Comisión de la Verdad?
¿Cuáles han sido las principales contribuciones y retos de este apoyo?
1.To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation 
of public policies have contributed 
to improving the assistance and 
service provision towards Victims? 
What were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
Rehabilitación psicosocial ¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en 
contacto directo con víctimas? 
¿Qué otras acciones psicosociales dirigidas a población víctima del conflicto ha apoyado VISP en su 
entidad?
Efectos de la Pandemia 
COVID-19 sobre el 
programa 
¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP en 
su entidad? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas por 
VISP en su entidad?
2. What gaps and challenges do the 
GOC face to sustain VISP￾supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results? 
Capacidad técnica para la 
sostenibilidad, capacidad 
fiscal para la 
sostenibilidad y 
sostenibilidad en zona 
rural dispersa
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener 
hacia el futuro los resultados obtenidos con apoyo de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e 
implementación de políticas? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en 
particular en las zonas rurales?
Compromiso político 
para la sostenibilidad
¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político de la institucionalidad en garantizar la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo 
favorable para la 
sostenibilidad
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados 
por VISP? Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
Mantener participación 
de la ciudadanía 
¿Cuál cree usted que ha sido el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados con el 
apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al 
futuro?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 380
INSTRUMENTO #2 - SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Seguimiento y monitoreo 
para la sostenibilidad
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría 
continuar apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
JURISDICCIÓN ESPECIAL PARA LA PAZ
INSTRUMENTO #1 FORTALECIMIENTO EN EL MARCO DEL ACUERDO DE PAZ
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
7. What were the main 
results and lessons learned 
of the VISP institutional and 
technical adaptation 
strategy to support the 
Peace Accord 
implementation?
Justicia ¿Cuáles han sido los principales apoyos de VISP al funcionamiento de la Jurisdicción Especial para la 
Paz? 
¿Qué logros y avances ha generado VISP en el cumplimiento de la misionalidad de la JEP? 
¿Cuáles son los principales desafíos o limitaciones que enfrentó el apoyo de VISP al trabajo de la JEP?
Participación en el 
SIP
¿Cómo ha fortalecido VISP la participación de víctimas y organizaciones en el marco del SIP? 
¿Cuáles han sido los principales logros y retos de VISP en la promoción y el fortalecimiento de la participación de las 
víctimas en el SIP?
Comunicación del 
Acuerdo
¿Qué impactos considera que generó el apoyo de VISP a las diferentes estrategias de comunicación del SIP y de la JEP?
¿Qué contribuciones aportó VISP a la divulgación y socialización del Acuerdo de Paz? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta su entidad respecto a las acciones comunicativas en torno al Acuerdo? 
Ajustes 
institucionales para 
el SIP
¿Cuáles son los resultados del apoyo de VISP a la incorporación de las premisas del enfoque psicosocial en el Sistema 
Integral para la Paz?
¿Cuáles son los resultados del apoyo de VISP al ajuste institucional del Sistema Integral para la Paz en su articulación con 
el SNARIV?
381 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1 FORTALECIMIENTO EN EL MARCO DEL ACUERDO DE PAZ
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
8. What were the main 
challenges, opportunities, 
and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to 
achieve VISP results? 
Rol de las 
comunidades étnica, 
rol de las 
Organizaciones de
víctimas (u 
organizaciones 
sociales) y rol de 
entidades del 
Gobierno Nacional
¿Cuáles considera que fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del 
programa VISP en su entidad? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa 
VISP en su entidad? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), sector 
privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con estos actores?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
INSTRUMENTO #2 - SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1.To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance 
and service provision 
towards Victims? What 
were the main successes 
and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
Rehabilitación 
psicosocial
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en contacto 
directo con víctimas? 
¿Qué otras acciones psicosociales dirigidas a población víctima del conflicto ha apoyado VISP en su entidad?
Efectos de la 
Pandemia COVID￾19 sobre el 
programa 
¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su entidad? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su 
entidad?
2. What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP￾Capacidad técnica 
para la 
sostenibilidad, 
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener hacia el futuro 
los resultados de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de políticas? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 382
UNIDAD DE BÚSQUEDA DE PERSONAS DADAS POR DESAPARECIDAS
INSTRUMENTO #2 - SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results? 
capacidad fiscal para 
la sostenibilidad y 
sostenibilidad en 
zona rural dispersa
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular en 
zonas rurales?
Compromiso 
político para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político de la institucionalidad en garantizar la sostenibilidad de los resultados
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo 
favorable para la 
sostenibilidad
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
Mantener 
participación de la 
ciudadanía
¿Cuál cree usted que ha sido el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de 
VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
 
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
INSTRUMENTO #3 – APOYO EN EL MARCO DEL ACUERDO
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
383 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #3 – APOYO EN EL MARCO DEL ACUERDO
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
7. What were the main 
results and lessons learned 
of the VISP institutional and 
technical adaptation 
strategy to support the 
Peace Accord 
implementation? 
Participación en el SIP ¿Cómo ha fortalecido VISP la participación de víctimas y organizaciones en el SIP? 
¿Cuáles han sido los principales logros y retos de VISP en la promoción y el fortalecimiento de la participación de 
las víctimas en el SIP?
Búsqueda humanitaria y 
extrajudicial
¿Cómo apoyó VISP a la UBPD en su conformación y entrada en funcionamiento? 
¿Cuáles han sido los avances y logros que ha enfrentado el programa en su apoyo a la búsqueda de las y los 
desaparecidos en Colombia? 
¿Cuáles son los principales desafíos o limitaciones que enfrentó el apoyo de VISP en la política para la búsqueda 
de las y los desaparecidos?
Comunicación del 
Acuerdo
¿Qué impactos generó VISP, en su apoyo a las diferentes estrategias de comunicación del SIP y de la 
Unidad? 
¿Qué contribuciones aportó VISP a la divulgación y socialización del Acuerdo de Paz? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta su entidad respecto a las acciones comunicativas en torno al Acuerdo? 
Ajustes institucionales 
para el SIP
¿Cuáles son los resultados del apoyo de VISP a la incorporación de las premisas del enfoque psicosocial en el 
Sistema Integral para la Paz?
¿Cuáles son los resultados del apoyo de VISP al ajuste institucional del Sistema Integral para la Paz en su 
articulación con el SNARIV?
8. What were the main 
challenges, opportunities, 
and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to 
achieve VISP results? 
Rol de las comunidades 
étnica, rol de las 
Organizaciones de 
víctimas (u organizaciones 
sociales) y rol de 
entidades del Gobierno 
Nacional 
¿Cuáles considera que fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del 
programa VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron?
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del 
programa VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con estos actores?
Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), sector 
privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 384
INSTRUMENTO #4 - SOSTENBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1.To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance 
and service provision 
towards Victims? What 
were the main successes 
and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
Rehabilitación 
psicosocial
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en contacto 
directo con víctimas? 
¿Qué otras acciones psicosociales dirigidas a personas víctimas ha apoyado VISP en la UBPD?
Efectos de la 
Pandemia COVID- 19 sobre el 
programa 
¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su entidad? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su 
entidad?
2. What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP￾supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results? 
Capacidad técnica 
para la 
sostenibilidad, 
capacidad fiscal para 
la sostenibilidad y 
sostenibilidad en 
zona rural dispersa
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el Gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener hacia el futuro 
los resultados de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de políticas? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular en 
zonas rurales?
Compromiso 
político para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político de la institucionalidad en garantizar la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo 
favorable para la 
sostenibilidad
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
Mantener 
participación de la 
ciudadanía 
¿Cuál cree usted que ha sido el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de 
VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
385 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #4 - SOSTENBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados por VISP?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
DEFENSORÍA
INSTRUMENTO #1 –SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
¿Cómo ha sido el apoyo del programa VISP al funcionamiento y operación de la Comisión de la Verdad?
¿Cuáles han sido las principales contribuciones y retos de este apoyo?
2. What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP￾supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results? 
Capacidad técnica 
para la 
sostenibilidad, 
capacidad fiscal para 
la sostenibilidad y 
sostenibilidad en 
zona rural dispersa
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener hacia el futuro 
los resultados obtenidos con apoyo de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de la LV y el 
acuerdo de paz? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular en las 
zonas rurales?
Compromiso 
político para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cómo ha afectado el compromiso político de la institucionalidad la implementación de los resultados alcanzados con 
apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo 
favorable para la 
sostenibilidad
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 386
INSTRUMENTO #1 –SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Mantener 
participación de la 
ciudadanía
¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados por VISP en su entidad? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP en su entidad?
8. What were the main 
challenges, opportunities, 
and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to 
achieve VISP results? 
Rol de las 
comunidades étnica, 
rol de las 
Organizaciones de 
víctimas (u 
organizaciones 
sociales) y rol de 
entidades del 
Gobierno Nacional
¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa VISP? 
¿Cómo contribuyeron?
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa 
VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), sector 
privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con diferentes actores?
INSTRUMENTO #2 – FORTALECIMIENTO INSTITUCIONAL
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
¿Cómo ha sido el apoyo del programa VISP al funcionamiento y operación de la Comisión de la Verdad?
¿Cuáles han sido las principales contribuciones y retos de este apoyo?
1.To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance 
Participación en el 
marco de la LV
¿Cómo apoyó VISP los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el marco de la Ley 1448? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP en materia de apoyo a la participación de las 
víctimas?
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo
¿De qué forma el apoyo de VISP a las entidades del Ministerio Público incidió en el debido seguimiento al cumplimiento 
de la Ley de Víctimas? 
387 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #2 – FORTALECIMIENTO INSTITUCIONAL
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
and service provision 
towards Victims? What 
were the main successes 
and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones? 
Acciones 
psicosociales
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en contacto 
directo con víctimas? 
¿Qué otras acciones psicosociales dirigidas a población víctima del conflicto ha apoyado VISP en su entidad?
Efectos de la 
Pandemia COVID￾19 sobre el 
programa 
¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su entidad? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su 
entidad?
8. What were the main 
challenges, opportunities, 
and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to 
achieve VISP results? 
Rol de las 
comunidades étnica, 
rol de las 
Organizaciones de 
víctimas (u 
organizaciones sociales) y rol de 
entidades del 
Gobierno Nacional
¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa VISP? 
¿Cómo contribuyeron?
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa 
VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
 Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), 
sector privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con diferentes actores?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención y 
reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
INSTRUMENTO #3 – GENERACIÓN DE INGRESOS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
6. What have been the 
GOC actions, results, and 
lessons learned to improve 
Generación de 
ingresos
¿Qué acciones principales comprenden los programas de generación de ingresos para personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 388
INSTRUMENTO #3 – GENERACIÓN DE INGRESOS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
the economic stability of 
the victims? Is there a need 
for USAID programming in 
this area? 
¿Cuáles son los principales avances y logros de los programas para la generación de ingresos de personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles han sido las principales dificultades y limitaciones en el diseño e implementación de los programas de 
generación de ingresos de personas víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque diferencial, 
impacto real) 
¿Cuáles son los principales retos para la sostenibilidad de los resultados conseguidos hasta el momento en generación 
de ingresos para las víctimas?
Empleabilidad ¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades y limitaciones que enfrentan los programas de empleabilidad en personas 
víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque diferencial, impacto real) 
¿Qué estrategias deberían incluirse o qué áreas deben fortalecerse en los programas para la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas? 
7. What were the main 
results and lessons learned 
of the VISP institutional and 
technical adaptation 
strategy to support the 
Peace Accord 
implementation? 
Apoyo al ejercicio 
de la defensa de los 
derechos humanos
¿Cuáles son los resultados del apoyo de VISP al componente de apoyo al ejercicio de la defensa de los derechos 
humanos del Acuerdo Final? 
¿Qué impactos ha generado el apoyo de VISP a las políticas de prevención y protección a los defensores y defensoras 
de derechos humanos?
Comunicación del 
Acuerdo
¿Qué impactos generó VISP, en su apoyo a las diferentes estrategias de comunicación del SIP, en su relación con su 
público objetivo? 
¿Qué contribuciones aportó VISP a la divulgación y socialización de los Acuerdos de Paz? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta su entidad respecto a las acciones comunicativas en torno a los Acuerdos? 
Ajustes 
institucionales para 
el SIP
¿Cuáles son los resultados del apoyo de VISP en los ajustes del marco normativo y de política de víctimas en relación 
con los acuerdos de paz?
Cierre En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
389 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
CONTRALORÍA
INSTRUMENTO #1 - SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1.To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo
¿Cómo apoyó VISP los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el marco de la Ley 1448? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP en materia de apoyo a la participación? 
Efectos de la 
Pandemia COVID￾19 sobre el 
programa 
¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su 
entidad? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar el apoyo de VISP a su entidad?
2. What gaps and challenges do the 
GOC face to sustain VISP-supported 
institutional strengthening and policy 
implementation results? 
Capacidad técnica 
para la 
sostenibilidad, 
capacidad fiscal para 
la sostenibilidad y 
sostenibilidad en 
zona rural dispersa
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener hacia 
el futuro los resultados obtenidos con apoyo de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e 
implementación de políticas? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en 
particular en las zonas rurales?
Compromiso 
político para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cómo ha afectado el compromiso político de la institucionalidad la implementación de los resultados 
alcanzados con apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo 
favorable para la 
sostenibilidad
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por 
VISP? Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
Mantener 
participación de la 
ciudadanía
¿Cuál cree usted que ha sido el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados por VISP en 
su entidad? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP en su entidad?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 390
INSTRUMENTO #2 –GENERACIÓN DE INGRESOS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
6. What have been the 
GOC actions, results, and 
lessons learned to improve 
the economic stability of 
the victims? Is there a need 
for USAID programming in 
this area? 
Generación de 
ingresos
¿Qué acciones principales comprenden los programas de generación de ingresos para personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales avances y logros de los programas para la generación de ingresos de personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles han sido las principales dificultades y limitaciones en el diseño e implementación de los programas de 
generación de ingresos de personas víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque diferencial, 
impacto real) 
¿Cuáles son los principales retos para la sostenibilidad de los resultados conseguidos hasta el momento en generación 
de ingresos para las víctimas?
Empleabilidad ¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades y limitaciones que enfrentan los programas de empleabilidad en personas 
víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque diferencial, impacto real) 
¿Qué estrategias deberían incluirse o qué áreas deben fortalecerse en los programas para la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas?
Cierre En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
391 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
PROCURADURÍA
INSTRUMENTO #1 - SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1.To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance 
and service provision 
towards Victims? What 
were the main successes 
and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
Participación en el 
marco de la LV
¿Cómo apoyó VISP los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el marco de la Ley 1448? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP en materia de apoyo a la participación? 
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo
¿De qué forma el apoyo de VISP a las entidades del Ministerio Público incidió en el debido seguimiento al cumplimiento 
de la Ley de Víctimas? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
Efectos de la 
Pandemia COVID￾19 sobre el 
programa 
¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su entidad? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas por VISP en su 
entidad?
2. What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP￾supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results? 
Capacidad técnica 
para la 
sostenibilidad, 
capacidad fiscal para 
la sostenibilidad y 
sostenibilidad en 
zona rural dispersa
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener hacia el futuro 
los resultados de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de políticas? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular en 
zonas rurales?
Compromiso 
político para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cómo ha afectado el compromiso político de la institucionalidad la implementación de los resultados alcanzados con 
apoyo de VISP?
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo 
favorable para la 
sostenibilidad
¿En qué medida la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP depende de la existencia de un marco normativo 
favorable, especialmente en relación con la de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Mantener 
participación de la 
ciudadanía
¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 392
INSTRUMENTO #1 - SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Seguimiento y 
monitoreo para la 
sostenibilidad
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP en su entidad?
INSTRUMENTO #2 – TEMA GENERACIÓN DE INGRESOS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
6. What have been the 
GOC actions, results, and 
lessons learned to improve 
the economic stability of 
the victims? Is there a need 
for USAID programming in 
this area? 
Generación de 
ingresos
¿Qué acciones principales comprenden los programas de generación de ingresos para personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales avances y logros de los programas para la generación de ingresos de personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles han sido las principales dificultades y limitaciones en el diseño e implementación de los programas de 
generación de ingresos de personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales retos para la sostenibilidad de los resultados conseguidos hasta el momento en generación 
de ingresos para las víctimas?
Empleabilidad ¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a 
víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades y limitaciones que enfrentan los programas de empleabilidad en personas 
víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque diferencial, impacto real) 
¿Qué estrategias deberían incluirse o qué áreas deben fortalecerse en los programas para la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas?
Cierre En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados y 
avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
393 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
ENTREVISTA: DPS
INSTRUMENTO #1 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por 
OIM
1.To what extent do VISP (1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) development and 
implementation of public policies have 
contributed to improving the assistance 
and service provision towards Victims? 
What were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
Otras medidas de 
Reparación 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales resultados del apoyo de VISP a DPS, en el programa Mi Negocio y 
otras áreas de apoyo brindado por el programa? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso?
6. What have been the GOC actions, 
results, and lessons learned to improve 
the economic stability of the victims? Is 
there a need for USAID programming in 
this area?
Generación de ingresos ¿Qué acciones principales comprenden los programas de generación de ingresos para personas 
víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales avances y logros de los programas para la generación de ingresos de 
personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles han sido las principales dificultades y limitaciones en el diseño e implementación de los 
programas de generación de ingresos de personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales retos para la sostenibilidad de los resultados conseguidos hasta el 
momento en generación de ingresos para las víctimas?
¿Qué apoyos de la cooperación internacional considera que serían útiles para avanzar en la 
generación de ingresos para las víctimas? 
* Buena parte de los beneficiarios de Mi Negocio son mujeres, cómo se ha logrado esto?
* Evaluaciones de Mi Negocio como la de IPA muestran que el programa es más exitoso en 
instalar la UP, que en asegurar su sostenibilidad. ¿Qué se necesita para esto? (mayor monto de 
capitalización, más acompañamiento?
* Qué fue lo más estratégico del trabajo con la organización Escalando Futuro?
* Parte de lo que se hizo con VISP en Mi Negocio fue reducir tiempo de acompañamiento a las 
UP. ¿Por qué?
* Mi Negocio es principalmente urbano, cómo llegar con programas similares a la zona rural 
dispersa? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 394
INSTRUMENTO #1 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
* Cómo se logró o no, introducir un componente de atención diferencial a víctimas dentro de Mi 
Negocio? por ejemplo, el tema de rehabilitación psicosocial cómo se trabajó? ¿qué más se 
trabajó? 
* Hay aspectos por mejorar en la focalización del programa?
* Además del apoyo a Mi Negocio y de los Pilotos VISP, qué otras acciones de VISP cree que 
pudieron tener algún impacto en generación de ingresos para las víctimas?
Empleabilidad ¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades y limitaciones que enfrentan los programas de 
empleabilidad en personas víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque 
diferencial, impacto real) 
¿Qué estrategias deberían incluirse o qué áreas deben fortalecerse en los programas para la 
empleabilidad de las víctimas? 
¿Qué apoyos de la cooperación internacional considera que serían útiles para avanzar en la 
empleabilidad de las víctimas? 
DNP
INSTRUMENTO #1 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
¿Qué papel ha jugado el DNP en la inclusión de los temas relacionados con personas víctimas en la planeación 
institucional tanto nacional como local?
2. What gaps and challenges 
do the GOC face to sustain 
VISP-supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results? 
Capacidad técnica para la 
sostenibilidad, capacidad 
fiscal para la 
sostenibilidad y 
sostenibilidad en zona 
rural dispersa
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales consideran necesarias para que el gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener hacia 
el futuro los resultados logrados con apoyo de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e 
implementación de políticas para las víctimas y la implementación del acuerdo de paz? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular 
en las zonas rurales?
395 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1 
Compromiso político 
para la sostenibilidad
¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político en su institución para garantizar la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo 
favorable para la 
sostenibilidad
¿En qué medida la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP depende de la existencia de un marco 
normativo favorable, especialmente en relación con la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Mantener participación 
de la ciudadanía
¿Cuál cree usted que ha sido el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
¿Cómo mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
Seguimiento y monitoreo 
para la sostenibilidad
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP?
Cierre En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus 
resultados y avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría 
continuar apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
MINTRABAJO – MINAGRICULTURA –MINCOMERCIO - DNP
INSTRUMENTO #1 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
6. What have been the 
GOC actions, results, and 
lessons learned to improve 
the economic stability of 
the victims? Is there a need 
for USAID programming in 
this area?
Empleabilidad ¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades y limitaciones que enfrentan los programas de empleabilidad en personas 
víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque diferencial, impacto real) 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 396
INSTRUMENTO #1 
Screen reader support 
enabled.
¿Qué estrategias deberían incluirse o qué áreas deben fortalecerse en los programas para la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas? 
¿Qué apoyos de la cooperación internacional considera que serían útiles para avanzar en la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas? 
ART
INSTRUMENTO #1 – PDETS Y ESTABILIZACIÓN ECONÓMICA DE LAS VÍCTIMAS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
7. What were the main 
results and lessons learned 
of the VISP institutional and 
technical adaptation 
strategy to support the 
Peace Accord 
implementation? What 
challenges does USAID still 
face on peace accord 
victim’s interventions?
Reparación – En 
Acuerdo de Paz
¿Cuáles son los principales resultados del apoyo de VISP al componente de reparación del Acuerdo Final, especialmente 
con respecto a la contribución de los PDETS a dicho componente? 
¿Qué desafíos tiene la continuidad del apoyo VISP en la implementación del componente de reparación?
Articulación con 
SNARIV
¿Cómo ha apoyado VISP a la articulación de la ART con el SNARIV y la Ley de Víctimas?
6. What have been the 
GOC actions, results, and 
lessons learned to improve 
the economic stability of 
the victims? Is there a need 
for USAID programming in 
this area? What should be 
the strategy of this 
programming? 
Generación de 
ingresos
¿Qué acciones comprenden los programas PDET de generación de ingresos para personas víctimas?
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral? 
¿Cuáles son los principales avances y logros de los programas PDET para la generación de ingresos de personas 
víctimas? 
¿Cuáles han las principales dificultades y limitaciones para los programas de generación de ingresos de personas 
víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales retos para la sostenibilidad de los resultados conseguidos en generación de ingresos para las 
víctimas? 
