Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko Resilience Food Security Activity in Zimbabwe November 2022 | Volume II – Annexes B, C, & D IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award ABOUT IMPEL The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award (IMPEL) works to improve the design and implementation of Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA)-funded resilience food security activities (RFSAs) through implementer-led evaluations and knowledge sharing. Funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) BHA, IMPEL will gather information and knowledge in order to measure performance of RFSAs, strengthen accountability, and improve guidance and policy. This information will help the food security community of practice and USAID to design projects and modify existing projects in ways that bolster performance, efficiency, and effectiveness. IMPEL is a seven-year activity (2019– 2026) implemented by Save the Children (lead), TANGO International, Tulane University, Causal Design, Innovations for Poverty Action, and International Food Policy Research Institute. RECOMMENDED CITATION IMPEL. (2022). Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko Resilience Food Security Activity in Zimbabwe (Vol. II). Washington, DC: The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award. PHOTO CREDITS Bridget Siziba / Cultivating National Frontier in Agriculture DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning (IMPEL) award and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTACT INFORMATION IMPEL Associate Award c/o Save the Children 899 North Capitol Street NE, Suite #900 Washington, DC 20002 fsnnetwork.org/IMPEL IMPEL@savechildren.org PREPARED BY: Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Acknowledgments i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was written by Matthew Summers (University of Maryland), Daniele Barro, Monserrat Lara, and Antoine Guilhin from Innovations for Poverty Action, Lasse Brune (Northwestern University), Craig McIntosh (University of California), and Emily Beam (University of Vermont). IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning ii Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments............................................................................................... i LIst of Tables......................................................................................................iii LIst of Figures.....................................................................................................iii Acronyms...........................................................................................................iv Annex B: Baseline Survey Tools........................................................................... 1 Annex C: Field Manual ....................................................................................121 Annex D: Research Protocol............................................................................153 VOLUME I Baseline Evaluation the Amalima Loko Resilience Food Security Activity in Zimbabwe Annex A: Additional Tables Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) List of Tables and Figures iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Annex C: Example: no skip ..........................................................................................................131 Table 2. Annex C: Example: skip ...............................................................................................................131 Table 3. Annex C: Example: other (specify) ..............................................................................................132 Table 4. Annex C: Roles and responsibilities.............................................................................................133 Table 5. Annex C: Pre-departure...............................................................................................................134 Table 6. Annex D: Table 1. Amalima Loko participants by purpose .........................................................159 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Annex C: Tracking sheet.............................................................................................................137 Figure 2. Annex D: Figure 1. Intervention conceptual framework ...........................................................158 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning iv Acronyms ACRONYMS (A)FM Assistant Field Manager BHA Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance CAPI Computer Assisted Personal Interview CNFA Cultivating National Frontier in Agriculture EA Enumeration Area FCS Food Consumption Scores FIES Food Insecurity Scores FO Field Officers GNDI Gross National Disposable Income HFIAS Household Food Insecurity Access Scale IE Impact Evaluation IMPEL Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award IP Implementing Partner IPA Innovations for Poverty Action MC Mother and Child MDD Minimum Dietary Diversity NDVA Normalized Difference Vegetation Index PI Principal Investigator PPP Purchasing Power Parity PPI Product Price Index QE Quasi-Experiment QP Q Partnership RFSA Resilience Food Security Activity RC Research Coordinator USAID United States Agency for International Development USD United States Dollar VSLA Village Saving and Loan Association WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WHO World Health Organization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`I 7G<;ZWRGWH8a8<>.++3+. -+#>&"+ N+##&O8U8!"8S+31"TS+31"T8U8!"8>&3,1>2$358!8)1.D+L82&8(+22+.813,+.)2!3,829+8+>&3&"$>8>&3,$2$&38!3, -+##X(+$358&*8$3,$D$,1!#)8!3,829+$.8*!"$#$+)=8H9+8A1+)2$&3)8Ub"8!(&1282&8!)'8L&183&-8!.+8&3#L8*&. 29+81)+8&*8!8)1.D+L82+!"8!3,8-$##83&28,+2+."$3+8-9&8!>21!##L8.+>+$D+)8!3L8'$3,8&*8!))$)2!3>+8&. -9&8$)8+#$5$(#+82&86!.2$>$6!2+8$38!86.&5.!"= )>.++38@.+A1$.+,B C&1#,8L&18(+8-$##$3582&89!D+8!8,$)>1))$&38-$298"+82&,!LM C&1#,8L&18(+8-$##$3582&89!D+8!8,$)>1))$&38-$298"+82&,!LM I [+) c W& 7G<;ZWRGWH8a8<>.++3+.8a8)>.++3%L+) :.&168.+#+D!328-9+3P8K^)>.++3_8`I >9$#,.+3\8@.+A1$.+,B <0I=8U)829+.+8!8>9$#,8#+))829!38\8L+!.)8&#,8$3829$)89&1)+9&#,M U)829+.+8!8>9$#,8#+))829!38\8L+!.)8&#,8$3829$)89&1)+9&#,M I [+) c W& 6.+58@.+A1$.+,B <0\=8U)829+.+8!86.+53!328-&"!38$3829$)89&1)+9&#,M U)829+.+8!86.+53!328-&"!38$3829$)89&1)+9&#,M I [+) c W& V&3)+32 :.&168.+#+D!328-9+3P8K^)>.++3_8`I 3&2+%#&35 S+31"TS+31"T=8;#+!)+8$3D$2+829+89&1)+9&#,89+!,O8!##829+8!D!$#!(#+8*+"!#+)8-$298>9$#,813,+.8\8L+!.)8&. 6.+53!328!3,8>&3)+32829+"82&829+8,$+2.L8"&,1#+8)+>2$&3)= 01+)2$&38.+#+D!328-9+3P8K^>9$#,.+3\_8`I >&3)+32%3&2+ U32.&,1>2$&38&*8)1.D+L&.8!3,89$)d9+.8!**$#$!2$&3 U32.&,1>2$&38&*8)1.D+L&.8!3,89$)d9+.8!**$#$!2$&3P8EL83!"+8$)8S+31"T=8U8!"8!8.+)+!.>9+. -&.'$358-$2980;!.23+.)9$6O8VW/4O8!3,O8U33&D!2$&3)8*&.8;&D+.2L84>2$&3O8!83&3X6.&*$2 &.5!3$Y!2$&38,+,$>!2+,82&8*$3,$358$33&D!2$D+8) $&3)82&8,+D+#&6"+328$))1+)8$38D!.$&1) >&132.$+)=8 ;1 .6&)+P;1 .6&)+P8U8!"8D$)$2$358L&182&,!L8(+>!1)+8-+8!.+8>&##+>2$358$3*&."!2$&38*&.8&1.8.+)+!.>98&3 $32+.D+32$&3)8!$"+,8!28.+,1>$3586&D+.2L=8H9+8!66.&?$"!2+831"(+.8&*86!.2$>$6!32)8$3829+8)21,L8$) ecc89&1)+9&#,)8.+)$,$358$38E!2!(+#+#!3,8W&.298;.&D$3>+8@f16!3+O8W'!L$O8N-!35+O8!3,8g$35! 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I\ H&"!2&+) Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex B: Baseline Survey Tools 29 I] ;$5+&386+!) Ip :.&13,8(+!3)8@EY!"!B Ie V&22&3 Il <15!.8>!3+ In j+5+2!(#+) Iq ;!6.$'! 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Xlll Z29+.8@)6+>$*LB 3&%>&3)+32%&28@.+A1$.+,B <6+>$*L8Z29+.) 01+)2$&38.+#+D!328-9+3P8K^3&%>&3)+32_8`Xlll 56)%\ ;#+!)+O8.+>&.,8L&1.8>1..+328#&>!2$&3 :;<8>&&.,$3!2+)8>!38&3#L8(+8>&##+>2+,8-9+38&12)$,+= 01+)2$&38.+#+D!328-9+3P8K^>&3)+32%56)_8`I +3,>&""+32 G3,8V&""+32 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 120 Annex B: Baseline Survey Tools Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 121 ANNEX C: FIELD MANUAL Field Manual Baseline: Amalima Loko February 2022 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 122 Annex C: Field Manual ABOUT IMPEL The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award (IMPEL) works to improve the design and implementation of Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA)-funded resilience food security activities (RFSAs) through implementer-led evaluations and knowledge sharing. Funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) BHA, IMPEL will gather information and knowledge in order to measure performance of RFSAs, strengthen accountability, and improve guidance and policy. This information will help the food security community of practice and USAID to design projects and modify existing projects in ways that bolster performance, efficiency, and effectiveness. IMPEL is a seven-year activity (2019– 2026) implemented by Save the Children (lead), TANGO International, Tulane University, Causal Design, Innovations for Poverty Action, and International Food Policy Research Institute. RECOMMENDED CITATION IMPEL. (2020). Field Manual Baseline: Amalima Loko. Washington, DC: The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award. PHOTO CREDITS Roger Zowa / Save the Children. DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning (IMPEL) award and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTACT INFORMATION IMPEL Associate Award c/o Save the Children 899 North Capitol Street NE, Suite #900 Washington, DC 20002 fsnnetwork.org/IMPEL IMPEL@savechildren.org Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 123 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was written by Daniele Barro (Innovations for Poverty Action Zambia) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 124 Annex C: Field Manual ACRONYMS BHA Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance CNFA Cultivating New Frontier in Agriculture EA Enumeration Area IPA Innovations for Poverty Action PPP Purchasing Power Parity RFSA Resilience Food Security Activity USAID United State Agency for International Development USD United States Dollar Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 125 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document summarizes the baseline field manual for the Evaluation of Takunda Resilience Food Security Activity in Zimbabwe. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 126 Annex C: Field Manual 1. INTRODUCTION This manual covers the entire household visit, the household survey, and the anthropometric measurements. Each of these components will be explained in detail, and guidelines will be provided for the surveyor to follow. The motivation for the evaluation of two Resilience Food Security Activities in Zimbabwe is to help Cultivating New Frontiers in Agriculture (CNFA), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) to learn about the impact their multi￾faceted project has on the life of the most vulnerable population. In addition, the evaluation aims to guide the two implementing partners in making evidence-driven operational decisions. The overall objectives of the impact evaluation are the following: 1. To evaluate the effectiveness of Amalima Loko activity interventions in Tsholotsho, Lupane, Nkayi, Hwange, and Binga districts (Matabeleland North Province) a. On the number of people living under the US$1.90 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) poverty line (from a population baseline of 60%) b. On the depth of poverty (how far individuals’ incomes are under the $1.90 poverty line) c. On the number of livestock owned by households d. On the number of agricultural marketing groups that household members are a part of e. On revenue generated from agricultural production This research is being carried out by Innovations for Poverty Action in conjunction with Q Partnership International and Dr. Lasse Brune (Northwestern University), Dr. Jessica Goldberg (University of Maryland), Dr. Dean Karlan (Northwestern University), and Dr. Craig McIntosh (University of California San Diego). The entire research team is therefore depending on you to collect this data diligently and accurately. Data collecting during the household survey will be used to determine a baseline for anthropometric measures and to better understand the economic conditions and well-being of individuals and their families. The information collected will be used to inform CNFA and USAID-BHA in addition to providing policy recommendations to governments and organizations around the world. Any analysis of project findings can only be as good and accurate as the data they are based on. Each interviewer will be responsible for the complete administration of each project component described above to the designated number of households during the months that the survey is being implemented. It is therefore extremely important that you understand all the procedures involved in administering all project components. This Manual will guide in how to administer each component. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 127 2. INTERVIEWER’S ROLE Your role as an interviewer is crucial to the survey. The quality of the data collected will be determined by the quality of your work. You should keep in constant touch with your supervisor and inform them of any problems you encounter in your work in the field. The supervisor, on his part, will provide you with all the necessary materials and instructions and will also collect and check your work and help you solve any problems that may arise. Your principal tasks are to conduct interviews with households and collect census and baseline data including anthropometric measurements of all children in the household. You must follow strictly all instructions contained in this Manual. Read all questions exactly as they appear in the questionnaire. 2.1. Checking the Completed Questionnaire After finishing each interview, you must verify that all the sections have been filled out correctly. You must make sure that you have recorded the required information for all individuals indicated in each section. This must be done immediately after the interview before you save and finalize the form, most importantly, before leaving the enumeration área (EA) [SEA]. Although you may correct minor errors due to your having written down the answers poorly, you must never under any circumstance make any other changes in the completed questionnaire without asking the respondents the same questions again. Do not copy the information you have collected into a new questionnaire. At the end of each day's work, all filled questionnaires must be submitted to the server. Errors detected must be corrected during your next visit to the EA/SEA. 2.2. Relations with the Supervisor You should always follow the advice given to you by your supervisor. They will assign you work at the beginning of each day. In order to satisfy themself that your work is up to standard, the supervisor will carry out the following checks in the field: 2. They will examine in detail all questionnaires filled out by you to verify that each interview has been carried out properly and in full. 3. They will carry out checks on the answers you provided to all questions. 4. Each day he will discuss your work with you. Your supervisor is the link between you, Q Partnership, and IPA. Just as you will receive instructions from them, you must inform them of any difficulties or problems that you encounter. For instance, if you do not understand a procedure or the meaning of a question in the questionnaire, you should ask your supervisor for an explanation. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 128 Annex C: Field Manual 3. THE INTERVIEW You must be careful to follow all the instructions set out in this Manual, the most important of which is to ask the questions exactly in the form in which they appear on the questionnaire. The questionnaire should be filled out during the interview. You must not record the answers on scraps of paper with the intention of transferring them to the questionnaire later. Neither should you count on your memory for filling in the answers once you have left the household. 3.1. Tempo of the Interview You must maintain the tempo of the interview; in particular, avoid long discussions of the questions with the respondents. If you are receiving irrelevant or complicated answers, do not break in too suddenly, but listen to what the respondent is saying and then lead them back to the original question. Remember it is you who are running the interview and therefore you must be in control of the situation at all times. 3.2. Objectivity of the Interviewer It is extremely important that you should remain NEUTRAL about the subject of the interview. Most people are naturally polite, particularly with visitors, and they tend to give answers and adopt attitudes that they think will please the visitor. You must not express surprise, approval, or disapproval about the answers given by the respondent, and you must not tell them/her what you think about these things yourself. You must also avoid any preconceived ideas about the respondent's ability to answer certain questions or about the kind of answer he is likely to give. Your most important task is to read the questions exactly as they are written in the questionnaire. 3.3. Conduct of the Interviewer The surveyor must observe the following rules: 1. You must be courteous towards everyone (the respondent and his/her family and friends, the supervisor, the other members of the team, and everyone else involved). Your behavior can have an enormous influence on people's opinions and responses. 2. You must avoid disturbing or upsetting anyone with your behavior. 3. You must be properly dressed so that the respondent will be inclined to trust you as a reliable and responsible person. 4. You must arrive at the stated time, and never keep the respondents waiting. 5. You must exercise patience and tact in conducting the interview, to avoid antagonizing the respondent or leading them to give answers that are not in conformity with the facts. 6. You must remember to follow the Belmont Principles of research: Justice: “Equal distribution of burdens and benefits.” • The justice principle indicates that those who take the risks should receive the benefits. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 129 • You must ensure to contact and interview every respondent, not just the helpful ones who like doing surveys and have lots of extra time. • The attitudes and activities of people who are “natural-born volunteers” with lots of free time may bear little resemblance to your study population in general. Therefore, you must make every attempt to get people who are initially not interested in the survey to complete a survey. Beneficence: Under the principle of beneficence, the two key points are: • Do not harm, and • Maximize benefits while minimizing risk. • Do not administer an intervention or treatment or conduct data collection that is known or highly likely to be harmful. • Do not deny participants an intervention, treatment, or services they would otherwise be entitled to receive. • It is crucial that the respondents are not put in harm’s way by participating in our study. • The tablet contains Personal Identifying Information. You should take utmost caution to respect and protect the confidentiality of respondents’ Personal Identifying Information (PII) and their information obtained during the surveying process. • Do not leave documents with private information unattended so that people may view them. • Our data is about real issues affecting real people therefore, we must protect the confidentiality of our study participants. We must also not lose the data that we have collected. Respect for person: “The right to decide about being involved in research” • The respect for persons principle states that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents. This means recognizing individuals’ rights and abilities to decide for themselves what to do, what to participate in, and what to allow their personal information to be used for in research. • Seeking individuals’ informed consent. We want to avoid the attitude of demanding that they should be interviewed right away. Always ensure that the respondent is not influenced by any means to be interviewed, but should voluntarily agree to participate. • Participants can voluntarily choose whether or not to participate in a survey. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 130 Annex C: Field Manual 4. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO FILLING HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 4.1. How to Read the Questions Read the questions exactly as they are written in the questionnaire, following the established order. You should refer to the list of household members in the first questionnaire in order to verify the age of the individuals for questionnaires that only apply to individuals within a certain age range. Closely follow the instructions of each section when asking the questions. 4.2. How to Record Responses The responses received from the respondents should be entered into the tablet in SCTO in the provided fields. For all questions pertaining to money or value, please write the response in Zimbabwe Dollars or US Dollars and note the currency the respondent is using. If a person answers “Zero” for a value, please indicate “0” in the field. Do not leave any fields blank unless the survey instructs you to skip those questions. 4.3. Absence of Information or Response There are cases where respondents will not answer an individual question, either because they do not know the answer or because they refuse to answer the question. If after asking the question a second time, you still cannot get a response, the following codes should be recorded: • Missing = -111 • Don't know = -999 • Not applicable = -888 Note that there are negative signs before each of these numerical choices. However, you should use these codes very rarely. Your supervisors will warn you if they feel that you are unnecessarily or too frequently using these codes, as their excessive use may indicate a lack of effort on your part to collect the required information from the respondents. Only use these codes when necessary. 4.4. Skip Pattern In order to have a logical order to fill in the questionnaire, it has been designed with a system of skips (�) that allows you to follow the logical sequence of questions based on responses to questions already provided. If there are no additional instructions, you move directly to the next question. If you have any questions regarding skip patterns in the questionnaire, be sure to ask your supervisor about them. Your questions may also help to improve this manual, by pointing out questions or topics that need further explanation or more detailed instructions. It is essential that you follow the skip patterns very carefully. If any questions with no responses are recorded in a way that is inconsistent with the skip patterns in the questionnaire, you will be sent back to the household to collect the missing information. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 131 Failing to skip questions when you should, or skipping questions when you should not, is considered a serious error in data collection, and will not be taken lightly. Examples of skip patterns are below. i. Example: No Skip Whatever the answer to this type of question, continue to ask the immediately following question. Table 1. Annex C: Example: no skip B3 Sex of household head? MALE (0) FEMALE (1) ii. Example: Skip The form will automatically skip to the next question if Table 2. Annex C: Example: skip B1 What is your role in the household? HOUSEHOLD HEAD (1) ACTING AS HOUSEHOLD HEAD WHILE HE/SHE IS AWAY (2) NOT HOUSEHOLD HEAD (3) If (1), skip to B4. This means if the response is “1”, the form will skip to B4. 