Empleabilidad ¿Qué conoce de los esfuerzos del Estado colombiano para apoyar la empleabilidad de las personas víctimas en 
Colombia? 
¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas para generar empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
397 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1 – PDETS Y ESTABILIZACIÓN ECONÓMICA DE LAS VÍCTIMAS
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades y limitaciones en los programas para generar empleabilidad en personas víctimas?
¿Qué estrategias deberían incluirse o qué áreas deben fortalecerse en los programas para la estabilización económica de 
las víctimas? 
SERVICIO PÚBLICO DE EMPLEO Y SENA
INSTRUMENTO #1 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1.To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? 
Otras medidas de 
Reparación 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales resultados del apoyo de VISP a su entidad? (indagar por el tema de incorporación 
de enfoque diferencial y trabajo con sector privado)
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
6. What have been the GOC actions, 
results, and lessons learned to 
improve the economic stability of the 
victims? Is there a need for USAID 
programming in this area?
Empleabilidad ¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades y limitaciones que enfrentan los programas de empleabilidad en personas 
víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque diferencial, impacto real) 
¿Qué estrategias deberían incluirse o qué áreas deben fortalecerse en los programas para la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas? 
¿Qué apoyos de la cooperación internacional considera que serían útiles para avanzar en la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 398
INSTITUCIONALIDAD TERRITORIAL
INSTRUMENTO #1: 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción (para 
todos los protocolos)
¡Bienvenido/a!
Para nosotrxs como equipo consultor resulta muy valiosa su disposición para estar en este espacio. Hoy queremos 
conversar con usted sobre unos temas muy puntuales relacionados con el Programa de Apoyo Institucional para las 
Víctimas -VISP, financiado por USAID e implementado por su organización, OIM. En específico quisiéramos dialogar 
sobre cómo las acciones de este programa fortalecieron (o no) el trabajo institucional de la entidad en la que usted 
se desempeña (reemplazar según sea el caso, UARIV, CNMH, MinSalud, etc.). Esperamos poder comprender mejor 
el apoyo recibido y saber cuáles fueron las principales contribuciones, logros, retos, dificultades y aprendizajes. 
Es importante señalar que lo que charlemos en este espacio es de carácter confidencial, su información personal no 
será revelada bajo ninguna circunstancia y lo que hablemos será tratado exclusivamente para fines investigativos.
¿Tiene preguntas o inquietudes sobre lo que le acabamos de contar? (RESPONDER TODAS LAS PREGUNTAS 
HASTA QUE EL/LA ENTREVISTADO/A MANIFIESTE QUE ENTIENDE Y TIENE CLARIDAD SOBRE EL 
PROCESO)
Queremos ahora preguntarle dos cosas puntuales: 1. ¿Está de acuerdo con realizar la entrevista? 2. ¿Está de acuerdo 
con que grabemos la sesión para luego poder analizarla con cuidado? (recordar términos de confidencialidad y 
anonimato). 
UARIV OFICINAS TERRITORIALES
INSTRUMENTO #1: DESCENTRALIZACIÓN LV Y MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and 
service provision towards 
Desconcentración LV 
¿Cuáles son las principales contribuciones de VISP al fortalecimiento técnico de las oficinas regionales de la UARIV 
para la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas? 
¿Cómo impactó este apoyo a las personas víctimas del conflicto armado?
¿De qué forma apoyó operativamente VISP a las oficinas regionales de la UARIV para la implementación de la Ley de 
Víctimas? 
¿Cómo impactó este apoyo a las personas víctimas del conflicto armado?
399 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1: DESCENTRALIZACIÓN LV Y MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Victims? What were the 
main successes and 
challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
3. To what extent have 
VISP-funded interventions 
increased access to physical 
and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have 
been the main factors that 
contributed to improvement 
or that delayed access to 
these services?
Registro ¿Esta oficina territorial de la UARIV recibió apoyo de VISP en actividades específicas para la implementación de 
sistemas de información? 
¿De qué manera mejoró la atención a población víctima el apoyo a la operación de los sistemas?
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta actualmente la UARIV relacionados con los sistemas de información?
Comunicación LV ¿Qué impactos generó VISP con el apoyo territorial a las estrategias de comunicación de la UARIV?
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta su entidad respecto a comunicar mejor la Ley de Víctimas? 
Rehabilitación ¿Cuáles de las siguientes estrategias de rehabilitación psicosocial apoyó VISP en este territorio?: 
EREG, Entrelazando y Rehabilitación colectiva étnica. 
A partir de lo anterior se realizan las siguientes preguntas para cada estrategia con presencia territorial: 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales apoyos de VISP a la implementación? 
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en contacto 
directo con víctimas en la estrategia EREG?
¿Qué acciones específicas apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a esta estrategia? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy la estrategia? 
¿Qué brechas enfrentan los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a esta estrategia?
¿Qué otras acciones psicosociales dirigidas a población víctima del conflicto ha apoyado VISP en su entidad? 
Otras medidas de 
reparación 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales impactos del fortalecimiento institucional de VISP en:
acceso de las personas víctimas a la indemnización
generación de ingresos
empleabilidad
reparación colectiva 
procesos de reparación simbólica de las comunidades afectadas por el conflicto armado en el territorio
la construcción y difusión de la memoria histórica de manera local y regional 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en la implementación de estas acciones?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 400
INSTRUMENTO #1: DESCENTRALIZACIÓN LV Y MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la 
atención y reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados 
y avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
INSTRUMENTO #2: ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL, PARTICIPACIÓN Y SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
8. What were the main challenges, 
opportunities, and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to achieve 
VISP results?
Rol organizaciones, 
entidades, comunidades. 
¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales y no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de 
las acciones del programa VISP en esta oficina territorial? ¿Cómo 
contribuyeron? 
*Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo 
otros programas de USAID y OIM), sector privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y 
local 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con estos actores?
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
2. What gaps and challenges do the 
GOC face to sustain VISP-supported 
Enfoque diferencial ¿Cómo apoyó VISP la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales en su entidad? (preguntar por 
formación, protocolos, trabajo con organizaciones)
¿Cómo ha impactado la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales en su entidad los procesos de 
atención a las personas víctimas?
¿Cuáles son los retos en su entidad para seguir incorporando el enfoque diferencial en la atención a las 
personas víctimas del conflicto?
Participación: LV, SIP y 
sostenibilidad.
¿Cuáles fueron los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP a los procesos de participación para las víctimas en 
el marco de la Ley 1448 en este territorio? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP en materia de apoyo a la 
participación en el marco de la LV? 
401 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #2: ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL, PARTICIPACIÓN Y SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
institutional strengthening and policy 
implementation results?
7. What were the main results and 
lessons learned of the VISP 
institutional and technical adaptation 
strategy to support the Peace Accord 
implementation?
¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados por su 
entidad con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al 
futuro? 
Capacidad técnica, fiscal y 
marco normativo para la 
sostenibilidad.
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener 
hacia el futuro los resultados de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de 
políticas?
¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político en su institución para garantizar la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y del Acuerdo Final?
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados por VISP? Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas.
Efectos de la Pandemia 
COVID-19 sobre el 
programa 
¿Qué cambios forzó la pandemia Covid-19 en la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP en 
su territorio? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas 
por VISP?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación 
con la atención y reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener 
sus resultados y avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría 
continuar apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
GOBERNACIONES
INSTRUMENTO #1: ENFOQUE: DESCENTRALIZACIÓN Y MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 402
INSTRUMENTO #1: ENFOQUE: DESCENTRALIZACIÓN Y MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1.To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and 
service provision towards 
Victims? What were the 
main successes and 
challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
2. To what e1tent have 
VISP-funded interventions 
increased access to physical 
and psychosocial 
rehabilitation?
Descentralización LV ¿Su gobernación recibió apoyo de VISP y MinInterior en el modelo de fortalecimiento territorial para la 
implementación de acciones para las víctimas o la ley de víctimas? ¿Qué logros y qué retos se derivaron de este 
apoyo?
¿Cuáles han sido las principales contribuciones de VISP al fortalecimiento de su departamento para la implementación 
de la Ley de Víctimas?
¿De qué manera ha impactado el apoyo de VISP la atención a personas víctimas en su departamento? 
Rehabilitación física Rehabilitación física individual 
¿Cómo ha apoyado VISP la implementación de acciones para la rehabilitación física individual en su departamento? 
¿Existen diferencias en el apoyo brindado a los servicios de rehabilitación de alta-mediana complejidad y los de baja 
complejidad?
¿Qué acciones específicas apoyadas por VISP facilitaron el acceso de personas víctimas a la rehabilitación física 
individual? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación física individual para personas víctimas del conflicto? 
¿Qué brechas enfrentan diferentes tipos de personas víctimas para acceder a la rehabilitación física individual? 
Rehabilitación 
psicosocial 
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP en su departamento han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la atención 
psicosocial del PAPSIVI?
¿Qué brechas existen hoy entre los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder al PAPSIVI? (mujeres, jóvenes, 
discapacidad, LGBTQI+) 
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de comunidades étnicas a la rehabilitación psicosocial? 
Memoria histórica y 
reparación simbólica
¿Cómo contribuyó VISP en su departamento en procesos de reparación simbólica de las comunidades afectadas por 
el conflicto armado? 
¿Cómo fortaleció VISP en su departamento la construcción y difusión de la memoria histórica?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación con la atención 
y reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener sus resultados 
y avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar 
apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
403 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #2: RELACIONAMIENTO INSTITUCIONAL, PARTICIPACIÓN Y SOSTENIBILIDAD 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción ¿Su departamento recibió apoyo de VISP y MinInterior en el modelo de fortalecimiento 
territorial para la implementación de acciones para las víctimas o la ley de víctimas? ¿Qué 
logros y qué retos se derivaron de este apoyo?
8. What were the main challenges, 
opportunities, and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to achieve VISP 
results?
Rol de los gobiernos locales ¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales y no-institucionales de su departamento más 
relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
*Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional 
(incluyendo USAID), sector privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con estos actores?
To what extent do VISP (1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) development and 
implementation of public policies have 
contributed to improving the assistance and 
service provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and challenges of 
this institutional strengthening and public 
policy interventions?
2. What gaps and challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP-supported institutional 
strengthening and policy implementation 
results?
7. What were the main results and lessons 
learned of the VISP institutional and 
technical adaptation strategy to support the 
Peace Accord implementation?
Participación: LV, SIP y 
sostenibilidad.
¿Cómo apoyó VISP en su departamento los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el 
marco de la Ley 1448? 
¿y en el marco del SIP? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP en materia de apoyo a la 
participación en el marco de la LV?
¿y en el marco del SIP? 
¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados 
por su departamento con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de 
cara al futuro? 
Capacidad técnica, fiscal y 
marco normativo para la 
sostenibilidad.
¿Cómo cree que ha afectado el compromiso político local los resultados y la sostenibilidad 
de los resultados del apoyo brindado por VISP? 
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda 
sostener y ampliar hacia el futuro los resultados de VISP? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de 
sostenibilidad, en particular en las zonas rurales?
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados por VISP? Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de 
Víctimas
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 404
INSTRUMENTO #2: RELACIONAMIENTO INSTITUCIONAL, PARTICIPACIÓN Y SOSTENIBILIDAD 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Implementación de estrategias 
de monitoreo, seguimiento y 
evaluación
¿De qué forma el apoyo de VISP a su gobernación incidió en los procesos de rendición de 
cuentas sobre la oferta institucional en favor de las personas víctimas?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación 
internacional podría continuar apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el 
acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
MINISTERIO PÚBLICO (DEFENSORÍA REGIONAL Y/O PERSONERÍAS MUNICIPALES)
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
7. What were the main results and 
lessons learned of the VISP 
institutional and technical adaptation 
strategy to support the Peace Accord 
implementation?
Contribuciones VISP ¿Cuáles han sido las principales contribuciones del programa VISP a su entidad?
¿Cómo los apoyos de VISP han impactado en la implementación de acciones para la atención y reparación 
integral de las víctimas en su región?
Participación de las 
víctimas en la LV
¿Cómo apoyó VISP los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el marco de la Ley 1448?
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP en materia de apoyo a la 
participación? 
Participación de las 
víctimas en el SIP
¿Cómo VISP ha fortalecido la participación de víctimas y organizaciones en el SIP?
¿Cuáles han sido los logros y retos de VISP en la promoción y el fortalecimiento de la participación de 
las víctimas en el SIP?
Acciones psicosociales ¿En qué medida han recibido apoyo de VISP para el fortalecimiento de acciones psicosociales para la 
atención a las víctimas del conflicto?
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado al talento humano?
Descentralización de la 
LV
En su línea de fortalecimiento institucional ¿Cómo VISP aportó a la descentralización de la política pública 
para las víctimas? 
405 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Cuáles son las principales contribuciones de VISP al fortalecimiento técnico de las entidades territoriales 
para la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas?
Cierre ¿En qué medida cree usted que hay diferencias entre municipios VISP y municipios no VISP en relación 
con la atención y reparación integral a las víctimas?
En una situación hipotética donde el programa VISP deje de funcionar ¿qué se requeriría para sostener 
sus resultados y avanzar en la atención y reparación integral de las víctimas?
¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría 
continuar apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
ALCALDÍAS
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
3.To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to 
physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation?
8. What were the main challenges, 
opportunities, and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to achieve 
VISP results?
Descentralización LV ¿Su municipio recibió apoyo de VISP y MinInterior en el modelo de fortalecimiento territorial para la 
implementación de acciones para las víctimas o la ley de víctimas? ¿Qué logros y qué retos se derivaron 
de este apoyo?
¿Cuáles han sido las principales contribuciones de VISP al fortalecimiento de su municipio en la 
implementación de la Ley de Víctimas?
¿De qué manera ha impactado el apoyo de VISP la atención a personas víctimas en su municipio? 
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con la alcaldía en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en 
contacto directo con víctimas?
Rol de los gobiernos 
locales
¿Cuáles fueron los actores más relevantes en su municipio para la implementación de las acciones del 
programa VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron estos actores? 
*Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo 
USAID), sector privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local 
 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento con estos actores?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 406
INSTRUMENTO #1
Participación ¿Cuál cree usted que ha sido el rol en su municipio de la participación ciudadana en los resultados 
alcanzados por VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al 
futuro? 
Rehabilitación física ¿Cómo ha apoyado VISP en su municipio la implementación de acciones para la rehabilitación física? 
¿Qué acciones específicas apoyadas por VISP facilitaron el acceso de personas víctimas a la rehabilitación?
¿Qué desafíos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación física para personas víctimas del conflicto? 
¿Qué brechas enfrentan diferentes tipos de personas víctimas para acceder a la rehabilitación física? 
2. What gaps and challenges do the 
GOC face to sustain VISP-supported 
institutional strengthening and policy 
implementation results?
Capacidad técnica, 
fiscal y marco 
normativo para la 
sostenibilidad.
¿Cómo cree que el compromiso político local ha afectado los resultados del apoyo brindado por VISP y 
su sostenibilidad? 
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda sostener y ampliar 
hacia el futuro los resultados de VISP? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en 
particular en las zonas rurales?
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados 
por VISP?
¿Cuál cree usted que es el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con apoyo de VISP? 
¿De qué forma el apoyo de VISP a su alcaldía incidió en los procesos de rendición de cuentas sobre la 
oferta institucional en favor de las personas víctimas?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría 
continuar apoyando la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
407 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
HOSPITALES
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation 
of public policies have contributed 
to improving the assistance and 
service provision towards Victims? 
What were the main successes 
and challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
2.What gaps and challenges do the 
GOC face to sustain VISP￾supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results?
3.To what e1tent have VISP￾funded interventions increased 
access to physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation?
Rehabilitación física ¿Cómo ha apoyado VISP la implementación de acciones para la rehabilitación física individual en su entidad? 
¿Cuenta su entidad con un mecanismo para identificar a las personas víctimas del conflicto armado en los 
procesos de atención en salud? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnicos-lineamientos-orientaciones metodológicas 
para la rehabilitación?
¿De qué manera se ha articulado VISP con su entidad en temas de cuidado a funcionarios que trabajan en 
contacto directo con víctimas?
¿Cómo ha implementado el hospital/centro de salud en su actuar cotidiano las herramientas de VISP?
¿Qué desafíos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación física para víctimas del conflicto armado?
¿Qué brechas enfrentan los diferentes tipos de personas víctimas para acceder a la rehabilitación física 
individual?
¿Qué factores socioeconómicos cree que pueden afectar el acceso de personas víctimas a servicios de 
rehabilitación física?
¿Qué situaciones del contexto de su municipio también pueden afectar el acceso de personas víctimas a 
servicios de rehabilitación?
Los procesos de rehabilitación física para personas víctimas se han articulado con los procesos de 
rehabilitación psicosocial (Papsivi, EREG, entrelazando)
Participación ¿Cuál cree usted que ha sido el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados por VISP 
en materia de rehabilitación? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 408
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Capacidad técnica, fiscal 
y marco normativo para 
la sostenibilidad.
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener 
hacia el futuro los resultados de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional para la rehabilitación física? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en 
particular en zonas rurales?
¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político de la institucionalidad en la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con apoyo de VISP? 
¿En qué medida la sostenibilidad de los resultados en rehabilitación física alcanzados con apoyo de VISP 
dependen de la existencia de un marco normativo favorable, especialmente en relación con la de la Ley de 
Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP?
ACTORES NO INSTITUCIONALES
INSTRUMENTO #1: 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción (para 
todos los protocolos)
¡Bienvenido/a!
Para nosotrxs como equipo consultor resulta muy valiosa su disposición para estar en este espacio. Hoy queremos 
conversar con usted sobre unos temas muy puntuales relacionados con el Programa de Apoyo Institucional para las 
Víctimas -VISP, financiado por USAID e implementado por OIM. En específico quisiéramos dialogar sobre cómo las 
acciones de este programa fortalecieron (o no) el trabajo institucional de la entidad en la que usted se desempeña 
(reemplazar según sea el caso, UARIV, CNMH, MinSalud, etc.). Esperamos poder comprender mejor el apoyo 
recibido y saber cuáles fueron las principales contribuciones, logros, retos, dificultades y aprendizajes. 
Es importante señalar que lo que charlemos en este espacio es de carácter confidencial, su información personal no 
será revelada bajo ninguna circunstancia y lo que hablemos será tratado exclusivamente para fines investigativos. 
También, es importante mencionar que esta conversación es totalmente voluntaria, si en algún momento no desea 
responder una pregunta o desea parar la conversación, usted se encuentra en libertad de hacerlo.
¿Tiene preguntas o inquietudes sobre lo que le acabamos de contar? (RESPONDER TODAS LAS PREGUNTAS 
HASTA QUE EL/LA ENTREVISTADO/A MANIFIESTE QUE ENTIENDE Y TIENE CLARIDAD SOBRE EL 
PROCESO)
409 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1: 
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Queremos ahora preguntarle dos cosas puntuales: 1. ¿Está de acuerdo con realizar la entrevista? 2. ¿Está de acuerdo 
con que grabemos la sesión para luego poder analizarla con cuidado? (recordar términos de confidencialidad y 
anonimato). 
MESA NACIONAL DE PARTICIPACIÓN DE PERSONAS VÍCTIMAS
ENTREVISTA #1: PARTICIPACIÓN Y ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente en la mesa, y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What were 
the main successes and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening and public 
policy interventions?
8. What were the main challenges, 
opportunities, and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to achieve VISP 
results?
Participación ¿Cómo apoyó OIM los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el marco de la Ley? 
¿Cómo OIM ha fortalecido la participación de víctimas y organizaciones en el SIP? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos en estos procesos? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento?
Rol 
organizaciones, 
entidades, 
comunidades. 
¿Cuáles considera que fueron los actores más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones 
desarrolladas por OIM? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
*Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), 
sector privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento entre estos actores?
Enfoque 
diferencial 
¿Sabe cómo apoyó OIM la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales en la política para las víctimas?
¿Qué acciones apoyó OIM con organizaciones de personas víctimas en materia de enfoque diferencial?
¿Cómo considera que ha impactado la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales los procesos de atención a 
las personas víctimas?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando la perspectiva diferencial en la atención a las personas 
víctimas del conflicto?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 410
INSTRUMENTO #2: REHABILITACIÓN
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to physical 
and psychosocial rehabilitation? What have 
been the main factors that contributed to 
improvement or that delayed access to 
these services?
Rehabilitación 
psicosocial
Queremos conocer su opinión sobre el apoyo de OIM a las estrategias de rehabilitación psicosocial: 
PAPSIVI, EREG y Entrelazando.
A partir de lo anterior se realizan las siguientes preguntas para cada estrategia: 
¿Cómo ha apoyado OIM la implementación de esta estrategia? 
¿Qué acciones específicas apoyadas por OIM considera que han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a 
la atención por parte de esta estrategia? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy la estrategia? 
Pregunta general de esta área:
¿Qué tipo de personas víctimas considera que tienen más dificultades para acceder a estas estrategias?
Rehabilitación 
física 
¿Tiene conocimiento de procesos rehabilitación física de las personas víctimas que haya apoyado OIM? 
Si la respuesta es afirmativa, preguntar: 
¿Cómo ha apoyado OIM la implementación de acciones para la rehabilitación física de las personas 
víctimas? 
¿Qué acciones específicas apoyadas por OIM considera que facilitaron el acceso de personas víctimas a la 
rehabilitación física? 
¿Qué retos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación física para personas víctimas del conflicto? 
1. To what extent do VISP (1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) development and 
implementation of public policies have 
contributed to improving the assistance and 
service provision towards Victims? 
Desminado ¿Sabe qué acciones apoyó OIM en la estrategia de ‘Acción integral contra minas’? 
¿Cuáles son los retos actuales de la ‘Acción integral contra minas’ en el territorio colombiano?
INSTRUMENTO #3: OTRAS MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN Y ACUERDO DE PAZ 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
To what extent do VISP (1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) development and 
implementation of public policies have 
contributed to improving the assistance and 
service provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and challenges of 
Otras medidas de 
reparación 
Qué acciones desarrolladas por OIM tuvieron un impacto positivo en materia de:
Acceso de las personas víctimas a la indemnización
Generación de ingresos
Empleabilidad
411 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #3: OTRAS MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN Y ACUERDO DE PAZ 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
this institutional strengthening and public 
policy interventions?
2. What gaps and challenges do the GOC face 
to sustain VISP-supported institutional 
strengthening and policy implementation 
results?
Reparación colectiva 
Procesos de reparación simbólica 
Construcción y difusión de la memoria histórica de manera local y regional 
 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en la implementación de estas acciones?
7. What were the main results and lessons 
learned of the VISP institutional and technical 
adaptation strategy to support the Peace 
Accord implementation?
Implementación del 
acuerdo de paz 
¿Cómo apoyó OIM el proceso de implementación de los PDETS?
¿Cómo apoyó OIM la participación de las víctimas en este proceso?
¿Cuáles considera que han sido los principales avances y logros en los procesos de búsqueda 
de las y los desaparecidos en Colombia en el marco de las acciones que realiza la UBPD? 
¿Cuáles considera que han sido los principales avances y logros en los procesos de acceso a la 
verdad para las víctimas y la población colombiana en el marco de las acciones que realiza la 
CEV? 
¿Conoce acciones específicas que haya apoyado VISP en estas áreas? 
¿Cuáles han sido los principales apoyos de OIM al funcionamiento de la Jurisdicción Especial 
para la Paz? 
Cierre ¿Cuáles considera que son los principales retos que enfrentan la mesa nacional de víctimas 
hoy?
MESAS MUNICIPALES DE PARTICIPACIÓN PARA VÍCTIMAS
INSTRUMENTO #1: PARTICIPACIÓN, REHABILITACIÓN ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente en la mesa, y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional strengthening 
and (2) development and 
Participación ¿Cómo apoyó OIM los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el marco de la Ley 1448 en este territorio? 
¿Cómo ha fortalecido OIM la participación de víctimas y organizaciones en el marco del SIP? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 412
INSTRUMENTO #1: PARTICIPACIÓN, REHABILITACIÓN ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
implementation of public 
policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and 
service provision towards 
Victims? What were the 
main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public 
policy interventions?
3. To what extent have VISP￾funded interventions 
increased access to physical 
and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have 
been the main factors that 
contributed to improvement 
or that delayed access to 
these services?
7. What were the main 
results and lessons learned of 
the VISP institutional and 
technical adaptation strategy 
to support the Peace Accord 
implementation?
¿Cuáles considera que fueron los principales logros y desafíos en estos procesos? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
Rehabilitación 
psicosocial
¿Tiene conocimiento de procesos de rehabilitación psicosocial de las personas víctimas que haya apoyado OIM en este 
territorio? PAPSIVI, EREG, Entrelazando. 
A partir de lo anterior se realizan las siguientes preguntas para cada estrategia con presencia territorial: 
¿Sabe cómo ha apoyado OIM la implementación de esta estrategia?? 
¿Qué acciones específicas apoyadas por OIM considera que han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la atención 
por parte de esta estrategia? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy la estrategia? 
Pregunta general de esta área:
¿Qué tipo de personas víctimas considera que tienen más dificultades para acceder a estas estrategias?
Rehabilitación 
física 
¿Tiene conocimiento de procesos de rehabilitación física de las personas víctimas que haya apoyado OIM en este 
territorio? 
Si la respuesta es afirmativa, preguntar: 
¿Sabe cómo ha apoyado OIM la implementación de acciones para la rehabilitación física de las personas víctimas en su 
territorio? 
¿Qué acciones específicas apoyadas por OIM considera que han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la 
rehabilitación física? 
¿Qué retos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación física individual para personas víctimas del conflicto? 
Enfoque 
diferencial 
¿Sabe cómo apoyó OIM la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales para la atención y reparación de las víctimas?
¿Qué acciones apoyó OIM con organizaciones de personas víctimas en materia de enfoque diferencial?
¿Cómo considera que ha impactado la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales los procesos de atención a las personas 
víctimas?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando la perspectiva diferencial en la atención a las personas víctimas del 
conflicto?
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INSTRUMENTO #2: OTRAS MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN, ACUERDO DE PAZ Y SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente en la mesa, y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
8. What were the main challenges, 
opportunities, and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to achieve VISP 
results?
Rol 
organizaciones, 
entidades, 
comunidades. 
¿Cuáles considera que fueron los actores más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del programa 
OIM en su municipio? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
*Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), 
sector privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento entre estas entidades?
¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político de la institucionalidad en garantizar la sostenibilidad de los 
resultados alcanzados con el apoyo de OIM?
6. What have been the GOC actions, 
results, and lessons learned to improve 
the economic stability of the victims?
Generación de 
ingresos y 
empleabilidad
¿Qué conoce del apoyo de OIM a iniciativas de generación de ingresos para personas víctimas?
¿En qué medida ese apoyo ha logrado para que haya programas efectivos para generar ingresos para personas 
víctimas?
¿Qué sabe del apoyo de OIM a iniciativas que mejoren la empleabilidad de personas víctimas?
¿Qué tanto ese apoyo se ha visto en programas efectivos para mejorar la empleabilidad de personas víctimas?
¿Qué cree que ha hecho falta que los programas de generación de ingresos o de empleabilidad para personas 
víctimas tengan mejores resultados? 
To what extent do VISP (1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) development and 
implementation of public policies have 
contributed to improving the assistance 
and service provision towards Victims? 
What were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
Otras medidas 
de reparación 
Qué acciones desarrolladas por OIM, considera que tuvieron un impacto positivo en materia de:
Reparación colectiva 
Procesos de reparación simbólica 
Construcción y difusión de la memoria histórica de manera local y regional 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en la implementación de estas acciones?
7. What were the main results and 
lessons learned of the VISP institutional 
and technical adaptation strategy to 
support the Peace Accord 
implementation?
Implementación 
del acuerdo de 
paz 
¿En este territorio hay proyectos PDETS?
Si la respuesta es afirmativa, preguntar cuáles.
¿Cómo apoyó OIM el proceso de implementación de los PDETS? Y en particular, ¿la participación de la Mesa 
Municipal en este?
¿Cuáles considera que han sido los principales avances y logros en los procesos de búsqueda de las y los 
desaparecidos en Colombia en el marco de las acciones que realiza la UBPD? 
¿Conoce acciones específicas que haya apoyado OIM en temas de búsqueda? 
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INSTRUMENTO #2: OTRAS MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN, ACUERDO DE PAZ Y SOSTENIBILIDAD
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Cuáles considera que han sido los principales avances y logros en los procesos de acceso a la verdad para las 
víctimas y la población colombiana en el marco de las acciones que realiza la CEV? 
¿Conoce acciones específicas que haya apoyado OIM en temas de acceso a la verdad? 
Cierre ¿Cuáles considera que son los principales retos que enfrentan las mesas municipales de víctimas hoy?
VÍCTIMAS ATENDIDAS POR PAPSIVI
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
3. To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to 
physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have been the 
main factors that contributed to 
improvement or that delayed access 
to these services?
Acceso a la 
atención 
psicosocial
¿Cómo conoció cada uno de ustedes el PAPSIVI? 
¿De qué manera accedieron a la atención del PAPSIVI?
¿Qué fue lo que más les gustó de la atención recibida?
¿Qué aspectos del PAPSIVI creen que se podrían mejorar? ¿Qué recomendarían?
¿Han recibido atención en salud física en el marco del PAPSIVI? Si la respuesta es afirmativa: ¿Cómo valoran la 
atención que recibieron?
6. What have been the GOC actions, 
results, and lessons learned to 
improve the economic stability of the 
victims?
Estabilización 
socioeconómica
¿Qué conocen sobre los programas del gobierno colombiano para generar ingresos y mejorar la empleabilidad 
de personas víctimas?
¿Alguno ha participado en alguno de estos programas? ¿Cómo valora su experiencia?
¿Qué recomendarían a las instituciones para apoyar la generación de ingresos y mejorar la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas?
7. What were the main results and 
lessons learned of the VISP 
institutional and technical adaptation 
strategy to support the Peace 
Accord implementation? What 
challenges does USAID still face on 
peace accord victim’s interventions?
Acuerdo de Paz ¿Han logrado participar en proyectos o iniciativas con entidades como la Comisión de la Verdad, la Unidad de 
Búsqueda de Personas Desaparecidas o la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz?
Si la respuesta es afirmativa: ¿Cómo valoran su participación en el trabajo con estas entidades?
Si la respuesta es negativa: ¿Qué recomendarían a estas entidades para mejorar la participación de las víctimas?
¿Qué creen que son las prioridades de su territorio para la construcción de paz?
415 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
OIM ¿Qué saben de la OIM y cómo ha apoyado la implementación de acciones para una adecuada atención a las 
víctimas?
Si conocen el trabajo de la OIM ¿cómo valoran dicho trabajo?
VÍCTIMAS ATENDIDAS POR EREG
INSTRUMENTO #1 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
3. To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to 
physical and psychosocial rehabilitation? 
What have been the main factors that 
contributed to improvement or that 
delayed access to these services?
Acceso a la atención 
psicosocial
¿Cómo conoció cada uno de ustedes la estrategia EREG? 
¿De qué manera accedieron a la estrategia?
¿Qué fue lo que más les gustó de la atención recibida por la EREG?
¿Qué aspectos de la EREG creen que se podrían mejorar? ¿Qué recomendarían?
6. What have been the GOC actions, 
results, and lessons learned to improve 
the economic stability of the victims?
Estabilización 
socioeconómica
¿Qué conocen sobre los programas del gobierno colombiano para generar ingresos y mejorar la 
empleabilidad de personas víctimas?
¿Alguno ha participado en alguno de estos programas? ¿Cómo valora su experiencia?
¿Qué recomendarían a las instituciones para apoyar la generación de ingresos y mejorar la empleabilidad 
de las víctimas?
7. What were the main results and 
lessons learned of the VISP institutional 
and technical adaptation strategy to 
support the Peace Accord 
implementation? What challenges does 
USAID still face on peace accord 
victim’s interventions?
Acuerdo de Paz ¿Han logrado participar en proyectos o iniciativas con entidades como la Comisión de la Verdad, la 
Unidad de Búsqueda de Personas Desaparecidas o la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz?
Si la respuesta es afirmativa: ¿Cómo valoran su participación en el trabajo con estas entidades?
Si la respuesta es negativa: ¿Qué recomendarían a estas entidades para mejorar la participación de las 
víctimas?
¿Qué creen que son las prioridades de su territorio para la construcción de paz?
OIM ¿Qué saben de la OIM y cómo ha apoyado la implementación de acciones para una adecuada atención a 
las víctimas?
Si conocen el trabajo de la OIM ¿cómo valoran dicho trabajo?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 416
VÍCTIMAS ATENDIDAS POR REHABILITACIÓN FÍSICA
INSTRUMENTO #1 
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
3. To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to 
physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have been the 
main factors that contributed to 
improvement or that delayed access 
to these services?
Acceso a la 
atención 
psicosocial
¿Cómo conoció cada uno de ustedes los servicios de rehabilitación física para personas víctimas del conflicto? 
¿Por qué decidieron intentar acceder a estos servicios?
¿Cómo fue su proceso para acceder a estos servicios? 
- ¿En algún momento les preguntaron si eran víctimas del conflicto armado?
¿Qué fue lo que más les gustó de la atención recibida en rehabilitación física?
¿Qué aspectos del servicio creen que se podrían mejorar? ¿Qué recomendarían para mejorarlos?
6. What have been the GOC actions, 
results, and lessons learned to 
improve the economic stability of the 
victims?
Estabilización 
socioeconómica
¿Qué conocen sobre los programas del gobierno colombiano para generar ingresos y mejorar la empleabilidad 
de personas víctimas?
¿Alguno ha participado en alguno de estos programas? ¿Cómo valora su experiencia?
¿Qué recomendarían a las instituciones para apoyar la generación de ingresos y mejorar la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas?
7. What were the main results and 
lessons learned of the VISP 
institutional and technical adaptation 
strategy to support the Peace 
Accord implementation? What 
challenges does USAID still face on 
peace accord victim’s interventions?
Acuerdo de Paz ¿Han logrado participar en proyectos o iniciativas con entidades como la Comisión de la Verdad, la Unidad de 
Búsqueda de Personas Desaparecidas o la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz?
Si la respuesta es afirmativa: ¿Cómo valoran su participación en el trabajo con estas entidades?
Si la respuesta es negativa: ¿Qué recomendarían a estas entidades para mejorar la participación de las víctimas?
¿Cuáles creen que son las prioridades de su territorio para la construcción de paz?
OIM ¿Qué saben de la OIM y cómo ha apoyado la implementación de acciones para una adecuada atención a las 
víctimas?
Si conocen el trabajo de la OIM ¿cómo valoran dicho trabajo?
417 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
VÍCTIMAS ATENDIDAS POR ENTRELAZANDO
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
3. To what extent have VISP- funded interventions increased 
access to physical and 
psychosocial rehabilitation? 
What have been the main 
factors that contributed to 
improvement or that delayed 
access to these services?
Acceso a la atención 
psicosocial
¿Cómo conoció cada uno de ustedes de la estrategia Entrelazando?
¿De qué manera empezaron a participar de las actividades de la estrategia?
¿Qué fue lo que más les gustó de Entrelazando?
¿Qué aspectos de la estrategia creen que se podrían mejorar? ¿Qué recomendarían?
6. What have been the GOC 
actions, results, and lessons 
learned to improve the 
economic stability of the victims?
Estabilización 
socioeconómica
¿Qué conocen sobre los programas del gobierno colombiano para generar ingresos y mejorar la 
empleabilidad de personas víctimas?
¿Alguno ha participado en alguno de estos programas? ¿Cómo valora su experiencia?
¿Qué recomendaría a las instituciones para apoyar la generación de ingresos y mejorar la empleabilidad de 
las víctimas?
7. What were the main results 
and lessons learned of the VISP 
institutional and technical 
adaptation strategy to support 
the Peace Accord 
implementation? What 
challenges does USAID still face 
on peace accord victim’s 
interventions?
Acuerdo de Paz ¿Han logrado participar en proyectos o iniciativas con entidades como la Comisión de la Verdad, la Unidad 
de Búsqueda de Personas Desaparecidas o la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz?
Si la respuesta es afirmativa: ¿Cómo valoran su participación en el trabajo con estas entidades?
Si la respuesta es negativa: ¿Qué recomendarían a estas entidades para mejorar la participación de las 
víctimas?
¿Cuáles creen que son las prioridades de su territorio para la construcción de paz?
OIM ¿Qué saben de la OIM y cómo ha apoyado la implementación de acciones para una adecuada atención a las 
víctimas?
Si conocen el trabajo de la OIM ¿cómo valoran dicho trabajo?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 418
VÍCTIMAS ATENDIDAS POR REHABILITACIÓN COLECTIVA ÉTNICA
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
3. To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to 
physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have been the 
main factors that contributed to 
improvement or that delayed access 
to these services?
Acceso a la 
atención 
psicosocial
¿Cómo su comunidad accedió al proceso de reparación colectiva?
¿Cómo decidieron sobre las acciones correspondientes a la rehabilitación psicosocial de su comunidad?
¿Qué fue lo que más les gustó de la medida de rehabilitación colectiva?
¿Qué aspectos de la medida de rehabilitación colectiva para comunidades y pueblos étnicos podrían mejorarse? 
¿Qué recomendarían?
6. What have been the GOC actions, 
results, and lessons learned to 
improve the economic stability of 
the victims?
Estabilización 
socioeconómica
¿Qué conocen sobre los programas del gobierno colombiano para mejorar la situación económica de las 
comunidades y pueblos étnicos que han sido víctimas del conflicto?
¿Han participado en alguno de estos programas? ¿Cómo valoran su experiencia?
¿Qué recomendaría a las instituciones para apoyar la generación de ingresos y la empleabilidad de comunidades 
y pueblos étnicos?
7. What were the main results and 
lessons learned of the VISP 
institutional and technical adaptation 
strategy to support the Peace 
Accord implementation? What 
challenges does USAID still face on 
peace accord victim’s interventions?
Acuerdo de Paz ¿Han logrado participar en proyectos o iniciativas con entidades como la Comisión de la Verdad, la Unidad de 
Búsqueda de Personas Desaparecidas o la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz?
Si la respuesta es afirmativa: ¿Cómo valoran su participación en el trabajo con estas entidades?
Si la respuesta es negativa: ¿Qué recomendarían a estas entidades para mejorar la participación de las 
comunidades y pueblos étnicos?
¿Qué creen que son las prioridades de su territorio para la construcción de paz?
OIM ¿Qué saben de la OIM y cómo ha apoyado la implementación de acciones para una adecuada atención a las 
víctimas?
Si conocen el trabajo de la OIM ¿cómo valoran dicho trabajo?
419 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
ORGANIZACIONES: PILOTOS DE ESTABILIZACIÓN SOCIOECONÓMICA
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre la organización, qué hace, hace cuánto se conformó, qué servicios ofrece?
¿Todas las personas de la organización son víctimas? 
¿Qué impacto ha tenido ser víctimas sobre la forma como funciona la organización y como se relaciona con otros actores?
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
5. What were the 
lessons learned 
and results of the 
VISP pilots 
developed to 
strengthen the 
capacity of CSOs 
on economic 
empowerment, 
employability, and 
incidence in 
public policies?
Pilotos 
estabilización 
económica 
¿De qué manera se enteraron de la convocatoria?
¿Cómo fue el trabajo de su organización con el programa VISP? 
¿cómo se enteraron de la convocatoria?
El primer paso fue hacer un diagnóstico a la organización. ¿Cómo fue este proceso?
¿En qué medida ustedes definieron qué tipo de apoyo deseaban recibir del programa?
La capacitación que recibieron con Territorios de Aprendizaje cómo fue? cuánto duró? ¿Hubo más capacitaciones además de esta?
En las actividades específicas que hicieron con OIM ¿participaron otros actores? (alcaldía, SENA, etc.)
¿Considera que el apoyo de VISP generó recursos y capacidades para mejorar sus proyectos productivos? 
¿Considera que el apoyo de VISP fortaleció la capacidad asociativa y organizativa de la organización? 
¿Considera que el apoyo de VISP fortaleció la capacidad comercial de la organización? Por ejemplo, la página web que hicieron con el 
programa, ¿qué tanto les ha servido? 
¿Qué factores externos considera que pudieron incidir en los resultados del apoyo del programa a su organización? 
¿Qué tanta retroalimentación sintieron ustedes que pudieron darle al programa?
¿Qué fortalezas ve en el apoyo brindado por el programa?
¿Qué debilidades ve en el apoyo brindado por el programa? 
¿La organización ha recibido apoyos de fortalecimiento productivo o asociativo de otros programas? 
 De ser así, ¿cuál programa? ¿antes o después del apoyo de VISP?
 ¿En qué considera que se diferenció el apoyo de VISP de los otros apoyos que ha recibido? 
Luego de la implementación del apoyo del programa ¿qué retos existen para garantizar la sostenibilidad de lo que lograron con el 
programa? 
Cierre En general, si ustedes pudieran decirle al Estado cómo ayudar a que las personas víctimas tengan mejores ingresos, ¿qué le dirían?
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PROMOTORES PSICOSOCIALES PAPSIVI
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por OIM
1. To what extent do VISP (1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) development and 
implementation of public policies have 
contributed to improving the assistance and 
service provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and challenges of this 
institutional strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
3. To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to physical and 
psychosocial rehabilitation? What have been 
the main factors that contributed to 
improvement or that delayed access to these 
services?
Rehabilitación 
psicosocial
¿Cómo ha apoyado OIM la implementación del PAPSIVI? (formación, equipos, infraestructura, cuidado 
emocional, protocolos)
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por OIM considera que han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la 
atención psicosocial del PAPSIVI?
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por OIM han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas al componente de salud 
del PAPSIVI?
¿Qué dificultades enfrentan diferentes tipos de personas víctimas para acceder al PAPSIVI?
¿En qué medida hay características de las personas víctimas -de su situación social o económica- que les 
generan dificultades para acceder al PAPSIVI?
¿Qué situaciones del contexto han afectado en el acceso de las personas víctimas al PAPSIVI?
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy el PAPSIVI? 
FUNDACIÓN ACOPLE, AFRODES
INSTRUMENTO #1 - CAM
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa ACOPLE de USAID y lo que se conoce como el CAM
4. What are the main strengths 
and weaknesses of the 
“Community Agent Model”? 
Modelo CAM ¿Cuál cree usted que es el diferencial del modelo CAM en relación con otros modelos de atención? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros de la implementación del CAM? 
¿Cuáles fueron los desafíos de la adaptación del CAM al contexto colombiano? 
¿Qué ventajas y limitaciones implicó que los acompañamientos fueran realizados por personas víctimas del conflicto 
armado? 
¿Cómo se articuló el modelo con otras ofertas institucionales dirigidas a la población víctima del conflicto armado? 
421 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1 - CAM
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Cómo se articuló el modelo con la oferta psicosocial de atención a población víctima?
¿Cómo se plantea el proceso de seguimiento a las personas atendidas en el CAM?
¿Qué actividades de fortalecimiento y cuidado del talento humano se ejecutaron como parte del CAM?
¿Se realizaron acciones de trasferencia de conocimiento-metodología del CAM a instituciones públicas o privadas? 
(De acuerdo con la respuesta precisar si se efectuaron acciones de trasferencia a Papsivi, EREG, y entrelazando). 
¿Cuál fue el impacto de este proceso de transferencia?
¿Cómo el CAM incorporó el enfoque étnico?
Efectos Covid￾19
¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación del CAM? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones del CAM?
Sostenibilidad ¿Qué capacidades técnicas y financieras considera necesarias para que el CAM sea sostenible? 
¿Qué aprendizajes de la implementación de CAM considera útiles para el sistema de salud colombiano? (trabajar con 
agentes locales apropiados a la cultura, remunerar a los agentes, modelo flexible). 
CISALVA
INSTRUMENTO #1 - CAM
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa ACOPLE de USAID y lo que se conoce como el CAM
4. What are the main strengths 
and weaknesses of the 
“Community Agent Model”? 
Modelo CAM
¿Cuál fue el rol del instituto CISALVA y de AFRODES en la adaptación e implementación del CAM?