4.5. The “Other” Category In order to include all possible responses that may be provided, many questions include a response option of “Other” (Specify) to record responses that are not covered by any of the pre-coded responses. When you use this code, also write in a brief explanation of the category, preferably in the text field where the response is recorded. If the same “Other” category is used for several persons or items in the same question, it can be explained in the space provided in the list of responses in the box containing the question. Example: Other (specify) If the reply given by the respondent does not fit in the list of pre-coded responses, you must use the code number of "Other (specify)". In this case, you should give details briefly in the text field provided. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 132 Annex C: Field Manual Table 3. Annex C: Example: other (specify) E.1.d What is your relationship with the head of the household? The household head is my _____. SPOUSE (1) FATHER/MOTHER (2) GRANDFATHER/GRANDMOTHER (3) SON/DAUGHTER (4) BROTHER/SISTER (5) UNCLE/AUNTIE (6) OTHER, SPECIFY (-666): _________________ Supposing the reply is COUSIN, write “Cousin” in the text field provided under "Other (specify)". 4.6. Writing in Names & Codes You may have to provide or insert the name of a person, place, thing, animal, etc. into a question. 4.7. Data Entry The data will be entered directly into the tablet. Consider the following points seriously: 5. Write in capital letters and in the case of figures don't use roman numbers: i.e. write 6 instead of VI. If you are not sure of the spelling of a place or name see the supervisor. 6. Be brief when writing in comments or specify other fields. 7. In writing amounts and other figures, always separate each group of three figures with a comma, starting from the right: e.g. 100000 as 100,000; but not 100 000. 8. Generally, where a question specifically calls for a unit of measurement, the CODE for the unit will be shown on the appropriate page for your reference. 9. The ID number of any individual will remain the same throughout the entire project. Thus, there will be sections that ask questions about some of the household members, and these IDs will be preloaded. You will need to verify that the household details indicated at the beginning of the survey are the same as those already pre-loaded into the survey form. 4.8. Who to Collect Data From? Data should only be collected from the individual specifically assigned to be interviewed. This individual is either the household head or a knowledgeable person in the household. However, certain modules will require you to collect the data from the caregivers in the household, any farmer in the household, households in a union, and household members who are working. However, there may be times when other household members are present during the interview and either give answers or help the respondent with an answer. If the respondent consults with these people and they influence her answers, you should record this at the end of the questionnaire in the Comments Section. You may NOT record data given by other household members if the respondent does not give you the data herself/himself. The respondent is allowed to consult with others but must give you all answers herself. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 133 5. PLANNING AND FIELDWORK The following section provides very important information about the fieldwork process. Please be sure to read this and if you have any questions please ask the Target team. 5.1. Roles & Responsibilities The following table outlines roles and responsibilities in the team. Supervisors will be provided with a separate contact sheet with contact details. Everyone is expected to abide by the Target Research Code of Conduct and Health and Safety Policy. See appendix 3 and 4. You will be expected to sign that you accept the policy and code of conduct. See appendix 1. Table 4. Annex C: Roles and responsibilities Role Responsibilities Research Manager Overall responsibility for research process for baseline. Quality check teams work. Project Manager Support research manager. Quality check teams work in field. Administrator Provide logistical and administrative support to teams. Supervisors Lead daily planning sessions with team, back check 20% of teams work & accompany 10% to ensure quality, manage finances for team, de-brief team, manage team, communicate with research manager and/or project manager to resolve issues. Collect data in line with sampling strategies and approaches. Enumerators Partake in daily planning sessions, collect data in line with sampling strategies and approach. Communicate with supervisor when issues arise. Report to supervisor however in the event that an enumerator feels it necessary to communicate directly with head office/management please contact in the first instance the Project Manager Canford Chiroro on +263 (0) 778590587 and then Research Manager Caroline Trigg 0712 234 472 or 0779 8880 44. This should not be a regular practice but in the event of a serious concern. Drivers Drive team conduct vehicle checks and work with team and supervisor to resolve any issues that arise with vehicle. Report to supervisor & hire vehicle supplier. Details will be provided. Collect receipts for all vehicle-related expenditure including maintenance repairs and fuel and provide to supervisor. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 134 Annex C: Field Manual 5.2. Planning 5.2.1. Pre-Departure Table 5. Annex C: Pre-departure Responsibility Definition Person Responsible Pick up field packs Receive field Pack from Debs at Target and check that everything is in order & sign off on the checklist Supervisor Cash allocation Collect cash & supporting templates from administrator & sign received on Cash Disbursement Sheet Supervisor Vehicle collection Collect from supplier or Target, conduct vehicle check & sign Vehicle Check List and give to administrator Driver & Supervisor Confirm pick up point Team to liaise & confirm pick up point & time Supervisor Check equipment Pack tablet (ensure charged) & charger, laptop & charger, phone & charger. Ensure you pack sufficient copies of tools in paper format. Team (all) Travel to field Travel to the field as scheduled. Team 5.2.2. Finances Expense sheets are filled in by all supervisors. This will include fuel expenses. Instructions and sheets can be found in the supervisor’s manual. Once expense sheets are filled in they must be submitted (2 copies) to the Administrator, Debs for processing. Fieldwork expense sheets will be provided and signed for and will detail payment tranches. All receipts must be made out to Q Partnership, dated and with clear details including vehicle registration number where relevant. Receipts are not needed for expenditure on per diems. Where money is used and no receipt is available the person paid must sign a piece of paper with full details including date, amount, ID number, and mobile phone number. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 135 APPENDIX 1: CONSENT FORM BASELINE SURVEY Introduction of surveyor and his/her affiliation: My name is __________. I am a researcher working with Innovations for Poverty Action, a non-profit organization dedicated to finding innovative solutions to development issues in various countries. Purpose: I am visiting you today because we are collecting information for our research on interventions aimed at reducing poverty. The approximate number of participants in the study is 500 households residing in Matabeleland North Province (Tsholotsho, Lupane, Nkayi, Hwange, and Binga Districts). We are inviting households in your community to participate in this survey to better understand the economic conditions and well-being of individuals and their families. Through this study, we hope to have a better understanding of your lives, economic activities, and the difficulties that you face in everyday life. Specifically, in this survey, you will be asked about the composition of your household, your household’s assets, income-generating activities, financial situation, and the health of your household members. Procedures and Duration: Participation in this stage of the study will involve completing a survey. Topics to be covered are household composition, food access, your employment and income-generating activities, agriculture, and health. The survey will take approximately 2 hours of your time. We would also like to use the tablet computer to record our current location and make audio recordings of some of your answers. This information will help us collect accurate information. The recordings are voluntary and are not a requirement for participation in this survey. We will not record them against your will, and you will be asked to confirm if you agree at the beginning of the survey. This project will continue from 2022 to 2025. We may contact you over the next few years for follow-up surveys, but you are free to decline participation in the follow-up survey if you wish. Risks and Discomforts: Participants in this survey may experience distress over the nature of the questions. There are no other expected risks from participating in this survey. Benefits/Compensation: You will not directly receive any program or services just by participating in this study. However, the information you provide will be very valuable in understanding more about the people in this area and will be used to learn how to improve poverty alleviation programs in the future. As a thank you for participating in this survey, you will be provided in-kind compensation for the time dedicated to the survey equivalent to 5 United States Dollar (USD). Confidentiality: The information that you give in the study will be handled confidentially. While there is always a small risk that your personal information could be compromised, the researchers will take steps to protect your personal information. For example, your personal information will be stored on a password-protected computer and only shared with the research team. The data you give me will be used for academic reports in the future, but we will not include your name or other identifying information. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 136 Annex C: Field Manual The answers you provide will be kept confidential to the extent possible (and allowable by law). The answers you provide will only be accessible to the research team and individuals from IPA who oversee the research. IPA will anonymize your personal data as soon as we no longer need it for IPA’s research. Data that cannot be linked to you personally may be used for research and academic publications. Only information that does not identify you may be shared with other people or organizations. You may be contacted to participate in a follow-up or another study at a future date. Additional Costs: There will be no additional cost for you to participate in the study. Voluntary Participation: Participation in this survey is completely voluntary. You are free to decline to participate, to end participation at any time for any reason, or to refuse to answer any individual question without penalty. There are no costs associated with participating in this survey. You will receive a copy of the consent form to keep contact details of the responsible people managing the study and to have a reference of the same. Questions: If you have any questions about this study, you may contact the Policy Manager, Tamara Billima Mulenga (+260 977 175993 or tbillima@poverty-action.org) or the Data Collection Project Manager, Canford Chiroro (+263(0)242 309 412 or +263(0)778 590 587 or cchiroro@gmail.com). You may also contact the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ) by calling +263 791 792 or +263 791 193. This Council has reviewed the research protocol and can guide participants on how to report any matters that appear to violate the rights of participants. Sponsor: This research is funded by the United States Agency for International Development Bureau of Humanitarian Assistance which aims to reduce hunger and malnutrition. Consent: Do you have any questions about what I just read? If I have answered all your questions, do you agree to participate in this survey? Do you agree to allow us to collect your GPS location? STATEMENT OF CONSENT I have read the above document, or it has been read and explained to me. I understand that I do not have to participate and that I can stop participating at any time. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 137 APPENDIX 2: TRACKING SHEET Figure 1. Annex C: Tracking sheet IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 138 Annex C: Field Manual APPENDIX 3: CODE OF CONDUCT 1. PURPOSE The purpose of a Code of Conduct is to provide a framework for decisions and actions in relation to conduct in employment. It underpins our commitment to a duty of care to all Staff, stakeholders, and clients receiving our services. The document explains the principles covering appropriate conduct in a variety of contexts and outlines the minimum standard of behaviour expected from Staff. 2. SCOPE This policy applies to all contractors and staff (referred to as staff from this point) of Target Research and all of its subsidiaries and related entities. This policy applies in respect of conduct which relates to or is connected with, in any way, work with Target Research. This includes, but is not limited to, contractors or staff who are: (a) on Company Premises; (b) while on duty in any place where Staff of any Target Research company are working; (c) representing Target Research; (d) at a work function organised by a Target Research; or (e) travelling for business-related purposes. 3. DEFINITIONS “Company Premises” means any place or utility used by Target Research in the course of conducting its business, (whether or not owned by or within the exclusive control of a Target Research company) including, but not limited to: (a) vehicles; (b) offices; (c) car parks; (d) client worksites; (e) demountables; (f) workshops; 5. RESPONSIBILITIES Supervisors Managers and supervisors are responsible and accountable for: • Undertaking their duties and behaving in a manner that is consistent with the provisions of Code of Conduct; • The effective implementation, promotion and support of the Code of Conduct in their areas of responsibility. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 139 • Ensuring Staff under their control understand and follow the provisions outlined in the Code of Conduct. • Staff (which includes all contractors): All Staff are responsible for: • Undertaking their duties in a manner that is consistent with the provisions of the Code of Conduct; • Reporting suspected corrupt conduct; and • Reporting any departure from the Code of Conduct by themselves or others. 6. PROCEDURES 6.1 Overview Target Research engages with a variety of individuals. These relationships may be defined by differences in power, status, cultural diversity, organisational structures, contracting relationships, differing country laws, labour laws, international relationships and or national governments. It is essential in such a community that all staff recognise and respect not only their own rights and responsibilities but also the rights and responsibilities of other members of the community and those of Target Research. Target Research also recognises that many of their professional Staff are also bound by codes of conduct or ethics defined by learned or professional societies or groups. It is recognised that these codes are not always in harmony. It is an obligation of a staff member to weigh the importance of these codes in each particular set of circumstances and notify an appropriate officer of Target Research where such conflict may arise. 6.2 Personal and Professional Behaviour You should not behave in a way which has the intent or effect of offending or embarrassing other Staff or the public in a manner contrary to legislative requirements. When carrying out your duties, you will: • Obey any lawful direction from a person who has the authority to give the direction. If you have a dispute about carrying out a direction you may appeal to your senior Manager; • Behave honestly and with integrity. You will avoid behaviour that could suggest that you are not following these principles. This will include a duty to report other Staff who are behaving dishonestly; • Make sure that you carry out your work efficiently, economically and effectively as you are able and that the standard of your work reflects favourably on yourself and the company; • Follow the policies of the company in all aspects of work to achieve outcomes that are socially responsible and sustainable. • Treat Staff, clients and stakeholders with respect. • Maintain individuals’ rights to privacy and undertake to keep personal information in confidence. • Do not use, possess or distribute pornographic or offensive materials. • Comply with all national and international laws. • When representing the Company in public forums: IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 140 Annex C: Field Manual • Staff at all levels represent the Company in the course of their employment including when traveling on Company business, attending functions on behalf of the Company or internal Company meetings, conferences, training programs, seminars or any other function. • Your behaviour in all these circumstances reflects on the Company and its image. As such, you should act in an appropriate business-like manner that will in no way harm the image of the Company or infringe any other Company policy including the Discrimination Free Workplace Policy. • Where any Company function or meeting is held that involves the availability of alcohol, steps should be taken to ensure that it is not abused. You should be aware that being work-related, behaviour in those situations can be subject to disciplinary procedures. 6.3 Conflict of Interest The potential for conflict of interest arises when it is likely that you could be influenced, or it could be perceived that you are influenced by a personal interest when carrying out your duties. Conflicts of interest that lead to biased decision-making may constitute corrupt conduct. Some situations that may give rise to a conflict of interest include situations where you have: • Financial interests in a matter the company deals with or you are aware that your friends or relatives have a financial interest in the matter; • Directorships/Management of outside organisations; • You may often be the only person aware of the potential for conflict. Therefore it is your responsibility to avoid any financial or other interest that could compromise your ability to perform your duties impartially. It is also your responsibility to report any potential or actual conflicts of interest to your manager. If you are uncertain whether a conflict exists, you should discuss that matter with your manager and attempt to resolve any conflicts that may exist. You must not submit or accept any bribe, or other improper inducement. Any advances of this nature are to be reported to senior management. If you are dealing with or having access to, sensitive information, you should be particularly alert to inappropriate attempts to influence you. Outside employment/Other external business activities: • If you work full time for the company and you wish to engage in paid employment/other business activities (including participation in family company) outside your official duties you are required to seek the approval of your manager and Human Resources. The approval should not be unreasonably withheld. However if there is any real or potential conflict of interest the duties of your position with the company must come first. • If you work for the company on a part-time or casual basis, you are required to advise your manager and Human Resources of any real or potential conflict of interest between your employment for the company and any other employment. • The company can request the details of any other employment in the event of allegations of conflict of interest. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 141 6.4 Public Comment Individuals have a right to give their opinions on political and social issues in their private capacity as members of the community. Staff must not make official comments on matters relating to the company unless they are: • Authorised to do so by the Managing Director and • Giving evidence in court; or • Otherwise authorised or required to by law. • Staff cannot release the contents of unpublished or privileged knowledge unless they have the authority to do so. 6.5 Use of Company Resources Staff must ensure responsible management and security in the use of Target Research resources and any resources managed by them for or on behalf of others. Requests to use company resources outside core business time should be referred to management (or a person authorised to handle such matters), for approval. If Staff are authorised to use company resources outside core business times they must take responsibility for maintaining, replacing, and safeguarding the property and following any special directions or conditions which apply. Company resources can include equipment, typing facilities, photocopiers, computers, tools, motor vehicles etc. Staff using company resources without obtaining prior approval could face disciplinary and/or criminal action. Company resources are not to be used for any private commercial purposes (eg. for ‘profit’ purposes) under any circumstances. 6.6 Security of Information Staff are to make sure that confidential and sensitive information in any form (eg documents, computers files) cannot be accessed by unauthorised persons. Sensitive material should be securely stored overnight or when unattended. Staff must ensure that confidential information is only discussed with people who are authorised to have access to it. It is considered a serious area of misconduct to deliberately release confidential documents or information to unauthorised persons, and may incur disciplinary action. 6.7 Intellectual Property/Copyright The term ‘intellectual property’ includes the rights relating to scientific discoveries, industrial designs, trademarks, service marks, commercial names and designations, and inventions. Target Research is the owner of intellectual property created by Staff in the course of employment unless a specific prior agreement has been made. Staff must clarify the intellectual property position before making any use of that property. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 142 Annex C: Field Manual 6.8 Discrimination, Harassment and Workplace Bullying Staff must not harass, discriminate, or support others who harass and discriminate against colleagues or members of the public on the grounds of sex, pregnancy, marital status, age, race (including their colour, nationality, descent, ethnic or religious background), physical or intellectual impairment, homosexuality or transgender. Staff also must not participate in any form of workplace bullying or support others who do so. Managers must make sure that the workplace is free from all forms of harassment, unlawful discrimination and workplace bullying. They should understand and apply the principles of Equal Employment Opportunity and ensure that the Staff they supervise are informed of these principles and are made aware of the Grievance Handling procedures. 