¿Cuál cree usted que es el diferencial del modelo CAM en relación a otros modelos de atención? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros de la implementación del CAM? 
¿Cuáles fueron los desafíos de la adaptación del CAM al contexto Colombiano?
¿Qué ventajas y limitaciones implicó que los acompañamientos fueran realizados por personas víctimas del conflicto 
armado? 
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INSTRUMENTO #1 - CAM
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Cómo el CAM incorporó el enfoque étnico?
Efectos Covid-19 ¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación del CAM? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones del CAM?
Sostenibilidad ¿Qué capacidades técnicas y financieras considera necesarias para que el CAM sea sostenible? 
¿Qué aprendizajes de la implementación de CAM considera útiles para el sistema de salud colombiano? (trabajar 
con agentes locales apropiados a la cultura, remunerar a los agentes, modelo flexible). 
ORGANIZACIÓN LA COMADRE
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción ¿Podrían contarnos por favor sobre su organización y cuál ha sido su misión y su trabajo hasta el día de hoy?
Exploración 
general 
¿Cuáles han sido los principales apoyos recibidos por la OIM y el programa VISP a su organización?
¿Cuáles han sido los logros más importantes que han logrado como organización a partir del trabajo con OIM y 
el programa VISP?
¿Cuáles han sido para ustedes las limitaciones o dificultades del trabajo con OIM y el programa VISP?
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
Enfoque diferencial 
(género y étnico)
¿En qué medida el trabajo con VISP ayudó a visibilizar las violencias que han sufrido de forma desproporcionada 
y diferenciadas las mujeres afro en el conflicto armado?
¿Qué tanto el apoyo de VISP ha tenido un impacto positivo en la atención y reparación integral de las mujeres 
afro víctimas del conflicto?
3. To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to 
physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have been the 
main factors that contributed to 
Rehabilitación 
psicosocial
¿Qué tanto creen que los servicios de rehabilitación psicosocial son accesibles para las mujeres afro en 
Colombia?
¿Han participado o han hecho parte de estrategias de rehabilitación psicosocial? ¿Cómo valoran dicha 
experiencia?
423 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1
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improvement or that delayed access 
to these services? Rehabilitación física ¿Qué tanto creen que los servicios de rehabilitación física son accesibles para las mujeres afro en Colombia?
¿Han participado o han hecho parte de estrategias de rehabilitación física? ¿Cómo valoran dicha experiencia?
6. What have been the GOC 
actions, results, and lessons learned 
to improve the economic stability of 
the victims?
Estabilización 
socioeconómica
¿Qué conocen sobre los programas del gobierno colombiano para generar ingresos y mejorar la empleabilidad 
de personas víctimas?
¿Alguno ha participado en alguno de estos programas? ¿Cómo valora su experiencia?
¿Qué recomendarían a las instituciones para apoyar la generación de ingresos y mejorar la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas?
7. What were the main results and 
lessons learned of the VISP 
institutional and technical adaptation 
strategy to support the Peace 
Accord implementation? What 
challenges does USAID still face on 
peace accord victim’s interventions?
Acuerdo de Paz ¿Han logrado participar en proyectos o iniciativas con entidades como la Comisión de la Verdad, la Unidad de 
Búsqueda de Personas Desaparecidas o la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz?
Si la respuesta es afirmativa: ¿Cómo valoran su participación en el trabajo con estas entidades?
Si la respuesta es negativa: ¿Qué recomendarían a estas entidades para mejorar la participación de las víctimas?
¿Cuáles creen que son las prioridades de su territorio para la construcción de paz?
Cierre ¿Podría mencionar dos o tres aspectos en los cuáles considera que la cooperación internacional podría 
continuar apoyando a las organizaciones de víctimas en el país?
AUTORIDADES ÉTNICAS
INSTRUMENTO #1: REPARACIÓN Y ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre este territorio y sobre su comunidad
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa VISP de USAID implementado por 
OIM
To what extent do VISP (1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) development and 
implementation of public policies have 
contributed to improving the assistance 
and service provision towards Victims? 
What were the main successes and 
Participación ¿Cómo apoyó OIM los procesos de participación de las personas víctimas pertenecientes a 
comunidades étnicas, en el marco de la Ley 1448, en este territorio? (¿conoce el protocolo de 
atención a comunidades étnicas de la LV?) 
¿Cómo ha fortalecido OIM la participación de víctimas y organizaciones étnicas en el marco de la LV 
y del SIP? 
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INSTRUMENTO #1: REPARACIÓN Y ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to physical 
and psychosocial rehabilitation? What 
have been the main factors that 
contributed to improvement or that 
delayed access to these services?
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos en estos procesos? 
Rol organizaciones, 
entidades, comunidades. 
¿Cuáles considera que fueron los actores más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del 
programa VISP en su departamento? ¿Cómo 
contribuyeron? 
*Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo 
USAID), sector privado, ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local 
Enfoque diferencial ¿Qué acciones apoyó OIM en temas de enfoque diferencial?
¿Qué resultados han tenido estos apoyos en materia de enfoque diferencial?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando la perspectiva diferencial en la atención a las 
personas víctimas del conflicto?
Rehabilitación psicosocial ¿Qué logros se han logrado con apoyo de OIM para facilitar el acceso de comunidades étnicas a la 
rehabilitación psicosocial?
¿Qué desafíos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación psicosocial con enfoque étnico? 
Generación de ingresos ¿En qué medida la OIM ha incidido en crear iniciativas para generar ingresos con las comunidades y 
pueblos étnicos?
¿Qué todavía hace falta para fortalecer los proyectos de generación de ingresos con comunidades y 
pueblos étnicos?
Otras medidas de 
reparación 
¿Qué logros se han logrado con apoyo de OIM en materia de reparación colectiva?
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en estos procesos?
¿Qué logros se han logrado con apoyo de OIM en la construcción y difusión de la memoria 
histórica?
¿Cómo ha contribuido OIM a procesos de reparación simbólica de las comunidades?
425 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
EXPERTOS: ESTABILIZACIÓN SOCIOECONÓMICA DE POBLACIÓN VÍCTIMA
INSTRUMENTO #1: GENERACIÓN DE INGRESOS
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
6. What have been the GOC 
actions, results, and lessons 
learned to improve the economic 
stability of the victims? Is there a 
need for USAID programming in 
this area?
Screen reader support enabled.
Generación de 
ingresos
¿Qué acciones principales comprenden los programas de generación de ingresos para personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales avances y logros de los programas para la generación de ingresos de personas 
víctimas? 
¿En qué medida los programas para la generación de ingresos han logrado implementar enfoques diferenciales 
(género, étnico, discapacidad, curso de vida) para el trabajo con víctimas del conflicto armado 
¿Cuáles han sido las principales dificultades y limitaciones en el diseño e implementación de los programas de 
generación de ingresos de personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales retos para la sostenibilidad de los resultados conseguidos hasta el momento en 
generación de ingresos para las víctimas?
¿Cuáles son sus recomendaciones para mejorar los programas de generación de ingresos a personas víctimas?
¿Qué apoyos de la cooperación internacional considera que serían útiles para avanzar en la generación de 
ingresos para las víctimas? 
6. What have been the GOC 
actions, results, and lessons 
learned to improve the economic 
stability of the victims? Is there a 
need for USAID programming in 
this area?
Screen reader support enabled.
Empleabilidad ¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son los principales logros de los programas de empleabilidad en personas víctimas? 
¿De qué manera se articulan estos programas con la reparación integral a víctimas? 
¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades y limitaciones que enfrentan los programas de empleabilidad en personas 
víctimas? (preguntar por focalización, capacidad técnica, fiscal, enfoque diferencial, impacto real) 
¿Qué estrategias deberían incluirse o qué áreas deben fortalecerse en los programas para la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas? 
Desde su conocimiento ¿qué recomendaría para mejorar los programas de empleabilidad para personas 
víctimas del conflicto en Colombia? 
¿Qué apoyos de la cooperación internacional considera que serían útiles para avanzar en la empleabilidad de las 
víctimas? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 426
SOCIO IMPLEMENTADOR
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA(S) DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción
(para todos los 
protocolos)
¡Bienvenido/a!
Para nosotrxs como equipo consultor resulta muy valiosa su disposición para estar en este espacio. Hoy 
queremos conversar con usted sobre unos temas muy puntuales relacionados con el Programa de 
Apoyo Institucional para las Víctimas -VISP, financiado por USAID e implementado por su organización, 
OIM. En específico quisiéramos dialogar sobre cómo las acciones de este programa fortalecieron (o no) 
el trabajo institucional de la entidad en la que usted se desempeña (reemplazar según sea el caso, 
UARIV, CNMH, MinSalud, etc.). Esperamos poder comprender mejor el apoyo recibido y saber cuáles 
fueron las principales contribuciones, logros, retos, dificultades y aprendizajes. 
Es importante señalar que lo que charlemos en este espacio es de carácter confidencial, su información 
personal no será revelada bajo ninguna circunstancia y lo que hablemos será tratado exclusivamente para 
fines investigativos.
¿Tiene preguntas o inquietudes sobre lo que le acabamos de contar? (RESPONDER TODAS LAS 
PREGUNTAS HASTA QUE EL/LA ENTREVISTADO/A MANIFIESTE QUE ENTIENDE Y TIENE 
CLARIDAD SOBRE EL PROCESO)
Queremos ahora preguntarle dos cosas puntuales: 1. ¿Está de acuerdo con realizar la entrevista? 2. ¿Está 
de acuerdo con que grabemos la sesión para luego poder analizarla con cuidado? (recordar términos de 
confidencialidad y anonimato).
OIM: NIVEL NACIONAL
INSTRUMENTO #1: REHABILITACIÓN PSICOSOCIAL
PREGUNTA(S) DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
PAPSIVI ¿Cómo ha apoyado VISP la implementación del PAPSIVI? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnico-lineamientos-orientaciones 
metodológicas?
¿De qué manera ha apoyado VISP el fortalecimiento y cuidado del talento humano para la 
implementación del? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy el PAPSIVI? ¿se está logrando la rehabilitación?
¿Qué apoyos de cooperación internacional serían aún relevantes para apoyar al PAPSIVI?
427 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1: REHABILITACIÓN PSICOSOCIAL
PREGUNTA(S) DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
3. To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to 
physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have been the 
main factors that contributed to 
improvement or that delayed access 
to these services?
Acceso PAPSIVI ¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la atención psicosocial 
del PAPSIVI?
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas al componente de salud 
de PAPSIVI?
¿Qué brechas existen entre los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder al PAPSIVI?
EREG ¿Cómo ha apoyado VISP la implementación de la EREG? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnico-lineamientos-orientaciones 
metodológicas?
¿De qué manera VISP ha fortalecido el talento humano que implementa la EREG? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy la EREG? 
Acceso a EREG ¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la atención psicosocial 
de la EREG? 
¿Qué brechas existen entre los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a la EREG?
Entrelazando ¿Cómo ha apoyado VISP la implementación del Entrelazando? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnico-lineamientos-orientaciones 
metodológicas?
¿De qué manera VISP ha fortalecido el talento humano para la implementación de Entrelazando?
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy Entrelazando? 
Acceso Entrelazando ¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas en la estrategia 
Entrelazando? 
¿Qué brechas existen entre los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a Entrelazando?
Colectiva étnica ¿Cómo ha apoyado VISP la implementación de acciones de atención psicosocial con enfoque étnico? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnico-lineamientos-orientaciones 
metodológicas?
¿De qué manera VISP ha fortalecido el talento humano que implementa procesos de rehabilitación 
colectiva étnica? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación psicosocial con enfoque étnico? 
Acceso a rehabilitación 
colectiva étnica
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de comunidades étnicas a la rehabilitación 
psicosocial? 
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INSTRUMENTO #1: REHABILITACIÓN PSICOSOCIAL
PREGUNTA(S) DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Qué brechas existen entre los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a la rehabilitación física 
basada en la comunidad?
Otras ¿Se realizó alguna medición comparativa de seguimiento a los 20 casos en salud estudiados en 2016?
Cierre ¿Cómo se realiza seguimiento y monitoreo a los apoyos realizados por el programa en materia de 
rehabilitación psicosocial?
¿Cuáles han sido los cambios más importantes que ha sufrido el programa VISP en materia de 
rehabilitación psicosocial a lo largo de los años?
¿Cuáles fueron los logros y limitaciones más importantes del programa VISP con respecto a la 
rehabilitación psicosocial durante toda su implementación? 
INSTRUMENTO #2: REHABILITACIÓN FÍSICA
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE LA ENTREVISTA 
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
3. To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to 
physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have been the 
main factors that contributed to 
improvement or that delayed access 
to these services?
Rehabilitación física ¿Cómo ha apoyado VISP la implementación de acciones para la rehabilitación física individual? 
¿Cuál ha sido el rol de VISP en materia de desarrollos técnico-lineamientos-orientaciones 
metodológicas?
¿Cómo describiría el cambio de enfoque desde los SECOR hacia los servicios de Rehabilitación funcional 
de baja complejidad?
¿Cómo se han implementado estas orientaciones en los servicios de alta-mediana complejidad y de baja 
complejidad?
¿De qué manera VISP ha realizado acciones para fortalecer y cuidar del talento humano que trabaja para 
la rehabilitación física de personas víctimas? 
¿Cómo valoró OIM la capacidad financiera de los hospitales públicos apoyados y qué seguimientos se 
realizaron en ese sentido? (pensando en la sostenibilidad de los servicios)
¿Cuál fue el proceso de relacionamiento con la Fundación Ideal desde VISP y cómo impactó los 
resultados del trabajo con los hospitales públicos?
¿OIM Fomentó la prestación de servicios de Telemedicina en rehabilitación? ¿Cómo fue este proceso? 
¿Impacto? 
¿cómo describiría los principales logros y retos de la mesa interprofesional en rehabilitación?
429 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #2: REHABILITACIÓN FÍSICA
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE LA ENTREVISTA 
¿Cómo se realiza seguimiento y monitoreo a los apoyos realizados por el programa en materia de 
rehabilitación física?
¿Qué desafíos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación física en servicios de alta-mediana 
complejidad y de baja complejidad? 
Acceso a rehabilitación 
física
¿Qué acciones apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a la rehabilitación física 
en servicios de alta-mediana complejidad y de baja complejidad? 
¿Qué brechas existen entre los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a la rehabilitación física 
individual?
Apoyo al desminado ¿Qué acciones apoyó VISP en la estrategia de ‘Acción integral contra minas’? 
¿Cuáles son los retos de ‘Acción integral contra minas’ en los departamentos VISP?
Cierre ¿Cuáles fueron los logros y limitaciones más importantes del programa VISP con respecto a la 
rehabilitación física durante toda su implementación? 
INSTRUMENTO #3A: REGISTRO 
Registro ([detail removed]) 
entrevista a [detail removed]) 
¿Cómo apoyo VISP el montaje de sistemas de información relacionados con la atención a la población víctima en las entidades a las que 
apoyó? 
¿Cuál era la situación en temas de registro de la población Víctima antes del desarrollo de los sistemas de Información apoyados por 
VISP y cuál es la situación actualmente?
¿De qué manera el apoyo al desarrollo de los sistemas mejoró la atención a población víctima?
Desde su perspectiva, ¿a nivel territorial existe una adecuada apropiación y uso de los sistemas de información apoyados por VISP?
¿Cómo ha incidido el desarrollo de estos sistemas de información en la implementación de la Ley de víctimas y particularmente en los 
procesos de planeación, seguimiento y monitoreo de las entidades territoriales?
¿Cómo ha incidido el desarrollo de estos sistemas de información en la implementación de la Ley de víctimas y particularmente en los 
procesos de planeación, seguimiento y monitoreo de las entidades del orden nacional?
¿Cuáles son los principales desafíos que enfrentan actualmente los sistemas de información en aspectos como su uso efectivo o la 
calidad de la información registrada? (cambios de personal)
Teniendo en cuenta los desafíos mencionados ¿Hacia que acciones o desarrollos estratégicos dirigiría nuevos recursos de cooperación 
internacional en materia de registro y sistemas de información?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 430
INSTRUMENTO #3B: OTRAS MEDIDAS - (DETAIL REMOVED)
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
Indemnización ¿Qué acciones desarrolladas en el marco de VISP tuvieron un impacto positivo en materia del acceso 
de las víctimas a una indemnización? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
Retorno y reubicación ¿Qué acciones desarrolladas en el marco de VISP tuvieron un impacto positivo en los procesos de 
retorno y reubicación de víctimas? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
Reparación colectiva ¿Qué acciones de fortalecimiento institucional y formulación e implementación de políticas, 
desarrolladas en el marco de VISP, tuvieron un impacto positivo en materia de reparación colectiva?
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
Reparations School ¿Qué acciones de fortalecimiento institucional y formulación e implementación de políticas, 
desarrolladas en el marco de VISP, tuvieron un impacto positivo respecto a la escuela de reparaciones 
(Reparations School)? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
Cierre ¿Cuáles fueron los logros y limitaciones más importantes del programa VISP con respecto a la 
rehabilitación física durante toda su implementación? 
INSTRUMENTO #4: APOYO OPERATIVO Y RELACIONAMIENTO (A [DETAIL REMOVED] – POR [DETAIL REMOVED])
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
Apoyo operativo 
(fortalecimiento institucional 
nacional)
¿De qué forma el apoyo operativo a entidades públicas con funciones en materia de asistencia y 
provisión de servicios a las víctimas -por ejemplo, en el diseño y ajuste de estructuras 
organizacionales, la planeación estratégica, la defensa jurídica y los procesos de gestión de calidad- incidió en que dichos servicios mejoraran? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
¿Cómo el apoyo de VISP para consolidar la coordinación horizontal entre entidades de nivel nacional, 
impactó en el acceso de las víctimas a esquemas de asistencia y servicios? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
¿Trabajo con función pública?
Seguimiento y monitoreo Interno 
431 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #4: APOYO OPERATIVO Y RELACIONAMIENTO (A [DETAIL REMOVED] – POR [DETAIL REMOVED])
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Cómo evalúa la estrategia de monitoreo y seguimiento INTERNO de OIM a la operación de VISP? 
¿Qué efectos tuvo analizar los resultados del seguimiento interno en ajustar el programa?
¿Qué estrategias de aprendizaje horizontal se implementaron en VISP (por ejemplo, entre 
territoriales)?
Externo
¿Cuál es el impacto de VISP en el desarrollo e implementación de estrategias de seguimiento, 
monitoreo y evaluación de las entidades del sistema respecto de la provisión de atención y el acceso a 
servicios por parte de las víctimas?
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones? 
¿De qué forma el apoyo de VISP a las entidades públicas incidió en sus procesos de rendición de 
cuentas respecto de la oferta institucional en favor de las víctimas?
¿De qué forma el apoyo de VISP a las entidades del Ministerio Público incidió en el debido seguimiento 
al cumplimiento de la oferta institucional en favor de las víctimas? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
8.What were the main challenges, 
opportunities, and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement to achieve 
VISP results? What recommended 
improvements to future 
programming? 
Relacionamiento ¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las acciones del 
programa VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
¿Cuáles fueron los actores clave no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las 
acciones del programa VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo 
USAID), sector privado
¿En qué medida el programa logró articularse con otros programas de USAID (territorios de 
oportunidad, DDHH, justicia transicional)? ¿Y con otras agencias de cooperación?
¿Qué aprendizajes quedan en materia del relacionamiento entre VISP y aliados o actores clave?
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento?
INSTRUMENTO #4A: (NAME REDACTED)- (FORTALECIMIENTO INSTITUCIONAL)
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Apoyo operativo 
(fortalecimiento institucional 
nacional)
¿Mencione dos o tres desafíos que logre advertir en el relacionamiento de las entidades del SNARIV con las entidades del Sistema Integral de 
Paz?
¿Qué acciones adelantó VISP para contribuir a la superación o resolución de dichos desafíos?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 432
INSTRUMENTO #4A: (NAME REDACTED)- (FORTALECIMIENTO INSTITUCIONAL)
¿Menciones dos o tres desafíos que logre advertir en el relacionamiento interno entre las entidades que conforman el Sistema Integral de Paz?
¿Qué acciones adelantó VISP para contribuir a la superación o resolución de dichos desafíos?
INSTRUMENTO #5A: ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICAS PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
Memoria histórica ¿Cómo valora los aportes del programa VISP a la construcción de memoria histórica en Colombia? 
¿Cómo el programa VISP fortaleció la construcción y difusión de la memoria histórica de manera local y 
regional?
Reparación simbólica ¿Cómo contribuyó VISP a procesos de reparación simbólica de las comunidades afectadas por el conflicto 
armado en Colombia?
Participación ¿Qué apoyos en materia de participación se trabajaron con actores diferentes a las Mesas de Participación 
por ejemplo con organizaciones que manejan temas de enfoque diferencial? (mesas de mujeres, Consejos 
Territoriales de Planeación, mesas de jóvenes). 
Enfoque diferencial ¿Cómo apoyó VISP la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales en su entidad?
¿Qué acciones apoyó VISP con organizaciones de personas víctimas que lideran aspectos del enfoque 
diferencial?
¿Qué iniciativas de formación en enfoques diferenciales apoyó VISP? 
¿Cómo la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales ha impactado los procesos de atención a las personas 
víctimas?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando la perspectiva diferencial en la atención a las personas 
víctimas del conflicto?
¿Cuáles fueron los logros y dificultades más sobresalientes en el apoyo a la construcción de memoria 
histórica?
¿En qué medida el apoyo a la construcción de memoria histórica a nivel local y nacional contribuyó a la 
dignificación de la población víctima? 
¿Qué tanto se ha afectado la construcción de memoria histórica en el país luego de que VISP cesa su trabajo 
con CNMH?
¿Cómo la atención y reparación integral a las víctimas ha sufrido impactos a partir del apoyo a la 
incorporación del enfoque diferencial? 
433 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #5A: ENFOQUE DIFERENCIAL
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICAS PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Cómo valora el trabajo de VISP con el Subcomité Diferencial? ¿Qué dificultades existen hasta el día de hoy 
para la incorporación efectiva de los enfoques diferenciales en la atención y reparación integral de las 
víctimas? 
¿Cuáles fueron las principales contribuciones a la participación efectiva de las víctimas en el marco de la Ley 
1448? 
¿En qué medida el apoyo de VISP deja capacidades instaladas para la sostenibilidad de la participación 
efectiva de las víctimas?
¿Cuáles son los logros y dificultades más sobresalientes en el apoyo a la generación de capacidades de los 
entes territoriales para la implementación de la política pública para víctimas?
¿Cuáles serían las prioridades de fututos apoyos de cooperación internacional en materia de enfoque 
diferencial?
Reparación colectiva ¿Qué acciones de fortalecimiento institucional y formulación e implementación de políticas, desarrolladas en 
el marco de VISP, tuvieron un impacto positivo en materia de reparación colectiva?
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron en este proceso o respecto de la implementación de dichas acciones?
INSTRUMENTO #5B: DESCENTRALIZACIÓN
PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Descentralización En su línea de fortalecimiento institucional ¿Cómo VISP aportó a la descentralización de la política pública para las víctimas? 
¿De qué manera este apoyo impactó la atención a personas víctimas en el territorio? 
¿Cuáles son las principales contribuciones de VISP al fortalecimiento técnico de las entidades territoriales y de las oficinas 
regionales para la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas?
¿Cómo se incorporó en el Modelo temas estructurales en la manera como operan los gobiernos locales, por ejemplo, la alta 
rotación de personal atado al tema político?
¿Como aportó VISP a los ciclos de planeación de la política pública de víctimas?
¿Como apoyó VISP los procesos de empalme entre administraciones salientes y entrantes en materia de política pública de 
víctimas? (¿cuál era el rol de las Mesas de Participación como un posible contrapeso? Tema de formalizar las tareas en manual de 
funciones? O gestión del conocimiento de lo que ya se había hecho? Articulación con Función Pública habría sido posible?)
¿Hubo algún trabajo de VISP con el Comité Nación Territorio o el equipo interinstitucional (por ejemplo, en el tema de 
corresponsabilidad)? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 434
INSTRUMENTO #5B: DESCENTRALIZACIÓN
PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Había alguna estrategia desde VISP sobre generar (y medir) impactos (externalidades) en municipios más allá de los municipios 
VISP? (por ejemplo, ¿con el apoyo a Gobernaciones, o haciendo seguimiento a cómo se replicaban herramientas en otros 
municipios desde UV?)
¿Qué acciones desarrollo VISP para fortalecer la cooperación interna entre dependencias de las entidades del SNARIV? 
INSTRUMENTO #6: SOSTENIBILIDAD DEL APOYO VISP
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICAS PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
1. To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
Capacidad técnica, fiscal y 
sostenibilidad 
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el GoC pueda proyectar hacia el 
futuro los resultados de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de políticas? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en 
particular respecto de las zonas rurales?
Compromiso político ¿Cómo el compromiso político de la institucionalidad ha sido un factor relevante para garantizar la 
sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y el Acuerdo Final?
Marco normativo ¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados por VISP? Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
Participación ciudadana ¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al 
futuro? 
Seguimiento y monitoreo ¿Cuál cree usted que será el papel de los procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento en la sostenibilidad de 
los resultados alcanzados por VISP?
¿De qué manera VISP ha realizado seguimiento y monitoreo a sus acciones implementadas? 
Estrategia de salida ¿En qué medida el programa VISP logró cumplir los End States (estados finales o estados deseados) de su 
estrategia de salida a lo largo de su implementación? 
¿Cómo cambió la estrategia de salida con las diferentes fases de VISP? 
435 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #6: SOSTENIBILIDAD DEL APOYO VISP
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICAS PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Qué tanto cree que las entidades han logrado apropiar integralmente las contribuciones de VISP en su 
trabajo para la reparación de víctimas en Colombia? 
¿Cuáles son las brechas en la apropiación del apoyo de VISP? (no solo ahora que sale el programa, sino 
también durante la implementación, teniendo en cuenta el permanente cambio de personal)
¿Se ha pensado hacer algo para “dejar” en los municipios, tipo “kits de empalme” o cómo están 
trabajando ustedes la entrega de cara al cierre del programa? 
INSTRUMENTO #7: PILOTOS PARA LA ESTABILIZACIÓN ECONÓMICA
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
5. What were the lessons learned 
and results of the VISP pilots 
developed to strengthen the 
capacity of CSOs on economic 
empowerment, employability, and 
incidence in public policies?
Fortalecimiento de 
capacidades productivas, 
dotación, capacidades 
organizativas y 
sostenibilidad.
¿Cuál considera que es el diferencial más importante del modelo de intervención de los Pilotos VISP de 
empoderamiento económico, relativo a otros modelos que implementan otros programas o actores? 
(definir trabajo uno a uno, poder trabajar con organizaciones de diferentes niveles de madurez, el 
intercambio con Territorios de Aprendizaje, la sistematización y reflexión que se hizo) 
¿Considera que el acompañamiento técnico productivo que se dio fue suficiente? ¿Fue exitoso? ¿En qué 
casos sí y en qué casos no?
¿Considera que el acompañamiento comercial que se dio fue suficiente? ¿Fue exitoso? ¿En qué casos sí 
y en qué casos no? (la estrategia de páginas web ¿ha tenido algún impacto? ¿Hacen seguimiento al uso 
de ésta?
¿Cuáles fueron los mayores retos en la implementación de los pilotos?
¿Consideras que los pilotos pudieran haber trabajado más de la mano con ET u otros actores (SENA, 
otros cooperantes, academia, otras OBC)?
¿Qué factores externos incidieron en los resultados de los pilotos de estabilización socioeconómica? 
¿Cómo afectó el COVID?
¿Se incorporaron aspectos de enfoque de género y étnico en el acompañamiento? ¿cómo y con qué 
resultados? 
¿Se incorporaron aspectos ambientales en el acompañamiento? ¿cómo y con qué resultados?
¿Qué tanto seguimiento a los cambios en el desempeño económico de las organizaciones está
realizando desde VISP? ¿Tienen estimaciones de aumentos en ventas, en producción, de alianzas 
comerciales firmadas, etc.? ¿óomo se formaba a las organizaciones en seguimiento? ¿este apoyo fue 
suficiente? 
Varias de las organizaciones no están comercializando tras el apoyo. ¿Cuáles consideran que son los 
mayores retos para garantizar la sostenibilidad de los resultados obtenidos? 
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 436
INSTRUMENTO #7: PILOTOS PARA LA ESTABILIZACIÓN ECONÓMICA
PREGUNTAS DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Considerando la naturaleza de pilotos y el ejercicio de investigación/gestión del conocimiento que se 
hizo alrededor de éstos ¿En qué medida considera que los resultados de los pilotos tuvieron un efecto 
en el desarrollo de política pública? ¿Se dieron a conocer las recomendaciones? ¿Se está implementado 
algo de lo recomendado?
En retrospectiva, ¿consideras que el tema de estabilización económica debió haberse trabajado desde 
el inicio y de manera más central en el programa?
Mi Negocio (detail removed) Además del apoyo a Mi Negocio y de los Pilotos VISP, ¿qué otras acciones de VISP cree que pudieron 
tener algún impacto en generación de ingresos para las víctimas?
Cierre ¿En qué aspectos considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar apoyando la 
estabilización económica de las víctimas? (por ejemplo, desarrollar programas específicos para víctimas, 
fortalecer el enfoque diferencial dentro de programas generales de generación de ingresos, apoyar a 
las entidades a ordenar la ruta de atención y articulación, mejorar la difusión de la oferta, etc.)
OIM OFICINAS TERRITORIALES
INSTRUMENTO #1: ENFOQUE-MEDIDA DE REHABILITACIÓN Y ENFOQUES DIFERENCIALES
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
To what extent do VISP (1) 
institutional strengthening and (2) 
development and implementation of 
public policies have contributed to 
improving the assistance and service 
provision towards Victims? What 
were the main successes and 
challenges of this institutional 
strengthening and public policy 
interventions?
To what extent have VISP-funded 
interventions increased access to 
Rehabilitación 
psicosocial 
¿Cuáles de las siguientes estrategias de rehabilitación psicosocial apoyó VISP en este territorio?: 
PAPSIVI, EREG, Entrelazando y Rehabilitación colectiva étnica. 
A partir de lo anterior se realizan las siguientes preguntas para cada estrategia con presencia territorial: 
¿Cuáles fueron los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP la implementación? 
¿Cuáles fueron los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP en fortalecimiento y cuidado del talento humano en esta 
estrategia? 
¿Qué acciones específicas apoyadas por VISP han facilitado el acceso de personas víctimas a esta estrategia? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrenta hoy la estrategia? 
¿Qué brechas enfrentan los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a esta estrategia? 
437 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
INSTRUMENTO #1: ENFOQUE-MEDIDA DE REHABILITACIÓN Y ENFOQUES DIFERENCIALES
PREGUNTA DE EVALUACIÓN TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? Reparación 
colectiva 
¿Apoyo VISP en su territorio acciones de reparación colectiva?
Si la respuesta es afirmativa se realizan las siguientes preguntas:
¿Qué acciones VISP impactaron en mayor medida los procesos de reparación colectiva en el territorio? 
¿Qué desafíos se presentaron durante la implementación de dichas acciones?
Rehabilitación física Rehabilitación física individual -contexto hospitalario
¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP a la implementación de acciones para la rehabilitación 
física en este territorio? 
¿Qué acciones específicas apoyadas por VISP considera que facilitaron el acceso de personas víctimas a la 
rehabilitación física? 
¿Qué desafíos enfrentan hoy los procesos de rehabilitación física individual para personas víctimas del 
conflicto? 
¿Qué brechas enfrentan los diferentes perfiles poblacionales para acceder a la rehabilitación física?
Enfoque diferencial ¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP a la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales en este 
territorio?
¿Qué acciones apoyó VISP con organizaciones de personas víctimas en materia de enfoque diferencial?
¿Cómo la apropiación de los enfoques diferenciales ha impactado los procesos de atención a las personas 
víctimas?
¿Cuáles son los retos para seguir incorporando la perspectiva diferencial en la atención a las personas víctimas 
del conflicto?
Cierre ¿En qué aspectos considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar apoyando la implementación de 
la Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 438
INSTRUMENTO #2: OTRAS MEDIDAS DE REPARACIÓN, PARTICIPACIÓN Y RELACIONAMIENTO INSTITUCIONAL
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
To what extent do VISP 
(1) institutional 
strengthening and (2) 
development and 
implementation of public 
policies have contributed 
to improving the 
assistance and service 
provision towards 
Victims? What were the 
main successes and 
challenges of this 
institutional strengthening 
and public policy 
interventions?
2. What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP￾supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results?
7. What were the main 
results and lessons learned 
of the VISP institutional 
and technical adaptation 
strategy to support the 
Peace Accord 
implementation? 
Memoria histórica y 
reparación simbólica
¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP a los procesos de reparación simbólica de las comunidades 
afectadas por el conflicto armado en este territorio? 
¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP para la construcción y difusión de la memoria histórica de 
manera local y regional?
¿Cómo valora los aportes del programa VISP a la construcción de memoria histórica en este territorio? 
 
Descentralización LV ¿Cuáles son las principales contribuciones de VISP al fortalecimiento técnico de las entidades territoriales/oficinas 
regionales para la implementación de la Ley de Víctimas?
¿De qué manera este apoyo impactó la atención a personas víctimas en el territorio? 
Participación: LV, SIP y 
sostenibilidad.
¿Cuáles han sido los apoyos más estratégicos de VISP a los procesos de participación para las víctimas en el marco 
de la Ley 1448 en este territorio? ¿y en el marco del SIP? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros y desafíos del trabajo de VISP en materia de apoyo a la participación en el 
marco de la LV? ¿y en el marco del SIP? 
¿Cuál cree usted que es el impacto de la participación ciudadana en los resultados alcanzados por VISP? 
¿Cómo lograr mantener los espacios y garantías de participación logradas hasta el momento? 
¿Qué brechas en la participación de los diferentes grupos de víctimas deben ser atendidas de cara al futuro? 
8. What were the main 
challenges, opportunities, 
and contributions of 
stakeholder engagement 
to achieve VISP results?
Relacionamiento
¿Cuáles fueron los actores institucionales y no-institucionales más relevantes para la implementación de las 
acciones del programa VISP? ¿Cómo contribuyeron? 
*Cerciorarse de cubrir: personas víctimas y organizaciones, cooperación internacional (incluyendo USAID), sector privado, 
ONGs e instituciones a nivel nacional y local.
¿Cuáles fueron los principales retos y dificultades del relacionamiento entre VISP y los actores institucionales y no 
institucionales? 
¿Qué aprendizajes implicaron estos retos?
439 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
2. What gaps and 
challenges do the GOC 
face to sustain VISP- supported institutional 
strengthening and policy 
implementation results?
Capacidad técnica, fiscal y 
marco normativo para la 
sostenibilidad.
¿Qué capacidades técnicas y fiscales considera necesarias para que el gobierno pueda ampliar y sostener hacia el 
futuro los resultados de VISP en materia de fortalecimiento institucional e implementación de políticas? 
¿Qué brechas o desafíos enfrenta el estado colombiano para alcanzar tal objetivo de sostenibilidad, en particular en 
zonas rurales?
¿Cómo ha incidido el compromiso político de la institucionalidad en garantizar la sostenibilidad de los resultados 
alcanzados con el apoyo de VISP? 
¿Cómo evalúa esta situación a la luz de la continuidad de la Ley de Víctimas y del Acuerdo Final?
¿En qué medida el marco normativo actual es adecuado para la sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados por 
VISP? Especialmente en relación con el Acuerdo Final y la Ley de Víctimas
Efectos de la Pandemia 
COVID-19 sobre el 
programa 
¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 en la implementación de las acciones apoyadas por VISP en el 
territorio? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones apoyadas por VISP en 
el territorio?
Cierre ¿En qué aspectos considera que la cooperación internacional podría continuar apoyando la implementación de la 
Ley de Víctimas y el acuerdo de paz en Colombia?
HEARTLAND
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
Introducción Cuénteme un poco sobre el rol que desempeña actualmente y hace cuánto lo desempeña
Cuénteme de manera general qué conoce sobre el programa ACOPLE de USAID y lo que se conoce como el CAM
4. What are the main 
strengths and 
weaknesses of the 
“Community Agent 
Model”? 
Modelo CAM
¿Cuál cree usted que es el diferencial del modelo CAM en relación con otros modelos de atención? 
¿Cuáles fueron los principales logros de la implementación del CAM? 
¿Cuáles fueron los desafíos de la adaptación del CAM al contexto Colombiano?
¿Qué ventajas y limitaciones implicó que los acompañamientos fueran realizados por personas víctimas del conflicto armado? 
¿Cómo se articuló el modelo con otras ofertas institucionales dirigidas a la población víctima del conflicto armado? 
¿Cómo se articuló el modelo con la oferta psicosocial de atención a población víctima?
¿Cómo se plantea el proceso de seguimiento a las personas atendidas en el CAM?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 440
INSTRUMENTO #1
PREGUNTA DE 
EVALUACIÓN
TEMÁTICA PREGUNTAS DE ENTREVISTA
¿Qué actividades de fortalecimiento y cuidado del talento humano se ejecutaron como parte del CAM?
¿Se realizaron acciones de trasferencia de conocimiento-metodología del CAM a instituciones públicas o privadas? (De 
acuerdo con la respuesta precisar si se efectuaron acciones de trasferencia a Papsivi, EREG, y entrelazando). 
¿Cuál fue el impacto de este proceso de transferencia?
Efectos Covid-19 ¿Qué cambios supuso la pandemia Covid-19 para la implementación del CAM? 
¿Qué otros factores externos implicaron retos o limitaciones para implementar las acciones del CAM?
Sostenibilidad ¿Qué capacidades técnicas y financieras considera necesarias para que el CAM sea sostenible? 
¿Qué aprendizajes de la implementación de CAM considera útiles para el sistema de salud colombiano? (trabajar con agentes 
locales apropiados a la cultura, remunerar a los agentes, modelo flexible). 
441 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
2. DIGITAL SURVEYS
DIGITAL SURVEY TO VICTIMS’ ATTENTION POINTS
A. Información general
Municipio del punto de atención a Víctimas: ____________
Cargo de quien responde la encuesta: ______________
B. Disponibilidad de equipos y acceso a servicios
1. ¿El punto de atención tiene los siguientes equipos y estos funcionan?
a. Computador de escritorio No tiene__ Tiene, pero no funciona__ Tiene y funciona__
b. Computador portátil No tiene__ Tiene, pero no funciona__ Tiene y funciona__
c. Teléfono fijo No tiene__ Tiene, pero no funciona__ Tiene y funciona__
d. Teléfono celular No tiene__ Tiene, pero no funciona__ Tiene y funciona__ 
e. Impresora No tiene__ Tiene, pero no funciona__ Tiene y funciona__
f. Fotocopiadora No tiene__ Tiene, pero no funciona__ Tiene y funciona__
2. El punto de atención cuenta con acceso a los siguientes servicios:
a. Agua Sí __ No__
b. Electricidad Sí __ No__
c. Internet Sí __ No__
3. ¿El punto de atención cuenta con acceso al Sistema de Información VIVANTO? Sí __ No__
Si el punto de atención cuenta con acceso a VIVANTO:
3.1 ¿Para qué se usa el Sistema de Información VIVANTO? (seleccione todas las que aplican)
a. Para realizar consultas sobre la población atendida
b. Para registrar información de la población atendida
c. Para hacer reportes periódicos en el sistema sobre la población atendida
d. Otro proceso ¿cuál?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 442
4. ¿El punto de atención hace uso regular de otros sistemas de información o registros administrativos 
(por ejemplo, SISBEN, listados censales indígenas, registros de programas sociales)? 
Sí __ No__
Si la respuesta es afirmativa, escriba cuales sistemas de información usa regularmente: 
________________
5. ¿El punto de atención aplica instrumentos de registro o caracterización de la población víctima 
atendida (por ejemplo, Entrevista única de caracterización)? Sí __ No__
Si la respuesta es afirmativa, indique cuales instrumentos aplica: ________________
C. Disponibilidad de recurso humano, roles y capacidades
6. ¿Cuántas personas trabajan permanentemente en el punto de atención? ____
. Relacione el número de trabajadores reportados en la pregunta anterior en cada categoría:
Personal en cargos directivos: ___
Personal en cargos administrativos: ___
Personal para atención al público: ___
Personal de servicios generales: ___
Personal en otros cargos: ___
7. ¿El personal del punto de atención ha recibido capacitación sobre los siguientes temas?
a. Ley de víctimas Sí __ No__
En caso de que si
¿Qué entidad brindó la capacitación? ______ y ¿en qué año? __________
b. Enfoque diferencial (mujer, étnico, discapacidad, otros) Sí __ No__
En caso de que si ¿Qué entidad brindó la capacitación? ______ y ¿en qué año? __________
c. Atención al público Sí __ No__
En caso de que si ¿Qué entidad brindó la capacitación? ______ y ¿en qué año? __________
d. Autocuidado Sí __ No__
En caso de que si ¿Qué entidad brindó la capacitación? ______ y ¿en qué año? __________
443 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
e. Otro ¿cuál? _________
D. Apoyos por parte de VISP 
8. ¿Conoce el programa de Fortalecimiento Institucional para las Víctimas del Conflicto Armado (VISP) 
de USAID implementado por OIM? Sí __ No__
LAS PREGUNTAS 9 A 12 SE APLICAN SOLO A MUNICIPIOS VISP, Y SOLO EN LOS FORMULARIOS 
DONDE DIGAN QUE SÍ LO CONOCEN. 
9. ¿Este punto de atención fue objeto de mejoras locativas con recursos VISP a través de OIM?
Sí __ No__
10. ¿Este punto de atención recibió equipamiento con recursos VISP a través de OIM?
Sí __ No__
11. ¿El personal del punto de atención recibió entrenamiento o formación con recursos VISP a través de 
OIM?
Sí __ No__
E. Percepción de intervenciones VISP y necesidades de apoyo
12. En una escala de 1 a 5, siendo 1 “Nada importante” y 5 “muy importante”, ¿qué tan importante cree 
que ha sido el apoyo de VISP-OIM para su IPS?
a. Mejoras locativas 1__ 2__ 3__4__5__No aplica__
b. Equipamiento 1__ 2__ 3__4__5__ No aplica__
c. Formación del talento humano 1__ 2__ 3__4__5__ No aplica__
13. Seleccione de estas 4 necesidades de apoyo que tiene la IPS en relación con la prestación de los 
servicios de rehabilitación, las 2 necesidades más importantes.
(Para puntos de atención en ambos tipos de municipio)
a. Contratación de profesionales
b. Mejoras locativas
c. Equipamiento de los servicios 
d. Formación al talento humano 
e. Otra ¿cuál? ____,
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 444
DIGITAL SURVEY TO HEALTH FACILITIES 
a. Información general
Nombre de la IPS: _____________
Municipio de la IPS: ____________
Cargo de quien responde la encuesta: ______________
b. Servicios de rehabilitación física ofrecidos por la IPS
1. ¿Actualmente la IPS brinda los siguientes servicios para la rehabilitación física?
a. Fisioterapia
Sí __ No__
b. Terapia ocupacional
Sí __ No__
c. Terapia del lenguaje -fonoaudiología
Sí __ No__
d. Medicina física
Sí __ No__
e. Otro ¿cuál? ____
I.I Si una o más de las respuestas anteriores es afirmativa: Señale en qué nivel de complejidad presta los 
servicios para la rehabilitación física
Nivel de complejidad donde se presta
Servicio 
Alta Mediana Baja No lo presta
Fisioterapia
Terapia ocupacional
c. Terapia del lenguaje -fonoaudiología
d. Medicina física
e. Otro
445 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
2.1 Si la IPS no brinda servicios de rehabilitación física actualmente, precise la razón:
a. No cuenta con los servicios habilitados 
b. No cuenta con los profesionales contratados 
c. No cuenta con los servicios contratados con ninguna EPS
f. Otra ¿cuál? ____
Si la IPS brinda actualmente servicios de rehabilitación:
3. De los 7 días de la semana, ¿cuántos días ofrece esta IPS servicios de rehabilitación física? (Escriba el 
número) 
a. Fisioterapia _ 
b. Terapia ocupacional _
c. Terapia del lenguaje -fonoaudiología _
d. Medicina física _
e. Otro ____
c. Identificación de las víctimas del conflicto armado
6. ¿La IPS utiliza actualmente un mecanismo para identificar a las personas víctimas del conflicto armado 
que acceden a los servicios de rehabilitación?
a. Si, a través de la consulta del Registro Único de Víctimas-RUV
b. Si, a través de derivaciones o consultas con otras instituciones.
c. No. 