6.9 Child Protection The onus is on Staff to use common sense and avoid actions or behaviours that could be construed as child abuse when working for Target Research. When carrying out your duties, you will: • Treat children with respect regardless of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status; • not use language or behaviour towards children that is inappropriate, harassing, abusive, sexually provocative, demeaning or culturally inappropriate; • Not engage children in any form of sexual activity or acts, including paying for sexual services or acts, where under the law(s) applicable to the child, the child is below the age of consent or the act(s) are an offence under relevant laws; • wherever possible, ensure that another adult is present when working in the proximity of children; • not invite unaccompanied children into your home, unless they are at immediate risk of injury or in physical danger; • not sleep close to unsupervised children unless absolutely necessary, in which case you will obtain your supervisor’s permission, and ensure that another adult is present if possible;  use any computers, mobile phones, or video and digital cameras appropriately, and never to exploit or harass children or to access child pornography through any medium (see below regarding the use of children’s images for work related purposes); • refrain from physical punishment or discipline of children (excluding your own children); refrain from hiring children for domestic or other labour which is inappropriate given their • age or developmental stage, which interferes with their time available for education and recreational activities, or which places them at significant risk of injury; • comply with all relevant legislation, including local and international labour law in relation to child labour; and • immediately report concerns or allegations of child abuse in accordance with appropriate procedures. • When photographing or filming a child for work related purposes, you will: Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 143 • assess and endeavour to comply with local traditions or restrictions for reproducing personal images before photographing or filming a child; • obtain consent from the child or a parent or guardian of the child before photographing or filming a child and in doing so, you must explain how the photograph or film will be used; • ensure photographs, films, videos and DVDs present children in a dignified and respectful manner and not in a vulnerable or submissive manner. Children should be adequately clothed and not in poses that could be seen as sexually suggestive; • ensure images are honest representations of the context and the facts; and • ensure file labels do not reveal identifying information about a child when sending images electronically. Breaches of this child protection code of conduct may result in disciplinary and/or criminal action. 6.10 Corrupt Conduct Commonly it involves the dishonest or partial use of power or position which results in one person/group being advantaged over another. Corruption can take many forms including, but not limited to: • official misconduct; • bribery and blackmail; • unauthorised use of confidential information; • fraud; and • theft. 6.11 Occupational Health & Safety It is the responsibility of all Staff to act in accordance with the occupational health and safety legislation, regulations and policies and their respective organisations and use security and safety equipment provided. Specifically all staff members are responsible for safety in their work area by: • following the safety and security directives of management; • advising management of areas where there is potential problem in safety and reporting suspicious occurrences; and • minimising risks in the workplace. 6.12 Conduct of Current / Former Staff Staff should not misuse their position to obtain opportunities for future employment. Staff should not allow themselves or their work to be influenced by plans for, or offers of employment outside of Target Research. If they do there is a conflict of interest and their integrity and that of Target Research is at risk. Former Staff should not use, or take advantage of confidential information obtained in the course of their official duties that may lead to gain or profit, until it has become publicly available. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 144 Annex C: Field Manual 6.13 Breaches of the Code of Conduct Staff should note that breaches of certain sections of this Code of Conduct may be subject to legal prosecution. Breaches of this Code of Conduct may lead to disciplinary action. The process for disciplinary action is outlined in Target Research policies and guidelines, relevant industrial awards and agreements. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 145 APPENDIX 4: HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY This policy ensures that all enumerators working in the field do so in a manner that minimises risk. This policy will set out specific requirements, processes and tasks that all enumerators will follow. It is essential that all enumerators familiarise themselves with this policy as there may be financial penalties arising if certain requirements are ignored. Target Research may not accept any liability as a result of failure on the part of the enumerator to comply with this policy’s requirements. Supervisor responsibilities Supervisors have the responsibility to appropriately plan and assess any potential risks to themselves and their teams’ whist undertaking fieldwork. Personal ID and Communication requirements • All field team members must carry their National ID with them at all times • Mobile phones should be kept charged and hold sufficient airtime • Where available, medical aid cards should also be carried District protocols The supervisor must ensure that he/she has both the originals and enough copies all the Government Ministry Permission letters for each member of the team, needed in order to work in the district Teams should not start to work in a district without first introducing themselves to, and seeking permission from, the local authorities to go about their duties. These being: • The District Administrator • The relevant Ministry(s) under whom the research study falls Other agencies in the district that need to be seen could also include: • The District Council CEO • The Central Intelligence Organisation • The Police Each enumerator must ensure that they have copies of the correct permission letters before starting fieldwork Personal Safety As general practise the following guidelines for working in the field should be adhered to: • Enumerators are encouraged to travel in groups or pairs in the same general area when doing interviewing • To keep in contact with each other via mobile phone • Have an agreed meeting place and time • Enumerators are not to work alone after dark IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 146 Annex C: Field Manual • Working after dark should only take place in exceptional circumstances Petty theft Petty theft is common in both urban and rural areas • Enumerators should avoid carrying with them any valuables and displaying any signs of wealth • Enumerators should avoid leaving valuables such as tablets, lap tops, phones in the vehicle or in guest houses or lodges Crowds/demonstrations/civil unrest There are limited risks of demonstrations, particularly in the major cities and towns, which could lead to violence • The Supervisor and the team should monitor local news for any disturbances and plan to avoid any large gatherings • No-one should engage in political conversations at any time Food Hygiene • Enumerators should use their best judgment when buying food, cooked or otherwise. Avoid eating raw food unless it can be peeled or foods that are uncovered/unpackaged Water Purity • If unsure of the source of the water, boil for at least 3 minutes and/or carry bottled water Sanitation • Enumerators will be working in areas with low standards of sanitation and should carry soap and water and/or hand sanitizer with them Illness and Diseases • Enumerators should seek medical help early to reduce the need for urgent care • Enumerators are encouraged to use preventative measures to avoid disease transmission – in particular malaria, cholera, typhoid and respiratory conditions such as TB among others • Enumerators are encouraged to have their own medical aid/insurance cover • Enumerators are encouraged to seek the highest level of medical care that they can Sexually Transmitted Diseases • Enumerators will conduct themselves in a professional manner during their employ with Target Research and are encouraged to use preventative measures to avoid disease transmission Vehicle safety Safety in the vehicle • Safety seat belts must be worn in both the front and rear seats (if fitted) at all times • Ensure that all doors are locked before setting off and remain locked whilst travelling Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 147 • Stow and secure loose luggage/items in the boot or on the floor in the back of the vehicle as unsecured luggage/items can cause injury and damage in the event of a collision. • If using the roof rack, ensure that all items are safely secured • The vehicle should be kept in a clean and tidy state at all times, both inside and out • It is not permitted to give lifts to any unauthorised passengers • It is not permitted to use a Target Research vehicle for commercial or other personal purposes Security of the vehicle • The ignition key must always be removed and the vehicle locked whenever left unattended • Check that all windows, bonnet, boot lid, and fuel cap are locked and secure • Wherever possible, park in a secure and well lit area • Never leave valuable items in view, lock them in the boot or ensure they are not visible or take them with you Authorised Drivers • Only authorised drivers may drive a Target Research vehicle • Any person authorised by Target Research to drive a vehicle on behalf of Target Research must be over twenty-five (25) and have a current clean (unendorsed) driving license • All authorised drivers must sign a Driver Contract; read and understand the Target Research Health and Safety Policy for Drivers; and submit a copy of their driver’s license to Target Research Driving safety The supervisor must ensure that: • The safest route is chosen and must plan to arrive at the final destination before dark • The driver follows the rules of the road at all times • Bribes to Police Officers at road-blocks are not paid • The driver will not attempt to cross bridges or roads that are washed away by rains Vehicle breakdown If the vehicle should break down: • If possible park safely or move the vehicle off the road, switch on the hazard lights and place the triangles at least 20 metres from the front and the back of the vehicle • Report the fault to the owner of the vehicle hire company first before making a decision regarding repairs (refer to the vehicle handover sheet for instructions). • Target Research head office must also be informed Vehicle incidents An incident is not necessarily an accident; it could be driver error resulting in damage to the vehicle. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 148 Annex C: Field Manual If an incident involving the vehicle occurs: • If possible park safely or move the vehicle off the road, switch on the hazard lights and place the triangles at least 20 metres away from the front and the back of the vehicle • Report the incident to the owner of the vehicle hire company (refer to the vehicle handover sheet for instructions). Do not make any decisions regarding repairs if they are needed. • The owner of the vehicle will advise whether the incident needs to be reported to the Police ● Target Research head office must also be informed ACCIDENTS In the event of an accident, the driver must immediately do the following: • Put vehicle(s)hazard lights on • Switch off engine(s) • Place warning triangles in the road –at least 20 metres away from the front and back the vehicle If there are other people who can help, send them back along the road to warn oncoming traffic and to slow passing traffic down. If the driver is incapacitated, the supervisor or an enumerator must ensure that the stationary vehicle is, as far as possible, visible to other motorists and road users Get help Phone emergency services: All services: 999 Police: 995 Ambulance: 994 Fire: 993 Econet subscribers: 112 Net-One subscribers: 114 Give the following information to the emergency services: • Your name and telephone number (if you get cut off the emergency services can phone you back) • The location of the incident – road, landmarks etc • Description of the accident – i.e. 1 vehicle and a cow involved, 2 people injured Assess injuries: • The quiet casualties are probably the most injured. Reassure the noisy ones that help is on the way • Do not move anyone who is unconscious or is in pain. You may cause further injury • Stop bleeding. Firm pressure on a wound will help to stem bleeding Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 149 • Do not give anyone anything to eat or drink Secure any valuables i.e. laptops, tablets, bags, cash Phone the owner of the vehicle hire company and inform Target Research If you are involved in a collision that causes damage or injury to another person or persons, vehicle, animal or property you MUST: • STOP – failing to stop is an offence • Call the police • Do not accept blame for the accident as it could count against you later on • You are obliged to give your name and address to anyone else involved • If another driver is involved get name and address, contact numbers, driving license number and insurance details and try and establish the ownership of the vehicle You should also try and collect the following information from the scene of the accident: • The registration numbers of all the vehicles involved, the make and colour of the vehicles • The date and time of the accident • A description of the conditions – weather, light, road surface • Names of witnesses and any passengers and their contact numbers • Names of attending police officers and their force ID number • A list of any/all damage to vehicles, people, animals, and/or property • A sketch showing the positions of the vehicles involved • If you have a camera on your mobile phone, take photos of the scene of the accident IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 150 Annex C: Field Manual APPENDIX 5: COVID-19 PROTOCOLS Office The following protocols will be followed: • Partners, staff and Associates are encouraged to work from home and to utilise VOIP services such as Teams or Zoom for meetings and communication both with clients and internally • The office furniture has been reconfigured in shared offices so that workspaces are placed 1.5 metres apart from each other • Masks will be worn at all times when in the office • Sanitizer is available for use in each office and should be applied on entering and when leaving the office • Windows will be opened to ensure a free flow of air • Meetings in the board room: o Participants will sit a minimum of 1 metre apart from each other o Windows will be opened to ensure a free flow of air o Masks will be worn during meetings o Sanitizer will be made available on entering the boardroom and when leaving the boardroom Research Protocols Statement on Researcher COVID-19 Vaccination Status Q Partnership has a duty of care to protect its researchers, the communities it interacts with and importantly, a duty to protect the individual respondent(s) when carrying out research activities. While we respect that having a COVID-19 vaccine is an individual choice, and after considering the real risks involved to our research teams, respondents and the communities that they live in, Q Partnership will only contract researchers who are fully vaccinated for all our research studies. Researchers will be required to provide a copy of their COVID-19 vaccine certificate with their signed contract before they are contracted and before training commences. Pre-fieldwork During the permissions process, the local leadership at both province and district level will be provided with an outline of the study COVID-19 protocols for dissemination in the communities that the researchers will be working with, prior to fieldwork commencing. This is to reassure communities who are nervous of visitors entering their communities from urban areas Training The following protocols will be followed in the training room: • The training room will be sanitized daily, and all windows will be opened fully to ensure a flow of air • Full sanitization daily of all equipment used during training inc. tablets, laptops etc Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex C: Field Manual 151 • Sanitizer will be provided as participants enter the training room and participants will be required to sanitize their hands before and after breaks • All participants will wear masks at all times, apart from when eating or drinking • Participants will be placed 1 metre apart • Participants will be clustered in their teams • Participants will be trained on the protocols required to conduct fieldwork safely • A contact tracing register will be maintained for all participants including catering and any other staff involved in the training Fieldwork Prior to the fieldwork commencing, local leaders will be informed of the measures put in place (the Covid-19 protocols) to ensure that respondents in their area are safe during the interview. When conducting interviews face-to-face researchers will be trained to follow the following guidance: • Respondents will be informed of the measures put in place to ensure that they are safe • Researchers will maintain a contact tracing register for all participants • Researchers will request to do the interview in an open area wherever practical • As far as reasonably possible, stand or sit at a minimum of 1.5 metres (ideally 2 metres) distance from participants and all others that they encounter during the research activities. • When greeting, do not shake hands • Before the interview commences, the researcher will sanitize both the interviewee’s and their own hands using the sanitizer they have been provided with • The researcher will offer the interviewee a mask to wear during the interview and will ensure that they can see it is a new, unused mask • The researcher should ensure that they are always wearing a mask correctly – covering both nose and chin • The researchers will be reminded to wash hands with soap for at least 20 seconds and more frequently than usual, and especially: after sneezing or coughing; after toilet use; before eating food; before, during and after preparing food; and when hands are dirty. Researchers will be provided with hand sanitizer in case they cannot access soap and water • Avoid close contact with anyone with a cold or flu-like symptoms • When coughing and sneezing cover mouth and nose with tissue paper or flexed elbow- throw away the tissue immediately and wash hands • Avoid sharing pens, utensils and handling with open palms in busy common places like door handles, elevator keys and staircase rails • Make smart decisions about crowded places, if they can, avoid crowds • If they feel unwell before conducting research activities, they should let their supervisor know and wait for guidance before conducting any research activities. If they fall ill with a fever, cough and difficulty in breathing following research activities, the supervisor will contact the Project Manager for up-to-date guidance on the next steps to take. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 152 Annex C: Field Manual Guidance if conducting a face-to-face interview involves visiting an institution • Seek permission to visit the institution and state the purpose of the visit in advance • Show the clearance letter or permission to conduct research at the institution • Find out the COVID-19 protocols in place at the institution • Strictly adhere to the institution COVID-19 protocols, such as sanitisation and physical / social distancing • Take additional precautions beyond the laid out local protocols. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 153 ANNEX D: RESEARCH PROTOCOL Sampling Plan and Pre-Analysis Plan: Amalima Loko May2022 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 154 Annex D: Research Protocol ABOUT IMPEL The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award (IMPEL) works to improve the design and implementation of Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA)-funded resilience food security activities (RFSAs) through implementer-led evaluations and knowledge sharing. Funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) BHA, IMPEL will gather information and knowledge in order to measure performance of RFSAs, strengthen accountability, and improve guidance and policy. This information will help the food security community of practice and USAID to design projects and modify existing projects in ways that bolster performance, efficiency, and effectiveness. IMPEL is a seven-year activity (2019– 2026) implemented by Save the Children (lead), TANGO International, Tulane University, Causal Design, Innovations for Poverty Action, and International Food Policy Research Institute. RECOMMENDED CITATION IMPEL. (2020). Sampling Plan and Pre-Analysis Plan: Amalima Loko, DC: The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award. PHOTO CREDITS Save the Children DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning (IMPEL) award and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTACT INFORMATION IMPEL Associate Award c/o Save the Children 899 North Capitol Street NE, Suite #900 Washington, DC 20002 fsnnetwork.org/IMPEL IMPEL@savechildren.org Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 155 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was written by Daniele Barro (Innovations for Poverty Action Zambia), Lasse Brune (Northwestern University), and Craig McIntosh (University of California). IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 156 Annex D: Research Protocol ACRONYMS BHA Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance CNFA Cultivating National Frontier in Agriculture GNDI Gross National Disposable Income HFIAS Household Food Insecurity Access Scale IPA Innovations for Poverty Action MDD Minimum Dietary Diversity NDVA Normalized Difference Vegetation Index PPP Purchasing Power Parity QE Quasi-Experiment RFSA Resilience Food Security Activity USAID United States Agency for International Development VSLA Village Saving and Loan Association WHO World Health Organization Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 157 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document includes the sampling plan and the pre-analysis plan for the Evaluation of the Amalima Loko Resilience Food Security Activity in Zimbabwe. The intervention is implemented by Cultivating National Frontier in Agriculture (CNFA) and evaluated by Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA). The protocol includes the following documents: • Sampling Plan • Pre-Analysis Plan For reference, outcome monitoring corresponds to the midline data collection activity. The protocol appendix includes the following documents: • Baseline Field Manual • Baseline survey manual (including instrument) • Monitoring plan for fieldwork IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 158 Annex D: Research Protocol INTRODUCTION The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) has contracted CARE and Cultivating New Frontiers in Agriculture (CNFA) to provide 5-year Resilience Food Security Activities (RFSAs) in Zimbabwe called Takunda and Amalima Loko, respectively. Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) is a research organization specializing in the rigorous evaluation of international development programs. It will, with support from Save the Children, USAID-BHA’s prime, evaluate the Amalima Loko activities to assess its overall impact. The document is divided into four sections. The first section summarizes the Amalima Loko activities. The following section describes the study design. The third section describes the baseline sampling strategy. The last section is the pre-analysis plan. 1. THE AMALIMA LOKO ACTIVITIES The goal of Amalima Loko is to sustainably improve food security through increased food access and sustainable watershed management among extremely poor and chronically vulnerable households and communities in Matabeleland North Province. The Amalima Loko interventions are grouped into three aims: 1) enhanced and inclusive local ownership over food security and resilience planning and development; 2) improved health and availability of soil, water, and plant resources within the watershed and their individual and collective capacities to withstand the most common shocks and stressors; and 3) improved human health and livelihoods. Amalima Loko’s activities will be rolled out in 87 wards across the participating districts, with the wards assigned to 21 watershed clusters of 3–5 wards each. Amalima Loko will generally be implemented in every village in the intervention area, with an expected target population of 188,302. The expectation is that individuals will self-select into the interventions which are most beneficial to them, as such, while all individuals are eligible, not everyone in each area is expected to participate. Table 1 below shows the intervention conceptual framework Figure 2. Annex D: Figure 1. Intervention conceptual framework Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 159 CNFA’s implementation of the activities is scheduled to begin in November 2021 and continue until September 2025. CNFA is implementing the activities in two phases, and IPA will conduct baseline data collection only among households in Phase 2 villages. CNFA’s activities target participants with the following demographic and social characteristics as per Amalima Loko’s definition: a. Extremely poor or chronically vulnerable households b. Households with pregnant and lactating women and children under two c. Adolescents aged 15–19 d. Young adults aged 20–35 See Table 1 below for the distribution of participants by intervention purpose. Table 6. Annex D: Table 1. Amalima Loko participants by purpose1 Purpose Individual Participants Number of Households Agriculture 45,647 45,647 Maternal and Child Health 153,886 65,446 Water and Sanitation 14,200 14,200 Climate Adaptation 162,835 54,065 The total number of participants is greater than 188,302 as many individuals will participate in more than one intervention. The definition of the targeting strategy is based primarily on wealth, with provisions for age, life stage, and specific groups with limited resources, power, and agency. The decision to include pregnant and lactating women as RFSA participants is because evidence shows that gender-based violence and power imbalances are a matter of national concern in Zimbabwe. Therefore, including this target population will help prevent malnutrition for children under five, increase adoption of recommended nutrition and hygiene behaviors, and enhance women’s agency and empowerment. CNFA’s log-frame for Amalima Loko notes that a key outcome indicator is the share of individuals living under the US$1.90 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) poverty line. CNFA would like to see a decrease in the share of individuals living in poverty from 98% to 80%. A second key outcome indicator is the depth of poverty (i.e., how far individuals’ incomes are under the $1.90 poverty line). They would like to see an improvement from the current 68% depth of poverty down to 52%, which is equivalent to a change in daily income from approximately $0.61 per day to $0.90 per day, or approximately an extra $9 per month. 1 Assuming these households also overlap and do not sum to the total number of HH in the activity. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 160 Annex D: Research Protocol 2. STUDY DESIGN This project will provide evidence of the cost-effectiveness of the Amalima Loko activities, implemented by CNFA in Zimbabwe over the years 2021–2025. The evaluation will employ quasi-experimental (QE) methods, primarily propensity score matching. To estimate the impact, IPA will compare households in the intervention areas to households in the comparison areas. Since neither the classification of communities as intervention areas nor the assignments of households to sub-activities are randomized, the estimates from this evaluation are valid only under the assumption that controlling for the observable characteristics used as part of the empirical strategy correctly accounts for any differences between the intervention and comparison group that are not due to the activities. The empirical strategy will attempt to account for any other differences, but the assumptions above are not testable and thus any estimate from this evaluation will not be comparable in credibility to an evaluation based on random assignment. IPA plans to measure the impacts of Amalima Loko activities 12 months after baseline (outcome monitoring), which is approximately 6 months after the start of all major activities, and again 36 months after baseline (endline). However, this timeline is tentative and may be revised based on discussions with BHA. During outcome monitoring and endline data collection, IPA will measure impacts on the primary outcomes outlined below: a) consumption b) dietary diversity c) survey measures of food insecurity d) household wealth e) subjective well-being The evaluation will proceed in the following steps: Baseline IPA will conduct a baseline survey of 510 households in a random sample of 51 villages in the intervention areas only with a random sample of households in those villages. 2 The baseline survey focuses on measuring required BHA indicators and, in addition, basic household facts that help describe the sample and predict participation, such as basic demographics, sources of income, and poverty status. For the latter, IPA focuses on simple outcomes that are re-callable in hindsight. Specifically, IPA will collect the following measures: • Demographics: household roster with age, gender, level of completed education, and schooling status for each household member. • Land ownership: owns any land; total size of land owned. • Sources of income in the past year: household has [income source] as a source of income or food, based on a prompted list of income sources (farming, livestock, off-farm business, casual 2 See section 3 for more details about the baseline sampling strategy. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 161 work, salaried work, etc); household’s first, second, third most important sources of income or food. • Crops: planted [crop], for a list of common crops; had any sales of [crop] harvested in the most recent rainy season. Advanced inputs: Used any organic [input] in the last rainy season, separately for each of the following inputs: inorganic fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides, packaged seeds. • Livestock: Has owned [livestock] in the past year, for a list of common livestock types; has sold [livestock] in the past year. • Dry-season farming: any farming in the latest off-season. • Assets: owns any of [assets], for a list of common assets. The basic characteristics above will be combined with knowledge about intervention participation and the description of sub-intervention as they are implemented to understand what type of households get selected for Amalima Loko interventions. This knowledge will guide the sampling for follow-up surveys. Identification of comparison areas This step takes place shortly after the end of the baseline. IPA plans to select about 100 villages evenly split across “Phase 1” intervention areas and the to-be-identified comparison areas. The selection of comparison areas will mainly be based on the implementation partner’s (IP’s) information about which areas are comparable to the intervention areas, with an eye towards simulating which areas the IP would have gone to had they not gone to the current intervention areas. In addition, IPA aims to improve the selection of comparison areas by using geographic information and satellite data to select areas that match intervention areas based on a measure of “agricultural suitability,” using administrative geographic information, green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and proximity to water. Outcome monitoring data collection and analysis Outcome monitoring data collection will take place about six months after all major activities have started. IPA will focus data collection on measures of participation in the activities and intermediate outcome data that are movable among activities participants in the short time frame since the start of the activity. In addition, in order to compute propensity scores for matching, IPA will collect basic demographics and simple sources of income and poverty data, including variations of outcomes that recall information that matches the pre-intervention period. Specifically, IPA will ask: • Demographics – current and changes compared to March 2021, if any: household roster with age, gender, level of completed education, and schooling status for each household member and how this changed compared to March 2021. • Land ownership – current and changes compared to March 2021, if any: owns any land; total size of land owned and how this changed compared to March 2021. • Sources of income in 2021: household has [income source] as a source of income or food, based on a prompted list of income sources (farming, livestock, off-farm business, casual work, salaried work, etc.). • For both the most recent rainy season and the rainy season of 2020/2021 that was the subject of the baseline survey: IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 162 Annex D: Research Protocol o Crops: planted [crop], for a list of common crops; had any sales of [crop] harvested in the most recent rainy season. o Advanced inputs: Used any organic [input] in the last rainy season, separately for each of the following inputs: inorganic fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides, packaged seeds. • Dry season farming in the most recent dry season that the season that was the subject of the baseline survey: any farming in the latest off-season. • Livestock: Has owned [livestock] in 2021, for a list of common livestock types; has sold [livestock] in 2021. • Assets: current and changes compared to March 2021, if any: owns any of [assets], for a list of common assets. The sampling will use a random walk to visit a representative set of households and first administer a short ‘screener’ module. The screener module will be used to identify households that are likely participants in the activities (details will be determined in the coming months based on what IPA will learn about the specific implementation and selection details of the interventions). This sampling strategy, thus, will tend to oversample households that participate in the activities. The target sample size for the outcome monitoring data collection is 2,250, evenly split by intervention and comparison areas. IPA is targeting 2,250 households with the aim of selecting the two-thirds of households (1,500) that have the highest likelihood of participating in Amalima Loko activities, based on variables collected at the outcome monitoring stage. For the analysis, IPA will use propensity score matching based on the matching information described above. The goal is to produce groups of households in the intervention areas and those in the comparison areas that are similar on observed characteristics that are time-invariant and recalled pre￾activities characteristics. In addition, IPA aims to refine the analysis based on analysis from remote sensing data (see below), controlling for trends and setting community level weights. For the latter to be valid IPA needs to assume a mapping between remote sensing data trends and the survey outcome trends and use this mapping to adjust impact estimates. Potentially this mapping can be estimated based on existing secondary data. IPA proposes to collect data for matching purposes only at outcome monitoring—compared to baseline—for two reasons. First, given the complexity of the activities and uncertainty about the exact characteristics of participants and the nature of the activities, determining the sampling rules at a later point will allow IPA to better target the data collection towards likely activities’ participants, increasing statistical power to detect treatment effects (all else equal). Second, the resources from the smaller baseline can be used to maintain a larger sample size in later survey rounds. While contemporaneous data collection at baseline is preferred over recalled data for the matching information, IPA believes that the reduction in the quality of the matching procedure is acceptable given the advantages of this approach. IPA will revise this protocol with additional information before the launch of outcome monitoring. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 163 Endline data collection and analysis For the endline, IPA will track and re-interview a target sample size of 1,500 “high-propensity” households from the outcome monitoring round of surveying, evenly split by intervention and comparison areas.3 Since IPA has a large sample during outcome monitoring and will be able to compute propensity scores with this larger sample, IPA can focus the endline sample more closely on those “high propensity” households that are most likely to participate in one of Amalima Loko’s activities. Relative to the outcome monitoring, IPA expands the set of outcomes to collect to include downstream indicators and the set of required BHA indicators. For the analysis, IPA will rely on the outcome-monitoring￾recalled information used for the matching of intervention and comparison households. Remote sensing data analysis In addition to the analysis, IPA will attempt to use satellite outcome data such as night-light information for economic activity and Gross National Disposable Income (GNDI) for agricultural activity to estimate impacts using differences-in-difference and synthetic control approaches. The latter methodological approaches are feasible and reasonable with remote sensing data due to the availability of time series data without requiring additional primary data collection. 3. BASELINE SAMPLING STRATEGY CNFA is implementing the activities in two phases. IPA will conduct a baseline survey only in Phase 2 villages, and it will collect monitoring and endline data from both Phase 1 and Phase 2 villages. IPA received from CNFA the list of villages with the expected population size for phase 2—this is the sampling frame for the baseline. From this dataset, IPA will randomly select 51 villages and select 10 households per village to include in the baseline survey, leading to a total sample population for baseline equal to 510 households. The actual participating households will be selected randomly using the random walk technique. In this case, the starting point will be identified as a central location within the community. This could be a market, a church, a health facility, or the junction between two roads. After that, the following steps will be followed 1. The household nearest to the starting point should be the first to be included. 2. By spinning a bottle or flipping a coin the field worker will decide which direction to take (For reference and a detailed plan, see the field manual: IMPEL_Zim TALE_Field Manual_Baseline Amalima Loko). 3. Following a road and/or paths the field worker will identify the next households. The fieldworker will follow paths connecting to the main road to try and reach out even to those 3 At 80% power, for a test size of 5%, assuming an intra-class correlation of 5%, with 50 clusters in each sample and 15 households per cluster, calculated at a base proportion of 50%, the minimum detectable effect size for a comparison of proportions from two samples is 13.6 percentage points. This is lower than ---and the study thus well powered for-- an expected effect size of 18 percentage points that the implementer anticipates for the reduction in the poverty level. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 164 Annex D: Research Protocol houses away from the road (For reference and detailed plan see the field manual: IMPEL_Zim TALE_Field Monitoring Amalima Loko). The fieldworker will stop whenever the target number of households for the village has been reached. 4. PRE-ANALYSIS PLAN 4.1. Description of Core Study Outcomes Analysis of data collected in follow-up surveys will focus on the impacts of program activities on the following primary and secondary outcomes. 4.1.1. Primary Outcomes • Household monthly consumption per capita (with a sub-indicator of the number of people living under the US $1.90 PPP poverty line). • Dietary diversity. This will be measured as the WHO standard Household Dietary Diversity Score. • Women’s and children’s Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) • A survey-based measure of food insecurity Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) • Value of household non-land & non-housing net wealth. This outcome includes both productive and consumption assets, if owned, and the value of the stock of savings net of debt. • Subjective wellbeing: z-score index of Cantril Ladder of life satisfaction and Kessler-6 mental health score. 4.1.2. Secondary Outcomes • Participation in the various activities • Use of improved agricultural practices • Agricultural productivity • Marketing agricultural output in groups and through agro-dealers • Use of irrigation for farming • Participation in a Village Savings and Loans Association (VSLA) • Access and use of latrines • Access to clean water sources • Stock of savings • Stock of borrowing • Financial health • Health knowledge and sanitation practices. • Disease burden and mortality. Mortality is measured as whether an individual member of the household from baseline has died before endline, based on the household roster and fertility data. Disease burden is measured as the prevalence of fever, fever with diarrhea or vomiting, or coughing with blood at endline • Health-seeking behavior/preventative care. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 165 • Household productive assets. Note this is a subset of the primary outcome household non-land wealth. All outcomes for the study will be winsorized at the first and 99th percentiles, as appropriate. These primary and secondary outcomes may be expanded and revised depending on the results of the process evaluation and outcome monitoring. 4.2. Analytic Procedures IPA will use propensity score matching to compare outcomes measured at follow-up surveys between households in the intervention areas to those in the comparison areas. The matching approach compares the difference in weighted average outcomes at endline between treated and untreated households. The weights flexibly control for pre-intervention observables. In the first stage, IPA will estimate the propensity to select into the intervention, modeling the selection decision as 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 = 𝛾𝛾𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖 + 𝜇𝜇𝑖𝑖 for household 𝑖𝑖 in intervention areas (only), where 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 is an indicator for intervention participation, 𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖 is a vector of pre-intervention household characteristics (collected at outcome monitoring) that predict intervention participation. In the second step, IPA will predict 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 for everyone in the intervention and comparison areas – this prediction is the propensity score. Lastly, IPA will match intervention area households to comparison area households on the propensity score (potentially after first enforcing common support conditions). The matching estimator of the treatment effect 𝛿𝛿̂ takes the following form: 𝛿𝛿̂ = 1 𝑛𝑛1 ∑ [𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖 − ∑ 𝜔𝜔(𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗)𝑌𝑌𝑗𝑗] 𝑖𝑖∈(𝑇𝑇=1)∩𝑆𝑆𝑝𝑝 𝑗𝑗∈(𝑇𝑇=0) Where 𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖 are the outcomes at endline, and 𝜔𝜔(𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗) is a weighting function that is a function of the distance between the propensity scores of households i and j, 𝑆𝑆𝑝𝑝 is the set of households with common support. 4.3. Costing If the Amalima Loko (AL) intervention consists of N sub-ingredients indexed by j, the cost per sub￾ingredient is 𝑐𝑐𝑗𝑗 , and the fraction of the eligible sample receiving each ingredient is 𝜋𝜋𝑗𝑗, then the effective spending per eligible household through (AL) is 𝐶𝐶 = 𝐸𝐸�∑ 𝜋𝜋𝑗𝑗𝑐𝑐𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 � . For ingredients such as village-level information campaigns, 𝜋𝜋𝑗𝑗 = 1 by definition and IPA will not ask households about participation. For ingredients such as savings groups or care groups 𝜋𝜋𝑗𝑗 will be based on the (weighted) fraction of the eligible sample that reports receiving that ingredient. The benefit-cost ratio for a given outcome is then calculated as 𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶 where B is the treatment-on-treatment estimate obtained from the propensity score matching estimation. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 166 Annex D: Research Protocol APPENDIX 1: FIELD MANUAL See Annex C. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 167 APPENDIX 2: MONITORING PLAN Field Monitoring: Amalima Loko February2022 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 168 Annex D: Research Protocol ABOUT IMPEL The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award (IMPEL) works to improve the design and implementation of Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA)-funded resilience food security activities (RFSAs) through implementer-led evaluations and knowledge sharing. Funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) BHA, IMPEL will gather information and knowledge in order to measure performance of RFSAs, strengthen accountability, and improve guidance and policy. This information will help the food security community of practice and USAID to design projects and modify existing projects in ways that bolster performance, efficiency, and effectiveness. IMPEL is a seven-year activity (2019– 2026) implemented by Save the Children (lead), TANGO International, Tulane University, Causal Design, Innovations for Poverty Action, and International Food Policy Research Institute. RECOMMENDED CITATION IMPEL. (2022). Field Monitoring: Amalima Loko, DC: The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award. PHOTO CREDITS Save the Children DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning (IMPEL) award and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTACT INFORMATION IMPEL Associate Award c/o Save the Children 899 North Capitol Street NE, Suite #900 Washington, DC 20002 fsnnetwork.org/IMPEL IMPEL@savechildren.org Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 169 Acknowledgements This report was written by Daniele Barro (Innovations for Poverty Action Zambia). IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 170 Annex D: Research Protocol Acronyms (A)FM Assistant Field Manager FO Field Officers IE Impact Evaluation IPA Innovations for Poverty Action NDVA Normalized difference vegetation index PI Principal Investigator RC Research Coordinator RFSA Resilience Food Security Activities Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 171 Executive Summary This document summarizes the field monitoring plan for the Evaluation of Amalima Loko Resilience Food Security Activity in Zimbabwe. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 172 Annex D: Research Protocol 1. OVERVIEW This document contains the process model and ancillary information representing the Zim TALE Baseline Survey data collection processes. It describes the Q Partnership policies and procedures for planning, implementing, and assessing the effectiveness of the Quality System around the Zim TALE baseline survey data collection project. This document may not have considered every single possible event that may occur so as such, the Supervisor should contact the Project Office for assistance as required as outlined in the Communication Protocols. 2. ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL PROCESSES Fieldwork is composed of two groups of processes namely administrative and technical processes. Administration Technical ● Managing, Work Plan, Team, Protocols ● Sampling ● Accommodation ● QC Back checks and observations ● Progress Reports ● Uploading data ● Tracking Sheets & Cover Sheets ● Submitting transcripts ● Safe Keeping of equipment & vehicles ● Start of Day ● Vehicle log book ● Team welfare, health 3. TEAM COMPOSITION The table below shows a breakdown of team members. Name Designation Affiliation Lasse Brune, Craig McIntosh, Jessica Goldberg, Dean Karlan Principal Investigators IPA Caroline Trigg Research Director QPI TBD Research Coordinator IPA Dr. Canford Chiroro (PM) Maggie Magadza (PC) Project Manager/coordinator QPI Daniele Barro Senior Research Associate IPA Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 173 3.1. Principle Investigator The PI will provide overall direction of the baseline data collection activities and ensure that the team is meeting all the targets for the project. Lasse Brune is the reference PI for this project. 3.2. Research Coordinator (RC) and Research Associates/Senior RA (S/RA) The RC will work with S/RAs to implement field activities. S/RA is responsible for overseeing the implementation of field activities and data verification. The S/RA will oversee the implementation of field activities including training field officers, observing field activities, and provide data management support. The S/RA will be present in Zimbabwe during the period of data collection for a predetermined amount of time to oversee the initial part of the data collection activity. 3.1. Field Manager (FM) and Assistant Field Managers (AFMs) The FM and AFMs will provide field support by monitoring data collection conducted by the field teams. The FM and AFMs will accompany the teams to the field and ensure that the teams are following field protocols as set in the training manual. 3.2. Team Supervisors and Field Officers (FOs) Each district will have four teams comprised of a supervisor and five FOs. The teams are responsible for conducting interviews in the assigned villages and the supervisors will ensure that FOs are conducting the assigned interviews. There are two back checkers assigned to four teams and are responsible for interview verification. 4. FIELD ACTIVITIES AHEAD OF BASELINE 4.1. Seeking permission Field supervisors accompanied by Field Managers and under the supervision of IPA Senior Research associate and QPI Research Manager will travel to the study location few days in advance to the whole field team to seek permission from several authorities/community leaders in each district in advance of field work 4.2. Pilot After permissions received the field team under the supervision of field supervisors and field managers will conduct a two-day pilot to test the instruments and simulate real data collection activities. Field supervisors will coordinate the work as explained in section 6, updating senior staff on the results of field work for prompt action if needed. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 174 Annex D: Research Protocol 4.3. Listing exercise In the case of the Amalima Loko activity we will not have a list of eligible households to start from. Therefore, the selection of households and baseline will happen simultaneously without considering any eligibility criteria. This is because the Amalima Loko activity has a 100% saturation plan, intending to target the whole activity intervention areas. In order to proceed with the selection of households the field supervisor one arrived in the predetermined study location, together with a knowledgeable community member (generally the village head) will sketch out a basic schematic map of the village that shows the rough location of houses, rivers, roads, churches, public facilities like meeting halls, or any other significant landmarks as well as the outer boundaries of the village. It will be critical to draw a map with as many fixed structures or locations as possible (i.e. those structures that are likely to be permanent, as these will be used as our sampling starting points). Good examples of fixed structures or locations within the community might include village head homestead; borehole; church; school; cattle dip. Subsequently the field supervisor, will assign each fixed structure/location a sequential number starting with 1, this will be used to randomly select the sampling starting point(s) as described below. Figure 1 provides an example of a community map, in which the main access roads/paths have been drawn, along with the location of households, as well as the three fixed structures/locations that have been assigned a sequential number: Village head’s homestead (1); Borehole (2); and Church (3). Figure 1: Community Map Once the community map has been sketched the field supervisor will randomly select any of the sampling start point as indicated in the table below. Number of households Number of sampling points 1–50 1 Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 175 Number of households Number of sampling points 51–100 2 101–150 3 151–200 4 201–250 5 From the sampling starting point the supervisor will allocate fieldworkers to move in different directions through the community. The enumerators will move in different directions such that they are moving in equal segments in directions in which households are actually located within the community. Figure 2 provides an illustration of how the field supervisor will assign routes for fieldworkers, assuming that two sampling starting points have been selected: Village head (1) and Church (3). Before starting field work from the selected starting points, the field supervisor following the guidance received by IPA team will share the total number of households to be interviewed in the selected village and will assign of interviews to each fieldworkerofficer . To select the household for interviews the fieldworkers will count in intervals of five households (i.e., the first attempted interview is conducted at the 2nd household; the second attempted interview is conducted at the 4th household and so on). The fieldworker will stop doing with the interviews once he reaches the target number of interviews that were assigned by the field supervisor. The field team will administer the interview to the household only if the following to criteria will be satisfied • The respondent has to be above 18 years old • The respondent has to be Knowledgeable about of the household members A household should only be replaced under the following conditions: • The household refuses to be interviewed • The household is long-term unavailable • The household is unavailable upon the first visit and is still unavailable after a call-back. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 176 Annex D: Research Protocol 4.4. Monitoring activities for baseline It is standard practice to monitor data collection very closely to ascertain the collection of high-quality data. Below are summarized the monitoring activites that IPA will use as quality control standards. i. High Frequency Checks (HFCs) ● Field officers will upload all the interviews at the end of every day of data collection ● High frequency checks will be done daily after all the interviews have been uploaded onto the server ii. Checking Daily Targets/Quotas ● Daily verification of interviews done by FOs ● Following up on FOs with number of interviews below the mean and clarification on issues contributing to not meeting targets iii. Daily Feedback to the Field Teams ● Provide feedback to the teams and FOs based on observations from daily checks and HFC ● Highlighting questions that need more focus in the field ● Getting updates from supervisors on challenges faces on the previous day of fieldwork ● Following up on observation by backcheckers and clarifying specific questions with the teams and specific FOs iv. Weekly Meetings with Field Teams ● At 7:30 AM to 8:30 AM every Monday o Allocation of work to each field team for the week o Updating the teams about field progress and issues o Getting feedback on issues in the field and finding solutions v. Field Visits and Spot check by FMs ● Accompaniment of Field Teams during data collection ● Verification that FOs are correctly following field instructions ● Conducting random spot checks vi. Updates to the PI ● Daily update on fieldwork progress ● Weekly update every Friday Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 177 5. FIELD WORK (FW): NODE TREE 6. FIELD SUPERVISOR ACTIVITY LOG 6.1. Fw 1: Pre-Departure Logistics (pdl)–Swimlane Flowchart Purpose: The implied purpose of logistics is to ensure that the Supervisor receives all that is required in the field, everyone in the Team is available and that the vehicle is in good condition, so as to ensure accountability. Procedure: 1.01 Day prior to departure, the Supervisor receives field Pack and checks that everything is fine, signs off on the checklist (FP01). 1.02 The Supervisor receives Team cash, Allocation and supporting templates, checks cash and sign received on Cash Disbursement Sheet (CD01). Manage Field Work Pre￾departure Logistics PDL In-build Planning Start of Day Conduct Interviews End of Day Expenditure Tracking Supervisor Team Members Start 1.01 Receive Field Pack and Check all ok, sign-off on check list 1.02 Receive Team cash Alllocation and supporting templates,check cash and sign received 1.03 Receive vehicle, conduct vehicle checks and sign vehicle checklist 1.04 Call team members to confirm pick up point and time call Provincial/ District Contact Person 1.05 Depart for field work as scheduled End IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 178 Annex D: Research Protocol 1.03 The supervisor receives the vehicle, conduct vehicle checks and signs vehicle checklist. 1.04 The Supervisor calls team members to confirm pick up point and time call Provincial/ District Contact Person to inform E.T.A. 1.05 The Team Departs for field work as scheduled. End Frequency: Prior to Team Departure 6.2. FW 2: In-build Planning–Swimlane Flowchart Purpose: The purpose of this procedure is to ensure that all the Team Members are prepared to commence field work and all necessary protocols have been observed. Procedure: 2.01 On arrival, the Supervisor presents credentials to contact person, observing all protocols. 2.02 The Supervisor reviews the District Included with the District Officer (DEA/Administrator) for planning purposes. 2.03 The supervisor compiles Plan of Action and determines the first Sample Point guided by the route maps. 2.04 The Supervisor leads the Team to the first Sampling Point observing all Community Entry Protocol. 2.05 Team Members prepare to commence field work. End. Frequency: Whenever a Team arrives in the Province/District Team Members Supervisor District Education Officer Start 2.01 Present Credentials to Contact Person 2.02 Review the district Included 2.03 Compile Plan of Action and Determine first Sample Point. 2.04 Proceed first Sampling Point and Observe Commnity Entry Protocol 2.05 Prepare to commence field work End 2.05 Allocate work to individual Team Members,Determine Start Point Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 179 6.3. FW 3: Start of Day- Swimlane Flowchart Purpose: This process ensures that all the field materials are working correctly, and Team Members conduct interviews as Per Daily plan. Procedure: 3.01 The Supervisor hands out tablets, Backup Questionnaires and Daily Instructions to Team Members. 3.02 Team members check Tablets and ensure adequate backup Questionnaires and clarify Instructions. 3.03 Team Members conduct interviews as per Daily Plan (DP01). End. Frequency: Daily Supervisor Team Members Start 3.01 Hand out tablets and Backup Questionnaires and Daily Instructions to Team Members 3.02 Check Tablets and adequate backup Ques and Clarify Instruction 3.03 Conduct Interviews as per Daily Plan End IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 180 Annex D: Research Protocol 6.4. FW 4: Conduct Interviews – Swimlane Flowchart Purpose: The purpose is to ensure that the interviews have been completed. Procedure: 4.01 Team Members conduct Interviews as per Daily Plan. 4.02 The Team Member checks if the tablet all Ok or all Errors. If there is an Error proceed as in 4.04 or else proceed as in 4.03. 4.03 The Enumerator attempts to restart and reboot the tablet and locate the interview. 4.04 The Enumerator completes the interview and proceeds to the next interview. 4.05 Interview Located or not? If not, the Enumerator restarts the interview (or else use His/her own discretion in some cases), if yes continue with the Interview from the point last saved. 4.06 The Enumerator restarts the interview (or else uses His/her own discretion in some cases). 4.07 The Enumerator continues with the Interview from the point last saved. 4.08 The Supervisor conducts Quality Assurance Checks, Back Checks, and Sit-ins. End Frequency: Daily Team Members Supervisor 4.01 Conduct Interviews as per Daily Plan Start 4.02 Tablet all Ok or all Error(s) 4.03 Attempts to restart and reboot the tablet and locate the interview 4.05 Interview Located or not 4.06 Continue with the Interview from the point last saved 4.07 Re-start the Interview (carry-out some discretion) 4.04 Complete Interview and Proceed to the next Interview 4.07 Conduct Qualty Assurance Checks, Back Checks, Sit-ins No failure Tablet Failed/Error Not located Located End Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 181 6.5. FW 5: End of Day–Swimlane Flowchart Purpose: The purpose of this procedure is to ensure that all Teams return to the base and the Supervisor Debriefs the Team on the day. Procedure: 5.01 All Team Members return to base and hand back cover sheets to supervisor. 5.02 Supervisor checks that the cover sheets are completed correctly 5.03 The Supervisor completes the Tracking Sheets using information from the cover sheets 5.04 The Supervisor debriefs Team Members on the day. 5.05 The Supervisor checks if there are any manual transcripts. If there are no any transcripts the Team Member hands over the Tablet to the Supervisor or else the Team Member captures the manual interview transcript into a working Tablet. 5.06 The Enumerator captures the Interview transcript onto the working tablet. 5.07 Team Members hand over tablets to the Supervisor. 5.08 The Supervisor checks if all Tablets are all OK locate network point and uploads tablet data onto cloud. 5.09 The Supervisor backup files on flash drive. 5.10 The Supervisor charges the tablets overnight. End - Frequency: The end of each day Supervisor Team Members 5.02 Debrief Team Members on the Day Start 5.01 Return to Base and hand back Cover sheet to supervisor 5.03 Any Manual Transcript? 5.04 Capture the Interview transcript onto the working tablet Yes 5.05 Hand over Tablets to the Supervisor No 5.06 Check if all Tablets are all Ok, locate network point upload tablet data onto cloud 5.07 Charge the Tablets overnight End 5.05 Backup files on flash drive IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 182 Annex D: Research Protocol 6.6. FW 6: Expenditure Tracking– Swimlane Flowchart Purpose: The purpose is to show that every expense had been recorded in the Daily Expense Record Sheet and submitted to the Administrator. Procedure: 6.01 The Supervisor records on the Daily Expense Record Sheet whenever expense item is required and attaches the corresponding receipt to the expense form. Frequency: Daily 6.02 The Supervisor completes the Reconciliation Sheet using information on Daily Expense Record. Frequency: On return from fieldwork 6.03 The Supervisor submits Daily Expense Record, logbook, receipts and cash not utilised to the Administrator. Frequency: On return from fieldwork End Supervisor Start 6.01 Record on the Daily Expense Record Sheet whenever expense item is required 5.02 Complete Expense Recon Sheet using information on Daily Expense Record 5.03 Submit Daily Expense Record, Logbook, and Receipts to the Adminstrator End Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 183 APPENDIX 1: Baseline Accompaniment Sheet Household Location Respondent Accompaniment Comments Date District Village Name Cell No Sit-in-time Signatures 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 DISTRICT: …………………………………………………………… ENUMERATOR: …………………………………………………………………….. APPENDIX 2: RISK ASSESSMENT (Field Work) CRIME THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING House/office Intrusions General crime in and around main cities happens frequently. Crime in rural areas is less prevalent Interviewers are travelling frequently and are not likely to encounter these intrusions whilst on Target Research business. The office is locked and guarded in a secure compound Low IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 184 Annex D: Research Protocol CRIME THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING Check Point Hostility There are incidents with Traffic Police check points in particular. Interviewers are likely to encounter requests for bribes Interviewers are travelling frequently, but are usually in groups (teams), therefore they would not encounter this alone Interviewers will approach checkpoints slowly in a mild, calm manner to avoid raising any issues. Vehicles are compliant with Zimbabwe vehicle requirements and are equipped with the latest traffic regulations and spot fine schedule for reference. Interviewers are instructed not to give bribes or pay spot fines that are clearly fraudulent. Medium Car-jacking There is a low threat of vehicle theft in rural areas. Reports of car jacking incidents are mainly at traffic intersections and gates in cities and towns and mainly of luxury vehicles Road travel will be required Interviewers have been instructed to drive with doors locked and windows up to mitigate the threat of carjacking. Interviewers will be travelling in groups and have been instructed to drive on main routes and to park in guarded and/or supervised areas/car parks Low Petty Theft Petty theft is common in both urban and rural areas, particularly after dark Interviewers are travelling frequently, and will be working in both rural and urban areas where petty theft is common Interviewers have been instructed to avoid carrying with them any valuables and of displaying any signs of wealth, in particular after dark. They have been instructed to conceal valuables and not to leave them in unattended vehicles or in unlocked rooms Medium Violent Assault Low level threat Interviewers are travelling frequently, and will be working in both rural and urban areas Interviewers have been instructed to avoid carrying with them any valuables and of displaying any signs of wealth, in particular after dark. Low Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 185 CRIME THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING Rape Low level threat Unaccompanied travel will not be required to complete assigned duties Interviewers will be encouraged to always travel in pairs or groups in the same general area if doing interviewing, to keep in contact via mobile phone and have an agreed meeting place and time. Interviewers are not to work alone after dark. Working after dark should only take place in exceptional circumstances. Low Race/Religious Violence Very low-level threat N/A N/A Low Kidnapping Very low-level threat N/A N/A Low SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL Fire Hazard Fire control procedures in buildings are unlikely to exist or to be effective Interviewers will spend some time in buildings Interviewers will make themselves aware of fire exit paths in buildings. All vehicles are fitted with fire extinguishers (legal requirement) Low Building Safety Hazard Newer local buildings may not be structurally sound or safe but very low threat overall N/A N/A Low Natural Disasters During the rainy season from November through to March some roads may be impassable, and bridges washed away Interviewers will be travelling through the rainy season Interviewers will not attempt to crossroads or bridges washed out by the rains and will find alternative routes or will request a substitution sampling point. Low IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 186 Annex D: Research Protocol CRIME THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING Animals - domestic Main trunk roads, secondary roads and rural roads frequently have cows or goats crossing them or grazing on the verges Road travel is required Interviewers have been instructed to aware of the likelihood of encountering domestic animals on the road and to slow down and/or stop when they come across domestic animals and to avoid travelling after dark Medium SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL continued THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING Animals - wild Wild animals are found mainly in remote un￾peopled rural areas Travel to wild rural areas where wild animals are prevalent is unlikely to be required. Most are found in National Parks and conservancies Interviewers have been instructed to avoid areas with potentially dangerous wild animals and not to wade across rivers (crocodile and hippo threat) Low Road Traffic Collisions All roads are in poor condition, especially during the rainy season. People can bribe the authorities to buy driving licenses and motor vehicles are often not road worthy (i.e., no lights) Road travel is required Research teams will travel in vehicles that are well-maintained and serviced; follow safety procedures and the rules of the road. Safety belts must be worn at all times and the doors locked. Drivers are instructed to travel at no more than 100km per hour on main wide tarred roads and at slower speeds on smaller and rural roads. Passengers in the vehicle are given phone numbers of Q Partnership/Target Research managers to which they can report poor standards of driving. All drivers to have unendorsed licenses Medium Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 187 CRIME THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING Crowds There are limited risks of political demonstration, in