Si la respuesta anterior es a ó b
6.1 ¿Cuenta la IPS con información de registros consolidados sobre las personas víctimas del conflicto 
armado atendidas en sus servicios de rehabilitación?
Sí __ No__
d. Incorporación del enfoque diferencial 
7. ¿La IPS actualmente cuenta con mecanismos para implementar los siguientes enfoques diferenciales en 
los procesos de rehabilitación física que brinda?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 446
a. Enfoque de género Sí __ No__
b. Enfoque de NNA Sí __ No__
c. Enfoque étnico Sí __ No__
d. Enfoque psicosocial Sí __ No__
f. Otra ¿cuál? ____
8. ¿La IPS brinda actualmente servicios de rehabilitación diferenciales para personas víctimas de violencia 
sexual en el marco del conflicto armado?
Sí __ No__
9. ¿Los servicios de rehabilitación física que brinda su IPS actualmente se articulan con los servicios de 
rehabilitación psicosocial dirigidos a la población víctima del conflicto armado?
a. Si, a través de derivación de casos con la UARIV (estrategia EREG, entrelazando)
b. Si, a través de derivación de casos desde y hacia el PAPSIVI.
c. No, no se articulan.
e. Apoyos recibidos por parte de VISP
10. ¿Conoce el programa de Fortalecimiento Institucional para las Víctimas del Conflicto 
Armado (VISP) de USAID implementado por OIM?
Sí __ No__
11. ¿La IPS recibió apoyo para mejoras locativas con recursos del programa de Fortalecimiento 
institucional para las víctimas del conflicto armado -VISP a través de OIM en estos aspectos?
b. Para prestar servicios de rehabilitación física de baja complejidad 
Sí __ No__
b. Para prestar servicios de rehabilitación física de mediana complejidad
Sí __ No__
c. Para prestar servicios de rehabilitación física de alta complejidad
Sí __ No__
d. No recibió apoyo con mejoras locativas 
Sí __ No__ 
447 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
12. La IPS recibió apoyo en equipamiento (por ejemplo: balones, bandas elásticas, manijas, 
rampas, aros, bastones, sillas, mesas, etc.) con recursos del programa de Fortalecimiento 
institucional para las víctimas del conflicto armado -VISP a través de OIM para: 
a. Prestar servicios de rehabilitación física de baja complejidad 
Sí __ No__
b. Prestar servicios de rehabilitación física de mediana complejidad 
Sí __ No__
c. Para prestar servicios de rehabilitación física de alta complejidad
Sí __ No__d. No recibió equipamiento
Sí __ No__
13. ¿La IPS recibió apoyo por parte de OIM-VISP para cada uno de estos aspectos?:
a. Fortalecer el mercadeo de los servicios de rehabilitación con EPS
Sí __ No__
b. Fortalecer el mercadeo de los servicios de rehabilitación con Secretaría de Salud
Sí __ No__ 
c. Formar al talento humano que presta servicios de rehabilitación.
Sí __ No__
d. Dar a conocer o comunicar la existencia de los servicios de rehabilitación con la población general.
Sí __ No__
e. Dar a conocer o comunicar la existencia de los servicios de rehabilitación con la población víctima del 
conflicto armado.
Sí __ No__
f. Otra ¿cuál? ____
f. Percepción de intervenciones VISP y necesidades de apoyo
14. En una escala de 1 a 5, siendo 1 “Nada importante” y 5 “muy importante”, ¿qué tan importante cree 
que ha sido el apoyo de VISP-OIM para su IPS?
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 448
a. Contratación de profesionales 1__ 2__ 3__4__5__No aplica__
b. Mejoras locativas 1__ 2__ 3__4__5__ No aplica__
c. Equipamiento de los servicios 1__ 2__ 3__4__5__ No aplica__
d. Formación al talento humano 1__ 2__ 3__4__5__ No aplica__
e. Fortalecimiento de rutas de atención en salud para el acceso a la rehabilitación física (procesos de 
referencia y contra referencia entre IPS) 1__ 2__ 3__4__5__ No aplica__
g. Mercadeo de los servicios de rehabilitación física con EPS y Secretarías de Salud 1__ 2__ 
3__4__5__ No aplica__
h. Otra ¿cuál? ____,
15. Seleccione de estas 5 necesidades de apoyo que tiene la IPS en relación con la prestación de los 
servicios de rehabilitación, las 3 necesidades más importantes.
a. Habilitación de los servicios de rehabilitación
b. Contratación de profesionales
c. Mejoras locativas
d. Equipamiento de los servicios 
e. Formación al talento humano 
f. Fortalecimiento de rutas de atención en salud para el acceso a la rehabilitación (procesos de referencia 
y contra referencia entre IPS)
g. Mercadeo de los servicios de rehabilitación con EPS y Secretarías de Salud
h. Otra ¿cuál? ____,
449 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
ANNEX F - SOURCES OF INFORMATION
In this annex we list i) the documents revised as secondary qualitative data, ii) the interviews carried 
out, iii) the secondary data sources used for the quantitative analysis, and iv) the victim’s attention point 
and municipality health centers interviewed through the digital surveys. 
1. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED AS SECONDARY QUALITATIVE DATA
TABLE 45. LIST OF DOCUMENTS REVIEWED
Resumen ejecutivo PAPSIVI
Evaluación del conocimiento y actitudes de la población y víctima en temas de rehabilitación en salud, informe final
Manejo del trauma desde lo psicosocial
Harvard - evaluación medidas reparaciones integrales
Mapeo de la oferta psicosocial
Consultoría OIM-DNP; Estándares para las actuaciones psicosociales
WP year 1 (2012-2013)
WP year 2 (oct 13-sept 14)
WP year 3 (oct 14- sept 15)
WP year 4 (oct 15- apr 16)
WP year 4B (apr 16- oct 16)
WP year 5 (oct 16- sept 17)
WP year 6 (oct 2017-sept 2018)
WP year 7 (oct 2018-sept 2019)
WP year 8 (oct 19-abr 20)
WP year 9 (oct 20 - sept 21)
Matriz estrategia VISP 2017-2020 
Balance 2017 VISP
AMELP 
PIRS (performance indicator reference sheet)
Q1 a Q4 año 1
Q1 a Q4 año 2
Q1 a Q4 año 3
Q1 a Q4 año 4
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 450
TABLE 45. LIST OF DOCUMENTS REVIEWED
Q1 a Q4 año 5
Q1 a Q4 año 6
Q1 a Q4 año 7
Q1 a Q4 año 8
Q1 a Q4 año 9
Q1 a Q4 año 10
Informe total de percepción sobre la Estrategia de Recuperación Emocional a Nivel Grupal de la Unidad de Víctimas
Evaluación PAPSIVI informe final
Evaluación de impacto a la medida de rehabilitación colectiva de la unidad para las víctimas
Strengthening functional rehabilitation services
Noviembre 2016 - servicios de rehabilitación
Informe final - Fase II servicios de rehabilitación 2021
Último informe de la Procuraduría sobre la implementación de la Ley
Último informe de la Defensoría sobre implementación de la Ley
Informe Defensoría sobre generación ingresos
Informe al avance de política de Gobierno (Oferta de programa de acompañamiento de inversión de indemnización y 
generación de ingresos 2012-2018)
CONPES 3616 de 2009 generación ingresos
Informes de seguimiento a CONPES 3726
Recomendaciones de la Corte Constitucional
CONPES 4031 de 2021 política integral de víctimas
Plan Nacional de Generación de Ingresos
Ley de Emprendimiento
Metodología ARCO
ACOPLE final ev
Artículo ACOPLE cualitativo
COPLE el corazón de una experiencia comunitaria
Aranguren y Rubio
Buenas prácticas acompañamiento indígenas
451 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 45. LIST OF DOCUMENTS REVIEWED
Fandino et al 2016
Fandino et al 2017
Fandino et al 2017 narrative community
Final report activities (reporte formacion agentes comunitarios)
Protocolo grupal completo
Protocolo individual 17052020
Dx necesidades plan de estudios
M&E Plan ACOPLE for USAID
Annex 1 -ACOPLE CE matriz
ACOPLE sostenible dic 18 clean
Organigrama VISP 2021
Informe final apoyo Mi Negocio
Sistematización OIM 2020
Reporte final encuesta percepción 2021
Partes pertinentes resúmenes ejecutivos de 8 informes de la comisión de seguimiento a la implementación de la ley
Planes de fortalecimiento de 3 municipios
Revisar informes de resultados de los mismos 3 planes de fortalecimiento
PPT resumen fases 1 a 7
Strengthening functional rehab services 2016 PDF
Strengthening functional rehab services informe final fase II 2021 PDF
Informe metodológico eval PAPSIVI
Revision de sistematizacion de lecciones aprendidas por fase
Revision de matriz de actividades y producto por fase
Archivo producto documento de recomendación para incorporación enfoque diferencial PDT y PAT
Ficha programa 1024; 1180; 1168
• Third report to congress on the state of progress of the implementation of the peace agreement
• Tenth verification report of the implementation of the Final Agreement of Peace in Colombia (CINEP / PPP-CERAC)
• Five years of implementation of the Final Agreement in Colombia: achievements, challenges, and opportunities for increase 
deployment levels (Kroc Institute and University of Notre Dame)
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 452
TABLE 45. LIST OF DOCUMENTS REVIEWED
Balance de la PP víctimas 2020
Documento final sistematización IR2
Reporte final evaluación IPA
Documento diseño e implementación de acciones para fortalecer estrategias estabilización socioeconómica y empleo víctimas 
Documento ley de víctimas y su derecho a estabilización socio- económica
Documento Hallazgos y recomendaciones PP estabilización socio económica y empleo rural víctimas 
Doc final gestión del conocimiento
DOCUMENTO CONCEPTUAL DEL MODELO DE INCLUSIÓN LABORAL CON ENFOQUE DE CIERRE DE BRECHAS
Atención diferencial para víctimas del conflicto armado interno – Ruta de empleabilidad
Informe narrativo final para la Unidad Administrativa Especial del Servicio Público de Empleo (UASPE)
parte de GI del último informe procuraduría LV
parte del CONPES 2078 de 2021 sobre línea generación ingresos
Informe final de análisis EREG 2021
Sistematización pilotaje estrategia comunitaria rehabilitación
Pilotaje certificación discapacidad
Informe consolidado OIM EREG
LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
TABLE 46. LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
# ORGANIZACIÓN ROLE OF INTERVIEWEE NAME OF INTERVIEWEE DATE
1 CNMH Coordinadora Cooperación (name redacted) 03/03/2022
2 organización Pilotos 
VISP Representante legal y asociada (name redacted) 01/03/22
3 ART Enlace (name redacted) 01/03/22
4 Enlace municipal Coordinador centro atención (name redacted) 02/03/22
5 Personería Personera municipal (name redacted) 01/03/2022
6 Población víctima Representantes de comunidades 
étnicas (name redacted) 01/03/2022
7 OIM Coordinación regional OIM 
Caquetá (name redacted) 02/03/2022
453 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 46. LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
# ORGANIZACIÓN ROLE OF INTERVIEWEE NAME OF INTERVIEWEE DATE
8 Mesa de Víctimas de 
Florencia Representantes de mesa de víctimas (name redacted) 03/03/2022
9 UARIV Profesional de Nación Territorio (name redacted) 01/03/2022
10 UARIV Profesionales de Participación y 
Asuntos Étnicos (name redacted) 02/03/2022
11 Alcaldía Montañita Enlace de víctimas (name redacted) 03/03/2022
12 Alcaldía Montañita Alcalde (name redacted) 03/03/2022
13 Mesa de Víctimas de 
Montañita 
Ex coordinadora de la mesa de 
víctimas (name redacted) 03/03/2022
14 Defensoría del Pueblo Asesor del Despacho del Defensor 
del Pueblo (name redacted) 28/02/2022
15 OIM Coordinación regional OIM 
Caquetá (name redacted) 01/03/2022
16 Defensoria del Pueblo
1. Defensora Comunitaria -
Defensoria del pueblo regional 
Caquetá 
2. Profesional Especializado -
Defensoria del Pueblo Regional 
Caquetá 
3. Defensor del Pueblo Regional 
Caquetá 
(name redacted) 01/03/2022
17 Hospital Departamental 
Maria Inmaculada
1. Fisioterapeuta 
2. Directora operativa servicios 
ambulatorios 
(name redacted) 02/03/2022
18 PAPSIVI Promotoras psicosociales PAPSIVI (name redacted) 02/03/2022
19 PAPSIVI Beneficiarias PAPSIVI (name redacted) 03/03/2022
20
Centro de salud La 
Montañita (Adscrito al 
Htal Departamental 
María Inamaculada)
1.Coordinador Centro de salud
2.Fisioterapeuta
3.Piscóloga
(name redacted) 03/03/2022
21 OIM local Coordinación regional OIM Cauca (name redacted) 08/03/2022
22 PAPSIVI Promotora psicosocial PAPSIVI (name redacted) 08/03/2022
23 Alcaldia Popayán
Ex-secretario de gobierno 
Gobernación y Ex-secretario de 
gobierno Popayán
(name redacted) 08/03/2022
24
Sujeto de reparación 
colectiva: Vereda La 
Rejoya
Integrantes del comité de impulso 
del sujeto de reparación colectiva (name redacted) 09/03/2022
25 Asociación ASOMESC 1. Representante legal
2. Asociada (name redacted) 09/03/2022
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 454
TABLE 46. LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
# ORGANIZACIÓN ROLE OF INTERVIEWEE NAME OF INTERVIEWEE DATE
26 MInisterio del Interior Coordinadora Programa Protección 
Lideresas y Defensoras (name redacted) 09/03/2022
27 UARIV Coordinadora Cooperación 
Internacional (name redacted) 10/03/2022
28 Autoridades étnicas Autoridades étnicas 
departamentales (name redacted) 08/03/2022
29 Gobernación Cauca Dirección cooperación internacional (name redacted) 08/03/2022
30 OIM Coordinadora regional OIM (name redacted) 09/03/2022
31 UARIV Funcionarios UARIV DT Cauca (name redacted) 09/03/2022
32 ART Funcionaria ART - Pilar 8 (name redacted) 09/03/2022
33 Defensoría del Pueblo Funcionarios defensoría regional (name redacted) 09/03/2022
34 Mesa de Víctimas 
Popayán Representantes de mesa de víctimas (name redacted) 09/03/2022
35 Comisaría de Familia de 
Caldono Comisaria de familia (name redacted) 10/03/2022
36 Mesa de Víctimas 
Caldono Representantes de mesa de víctimas (name redacted) 10/03/2022
37 Personería de Caldono Personero de Caldono (name redacted) 10/03/2022
38 Ministerio de 
Agricultura (name redacted) 11/03/2022
39 Departamento de 
Prosperidad Social (name redacted) 09/02/2022
40 UARIV Funcionarios UARIV DT Cauca (name redacted) 10/03/2022
41 ESE Salud Popayán Coordinador de punto (name redacted) 10/03/2022
42 Ministerio del Interior Coordinadora Programa Prevención 
DDH (name redacted) 14/03/2022
43 Alcaldía de Caldono Enlace de victimas (name redacted) 10/03/2022
44 ESE Salud Popayán Fisioterapeuta, centro de 
rehabilitación (name redacted) 10/03/2022
45 JEP Profesional Especializada 
Cooperación (name redacted) 15/03/2022
46 OIM Nacional Especialista en Rehabilitación Física (name redacted) 17/03/2022
47 OIM local Coordinadora y especialistas (name redacted) 16/03/2022
455 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 46. LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
# ORGANIZACIÓN ROLE OF INTERVIEWEE NAME OF INTERVIEWEE DATE
48 Alcaldía (Museo casa de 
la memoria) Asesora Casa de la memoria (name redacted) 16/03/2022
49 Promotor PAPSIVI Promotor (name redacted) 16/03/2022
50 EREG Beneficiarias ereg (name redacted) 17/03/2022
51 ART Coordinador Pilar 8 (name redacted) 17/03/2022
52 Asociación 
Asproquema Representante legal (name redacted) 18/03/2022
53 UARIV Subdirectora (name redacted) 18/03/2022
54 Gobernación de 
Antioquia Directora (name redacted) 16/03/2022
55 UARIV Profesionales Especializados en 
Atención Psicosocial (name redacted) 16/03/2022
56 UARIV
Profesionales Especializadas en 
Retornos, Rep Colectiva, 
Participación, Psicosocial y Coop 
Internacional 
(name redacted) 16/03/2022
57 CEV Regional Profesional especializada en Diálogo 
Social (name redacted) 17/03/2022
58
Mesa de Paricipación 
de Medellín y de 
Antioquia
Coordinadora Mesa de Participación 
de Víctimas (name redacted) 17/03/2022
59 UARIV Profesionales especializados en 
Registro y Participación (name redacted) 17/03/2022
60 Alcaldía Dabeiba Enlace para las víctimas (name redacted) 19/03/2022
61
Hospital Nuestra 
señora del Perpetuo 
Socorro
Subdirectora asistencial. (name redacted) 18/03/2022
62 Mesa de Víctimas de 
Dabeiba Integrante de la mesa (name redacted) 18/03/2022
63 Personeria Municipal 
Dabeiba Personero (name redacted) 21/03/2022
64 Alcaldía Municipal 
Dabeiba Ex Secretario de Gobierno (name redacted) 21/03/2022
65 DNP Profesional Coordinación Equipo 
Víctima (name redacted) 24/03/2022
66 Alcaldia Quibdó Enlace de cooperación internacional (name redacted) 23/03/2022
67 Hospital Isamael Roldán
1. Gerente
2. Trabajadora social
3. Fisioterapeuta
(name redacted) 23/03/2022
USAID.GOV VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | 456
TABLE 46. LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
# ORGANIZACIÓN ROLE OF INTERVIEWEE NAME OF INTERVIEWEE DATE
68 Mesa de participación 
de Quibdó
1.Miembro mesa municipal de 
participación
2. Coordinador mesa municipal de 
participación
(name redacted) 23/03/2022
69 OIM Coordinador territorial Chocó (name redacted) 23/03/2022
70 HEARTALLIANCE -
ACOPLE
Agentes comunitarios estrategia 
ACOPLE (name redacted) 24/03/2022
71 ART
1. Asesora PDT Región Chocó
2. Sectorialista del pilar de 
reconciliación convivencia y 
construcción de paz
(name redacted) 24/03/2022
72 HEARTALLIANCE -
ACOPLE
1. Coordinadora ACOPLE
2.Psicólogo ACOPLE (name redacted) 24/03/2022
73 OIM Coordinador territorial Chocó (name redacted) 24/03/2022
74 Autoridades étnicas 
Bojayá
1.Lider comunitario de reparación 
colectiva -comunidad Mojoyó
2.Lider comunitario Resguardo alto 
rio Bojayá
(name redacted) 25/03/2022
75 UARIV
1. Registro y gestión de la 
información 
2. Inversiones adecuadas -
reparación individual
3. Nación-territorio
4. Profesional cooperación 
internacional.
(name redacted) 25/03/2022
76 Ministerio del Interior
Ex Coordinador del Grupo de 
Articulación Interna para la Política 
de Víctimas del Conflicto Armado
(name redacted) 25/03/2022
77 Defensoría Asesor derechos humanos (name redacted) 22/03/2022
78 Corpoacho asociados (name redacted) 22/03/2022
79 Alcaldia Enlace Víctimas (name redacted) 22/03/2022
80 Alcaldia Enlace Víctimas (name redacted) 23/03/2022
81 Alcaldía Ex Secretario de Gobierno (name redacted) 23/03/2022
82 OIM Coordinador territorial Vigía del 
Fuerte (name redacted) 23/03/2022
83 Centro Salud Vigía Director centro salud (name redacted) 24/03/2022
84 OIM Coordinador territorial Vigía del 
Fuerte (name redacted) 24/03/2022
85 Mesa Victimas Vigia Presidente y miembro mesa (name redacted) 24/03/2022
86 Mesa Victimas Vigia Presidente y miembro mesa (name redacted) 24/03/2022
457 | VISP FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV
TABLE 46. LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
# ORGANIZACIÓN ROLE OF INTERVIEWEE NAME OF INTERVIEWEE DATE
87 Promotores PAPSIVI Promotores PAPSIVI (name redacted) 24/03/2022
88 UARIV Asesoras UARIV (name redacted) 25/03/2022
89 CEV Coordinadora enfoque psicosocial (name redacted) 29/03/2022
90 Ministerio de Salud y 
Protección social
Coordinadora grupo de asitencia y 
reparación a población vícitma (name redacted) 29/03/2022
91 Ministerio de Salud y 
Protección social
1. Coordinadora grupo de asitencia 
y reparación a población vícitma
2.Coordinadora grupo de gestión en 
discapacidad 
(name redacted) 29/03/2022
92 Insituto CISALVA
Investigador y coordinador de 
ACOPLE desde el Instituto 
CISALVA
(name redacted) 30/03/2022
93 HEARTALLIANCE Director país (name redacted) 31/03/2022
94 Alcaldía Pasto Ex Enlace de víctimas (name redacted) 29/03/2022
95 Gobernación Ex Enlace de víctimas (name redacted) 29/03/2022
96 Gobernación Ex Enlace de víctimas (name redacted) 29/03/2022
97 Promotores PAPSIVI Ex Promotor psicosocial PAPSIVI (name redacted) 29/03/2022
98 Alcaldía Pasto Coordinadora atención a víctimas 
Alcaldía (name redacted) 30/03/2022
99 OIM Coordinador territorial OIM 
Nariño (name redacted) 30/03/2022
100
Asociación Agrícola San 
Francisco de Cruz de 
Amarillo
Representante legal / Secretaria (name redacted) 30/03/2022
101 Promotores PAPSIVI Ex Promotora psicosocial PAPSIVI (name redacted) 30/03/2022
102 Gobernación Córdoba Secretario de Interior (name redacted) 30/03/2022
103 UARIV Córdoba Funcionarios UARIV (name redacted) 30/03/2022
104 Alcaldía Montería Director Centro de Atención 
Regional (name redacted) 31/03/2022
105 Defensoría del Pueblo Dupla psicosocial (name redacted) 31/03/2022
106 Hospital Coordinadora rehabilitación y 
coordinadora calidad (name redacted) 31/03/2022
107 OIM Coordinadora VISP y consultor (name redacted) 31/03/2022
108 Mesa Departamental Miembros mesa de víctimas (name redacted) 31/03/2022
109 Alcaldía Tierralta Enlace de Víctimas (name redacted) 01/04/2022
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TABLE 46. LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
# ORGANIZACIÓN ROLE OF INTERVIEWEE NAME OF INTERVIEWEE DATE
110 Mesa Municipal Miembros mesa de víctimas (name redacted) 01/04/2022
111 Personería Municipal Antigua personera municipal (name redacted) 01/04/2022
112 Corregimiento la 
Bonita Beneficiario apoyo retorno (name redacted) 01/04/2022
113 Promotores PAPSIVI Promotores PAPSIVI (name redacted) 30/03/2022
114 OIM Coordinadora regional OIM 
Córdoba (name redacted) 30/03/2022
115 Beneficiarios de 
rehabilitación física Beneficiarios de rehabilitación física (name redacted) 31/03/2022
116 ART Coordinación regional ART 
Córdoba (name redacted) 31/03/2022
117 UARIV UARIV Dirección Territorial 
Córdoba (name redacted) 31/03/2022
118 Pilotos Generación de 
Ingresos Representantes ARPASINU (name redacted) 01/04/2022
119 Hospital San José, 
Tierralta
Ex-coordinador hospital San José en 
Tierralta (name redacted) 01/04/2022
120 Alcaldía Tierralta Secretario de gobierno y ex-enlace 
para las víctimas en Tierralta (name redacted) 01/04/2022
121
Mesa Municipal de 
Participación de 
Víctimas
Representantes Población LGTBI (name redacted) 29/03/2022
122 Defensoría regional 29/03/2022
123 Defensoría regional 30/03/2022
124 Mesa Municipal 30/03/2022
125 Personería 30/03/2022
126 UARIV 30/03/2022
127 OIM Coordinadora R4: Enfoque 
diferencial (name redacted) 06/04/2022
128 OIM Nacional Especialista en Rehabilitación 
psicosocial (name redacted) 06/04/2022
129 UARIV Coordinadora equipo psicosocial (name redacted) 06/04/2022
130 OIM Coordinadora R3 y R5 (name redacted) 06/04/2022
131 OIM Coordinador Programa VISP (name redacted) 06/04/2022
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TABLE 46. LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
# ORGANIZACIÓN ROLE OF INTERVIEWEE NAME OF INTERVIEWEE DATE
132 OIM Especialista en sistemas de 
información (name redacted) 06/04/2022
133 ART Coordinación Pilar 6 “Reactivación 
económica” (name redacted) 31/03/2022
134 OIM Especialista en fortalecimiento 
institucional (name redacted) 06/04/2022
135 ART Coordinador Pilar 8 (name redacted) 04/04/2022
136 ART Equipo de Cooperación 
Internacional (name redacted) 31/03/2022
137 OIM Coordinadora Adjunta Operativa (name redacted) 05/04/2022
138 OIM Coordinador Adjunto Técnico (name redacted) 06/04/2022
139 OIM Especialista Senior Fortalecimiento 
Institucional (name redacted) 07/04/2022
140 OIM Especialista Senior Fortalecimiento 
Institucional (name redacted) 07/04/2022
141 OIM Especialista Fortalecimiento 
Institucional (name redacted) 08/04/2022
142 Insituto CISALVA Directora ACOPLE -U.Valle (name redacted) 11/04/2022
143 AFRODES Representante legal AFRODES
Buenaventura (name redacted) 11/04/2022
144 Ministerio de Salud y 
Protección social
Ex coordinadora y asesora del 
grupo de asitencia y reparación a 
población vícitma
(name redacted) 13/04/2022
145 Mesa Nacional de 
Víctimas
Representantes Magdalena y 
Córdoba (name redacted) 12/04/2022
146 Mesa Nacional de 
Víctimas Representante atlántico/juventud (name redacted) 13/04/2022
147 Experto - Generación de Ingresos (name redacted) 12/04/2022
148 Servicio Público de 
Empleo Subdirector de promoción (name redacted) 07/04/2022
149 OIM Gerente de Programa Mi Negocio (name redacted) 05/04/2022
150 Defensoria del Pueblo Ex Defensora Delegada para la 
Orientación a las víctimas (name redacted) 18/04/2022
151 Mesa Nacional de 
Víctimas
Ex coordinador de Mesa Nacional 
de Víctimas (name redacted) 18/04/2022
152 DNP Subdirección de pobreza y 
focalización (name redacted) 18/04/2022
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TABLE 46. LIST OF INTERVIEWS CARRIED OUT
# ORGANIZACIÓN ROLE OF INTERVIEWEE NAME OF INTERVIEWEE DATE
153 Entrelazando Tejedor y proveedor (name redacted) 25/04/2022
154 CEV Coordinadora Cooperación (name redacted) 22/04/2022
155 UBPD Coordinadora Gestión del 
Conocimiento (name redacted) 22/04/2022
156 UARIV Subdirección General (name redacted) 25/04/2022
157 MinComercio Dirección de MIPYMES (name redacted) 25/04/2022
158 UARIV Grupo de fortalecimiento 
estratégico (name redacted) 22/04/2022
159 UARIV Profesionales Dirección de Registro 
y gestión de la información (name redacted) 28/04/2022
2. DATA SOURCES USED FOR SECONDARY CUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
TABLE 47. LIST OF SECONDARY DATASETS USED FOR CUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
INFORMATION DATASET - ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD INSTITUTION IN CHARGE
VISP information Systems (phase I and II) IOM
National Victims Information System (VIVANTO): Unique Registry of Victims (RUV), 
Information System of Displaced Population (SIPOD) and the Victims Administrative 
Reparation System (SIRAV)
Victims Unit
MAARIV Information System Victims Unit
INDEMNIZA Information System Victims Unit
Unified Report of the Territorial Information, Coordination and Follow-up System of the 
Public Policy for Victims of the Internal Armed Conflict (RUSICST) Interior Ministry
PAPSIVI module - Follow-up tool. SISPRO Ministry of Health
Registry for the Location and Characterization of Persons with Disabilities – RLCPD Ministry of Health
Individual Registry of Provision of Health Services - RIPS Ministry of Health
Identification System for Potential Beneficiaries of Social Programs (SISBEN) DNP
National System of Evaluation of Management and Results SINERGIA DNP
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3. VICTIMS ATTENTION POINTS AND HEALTH CENTERS INTERVIEWED FOR THE 
DIGITAL SURVEY
TABLE 48. LIST OF SURVEYED VICTIMS’ ATTENTION POINTS
DEPARTMENT MUNICIPALITY HOSPITAL 
ANSWER 
SURVEY
Antioquia Amalfi Ese Hospital El Carmen Yes
Antioquia Anorí E.S.E. Hospital San Juan De Dios - Anorí Yes
Antioquia Apartadó Hospital Antonio Roldán Betancourt Yes
Antioquia Dabeiba Ese Nuestra Señora Del Perpetuo Socorro - Dabeiba Yes
Antioquia Remedios Ese Hospital San Vicente De Paúl - Remedios Yes
Antioquia Vigía Del Fuerte Ese Hospital Atrato Medio Antioqueño No
Bolivar Carmen De Bolivar Empresa Social Nuestra Señora Del Carmen Yes
Bolivar Cartagena Hospital Universitario Del Caribe No
Caquetá Florencia Hospital María Inmaculada - Centro De Salud La Montañita Yes
Caquetá La Montañita Hospital María Inmaculada, Centro De Salud De La Montañita No
Cauca Buenos Aires Ese Norte 1 Buenos Aires No
Cauca Caldono Empresa Social Del Estado Popayán. E.S.E No
Cauca Corinto Ese Norte-2. Corinto Yes
Cauca Miranda/Corinto Ese Norte 2 No
Cesar Manaure Hospital Jose Antonio Socarras Sanchez E.S.E Yes
Chocó Quibdó Hospital Ismael Roldán E.S.E No
Córdoba Montería E.S.E Hospital San Jerónimo De Montería Yes
Córdoba Tierralta Ese Hospital San José De Tierralta Yes
Córdoba Valencia Hospital Sagrado Corazon De Jesus De Valencia Yes
Guajira Dibulla Ese Hospital Santa Teresa De Jesus De Avila Yes
Magdalena Guamal E.S.E Nuestra Señora Del Carmen Guamal-Magdalena Yes
Nariño El Rosario Empresa Social Del Estado Primer Nivel De El Rosario Yes
Nariño Pasto Ese Hospital Universitario Departamental De Nariño Yes
Nariño Policarpa Centro De Salud Policarpa Yes
Nariño Ricaurte Hospital Ricaurte Empresa Social Del Estado Yes
Norte De Santander Tibú Empresa Social Del Estado Hospital Regional Norte No
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TABLE 48. LIST OF SURVEYED VICTIMS’ ATTENTION POINTS
DEPARTMENT MUNICIPALITY HOSPITAL 
ANSWER 
SURVEY
Sucre Corozal E.S.E Hospital Nuestra Señora De Las Mercedes De Corozal Yes
Sucre Tolú Viejo 
Centro De Salud San Jose De Toluviejo Empresa Social Del 
Estado Yes
Valle Del Cauca Pradera E.S.E. Hospital San Roque Pradera Yes
TABLE 49. LIST OF HEALTH SERVICES SURVEYED
DEPARTMENT SERVICE POINTS ANSWER SURVEY
Antioquia Turbo Yes
Antioquia Chigorodó No
Magdalena Ciénaga No
Magdalena Santa Marta Yes
Magdalena Fundación Not Operating 
Bolívar Cartagena Yes
Bolívar Carmen De Bolívar Yes
Bolívar San Juan De Nepomuceno Yes
Cauca Popayán Yes
Nariño Tumaco No
Caquetá Cartagena Del Chaira Yes
La Guajira Riohacha Not Operating
La Guajira Dibulla Not Operating
Sucre Sincelejo Not Operating 
Chocó Bojayá Yes
Chocó Riosucio Yes
Córdoba Tierralta Yes
Córdoba Montelíbano Yes
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ANNEX G: SCOPE OF WORK OF THIS PERFORMANCE 
EVALUATION
1. PURPOSE OF THE EVALUATION
The purpose of this final performance evaluation is to assess whether the VISP’s interventions, 
deliverables, outcomes, and results have been accomplished according to its theory of change and 
results framework. Additionally, this evaluation intends to take into account the socio-political context 
and the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the results of this evaluation will support USAID/Colombia in 
making informed decisions about the design and management of upcoming programming decisions.
The primary users for this final performance evaluation will be USAID/Colombia, the Implementing 
Partner (IP), and Colombian Government stakeholders. Other potential users include non-governmental 
organizations, civil society, academia, and social leaders. 
2. BACKGROUND146
On July 30, 2012, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the
International Organization for Migration (IOM) signed Cooperative Agreement number AID-514-A 12-
00003. This agreement allowed the effective implementation of the Victim’s Law, supporting the 
operationalization of key Colombian Government institutions, policies, and systems at the national, 
departmental, and municipal levels. In addition, this agreement allowed joint work between IOM with 
the Victims Assistance and Reparations Unit (Victims Unit), the Historical Memory Center (CMH), 
Ministry of Health (MOH), among others147. 
In April 2014, USAID Colombia modified the agreement to incorporate new tasks, providing technical 
assistance to the GOC to deliver physical rehabilitation services and broadening the geographical scope 
from the initial 21 municipalities to 33 municipalities. In December 2015, USAID Colombia requested a 
revised application to extend the agreement from May 1, 2016, to April 30, 2020. The rationale for the 
extension was to take advantage of the unique window of opportunity for peacebuilding in a post￾conflict Colombia, where victims will continue to play an essential role. In 2020 the period of 
performance was further extended to June 30, 2022.
146 This section is based on different documents (quarterly reports, work plans, presentations, fact sheets, etc.) produced by 
VISP during the last 9 years of implementation. To avoid creating a narrative that is not aligned with what has been the context 
and history of the program, most of the elements included in this section are taken literally from the referenced documents. 147 During its almost 10 years of implementation VISP worked with other relevant stakeholders such as Min Interior, CEV, 
UBPD, ARN, DNP, ANT, SPE and other national and regional entities.
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TABLE 50. ACTIVITY SNAPSHOT
STRATEGY/PROJECT/ACTIVITY NAME VICTIMS INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING ACTIVITY 
(VISP)
USAID OFFICE RIO
IMPLEMENTER(S) International Organization for Migrations (IOM)
COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT/CONTRACT # AID-514-A-12-00003
TOTAL, ESTIMATED CEILING OF THE EVALUATED 
PROJECT/ACTIVITY(TEC) $102,193,390.00
LIFE OF STRATEGY/PROJECT/ACTIVITY 7/30/2012 – 06/30/2022
DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE(S) (DOS) 2 
EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL EVALUATION? External 
TABLE 51. VISP COMPONENTS
COMPONENT BRIEF DESCRIPTION
STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONS
VISP helps GOC148 entities implement information systems, interagency 
coordination, and the victims’ public policy. VISP also works with civil society 
organizations to develop victims’ prevention and protection actions.
PROMOTING REHABILITATION149
VISP helps public officials design and deliver psychosocial care to victims. This 
assistance includes developing mine risk education tools, implementing 
community psychosocial rehabilitation initiatives, and designing differential 
attention and rehabilitation tools for victims.
FACILITATING TRANSITIONAL 
JUSTICE150
VISP assists GOC entities in developing protocols for individual and collective 
victims’ reparation. The Activity also helps implement victims’ return and 
relocation strategies and promotes victims’ rights to truth and non-repetition.
EMPLOYING A DIFFERENTIAL 
APPROACH151 VISP strengthens institutional processes to provide care to vulnerable 
populations like women, indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and LGBTQI+ individuals. 
The strategic objective of the VISP is to Provide accompaniment and technical support for victims’ 
organizations and GOC policies, systems, and institutions at the national, departmental, and municipal 
levels, to strengthen capacities and build necessary competencies for the timely and effective execution 
and implementation of the Victims Law and the Peace Accord. On its up-to-date structure, VISP has five 
components (Table 51) and a framework result with 5 Intermediate Results (IR) and 12 Sub￾Intermediate Results (SIR) (Table 52).
148 VISP not only supports the implementation but also the formulation of PP and PP instruments. 149 Rehabilitation under the law covers also Physical Rehabilitation. VISP supported the latter by backing the creation of 
Rehabilitation Centers. 
150 Since the last modificatory, VISP is working extensively to support the GOC in the implementation of Development Plans 
with Territorial Focus (PDETs, Spanish acronym) initiatives in focalized territories.
151 VISP also worked and trained public officers of GOC entities on GBV and GBV prevention. Additionally, it is important to 
mention that VISP did not provide direct services to sexual violence victims.
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TABLE 51. VISP COMPONENTS
COMPONENT BRIEF DESCRIPTION
VISP also fights gender-based violence (GVB) through training in ethnic and women’s organizations.
ACHIEVING PEACE FOR VICTIMS152
VISP helps the Disappeared Persons Search Unit and the Truth Commission 
comply with mandates about forced disappearance victims. It also encourages 
victims’ participation in the Comprehensive System for Truth, Justice, 
Reconciliation, and Non-repetition.
SOURCE: VISP’S FACT SHEET
Exhibit 167. – Results framework
SOURCE: VISP’S IMPLEMENTING PARTNER
152 Additionally, VISP’s support to the CEV includes its territorial deployment, the collection of testimonies, and currently the 
preparation of the final report and the legacy of the entity. Furthermore, VISP’s efforts within this component include increasing 
and strengthening victims and victims’ organizations participation before the System’s entities.
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During its first implementation phase (August 2012 to September 2016), VISP worked in 10 
departments, 32 municipalities, and Bogotá (52). VISP focused on the first four components with 
activities oriented to (1) IR.1 Information Systems, Strategic Planning, Monitoring, and evaluation -
internal and external communications, Victim’s participation, and Optimizing attention spaces. (2) IR.II 
Protocols, routes developed for public servants and communities’ identification and assessment of 
victims’ psychosocial and/or physical affectations Support for humanitarian demining (3) IR.III Technical 
assistance for individual and collective reparations, Support programs for the informed investment of 
compensation resources, Actions for the diffusion and appropriation of truth and historical memory, 
management of public and private offers for reparation. (4) IR.IV Support for processes and tools for 
the attention and reparation of Indigenous and Afro-Colombian People, People with disabilities, women 
(victims of sexual violence), children and adolescents, and populations with diverse sexual orientations, 
Social mobilization against sexual and gender-based violence, training, and work with ethnic and 
women’s organizations.
TABLE 52. TARGETED GEOGRAPHY PHASE I
DEPARTMENT MUNICIPALITIES
Antioquia Apartadó, Chigorodó, Medellín, Necoclí, Turbo
Bogotá Bogotá
Bolívar Cartagena, El Carmén de Bolivar, María la Baja, San Jacinto, San Juan Nepomuceno
Caquetá Cartagena del Chairá, Florencia, La Montañita
Cauca Popayán 
Chocó Bojayá, Quibdó, Riosucio
Córdoba Montelíbano, Montería, Tierralta
La Guajira Dibulla, Riohacha, San Juan del Cesar
Magdalena Ciénaga, Fundación, Santa Marta
Nariño Pasto Samaniego, Tumaco
Sucre Ovejas, San Onofre, Sincelejo
SOURCE: VISP’S IMPLEMENTING PARTNER
During its second phase of implementation (October 2016 to June 2022), VISP has been working in 6 
departments and 22 municipalities (Table 53). VISP activities focused on the five components with 
activities oriented to (1) IR.1 Cessation of the State of vulnerability, Decentralization, Joint financing,
Participation mechanisms, and Communications. (2) IR.II Community rehabilitation, Strengthen 
Entrelazando and Emotional Recovery (ERE) strategies, care and psychosocial attention model, 
Psychosocial support for relatives of victims of forced disappearance, Humanitarian demining and 
Community physical rehabilitation network. (3) IR.III Companion Program for financial compensations, 
Offer management (housing - health - employment), and Collective reparation with a regional approach. 
(4) IR.IV Strengthen ethnic communities on their role under victims legislation and strengthen the 
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attention route for victims of sexual violence and LGBTQI+. (5) IR.V Necessary institutional 
adjustments to implement accords and Forced disappearance.
TABLE 53. TARGETED GEOGRAPHY PHASE II
DEPARTMENT MUNICIPALITIES
Antioquia Dabeiba, Ituango, Remedios, Anorí, Apartadó, Medellín, Vigía del Fuerte
Caquetá Cartagena del Chairá, San Vicente del Caguán, La Montañita, Florencia
Cauca Buenos Aires, Caldono, Miranda, Popayán
Chocó Quibdó, Riosucio
Córdoba Montería, Tierralta
Nariño Tumaco, Policarpa, Pasto
SOURCE: IMPLEMENTING PARTNER
3. EVALUATION QUESTIONS
The evaluation questions are of two types. The first one is directly related to VISP’s performance and 
framework results. The second set will gather information about other relevant matters associated with 
USAID’s interests that may not be related to actions directly implemented by VISP. 
INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT: 
1. To what extent do VISP (1) institutional strengthening and (2) development and implementation 
of public policies have contributed to improving the assistance and service provision towards 
Victims? What were the main successes and challenges of this institutional strengthening and 
public policy interventions?
We expect the answer to this question will cover the entire VISP implementation period (around ten 
years). However, given that USAID has provided support to public policies to improve the provision of 
services to victims through other activities, it is expected that the evaluation team will focus solely on 
the support provided by VISP.
2. What gaps and challenges do the GOC face to sustain VISP-supported institutional strengthening 
and policy implementation results? 
It is essential to separate the gaps and challenges arising from the public policy from those related to the 
results achieved through VISP. Likewise, this question will cover the gaps and challenges identified 
throughout the ten years of the program implementation.
PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL SERVICES: 
3. To what extent have VISP-funded interventions increased access to physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation? What have been the main factors that contributed to improvement or that 
delayed access to these services?
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This question will focus mainly on physical and psychosocial rehabilitation, with a particular VISP focus. 
Among the main factors that contributed to improving or delayed access to these services, it is essential 
to consider the contextual ones.
4. What are the main strengths and weaknesses of the “Community Agent Model”? 
The evaluation team will answer this question focusing on the “Community Agent Model ‘‘ from the 
ACOPLE and GOC perspectives. VISP did not support this model. 
CIVIL SOCIETY VISP PILOTS: 
5. What were the lessons learned and results of the VISP pilots developed to strengthen the 
capacity of CSOs on economic empowerment, employability, and incidence in public policies? 
For CSOs, the evaluation team will consider what was directly done by VISP and not that delivered by 
CODHES and Fundación Arcángeles. As a result, USAID expects to receive recommendations in a 
broad scope that may go from adding pilots to future programming or support the scaling-up of pilots 
that were already performed.
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT:
6. What have been the GOC actions, results, and lessons learned to improve the economic 
stability of the victims? Is there a need for USAID programming in this area? What should be the 
strategy of this programming?
Consider the work done with the GOC and include the achievements in income generation for victims 
and victims’ organizations. The approach to this question must go beyond the VISP pilots covered by the 
previous question.
PEACE ACCORD IMPLEMENTATION
7. What were the main results and lessons learned of the VISP institutional and technical 
adaptation strategy to support the Peace Accord implementation? What challenges does USAID 
still face on peace accord victim’s interventions?
STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT
8. What were the main challenges, opportunities, and contributions of stakeholder engagement to 
achieve VISP results? What recommended improvements to future programming?
Stakeholders must include CSOs, national and regional entities, and the private sector. 
4. EVALUATION DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
The MEL Activity will develop the evaluation methods before fieldwork begins. Therefore, USAID 
expects de MEL Activity to, at a minimum:
• Combine and integrate techniques and tools for quantitative and qualitative analysis (known as 
mixed methods).
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• Specify the quantitative and qualitative methodology, define key variables for measurement, and the 
implications of the proposed information gathering and analysis to answer the Evaluation Questions. 
The proposed methodology should include strategies to assess and reflect likely differences between 
different VISP implementation regions. 
• Specify how the proposed methods, sources, and design will allow the MEL Activity to answer each 
evaluation question. 
• Define the information gathering strategy that includes logistics, preparation, approach, and tools for 
mapping information.
• For the quantitative analysis, the primary information gathering is done using a statistical sampling 
strategy, for which it must describe the sampling design in detail. The sampling design must include 
the target population, defining the reporting unit, calculating the sample size, applying the sampling 
technique (simple, stratified, conglomerates, etc.), defining estimators, the admissible precision and 
confidence, defining domains of interest (strata/income bracket, sex, age groups, etc.), sample 
selection technique, and other statistical concepts that describe both knowledge and expertise of 
the subject and clarity of the method to be applied. 
• Specify the primary and secondary sources of information. 
• Define a strategy for connecting and providing feedback between quantitative and qualitative 
information. 
• Meet and interview direct beneficiaries, Implementing Partner’s staff, relevant stakeholders, and 
GoC counterparts at appropriate levels; interview selected USAID staff and, if applicable, experts 
working in the justice sector. 
The MEL Activity will submit the preliminary evaluation design for review by USAID, and this task should 
be included in the evaluation time frame. The evaluation Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) 
will approve the finalized evaluation design.
The MEL Activity needs to develop an evaluation design matrix that will include a data analysis plan for 
each evaluation question (the following table is a suggested way for the MEL Activity to present the 
information, other design matrix designs are allowable).
TABLE 54. SUGGESTED FORMAT EVALUATION DESIGN MATRIX
QUESTIONS APPROACH DATA SOURCES DATA COLLECTION 
METHODS
DATA 
ANALYSIS 
METHODS
Question X Performance
Monitor
Gender Strategy
Activity’s work plans
Yearly and Quarterly reports
Qualitative and 
quantitative: 
Document review
Key informant 
interviews (KII)
Mixed methods 
analysis
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TABLE 54. SUGGESTED FORMAT EVALUATION DESIGN MATRIX
QUESTIONS APPROACH DATA SOURCES DATA COLLECTION 
METHODS
DATA 
ANALYSIS 
METHODS
Activity’s newsletter
AMELP 
Quantitative survey 
Qualitative based data
Other information sources identified 
by the Activity as relevant for this 
evaluation. 
Focus Groups
Survey
5. DELIVERABLES 
EVALUATION’S WORK PLAN
The work plan will include: 
a) Draft schedule and logistical arrangements.
b) Roles and responsibilities delineate members of the evaluation team.
c) Evaluation milestones.
d) Anticipated schedule of evaluation team data collection efforts.
e) Locations and dates for piloting data collection efforts, if applicable.
f) Proposed evaluation methodology, including selection criteria for comparison groups, if applicable.
g) Evaluation Report outline (if different from the attached template). 
The MEL Activity will update the evaluation work plan (the lists of interviewees, survey participants, the 
schedule) and submit the updated version to the COR for approval. 
EVALUATION DESIGN 
The evaluation design will include:
a) Detailed evaluation design matrix links the Evaluation Questions from the SOW (in their finalized 
form) to data sources, methods, and the data analysis plan. 
b) Draft questionnaires and other data collection instruments or their main features.
c) List of potential interviewees and sites to be visited and proposed selection criteria and/or 
sampling plan (must include sampling methodology and methods, including a justification of sample 
size and any applicable calculations).
d) Limitations to the evaluation design. 
e) Dissemination plan (designed in collaboration with USAID). 
The design will become an annex to the final evaluation report. The evaluation design will be shared 
with the implementing partner before being finalized.
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All dissemination plans should be developed with USAID and include information on audiences, 
activities, and deliverables, including any data visualizations, multimedia products, or events to help 
communicate evaluation findings, conclusions, and recommendations. 
If applicable, based on the Disclosure of Conflict of Interests Forms submitted with the awardee’s 
proposal, the evaluation design will include a conflict of interest mitigation plan. 
Inputs for the quantitative data collection firm Request for Proposals (RFP)
The evaluation team will deliver inputs for the quantitative data collection firm RFP. General guidelines 
in terms of sample size, geography, and thematic lines will be required.
EARLY REPORT
The evaluation team should deliver an Early Report. The evaluation team will coordinate the scope and 
approach of this early report with USAID during the evaluation design process. 
MID-TERM BRIEFING AND INTERIM MEETINGS
The evaluation team is expected to hold mid-term briefings with the COR, the MEL Specialist, and 
CDLO’s COR on the evaluation status, including potential challenges and emerging opportunities. The 
team will also provide the evaluation COR with periodic briefings and feedback on the team’s findings, as 
agreed upon during the in-briefing. In addition, if desired or necessary, biweekly briefings can be 
arranged. 
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS PRESENTATION 
The evaluation team will make detailed presentations (PowerPoint format) of the findings, conclusions, 
and recommendations to USAID and the IP. These spaces will aim to present the collected evidence in￾depth and receive feedback to strengthen the evaluation exercise within the framework of a 
collaborative scheme and active participation of the parties. USAID and the IP will submit comments on 
the presentations to the evaluation team within two weeks after CLA meetings, and these comments 
will enrich the final report.
FINAL EVALUATION REPORT
The evaluation team will be asked to take no more than 15 working days (or as agreed upon in the 
work plan) to respond to and incorporate final draft evaluation reports and presentations comments 
from USAID. The evaluation team lead will then submit the final report to the MEL Activity’s COR, who 
will be in charge of approving the final version. USAID may request a peer review of the final evaluation 
report and comments coming from this process. The evaluation team will answer all comments. 
SHORT INFOGRAPHIC
The One Pager should summarize the evaluation’s purpose, background, main evaluation questions, 
methods, findings, and conclusions (plus recommendations and lessons learned, if applicable). The One 
Pager should communicate the information visually for clarity. This document should be done after the 
final report has been presented and reviewed by USAID.
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OTHER EVALUATION DELIVERABLES
SUBMISSION OF DATASET(S) TO THE DEVELOPMENT DATA LIBRARY
Per USAID’s Open Data policy (see ADS 579, USAID Development Data), the Contractor must also 
submit to the COR and the Development Data Library (DDL), at www.usaid.gov/data, in a machine￾readable, non-proprietary format, a copy of any dataset created or obtained in the performance of this 
award, if applicable. In addition, the dataset should be organized and documented for use by those not 
entirely familiar with the intervention or evaluation. 
Please review ADS 579.3.2.2 Types of Data To Be Submitted to the DDL to determine applicability. 
SUBMISSION OF FINAL EVALUATION REPORT TO THE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE 
CLEARINGHOUSE
Per USAID policy (ADS 201.3.5.18), the Contractor must submit the final evaluation report and its 
Summary or summaries to the Development Experience Clearinghouse(DEC) within three months of 
final approval by USAID. 
6. EVALUATION TEAM COMPOSITION
The Contractor must provide information about evaluation team members, including their curricula 
vitae, their responsibilities within the evaluation, and how each contributes to the SOW. Submissions of 
writing samples or links to past evaluation reports and related deliverables by proposed team members 
are highly desirable. In addition, per ADS 201.3.5.14, all team members must provide USAID a signed 
statement attesting to a lack of conflict of interest or describing an existing conflict of interest relative to 
the project or Activity being evaluated (i.e., a conflict of interest form). 
MEL ACTIVITY TEAM
● MEL Lead Evaluation Expert
Responsibilities
• Serve as a liaison between the Evaluation Team and MEL’s COP and USAID’s Contracting 
Officer’s Representative (COR).
• Responsible for staffing, SOW development, financial management and reporting, staff direction, 
and oversight.
● MEL Evaluation Specialist
Responsibilities
• Support the Lead Evaluation Expert when liaising with the MEL COP and the USAID COR.
• Give support to evaluation management.
● MEL Quantitative Specialist
Responsibilities
• Support the Lead Evaluation Expert when liaising with the MEL COP and USAID COR.
• Give support to evaluation management.
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● MEL Qualitative Analysis Specialist
Responsibilities
• Refine the evaluation’s coding system based on the methodological design and feedback from the 
evaluation team.
• Sort and classify fieldwork information.
• Encode and integrate interviews and other information.
• Analyze qualitative data.
● MEL GIS Specialist
Responsibilities
• Provide technical expertise on spatial data collection, map series creation, compile available 
geospatial data sets, conduct spatial analysis and data visualization, and interpret aerial photos or 
satellite images.
● MEL CLA Specialist
Responsibilities
• Lead the tasks and efforts to ensure the evaluation findings and recommendations are 
transparent and disseminated to relevant stakeholders.
• Lead the actions to ensure the evaluation is designed and implemented with a collaborative 
approach.
● MEL Monitoring Specialist
Responsibilities
• Carry out an initial review of MONITOR database indicators for the evaluation.
EVALUATION TEAM
Team leader
Requirements 
• BA in economics, social sciences, or other relevant field and thirteen (13) years of relevant 
experience or master’s degree and ten (10) years of relevant experience. 
• Skills or knowledge of project administration, economics, and team management.
• At least five (5) years of experience in managerial positions at international cooperation projects, 
field-based academic projects, and/or field-based public or private social investment projects. 
Minimum of three (3) years of that experience conducting or leading the evaluation of projects.153
153 This specific experience is part of the 13 years of relevant experience mentioned above.
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• Good knowledge about the institutional framework of victims in Colombia.
• Skills or knowledge of project administration, economics, and team management.
• Experience designing context and performance indicators.
• Experience collecting quantitative and qualitative information.
• Ability to analyze and synthesize qualitative and quantitative data. 
• Advance report writing skills.
• Ability to work and manage teams remotely.
• Intermediate or advanced knowledge of written and spoken English and Spanish.
• Experience with USAID evaluations is preferred.
Responsibilities
• Lead the evaluation work plan and design and the final evaluation report. This includes the data 
collection and analysis methods, the sampling strategy, data collection tools, and the data analysis 
plan. 
• Serve as the primary contact with USAID counterparts and MEL Activity.
• Lead and manage the team operation.
• Lead the writing of the main technical deliverables and technical communications, including the final 
baseline report in English. 
• Oversee the quality and timeliness of the evaluation data collection.
• Lead debriefs and presentations to USAID and the Implementing Partner.
• Perform the application of qualitative instruments in fieldwork for the qualitative data collection.
Victims institutional and legal affairs expert
Requirements
• BA in social sciences, law, economics, or another relevant field.
• Graduated degree in law, economics, social sciences, development, public policy, or another 
relevant field.
• More than seven (7) years of relevant experience.
• Experience in legal and institutional issues around the victims required. 
• Knowledge of secondary or administrative data on victims’ issues is highly desired.
• Proven ability to deliver a quality analysis, tables, and written products and explanations.
• Intermediate or advanced knowledge of written and spoken English.
• Ability to conduct interviews and focus groups in Spanish.
• Experience with USAID evaluations is preferred but not required.
Responsibilities
• Support the evaluation design, the theory of change analysis, and the construction of indicators.
• Review primary and secondary sources of information related to legal and institutional issues around 
the victims.
• Oversee the quality of quantitative and qualitative data collection in thematic issues. 
• Lead the thematic issues in the design of the quantitative and qualitative data collection instruments 
and the relevance of the data collection on legal and institutional issues around the victims.
• Actively participate in the qualitative instruments’ coding process and provide a thematic review of 
the process in the codebook production.
• Contribute to the analysis of qualitative, quantitative, and secondary information related to legal and 
institutional issues around the victims.
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• Support the Team Leader in preparing reports and presentations for USAID and the Implementing 
Partner.
• Perform the application of qualitative instruments in fieldwork for the qualitative data collection.
Health policy expert
Requirements
• BA in social sciences, economics, social work, or another relevant field.
• Graduated degree in economics, social sciences, development, public policy, or another relevant 
field.
• More than seven (7) years of relevant experience.
• Experience in health policy issues related to physical and psychosocial rehabilitation for victims 
required. 
• Knowledge of secondary or administrative data on victims’ issues is highly desired.
• Proven ability to deliver a quality analysis, tables, and written products and explanations.
• Intermediate or advanced knowledge of written and spoken English.
• Ability to conduct interviews and focus groups in Spanish.
• Experience with USAID evaluations is preferred but not required.
Responsibilities
• Support the evaluation design, the theory of change analysis, and the construction of indicators.
• Review primary and secondary sources of information in health policy issues related to physical and 
psychosocial rehabilitation for victims.
• Oversee the quality of quantitative and qualitative data collection in thematic issues. 
• Lead the thematic issues in the design of the quantitative and qualitative data collection instruments 
and the relevance of the data collection in health policy issues related to physical and psychosocial 
rehabilitation for victims.
• Actively participate in the qualitative instruments’ coding process and provide a thematic review of 
the process in the codebook production.
• Contribute to the analysis of qualitative, quantitative, and secondary health policy issues related to 
physical and psychosocial rehabilitation for victims.
• Support the Team Leader in preparing reports and presentations for USAID and the Implementing 
Partner.
• Perform the application of qualitative instruments in fieldwork for the qualitative data collection.
Institutional strengthening expert
Requirements
• BA in social sciences, government, economics, or another relevant field.
• Graduated degree in economics, social sciences, development, public policy, or another relevant 
field.
• More than seven (7) years of relevant experience.
• Experience in institutional strengthening of GoC and CSOs required. 
• Knowledge of secondary or administrative data on victims’ issues is highly desired.
• Proven ability to deliver a quality analysis, tables, and written products and explanations.
• Intermediate or advanced knowledge of written and spoken English.
• Ability to conduct interviews and focus groups in Spanish.
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• Experience with USAID evaluations is preferred but not required.
Responsibilities
• Support the evaluation design, the theory of change analysis, and the construction of indicators.
• Review primary and secondary sources of information related to institutional strengthening of GoC 
and CSOs around Victim’s issues.
• Oversee the quality of quantitative and qualitative data collection in thematic issues. 
• Lead the thematic issues in the design of the quantitative and qualitative data collection instruments 
and the relevance of the data collection on institutional strengthening of GoC and CSOs around 
Victim’s issues.
• Actively participate in the qualitative instruments’ coding process and provide a thematic review of 
the process in the codebook production.
• Contribute to the analysis of qualitative, quantitative, and secondary information related to 
institutional strengthening of GoC and CSOs around Victims issues.
• Support the Team Leader in preparing reports and presentations for USAID and the Implementing 
Partner.
• Perform the application of qualitative instruments in fieldwork for the qualitative data collection.
Evaluation specialist
Requirements 
• Professional in economics, social sciences, project management, government, or other relevant fields 
• Masters or two (2) years of graduate education in evaluation, economics, business intelligence, or 
related area.
• Seven (7) years of proven experience.
• Proven knowledge and experience in collecting qualitative and quantitative data, conducting semi￾structured interviews, focus groups, using mixed methods, and utilizing secondary data. 
• Experience or knowledge in team management.
• Proficient computer skills, including Microsoft Word, Excel, and Outlook.
• Intermediate or advanced knowledge of written and spoken English.
• Experience with USAID evaluations is preferred but not required.
Responsibilities
• Lead the planning of each evaluation stage, including a detailed list of activities, inputs needed, and a 
detailed schedule. 
• Oversee the methodological design of the evaluation.
• Guide and coordinate the primary and secondary data collection. This includes sending Derechos de 
Petición and coordinating the qualitative and quantitative data collection with the selected firm and 
MEL Activity.
• Coordinate the deliverables and reporting, including the data, reports, and presentations.
• Perform the application of qualitative instruments in fieldwork for the qualitative data collection.
Quantitative specialist
Requirements 
• Professional in economics, mathematics, statistics, social sciences, and related fields.
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• Graduated degree in economics, statistics, or related fields.
• A minimum of five years (5) of experience conducting quantitative research and analysis.
• Experience and knowledge in designing indicators and quantitative data collection tools.
• Demonstrated experience working with information on victims and social services highly desired.
• Experience and knowledge of data analysis and data management techniques.
• Intermediate or advanced knowledge of written and spoken English.
• Experience with USAID evaluations is preferred but not required.
Responsibilities
• Support the Team Leader with the evaluation design, including the construction of indicators, data 
collection methods for quantitative information, and analysis plan.
• Support sampling strategy and design of the instruments for the primary data collection. 
• Participate in the data collection from secondary sources as GoC and CSOs administrative records.
• Ensure the quality of quantitative data collection for the evaluation.
• Perform the quantitative analysis for the final evaluation report.
• Support the Team Leader in preparing reports and presentations for USAID and the Implementing 
Partner.
Qualitative specialist
Requirements 
• Professional in social sciences, economics, or other related fields.
• Graduate degree in social sciences, economics, development, or related fields. 
• A minimum of seven (7) years of experience conducting qualitative research.
• Proven experience in conducting high-quality qualitative analysis.
• Knowledge of victims and social policy is desired.
• Experience in Nvivo preferred.
• Intermediate or advanced knowledge of written and spoken English.
• Experience with USAID evaluations is preferred but not required.
Responsibilities
• Support the Team Leader with the evaluation design, including the construction of indicators, data 
collection methods for qualitative information, and analysis plan.
• Design qualitative instruments for the data collection.
• Design a codebook for the codification process. 
• Ensure the quality of qualitative data collection. 
• Perform the application of qualitative instruments in fieldwork. 
• Support the coding process, from the training of the coding team to the elaboration of the analysis 
plan for the generation of inputs (reports and qualitative visualizations) to analyze the information.
• Support the analysis of qualitative data for the final evaluation report.
• Support the Team Leader in preparing reports and presentations for USAID and the Implementing 
Partner.
7. EVALUATION SCHEDULE
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The schedule presented below (Table 55) includes the main activities (in gray) and milestones (in blue) 
that are part of the design, development, and dissemination of a final performance evaluation. However, 
the final structure of the schedule will be part of the evaluation’s work plan (Section V - deliverable 1).
TABLE 55. ILLUSTRATIVE MONTHLY FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SCHEDULE
PHASE ACTIVITIES/MILESTONE
MONTHS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
0 
1
1 
1
2 
1
3 14
Definition
B. Evaluation Team SOW drafting 
and approval 
C. Evaluation Team recruitment 
and hiring 
Planning
D. Kick-off 
E. RFP technical section for data 
collection firm sent to 
administrative procedures
 
F. Work Plan and Evaluation 
Design draft 
G. Work Plan and Evaluation 
Design presentation and feedback 
H. Work Plan and Evaluation 
Design approved 
Data collection 
and analysis
I. Qualitative data collection, 
transcriptions, and coding 
J. Early report 
K. Data collection firm on-board 
L. Quantitative data collection 
M. Analysis and triangulation with 
CLA support 
Final report
N. Findings, conclusions, and 
recommendations drafting 
O. Findings, conclusions, and 
recommendations presentation 
P. CLA meetings around FCR and 
recommendations matrix 
Q. Final report draft 
R. Final report approved 
S. Final report uploaded on DEC 
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TABLE 55. ILLUSTRATIVE MONTHLY FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SCHEDULE
Use and 
dissemination T- Use and dissemination 
8. FINAL REPORT FORMAT
The final report must contain – at a minimum – the following:
Abstract (not more than 250 words)
Executive Summary (between 2-5 pages)
Evaluation Report (35- 60 pages)
1. Evaluation Purpose (not more than 500 words)
2. Activity description and background (not more than two pages)
3. Evaluation questions and methodology (not more than two pages)
4. Evaluation findings and conclusions - messaging approach- (between 20 and 40 pages)
5. Evaluation recommendations (not more than four pages)
Annexes154: 
I. Recommendations actions matrix
II. Supplemental analysis and data
III. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations table
IV. Detailed Methodology
V. Instruments 
VI. Sources of information
VII. Evaluation SOW
154 The abstract, executive summary, evaluation report and annex I are expected to be written in English, while other annexes 
may be in Spanish unless an explicit requirement from USAID.
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VIII. Summary information about evaluation team members
IX. Signed disclosures of conflicts of interest from evaluation team members.
X. Statement of Differences (when applicable)
The evaluation abstract should describe the evaluation, questions, methods, and key findings or 
conclusions. The Executive Summary should summarize the evaluation’s purpose, background, main 
evaluation questions, methods, findings, and conclusions (plus recommendations and lessons learned, if 
applicable). The report must explain the methodology in detail, including the limitations, with particular 
attention to the limitations associated with the evaluation methods (e.g., in sampling; data availability; 
measurement; analysis; any potential bias such as sampling/selection, measurement, interviewer, 
response, etc.) and their implications for conclusions drawn from the evaluation findings.
9. CRITERIA TO ENSURE THE QUALITY OF THE EVALUATION FINAL REPORT
Per ADS 201maa, Criteria to Ensure the Quality of the Evaluation Report, the final baseline report will be 
evaluated against the following criteria to ensure the report’s quality. 
• Reports must represent a thoughtful, well-researched, and well-organized effort to evaluate the 
strategy, project, or Activity objectively.
• Reports must be readily understood and must identify key points distinctly and succinctly.
• The report’s Executive Summary must present a concise and accurate statement of the report’s 
most critical elements.
• Reports must adequately address all evaluation questions included in the SOW, or the evaluation 
questions subsequently revised and documented in consultation and agreement with USAID.
• The methodology must be explained in detail and sources of information properly identified.
• The evaluation’s limitations must be adequately disclosed in the report, with particular attention to 
the limitations associated with the evaluation methodology (selection bias, recall bias, unobservable 
differences between comparator groups, etc.).
• Findings must be presented as analyzed facts, evidence, and data and not based on anecdotes, 
hearsay, or simply the compilation of people’s opinions.
• Findings and conclusions must be specific, concise, and supported by quantitative solid or qualitative 
evidence.
• If findings assess person-level outcomes or impact, they must also be evaluated separately for males 
and females.
• If recommendations are included, they must be supported by specific findings and action-oriented, 
practical, and specific.
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10. SECURITY RESPONSIBILITIES
As part of the overall security requirements, the evaluation team contractor must report any security 
threats and/or incidents verbally in person or by telephone immediately to the COR or Alternate COR 
in the COR’s absence. Subsequently, a written report must be promptly submitted within no more than 
three days after the incident. Additionally, all subcontractors will be required to report any 
threats/incidents to the prime Contractor immediately after notifying the COR.