Harare and Bulawayo in particular, which may lead to violence, especially around election time Interviewers may be required to travel and work in cities and towns where there are large crowds Interviewers have been instructed to plan to avoid any large gatherings and monitor local news for any disturbances Low Food Hygiene Standards of food hygiene are low in many areas Interviewers will be working in areas with low standards of food hygiene Interviewers will be familiar with the local areas where they are working and will be encouraged to use their best judgement when it comes to food hygiene, such as avoiding raw food, food that cannot be peeled, or foods that are uncovered and not in packaging Medium SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL continued THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING Water Purity Water quality is poor in both urban and rural areas Interviewers will be working in areas with low standards of water purity Interviewers will be familiar with the local areas where they are working and will be encouraged to use their best judgement as to the source of water, to boil water and to buy bottled water Medium Sanitation Sanitation facilities are generally poor, particularly in rural areas Interviewers will be working in areas with low standards of sanitation Interviewers will be familiar with the local areas where they are working and will be encouraged to use their best judgement, to carry soap and water with them as well as hand sanitiser Medium Pollution Air pollution does not pose a risk N/A N/A Low IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 188 Annex D: Research Protocol CRIME THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING MEDICAL Hospital Travel Time Medical facilities outside of main cities are limited and have limited medical resources. Hospital travel time is likely to be long from rural areas. Ambulances are in short supply Interviewers will be travelling frequently and will be released from duty should they require hospitalization Interviewers are advised to seek medical help for any medical problem early, reducing the need for urgent care. Teams have mobile phones with the contact details for emergency services and hospitals/clinics in the areas they will be travelling through and working in. Medium Quality of Hospital Care Medical facilities in smaller towns and rural areas are generally of a poor standard and poorly resourced Interviewers will be travelling frequently and will be released from duty should they require hospitalization and encouraged to go to the best hospital they can Interviewers are advised to seek medical help for any medical problem early and encouraged to seek the highest level of medical care they can. As they are freelance workers, they are encouraged to have their own medical aid/insurance plans. Target Research has death/disability insurance cover for all field work contractors in the event of an accident whilst working on a project Medium Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs including HIV/AIDS are prevalent in Zimbabwe Interviewers are aware of these diseases and could encounter them in their personal lives Interviewers are encouraged to use preventative measures to avoid disease transmission and to conduct themselves in a professional manner during their contract with Q Partnership/Target Research Medium MEDICAL continued THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 189 CRIME THREAT LEVEL of THREAT TASK RELATEDNESS MITIGATION RATING Diseases Numerous diseases are present, including Malaria, Cholera, Typhoid and respiratory conditions such as TB Interviewers are aware of these diseases and will encounter them in their work with the public Interviewers are encouraged to use preventative measure to avoid disease transmission Medium CIVIL UNREST, TERRORISM Riots, Civil Unrest There are regular reports of political violence around the country especially around election periods Interviewers may be required to travel in cities and towns where there are large demonstrations or civil unrest Interviewers will plan to avoid any large gatherings and also monitor local news for any signs of disturbance Medium Terrorism There are no recent reports of incidents of this activity N/A N/A Low IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 190 Annex D: Research Protocol APPENDIX 3: BASELINE SURVEY MANUAL Baseline Survey Manual: Amalima Loko April2022 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 191 ABOUT IMPEL The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award (IMPEL) works to improve the design and implementation of Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA)-funded resilience food security activities (RFSAs) through implementer-led evaluations and knowledge sharing. Funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) BHA, IMPEL will gather information and knowledge in order to measure performance of RFSAs, strengthen accountability, and improve guidance and policy. This information will help the food security community of practice and USAID to design projects and modify existing projects in ways that bolster performance, efficiency, and effectiveness. IMPEL is a seven-year activity (2019– 2026) implemented by Save the Children (lead), TANGO International, Tulane University, Causal Design, Innovations for Poverty Action, and International Food Policy Research Institute. RECOMMENDED CITATION IMPEL. (2022). Baseline Survey Manual: Amalima Loko, DC: The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award. PHOTO CREDITS Save the Children DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning (IMPEL) award and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTACT INFORMATION IMPEL Associate Award c/o Save the Children 899 North Capitol Street NE, Suite #900 Washington, DC 20002 fsnnetwork.org/IMPEL IMPEL@savechildren.org IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 192 Annex D: Research Protocol Acknowledgements This report was written by Daniele Barro (Innovations for Poverty Action Zambia). Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 193 Acronyms BHA Bureau of Humanitarian Assistance CAPI Computer Assisted Personal Interview CNFA Cultivating New Frontier in Agriculture FCS Food Consumption Scores FIES Food Insecurity Scores IMPEL Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award IP Implementing Partner IPA Innovations for Poverty Action MC Mother and Child PPI Product Price Index QP Q Partnership RFSA Resilience Food Security Activity USAID United State Agency for International Development WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 194 Annex D: Research Protocol Executive Summary This document summarizes the Evaluation of Amalima Loko Resilience and Food Security Activity in Zimbabwe. The intervention is implemented by CNFA and evaluated by Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA). The manual includes the following sections: • Introductions of the study • Project background • Sample characteristics • Research design • SurveyCTO • Module description • Survey questions Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 195 INTRODUCTION The US Agency for International Development’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (USAID BHA) has contracted CARE and Cultivating New Frontiers in Agriculture (CNFA) to provide five-year Resilience and Food Security Activities (RFSAs) in Zimbabwe called Takunda and Amalima Loko, respectively. Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) is a research organization specializing in the rigorous evaluation of international development programs. It will, with support from Save the Children, USAID-BHA’s prime, conduct the evaluation of the Amalima Loko activities to assess the overall impacts of the two activities. 1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT The goal of Amalima Loko is to sustainably improve food security through increased food access and sustainable watershed management among extremely poor and chronically vulnerable households and communities in Matabeleland North Province. The Amalima Loko activities are grouped into three purposes: 1) enhanced and inclusive local ownership over food security and resilience planning and development; 2) improved health and availability of soil, water, and plant resources within the watershed and their individual and collective capacities to withstand the most common shocks and stressors; and 3) improved human health and livelihoods. Amalima Loko’s activities will be rolled out in 87 wards across the participating districts, with the wards assigned to 21 watershed clusters of 3 - 5 wards each. Amalima Loko will generally be implemented in every village in the intervention area. The expectation is that individuals will self-select into the interventions which are most beneficial to them, as such, while all individuals are eligible, not everyone in each area is expected to participate. Table 1 below shows the intervention conceptual framework 1.1. Target Population CNFA’s activities targets participants with the following demographic and social characteristics as per Amalima Loko definition: • Extremely poor or chronically vulnerable households • Households with pregnant and lactating women and children under two • Adolescents aged 15–19 • Young adults aged 20–35 Table 1: Amalima Loko Participants by Purpose4 Purpose Individual Participants Number of Households Agriculture 45,647 45,647 Maternal and Child Health 153,886 65,446 4 Assuming these households also overlap and do not sum to the total number of HH in the program. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 196 Annex D: Research Protocol Purpose Individual Participants Number of Households Water and Sanitation 14,200 14,200 Climate Adaptation 162,835 54,065 The total number of participants is greater than 188,302 as many individuals will participate in more than one intervention. Definition of the targeting strategy is based primarily on wealth, with provisions for age, life stage, and specific groups with limited resources, power, and agency. The decision to include pregnant and lactating women as RFSA participants is because evidence shows that gender-based violence and power imbalances are a matter of national concern in Zimbabwe. Therefore, including this target population will help prevent malnutrition for children under five, increase adoption of recommended nutrition and hygiene behaviors, and enhance women’s agency and empowerment. CNFA’s log-frame for Amalima Loko notes that a key outcome indicator is the percentage of individuals living under the US$1.90 PPP poverty line. They would like to see an improvement from 98% of individuals living in poverty to 80%. A second key outcome indicator is the depth of poverty (i.e., how far individuals’ incomes are under the $1.90 poverty line). They would like to see an improvement from the current 68% depth of poverty down to 52%, which is equivalent to a change in daily income from approximately $0.61 per day to $0.90 per day, or approximately an extra $9 per month. 1.2. Research Design This project will provide evidence on the cost-effectiveness of the Amalima Loko activities, implemented by CNFA in Zimbabwe over the years 2021-2025. The evaluation will employ quasi-experimental (QE) methods, primarily propensity score matching. To estimate the impact, IPA will compare households in the intervention areas to households in comparison areas. Since neither the classification of communities as intervention areas nor the assignments of households to sub-activities is being randomized, the estimates from this evaluation are valid only under the assumption that controlling for the observable characteristics used as part of the empirical strategy correctly accounts for any differences between the intervention and comparison group that are not due to the activities. The empirical strategy will make an attempt to account for those non-activities differences, but the assumptions above are not testable and thus any estimate from this evaluation will not be comparable in credibility to an evaluation based on random assignment. Impacts of both activities will be measured 12 months after baseline (outcome monitoring)5 and 36 months after baseline (endline) on primary outcomes outlined below: a) consumption b) dietary diversity c) survey measures of food insecurity d) household wealth 5 IPA proposes to do the outcome monitoring about 6 months after the start of all major activities, which is currently estimate at 12 months after baseline. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 197 e) subjective well-being Baseline IPA will conduct a baseline survey of 510 households in a random sample of 51 villages in the intervention areas only with a random sample of households in those villages. The baseline survey focuses on measuring required BHA indicators and, in addition, basic household facts that help describe the sample and predict participation, such as basic demographics, sources of income, and poverty status. For the latter, IPA focuses on simple outcomes that are re-callable in hindsight. Specifically, IPA will collect the following measures: • Demographics: household roster with age, gender, level of completed education and schooling status for each household member • Land ownership: owns any land; total size of land owned • Sources of income in past year: household has [income source] as source of income or food, based on a prompted list of income sources (farming, livestock, off-farm business, casual work, salaried work, etc); household’s first, second, third most sources of income or food. • Crops: planted [crop], for a list of common crops; had any sales of [crop] harvested in most recent rainy season. Advanced inputs: Used any organic [input] in last rainy season, separately for each of the following inputs: inorganic fertilizer, herbicides, pesticides, packaged seeds • Livestock: Has owned [livestock] in past year, for a list of common livestock types; has sold [livestock] in past year • Dry-season farming: any farming in latest off-season • Assets: owns any of [assets], for a list of common assets The basic characteristics above will be combined with knowledge about activity participation and the description of sub-activities as they are implemented to understand what type of households get selected for Amalima Loko interventions. This knowledge will guide the sampling for follow-up surveys. 1.3. Baseline Sampling strategy CNFA is implementing the activities into two phases. IPA received from CNFA the list of villages with expected population size for phase 1 -- this is the sampling frame for the baseline. From this dataset, IPA will randomly select 51 villages and select 10 households per village to include in the baseline survey, leading to a total sample population for baseline equal to 510 households (see table below). IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 198 Annex D: Research Protocol Table 2: A summary of the proportionate stratification sample sizes6 District No. of wards No. of villages No. of HH per district Proportio n of Villages (# of villages in district / total # of villages) Sample villages per district Proportio n of HHs HH sample size per district HH sample size per village (rounded) Binga 19 51 16,267 0.20 16 0.31 160 10 Hwange 12 52 7,961 0.21 8 0.15 80 10 Lupane 27 56 9,346 0.22 9 0.18 90 10 Nkayi 30 60 10,080 0.24 10 0.19 100 10 Tsholotsho 5 28 7,904 0.11 8 0.15 80 10 Totals 93 247 51,558 51 510 The actual participating households will be selected randomly using the random walk technique. In this case the starting point will be identified as a central location within the community. This could be a market, a church, a health facility, or the junction between two roads. After that the following steps will be followed 1. The household nearest to the starting point should be the first to be included. 2. By spinning a bottle or flipping a coin the field worker will decide which direction to take (For reference and detailed plan see field manual: IMPEL_Zim TALE_Field Manual_Baseline Amalima Loko). 3. Following a road and/or paths the field worker will identify the next households. The field worker will follow paths connecting to the main road to try and reach out even to those houses away from the road (For reference and detailed plan see field manual: IMPEL_Zim TALE_Field Monitoring Amalima Loko). The field worker will stop whenever the number of households for the village has been reached. 6 The proportion of villages is not the same as proportion of households per district. This is because some districts have more villages but fewer households. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 199 2. SURVEYCTO SurveyCTO is a computerized data collection program designed for impact evaluation, academic research, project M&E, an mHealth application, or market research in field settings with no connectivity. This application is more compatible with android enabled devices. 2.1. How to use the tablet The tablets have a touch screen, which means that the only time you need to use a hardware button is when you want to switch it on from off-mode or sleep mode. This button is found on the top right-hand side. Hold the button down for a few seconds to switch on the device from off-mode. Press the button once to switch on the device from sleep mode. 2.2. Illustration on how surveyCTO operates: HOW TO GET A BLANK FORM? You click on surveyCTO application on your phone/tab. See diagram 1 below... Figure 1: Show how surveyCTO app appears in phone / tablet IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 200 Annex D: Research Protocol Figure 2: Takes you where you can ‘’GET BLANK FORM’’, after clicking ‘’GET BLANK FORM’’ all forms available will pop up for you to pick the one relevant 2.3. How to open a new form? Every time a new interview starts, a new form must be opened on the device. To open a new form on the device, tap ‘Fill Blank Form’. Wait while the device is loading. Sometimes more than one form might be available to you. Your Supervisor will inform you of which form you should use. It is your responsibility to ensure that you are filling in the correct form. Tap on the form and the survey will begin. This is the first screen of the survey. Always check that you are using the correct form. If you tapped on the wrong form go back and tap on the right form. 2.4. How to fill in a new form? Once the new form is opened, the survey can start. The questions will appear one after the other in the same order as in the paper survey. To go from one question to another, swipe from right to left. Most questions are required. This means that you cannot swipe to another question without providing an answer. If you try to do so, the text: ‘Sorry, this response is required’ will appear. Read the question that shows on the screen except if it explicitly says that it should not be read out loud (e.g. DO NOT READ or OBSERVE). Underneath each question there are answer options provided or space for entering the answer if the question does not have a pre-coded answer. Specific examples will be discussed in the sections to follow. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 201 Figure 3: Demonstrate where you need to go when want to start a new survey form 2.5. How to Change a Response? Once a question has been answered (i.e. a choice has been selected and the blue dot appears), it is possible to change the answer. You can do this in two ways depending on where you are in the survey. If you have not swiped to another question (i.e. moved to another screen) you can change the answer by tapping on the preferred choice instead. If you are able to select more than one answer (i.e. the question is of the type ‘select multiple’) you can reverse the selection by tapping once on the answer that was incorrectly chosen so the blue check disappears. If you have swiped to another question (i.e. moved to another screen) then go back to the specific question. To change a response, you hold your finger down on the response until the message ‘Edit Prompt’ appears with the text ‘remove response’. Tap ‘Remove response’. A new message will then appear with the text ‘Remove This Response?’ followed by a text specific to the question. Tap on ‘Remove response’ and the response will be deleted. You can now enter a new response. It is very important that you remove the response this way. If you simply change the response, you might change some skip patterns and the survey could become useless. REMEMBER: if you go back to a previous question to change a response, ALWAYS remove the old response completely before entering a new one. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 202 Annex D: Research Protocol Figure 4: Demonstrate first step of removing a response Figure 5: Demonstrating how to remove a response Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 203 Figure 6: Displaying what happens when you have removed response 2.6. Saving and Editing a Partly Filled Form The survey should always be saved when: • A section is completed • The interview is paused temporarily • The interview is stopped • To save the form, tap the floppy disk icon in the top right of the screen. If you are stopping the survey, save the form and note the date and time on your survey tracking log sheet, as well as the device number on which the survey is being done. You will need this information to find the form again. • You can also save a form by tapping the ‘back’ button. Press save if you wish to save the form and exit. Press Cancel if you hit the back button by mistake and you did not want to exit the survey. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 204 Annex D: Research Protocol Figure 7: Show how to save a form during the time of interview and whenever interview is finalized 2.7. How to finalize and save the form After answering the last question in a form, you must ‘finalize’ the form, so that it can no longer be edited, and is ready to be sent. You do this by ticking ‘Mark form as finalized’. If you do not mark the form as finalized, it will be saved in the Edit Saved Form menu, for future editing. All forms must be finalized by the end of the day, before you hand in your device. After ticking, ‘Mark form as finalized’, tap ‘Save Form and Exit’. See the diagram below. Remember to start a new form for the next interview Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 205 Figure 8: Demonstrate how we finalize a completed form 3. SURVEY MODULES DESCRIPTION Table 3: Survey modules MODULE LABEL ELIGIBLE HOUSEHOLD MEMBER TO BE INTERVIEWED Screener In this module we will interview the Household Head or any Knowledgeable person within the Household. Consent Contact Roster MODULE D: Children Nutritional Status & Feeding Practices Each caregiver identified in the roster who has child below 6 MODULE E: Women’s Health, Nutritional Status, Dietary Diversity and Family Planning Each woman aged between 18 and 49 years’ old Within the household MODULE J: Gender (Cash) Each hh member who is working, earning cash, and is in a relation WOMEN EMPOWERMENT In this module you are going to interview every women who is in a relationship (married or living together) MODULE H: Household Sources of Income In this module we will interview the Household Head or any Knowledgeable person within the Household. MODULE C: Household Food Access Person in charge of food preparation. This person must also be identified within the household, this is the person who makes decision of what food items should the household buy, what to eat on a specific day and quantities IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 206 Annex D: Research Protocol MODULE LABEL ELIGIBLE HOUSEHOLD MEMBER TO BE INTERVIEWED ASSET OWNERSHIP In these modules we will interview the Household Head or any Knowledgeable person within the Household. Consumption (ppi) LIVESTOCK FINANCIAL HEALTH BASIC FARMING AGRICULTURE In this module you are going to interview every farmer in the households SAVINGS INFORMATIO In these modules we will interview the Household Head or any Knowledgeable person within the Household. LOAN MENTAL HEALTH SELF-CONTROL Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Resilience Gender Access to Credit and Group Participation This module is desired to be asked to a household in union This is a household of two people living together as husband and wife Housing Quality In this module we will interview the Household Head or any Knowledgeable person within the Household. Module Screener For us to have quality data we would want to interview the right HH with certain characteristics like if there is a child less than 2 years, it there is a pregnant woman in HH Module Consent After screening the survey will guild who to be interviewed in the HH after identifying the right person in the HH to take the survey the consent will be read for them to have a better understanding of the study. The consent will include introduction of the enumerator, purpose of the study, procedure and duration of the study/survey, risks and discomforts, confidentiality, benefits/compensation, voluntariness to participate, contact details for respondents if at any time they have questions to the research team finally you will also notify respondents where funding is coming from. You will get a legal permission that we always seek prior administering your survey respondents have the liberty to decline the interview for that particular time all for the entire study. You will also seek permission to take GPS coordinates for the household, let the respondent give a separate consent on this. They can agree to take the survey but refuse to give consent for location You will also need to seek permission to do a recording of the interview if need be. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 207 We should be always clearer whether the respondent is not willing to take the survey that moment or permanently. Module CONTACT You will be required to confirm previous contact details, or collect new ones. Contacts are very useful for follow up or getting other important information i.e. phone back checking and callbacks Module Household Roster In this module, please make sure to start recording in the household roster the current respondent first. In the second position the household head if she/he is not the respondent and then all the other members. Module D: Children’s Nutritional Status & Feeding Practices This will be asked to only households with children below two years. If the household has more than one child who is below 2 years, we shall automatically randomize and ask questions for only one child. These questions will be asked to a caregiver who knows more about the child. 1. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under six months. 2. Percent of children 6–23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet (MAD). 3. Prevalence of children 6–23 months consuming a diet of minimum diversity (MDD-C). 4. Percent of children under five (0-59 months) who had diarrhea in the prior two weeks. 5. Percent of children under five (0-59 months) with diarrhea treated with Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT). 6. Prevalence of wasted children under five (0-59 months) BL 4. Prevalence of stunted children under five (0-59 months) BL 5. 7. Prevalence of healthy weight among children under five (0-59 months) Module E. Women’s Health, Nutritional Status, Dietary Diversity & Family Planning 1. Percent of women of reproductive age consuming a diet of minimum diversity (MDD-W). 2. Percent of births receiving at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits during pregnancy. 3. Percent of women in a union who have knowledge of modern family planning methods that can be used to delay or avoid pregnancy. 4. Percent of women in a union who made decisions to use modern family planning in the past 12 months’ methods. 5. Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR). 6. Prevalence of underweight women of reproductive age IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 208 Annex D: Research Protocol Module J. Gender (Cash) 1. Percent of women and men in a union who earned cash in the past 12 months. 2. Percent of women in a union and earning cash who report participation in decisions about the use of self-earned cash. 3. Percent of women in a union and earning cash who report participation in decisions about the use of spouse/partner’s self-earned cash. 4. Percent of men in a union and earning cash who report spouse/partner participation in decisions about the use of self-earned cash Women Empowerment This module seeks to know if women are able to make some critical decisions of the HH without men interring. Module H: Household Sources of Income This module aims at understanding the sources of income/food of the household. It asks all sources of revenue collection at household level. Module C: Household Food Access Dietary Diversity This section defines a number of different or food groups consumed by the HH over a defined time period Food Consumption Scores The Food Consumption Score (FCS) is a more complex indicator of a household's food security status, as it considers not only dietary diversity and food frequency but also the relative nutritional importance of different food groups (on the other hand, its use of relatively long, 7 days’ recall period, might make the data less precise) Percent of households with poor, borderline, and acceptable food consumption score (FCS). Food Insecurity Scores (FIES) Prevalence of moderate and severe food insecurity in the household, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 209 Module 3: Asset Ownership We are interested in knowing the productive assets that the household owns. We will ask about assets like land, livestock, farm assets and durable goods. These assets should be in a good working condition. Do not record any assets that are not functioning. Module 4: Consumption We are interested in understanding the different foods that the respondents and other household members consumed over a specified time period (7 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months). We will ask about different types of eaten both communally and separately by household members Module 5: Livestock This sub module is asking about the type of livestock respondents own, number and whether they have sold some of the livestock Module 6: Financial Health This will be an imaginary situation asked to respondents. We are interested in knowing whether respondents are able to cover their expenses. Module 7: Basic Farming This module seeks to understand the very basic farming practices and farming land that the household owns. Module G: Agriculture This module includes questions on land map, plot area, crop yield and livestock • Percent of farmers who used financial services (savings, agricultural credit, and/or agricultural insurance) in the past 12 months. • Percent of farmers who practiced the value chain interventions promoted by the activity in the past 12 months. Percent of producers who have applied targeted improved management practices or technologies. Yield of targeted agricultural commodities within target areas Module 8: Savings Information This module tries to understand places where all members of your HH keep money for safekeeping Module 9: Loan & Savings This module is aimed at understanding all the places where respondents and other household members keep their money. We shall also ask the respondents to tell us if they have taken loans or not. Note, this is one of the modules that requires a lot of probing IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 210 Annex D: Research Protocol Module 10: Perceived Economic Ladder This module outlines question that checks how individuals are satisfied with their economic stand in the society individually as well as with others in the same community. This is done by providing them with statement that are in order of a ladder with the lowest figure =0 means not satisfied at all and =10 very satisfied Module 11: Mental Health Understand one's emotions and the reactions of others. Mental health is a state of balance, both within and with the environment. Module 12: Self-Control Series of these questions asks participants if they are agree/disagree some statements that really reflect who they are when it comes to control their actions, motives and will power. Module F: Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene This module seeks to ask more on accessibility of water, sanitation and Hygiene. Basically whether the HH has access to portable water, toilet facility and clean environment Module R: Resilience This module seeks to know how particular household deal with kinds of shocks and what coping mechanism is applied to neutralize those shocks. In this sections there are several shocks from natural disasters to economic shocks 1. R1: shocks exposure index- is asking if the HH met any kind of shock in the past 12 months 2. Climatic shock- these are natural disasters that are caused by climate i.e excessive rains, flooding, hail storms, landslides 3. Biological shocks- these are shocks caused by parasites, weeds, diseases, pandemics, outbreaks 4. Conflict shocks- Things like theft of assets, land conflict, water conflict or gender based violence 5. Economic shocks- delay in food assistance, increase in price of essential commodities, unemployment, death or long-term illness of HH member or non-functional boreholes 6. R7: Access to information- Getting information on early warning for natural hazards (flooding, hail and landslides) 7. R9: COLLECTIVE ACTION- this section captures information whether any member of the HH collectively joined other making sure that they render help or support to others or making sure that their community has benefitted. 8. R10: Livelihood Activities- Understanding HH means of food and income over a specified period Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 211 9. R13: Social and Capacity building support- Understanding of social help web if members within/out the community seek for one another’s help in times of unforeseeable challenges and difficult times 10. Linking Social Capital this is another section of social and capacity building checking whether HH individuals know some officers in both public and private sector 11. Whether HH members have ever received any form of training or literacy 12. R14: Aspirations and Confidence to adapt- If respondents have confidence in themselves when it comes to adapt some life situations. In this section there are series of statements that the respondents will need to agree on 13. R15: GOVERNMENT SUPPORT- this sub module wants to know if there are any government/NGO programs within their community to help masses. It also asks about security, land and any emergency that the community faces and look for assistance 14. R16: GENDER NORMS- the goal of this section is to see whether men and women (husbands and wives do things together) or sharing responsibility at household or community level 15. R30: ACCESS TO MARKETS, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES- In this module we are asking about whether they have access to other services within their community or 5km from where they live. The following are key services 16. Money lending institutions (banks, VSLAs, MFI, 17. Primary school 18. Health service facilities 19. Agriculture extension services 20. Veterinary services 21. Electricity grid 22. Mobile phone services 23. Public transport services 24. Tarmac road accessibility Module K: Gender Access to Credit and Group Participation In this section we will ask question about HH (partner’s) experience with borrowing money or other items in the past 12 months 1. Percent of women/men in a union with access to credit. 2. Percent of women/men in a union who make decisions about credit. 3. Percent of women/men in a union who are members of a community group Module 13: Housing Quality 4. In this module we want to know the quality of their dwelling unit 5. Materials used to build the house 6. Type of roofing 7. How spacious is the house? 8. Whether the house has access to electricity IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 212 Annex D: Research Protocol List of Important Terms in the Survey Table 4: Listing and Description of important terms in this survey Terms Description Integer These are the questions that will require responses in numerical figures i.e 8, 20, 45, 2000. These are the types of question mainly that asks age, amount of money, number of people in HH Select one These are the type of questions that you will require to only select one response out of many choices provided Select one yes/no Require to select only one option between Yes or No Select multiple The type of questions where multiple answers are needed. For example, how many calendar months did you do farming on your plot? Respondent can give more than one month to answer this question (January, February, and May) Text/note answer These are types of questions that will require typing the answer. You have to type the answer in its entirely in order not to miss anything that respondent is saying GPS Programing of the survey will allow you in some instances to collect gps which is the exact location where the household is located i Unique ID This is a special Identification number assigned to every household 4. SURVEY QUESTIONS Module HH Found Today's Date and time [Enum] please introduce yourself to the respondent. Hello, my name is[Enum]. I am a researcher working with Innovations for Poverty Action, a non￾profit organization dedicated to finding innovative solutions to development issues in various countries. I am looking for ${resp_name} or any of his household members. FO: Did you find the target respondent or someone knowledgeable about this household's members? 1 Yes 0 No The goal is to get the targeted respondent or anybody within the hh who knows more about the hh Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 213 Module J: Gender (Cash) In this module there are 3 types of choice list answer: select yes or no, select one option yes, select multiple, no refused to answer Don’t know: you only need to select one choice out of the given for example male or female Question Is [working_in_relation_name] available to respond the following questions? 1 Yes 0 No G1. Have you done any work in the past 12 months? G2. During the past 12 months, were you usually paid in cash or kind for this work or were you not paid at all? G3. When you were paid in cash for this work, was the payment usually made directly to you, to your spouse/partner or to someone else in your household? G3a. Specify the relationship of the person that usually receives the payment Use the relationship list from the above section ‘HH20’ G4. Do you usually discuss with someone about how the cash you earn will be used? G5. With whom do you usually talk about how the cash you earn will be used? In this question select anyone else whom they do talk about how to spend the money 1 spouse/partner 2 somone else in household (specify) -666 Other (specify) G5a. Specify relationship of person whom you usually discuss with Use the relationship list from the above section ‘HH20’ G6. Who usually decides how the cash you earn will be used? G6a. Specify relationship of person whom you usually decides how the cash you earn will be used G7. Who usually makes decisions about making major household purchases? G7a. Specify relationship of person who makes decisions about making major household purchases Use the relationship list from the above section ‘HH20’ G8. Has your spouse/partner done any work in the last 12 months? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 214 Annex D: Research Protocol Question Is [working_in_relation_name] available to respond the following questions? 1 Yes 0 No G9. During the last 12 months, was he usually paid in cash or kind for this work or was he not paid at all? G10. Who usually decides how the cash he earns will be used? G10a. Specify relationship of person who usually decides how the cash he earns will be used Use the relationship list from the above section ‘HH20’ Module 1: Women Empowerment In this module there are 2 types of choice list answer: select yes or no, select one option you only need to select one choice out of the given for example male or female Question Is [Household_union_name] available to respond to the following questions? 1 Yes 0 No Check if houshehold person is available for the interview FE1. When a bigger purchase is made by the household, is your partner's opinion listened to in the decision of what to buy? 5 Yes, always 4 Yes, usually 3 Yes, sometimes 2 Rarely 1 Very rarely 0 Never -555 Not applicable -999 Don't know -888 Refused to answer FE2. Does your partner have to ask the permission of other household members to buy: Clothing for hersel FE3. Is your partner allowed to buy things in the market without asking your permission? FE4. Is your partner permitted to visit women in other villages to talk with them? Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 215 Question Is [Household_union_name] available to respond to the following questions? 1 Yes 0 No 0 Never 1 Yes, but never alone 2 Yes, alone, with permission 3 Yes, alone, do not need permission -555 Not applicable -999 Refused to answer Module H: Household Sources of Income In this module there are 3 types of choice list answers: select yes or no, text answer: that requires you to type the answer, select one option: you only need to select one choice out of the given for example male or female, and select multiple choices to answer: You can select more than one choice to answer the question. For example, selecting all sources of food or income Now I would like to ask you about your household's sources of income HSI1. What were the sources of your household’s food or income over the last 12 months? 1 Farming/crop production and sales 2 Livestock production/fattening and sales 3 Agricultural wage labor 4 Non-agricultural wage labor 5 Salaried work 6 Sale of wild/bush products (including charcoal, firewood) 7 Pension 8 Other self-employment/own business (agricultural, e.g., buying/reselling chat) 9 Other self-employment/own business (non-agricultural, e.g., stone cutting, hair braiding, etc) 10 Rental of land, house, rooms 11 Remittances 12 Gifts/inheritance 13 Safety net food/cash assistance 14 Artisanal mining/quarrying 15 Fishing -666 Other (specify) 0 None HSI1a. Specify HSI2. Which of these was the most important for your household over the past 12 months? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 216 Annex D: Research Protocol Now I would like to ask you about your household's sources of income HSI2a. Specify HSI3. Which of these was the second most important for your household over the past 12 months? HSI3a. Specify HSI4. What was the most important source of your household's cash income over the last 12 months? HSI4a. Specify Was [Resp_mod_2_details] the household member who responded to the survey? Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 217 Module C: Food Access (Food Consumption Score, Food Insecurity Scales, Dietary Diversity) In this module there are 3 types of choice list answers: select yes or no, text answer: that requires you to type the answer, select one option: you only need to select one choice out of the given for example male or female, and select multiple choices to answer: You can select more than one choice to answer the question. For example, selecting all sources of food or income Question DIETARY DIVERSITY: In this section all the questions want to understand nutrient adequacy these are basic needs in terms of access to micro/macro nutrients NOTE: THE YES/NO CHOICES BELOW ARE APPLICABLE FOR ALL DIETARY DIVERSITY QUESTIONS 1 Yes 0 No Were any cereals consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any white roots and tubers consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any vitamin a rich vegetables and tubers consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any dark green leafy vegetables consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any other vegetables consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any vitamin a rich fruits consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any other fruits consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any organ meat consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any flesh meats consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any eggs consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any fish and seafood consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any legumes, nuts and seeds consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any milk and milk products consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any oils and fats consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any sweets consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Were any spices, condiments, beverages consumed yesterday by anyone in your household? Did you or anyone in your household eat anything (meal or snack) OUTSIDE the home yesterday? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 218 Annex D: Research Protocol Question DIETARY DIVERSITY: In this section all the questions want to understand nutrient adequacy these are basic needs in terms of access to micro/macro nutrients NOTE: THE YES/NO CHOICES BELOW ARE APPLICABLE FOR ALL DIETARY DIVERSITY QUESTIONS 1 Yes 0 No FOOD CONSUMPTION SCORE: The following questions seeks to find out Household consumption frequency for nutritious food items IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. Invite [Householdmem_food_responsible] to respond to the household food access module Over the past one week (7 days), how many days did members of your household eat the following food items, prepared and/or consumed at home?' Any [insert any local foods made from grains] bread, rice, noodles, biscuits, or other foods made from millet, sorghum, maize, rice, wheat or [insert any other locally available grain]? Any potatoes, yams, manioc, cassava, or any other foods made from roots or tubers? Any vegetables? Any fruits? Any beef, pork, lamb, goat, rabbit, wild game, chicken, duck, or other birds, liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats? Any eggs? Any fresh or dried fish or shellfish? Any foods made from beans, peas, lentils, or nuts? Any cheese, yogurt, milk, or other milk products? Any foods made with oil, fat, or butter? Any sugar or honey? Any other foods, such as condiments, coffee or tea? FOOD INSECURITY SCALE: READ EACH QUESTION AS WRITTEN. In these set questions we would want to understand the Household’s food security which is measured in a period of 12 months to see if the household had enough food for everyone Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 219 Question DIETARY DIVERSITY: In this section all the questions want to understand nutrient adequacy these are basic needs in terms of access to micro/macro nutrients NOTE: THE YES/NO CHOICES BELOW ARE APPLICABLE FOR ALL DIETARY DIVERSITY QUESTIONS 1 Yes 0 No Now I would like to ask you some questions about your food consumption during the last 12 MONTHS. NOTE: THE CHOICES BELOW ARE APPLICABLE FOR ALL FOOD INSECURITY QUESTIONS 1 Yes 0 No -888 Refused to answer -999 Don't know Food Consumption Past 12 Months FIES1. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household were worried you would not have enough food to eat because of a lack of money or other resources? FIES2. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household were unable to eat healthy and nutritious food because of a lack of money or other resources? FIES3. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household ate only a few kinds of foods because of a lack of money or other resources? FIES4. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household had to skip a meal because there was not enough money or other resources to get food? FIES5. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household ate less than you thought you should because of a lack of money or other resources? FIES6. During the past 12 months, was there a time when your household did not have food because of a lack of money or other resources? FIES7. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household were hungry but did not eat because there was not enough money or other resources for food? FIES8. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household went without eating for a whole day because of a lack of money or other resources? Module 3: ASSET OWNERSHIP IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 220 Annex D: Research Protocol In this module there are 5 types of choice list answers: select yes or no, text answer: that requires you to type the answer mostly when the answer is not on the provided list, select one option: you only need to select one choice out of the given for example Zimbabwe dollar or USD, and select multiple choices to answer: You can select more than one choice to answer the question. For example, selecting all agricultural equipment members of Household own Question A01. Do you or does someone in your household own one of these items? The instruments have a set of assets and the FO will have to select all the assets mentioned by the respondent A02. How many [asset_name] does your household own at present? A03. If you were to sell all the [Asset_number] [Asset_name] you own in its/their current condition, how much do you think you would get for it/them? Enter amount in figure ________________________ Which currency did you refer to when responding to the previous question? 1 Zimbabwe dollars 2 US dollars Now, we are going to talk about livestock structure. A04.Do you or your household members have one of these livestock structures? For this question multiple answers are allowed; if respondent gives more than one answer. You will need to select all that has been mentioned 1 Bird Pen/Coop 2 Goat house/goat pen 3 Pigsty/pigpen 4 Cow house/corral -666 Other asset 0 None -888 (Prefer not to answer) A04a. Specify other: Specify _____________________ if the answer given is not on the list above Was [resp_mod_3_details] the household member who responded to the survey? Yes/no Module 4: Consumption (ppi) In this module there are 5 types of choice list answers: select yes or no, text answer: that requires you to type the answer mostly when the answer is not on the provided list, select one option: you only need to Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 221 select one choice out of the given for example Zimbabwe dollar or USD, and select multiple choices to answer: You can select more than one choice to answer the question. For example, selecting all agricultural equipment members of Household own Question In this module we are going to ask if member of Household ever consumed food items there are specifically made for immediate consumptions, foods that are consumed right after purchase or sometime are re-cooked for other reasons, we will ask the quantity, units and estimated amount of purchase PPI1. Over the past one week (7 days), did you or others in your household consume any …? INCLUDE FOOD BOTH EATEN COMMUNALLY IN THE HOUSEHOLD AND THAT EATEN SEPARATELY BY INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS. 1 Bread and cereals 2 Meat 3 Fish 4 Milk, cheese and eggs 5 Oils and fats 6 Fresh fruits 7 Tinned fruits (specify) 8 Dried fruits (specify) 9 Fresh Vegetables 10 Tinned vegetables (Specify) 11 Dried vegetables 12 Frozen vegetables (specify) 13 Nuts 14 Potatoes, manioc and other tubers 15 Sugar and sweets 16 Coffee, tea, etc 17 Other foods incl. preserves & confectionery 18 Take–away cooked foods 19 Sit down meals 20 Beverages 21 Tobacco 0 None Please specify tinned fruits Please specify dried fruits Please specify tinned vegetables IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 222 Annex D: Research Protocol Question Please specify frozen vegetables Specify _____________________ if the answer given is not on the list above PPI1. Over the past one week (7 days), did you or others in your household consume any of the following [item_label_main]? Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 223 Question INCLUDE FOOD BOTH EATEN COMMUNALLY IN THE HOUSEHOLD AND THAT EATEN SEPARATELY BY INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS. Other, specify Specify _____________________ if the answer given is not on the list above PPI2. How much in total did your household consume in the past week? [item_label_sub] PPI2a.Quantity of [item_label_sub] Enter quantity amount __________________ PPI2b. Unit of [item_label_sub] Select the unit for the amount of quantity below for answer on PPI2a IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 224 Annex D: Research Protocol Question PPI3. How much would this amount cost if purchased? [item_label_sub] Enter the amount assuming items were purchased _____________________ Which currency did you refer to when responding to the previous question? 1 Zimbabwe dollars 2 US dollars PPI2. How much in total did your household consume in the past week? [item_label_sub] PPI2c. Please specify other unit of [item_label_sub] Has anyone in the household purchased any (item) for consumption in the past 1 month? 1 Only Fuel (paraffin, charcoal, and firewood) 2 Transport 3 Communication (such as airtime) 4 Tariffs on mobile money transfers 0 No one PPI2. How much in total did your household consume in the past month? [item_label_durable1] PPI2a. Quantity of [item_label_durable1] PPI2b. Unit of [item_label_durable1] 1 Liters 2 Minutes Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 225 Question 3 Bundles 4 Pieces PPI3. How much would this amount cost if purchased? [item_label_durable1] Which currency did you refer to when responding to the previous question? Has anyone in the household purchased any (item) for consumption in the past 6 month? 1 Clothing for men 2 Clothing for ladies 3 Clothing for children 4 footwear 5 Household textiles and furnishing 6 Household utensils 7 Household operations, such as matches and soap 8 Medical care 9 Entertainment 10 Education 0 No one PPI2. How much in total did your household consume in the past three months? [item_label_durable3] PPI2a. Quantity of ${item_label_durable3] PPI6. How much would this amount cost if purchased? [item_label_durable3] Which currency did you refer to when responding to the previous question? 1 Zimbabwe dollars 2 US dollars PPI2. How much in total did your household consume in the past six months? [item_label_durable6] PPI2a.Quantity of [item_label_durable6] Which currency did you refer to when responding to the previous question? 1 Zimbabwe dollars 2 US dollars Has anyone in the household spent money on any of the following in the past 12 months? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 226 Annex D: Research Protocol Question For this question multiple answers are allowed; if respondent gives more than one answer. You will need to select all that has been mentioned examples; funerals, festivals or home improvements PPI2. How much in total did your household consume in the past 12 months? [item_label_durable12] Enter the amount in figures _____________________ PPI2a.Quantity of [item_label_durable12] Enter the quantity _____________________ PPI12. How much would this amount cost if purchased? [item_label_durable12] Which currency did you refer to when responding to the previous question? Was [resp_mod_4_details] the household member who responded to the survey? Module 5: Livestock In this module there are 5 types of choice list answers: select yes or no, text answer: that requires you to type the answer mostly when the answer is not on the provided list, select one option: you only need to select one choice out of the given for example Zimbabwe dollar or USD, and select multiple choices to answer: You can select more than one choice to answer the question. For example, selecting all agricultural equipment members of Household own Question L1. Have you owned any livestock in the past 12 months? 1 Yes 0 No L2. Which livestocks do you currently own? For this question multiple answers are allowed; if respondent gives more than one answer. You will need to select all that has been mentioned examples; oxen, cattle or goats 1 Oxen 2 Cattle 3 Goats 4 Sheep 5 Donkey/mule 6 Poultry Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 227 Question -666 Other (specify) L2a. Specify L3. How many [livestock_name] do you currently own? Enter the figure__________________________ L4. Have you sold any [livestock_name] in the past three months? Yes/no In the past year, did you use any (vaccinations, feed, medicines) on [Livestock_name]? Yes/no In the past year, did you buy any (vaccinations, feed, medicines) for [Livestock_name]? Yes/no What was the source of this (vaccination) purchase for [Livestock_name}? 1 Government outlet/extension services. 2 Cooperative 3 Commercial provider -666 Other, specify. Please specify How many breeding [Livestock_name] in the herd do you have? How many [Livestock_name] were born over the last 12 months from the mother? Was [Resp_mod_5_details] the household member who responded to the survey? Yes/no Module 6: Financial Health In this module there are 2 types of choice list answers: select yes or no, select one option: you only need to select one choice out of the given for example savings, lender or selling assets. Question FH1. Now, imagine that you have an emergency and you need to pay [gni_zim]. What would be the MAIN source of money that you would use to come up with [gni_zim] within the NEXT 30 DAYS?" 1 Savings 2 Family, relatives, or friends 3 Money from working 4 Borrowing from a bank, employer, or private lender 5 Selling assets -666 Some other source 0 I could not come up with the money -999 Don't know IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 228 Annex D: Research Protocol Question -888 Refused to answer FH1a. Specify FH2. How difficult would it be for you to come up with [gni_zim] within the NEXT 30 DAYS? Would it be very difficult, somewhat difficult or not difficult at all? 2 Very difficult 1 Somewhat difficult 0 Not difficult at all -999 Don't know -888 Refused to answer FH3. How difficult would it be for you to come up with [gni_zim] within the NEXT 7 DAYS? Would it be very difficult, somewhat difficult or not difficult at all? Use choice list from FH2 FH1. Now, imagine that you have an emergency and you need to pay [gni_zim]. What would be the MAIN source of money that you would use to come up with [gni_zim] within the NEXT 30 DAYS?" Use the choice list from question FH1 Was [resp_mod_6_details] the household member who responded to the survey? Yes/no Module 7: Basic Farming In this module there are 4 types of answers: select yes or no, select one option: you only need to select one choice out of the given for example acre, hectare or yards and select multiple choices to answer: You can select more than one choice to answer the question. For example, selecting all crops the household farmed i.e. bean, maize, cotton and the likes Question BF2. Did you cultivate anything in last 12 months? BF3. What did your household cultivate in the last rainy season? 1 Bean 2 Rice 3 Maize 4 Sorghum/millet 5 Wheat 6 Cassava 7 Sweet potatoes 8 Irish potaotes Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 229 Question 9 Soybeans 10 Groundnuts 11 Sunflower 12 Tomatoes 13 Pigeon peas 14 Ground beans (Mzama) 15 Cotton 16 Sugar cane 17 Vegetables 18 Paprika 19 Tobacco -666 Other (specify) BF3a. Specify BF4. Did you sell any of the [Crop_name] you grew? Yes/no DO NOT PROMPT BF5. Did you sell more than half of the total output of [Crop_name]? Yes/no DO NOT PROMPT BF6. Who was the main buyer? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Local trader not at market, 2 Local trader at market 3 Out-of-town mobile trader 4 External markets 5 Relative/Friend 6 Agricultural Cooperative 7 Sold to agrodealers -666 Other (specify) BF6a. Specify BF7. Did you sell to anyone else? Yes/no BF7a. Who else did you sell to? Use the choice from question BF6 Specify IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 230 Annex D: Research Protocol Question BF7. What is the most important crop you cultivated in the last rainy season? DO NOT PROMPT Use the choice from question BF3 BF8. What is the second most important crop you cultivated in the last rainy season? DO NOT PROMPT Use the choice from question BF3 BF9. What is the third most important crop you cultivated in the last rainy season? DO NOT PROMPT Use the choice from question BF3 BF10. Have you been cultivating any land in this dry season? DO NOT PROMPT BF11. What crops have you been cultivating in the dry season? DO NOT PROMPT 1 tomatoes, 2 Onions 3 Cabbage 4 Green maize 5 Carrots 6 Water melon 7 Beans 8 Peas 9 Rice 10 Sweet potatoes 11 Cassava 12 Cauliflowe, broccoli & lettuce 13 Egg plants 14 Strawberries -666 Other (specify) BF11a. Specify Write text ____________________________ BF12. What type of irrigation have you been using? Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 231 Question DO NOT PROMPT 1 Water can 2 Hose pipe 3 Sprinkler 4 Drip irrigation 5 Flooding 6 Treadle pump -666 Other (specify) 0 None BF12a. Specify Write text ____________________________ Do you own any fruit bearing trees? Yes/no Do you have any of these fruit-bearing trees? 1 Matooke 2 Jackfruit 3 Coffee 4 Passionfruit 5 Cocoa 6 Nartjie 7 Guava 8 Peaches -666 Other, specify Please specify other fruit bearing tree This includes matooke, coffee, avocado, etc. OUTPUT AND SALES LAST RAINY SEASON BF13. How many bags of maize did you harvest in the last rainy season? DO NOT PROMPT Enter the number of bags in figures_________________ BF14. Are you a member of farmer group/cooperative (mabungwe alimi)? Yes/No DO NOT PROMPT BF15. Did you get together with other farmers in the last rainy season to organize some of your sales as a group? Yes/No IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 232 Annex D: Research Protocol Question DO NOT PROMPT BF16. What did you do to organize your sales as a group? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Find markets or buyers with good prices 2 Share transport to market 3 Call buyer to pick up crop 4 Negotiate prices -666 Other (specify) BF16a. Specify INPUTS IN THE LAST RAINY SEASON Now, I would like to talk about farming inputs during the last rainy season. In the last rainy season, did you... 1 Yes 0 No BF17. Use any organic fertilizer? DO NOT PROMPT In the past agricultural season, did you purchase any organic fertilizer? What was the source of this purchase? You are allowed to select multiple answers to this question 1 Government outlet/extension services. 2 Cooperative 3 Commercial provider -666 Other, specify. Please specify BF18. Use any inorganic fertilizer? DO NOT PROMPT In the past agricultural season, did you purchase any inorganic fertilizer? What was the source of this purchase? Refer to the choice list from the previous question about inputs Please specify Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 233 Question BF19. Use any packed seeds? DO NOT PROMPT In the past agricultural season, did you purchase any packed seeds? What was the source of this purchase? Refer to the choice list from the previous question Please specify BF20. Use any pesticides or herbicides? DO NOT PROMPT In the past agricultural season, did you purchase any herbicides? What was the source of this purchase? Refer to the choice list from the previous question about inputs Please specify BF21. Hire any labor to help with any farming tasks? DO NOT PROMPT BF22. Rent any of farming equipment such as ox cart, tractor, hand plough, ridger or other major farming equipment? DO NOT PROMPT BF23. Rent any of farming animals such as cattle or donkey? DO NOT PROMPT OFF-FARM BUSINESS Now, I would like to ask you about any business you or anyone in your household engages in. I mean all other sources of income of the household that have not been mentioned yet, such as shops or trades for instance. Household non-agricultural income-generating businesses include those that produce or trade goods or services, including owning a shop or operating a trading business, no matter how small. Enterprises might include, for example, retail shop, petty trade, sell second-hand clothes, etc. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 234 Annex D: Research Protocol Question 1 Yes 0 No BF24. Do you or anyone in your household current operate a business? DO NOT PROMPT BF25. Are you engaged in more than one business? DO NOT PROMPT BF26. How many years have you been operating the (main) business? DO NOT PROMPT BF27. Is the current value of the inventory and other assets of your (main) business more than US$ 50? DO NOT PROMPT Was [Resp_mod_7_details] the household member who responded to the survey? Module G: Agriculture In this module there are 4 types of answers: select yes or no, select one option: you only need to select one choice out of the given for example yes, no, refuse to answer or don’t know, decimal: allows you to enter a number with decimals and select multiple choices to answer: You can select more than one choice to answer the question. For example, selecting all farming activities the household done i.e. Mulching, Manure application, dry planting etc. Question FO. Invite [armer_name] to answer the agricultureal module. Is [farmer_name] available for the interview? 1 Yes 0 No The [farmer_index] farmer I will ask the following question is [farmer_name] Do you have access to a plot of land (even if very small) over which you make decisions about what will be grown or how it will be grown or how to dispose of the harvest? 1 Yes 0 No -888 Refused to answer -999 Don't know Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 235 Question Do you own, rent, or sharecrop the land over which you make decisions? 1 Own 2 Rent 3 Sharecrop -999 Don't know What was your farm size (the largest total area of your farmland) in any cropping season in the past 12 months? INCLUDES PLOTS OF LAND ALLOCATED TO FARMERS FOR GROWING CROPS BUT NOT OWNED. Quantity Unit 1 Acre 2 Hectare 3 Square Meters 4 Yards Do you have animals and/or aquaculture products over which you make decisions about their management or how to dispose of the production? Did you take any agricultural credit, in cash or in kind, in the [PAST 12 MONTHS] from any of the following? Did you save any cash in the [PAST 12 MONTHS]? How much? Some people insure their agricultural production against negative unexpected circumstances, such as drought, floods, and pests by paying for this service. Did you buy agricultural insurance in the [PAST 12 MONTHS]? In the past 12 months, did you plant any of the following crops in the plot(s) over which you make decisions? READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Beans/ groundnuts/ cowpeas/ bambaranuts 2 Maize/Sorghum/Millet 3 Pigeon peas 4 Sesame seeds 0 None of the above AG13. Did you use any of these practices for cultivation in the PAST 12 MONTHS? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 236 Annex D: Research Protocol Question READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Crop genetics: e.g. improved/certified seed that could be higher-yielding, higher in nutritional content and/or more resilient to climate impacts; improved germplasm. 2 Cultural practices: e.g. crop rotation, intercropping, mulching, weeding. 3 Livestock management: e.g. improved livestock breeds; livestock health services and products such as vaccines; improved livestock handling practices and housing; improved feeding practices; improved grazing practices, improved waste management practices, improved fodder crop, cultivation of dual purpose crops. 4 Wild-caught fisheries management: e.g. sustainable fishing practices; improved nets, hooks, lines, traps, dredges, trawls; improved hand gathering, netting, angling, spearfishing, and trapping practices. 5 Natural resource or ecosystem management: e.g. terracing, rock lines; fire breaks; biodiversity conservation; strengthening of ecosystem services, including stream bank management or restoration or re/afforestation; woodlot management. 6 Pest and disease management: e.g. Integrated Pest Management; improved and environmentally sustainable use of insecticides and pesticides, improved fungicides; appropriate application of fungicides, improved and environmentally sustainable use of cultural, physical, biological and chemical insecticides and pesticides; crop rotation; aflatoxin prevention and control. 7 Soil-related fertility and conservation: e.g. Integrated Soil Fertility Management; soil management practices that increase biotic activity and soil organic matter levels, such as soil amendments that increase fertilizer- use efficiency (e.g. soil organic matter, mulching); improved fertilizer; improved fertilizer use practices; inoculant; erosion control. 8 Irrigation: e.g. drip, surface, and sprinkler irrigation; irrigation schemes. 9 Agriculture water management - non-irrigation-based: e.g. water harvesting; sustainable water use practices; practices that improve water quality. 10 Climate mitigation: Examples include low- or no-till practices; restoration of organic soils and degraded lands; efficient nitrogen fertilizer use; practices that promote methane reduction; agroforestry; introduction/expansion of perennials; practices that promote greater resource use efficiency (e.g. drip irrigation, upgrades of agriculture infrastructure and supply chains). 11 Climate adaptation/climate risk management: technologies promoted with the explicit objective of reducing risk and minimizing the severity of the impacts of climate change. Examples include drought and flood resistant varieties; short-duration varieties; adjustment of sowing time; agricultural/climate forecasting; early warning systems; diversification, use of perennial varieties; agroforestry; risk insurance. 12 Marketing and distribution: e.g. contract farming technologies and practices; improved input purchase technologies and practices; improved commodity sale technologies and practices; 13 improved market information system technologies and practices. 14 Post-harvest handling and storage: e.g. improved transportation; decay and insect control; temperature and humidity control; improved quality control technologies and practices; sorting and grading, sanitary handling practices. 15 Value-added processing: e.g. improved packaging practices and materials including biodegradable packaging; food and chemical safety technologies and practices; improved preservation technologies and practices. -666 Other: e.g. improved mechanical and physical land preparation; improved capacity to repair agricultural equipment, nonmarket- and non-climate-related information technology; improved record keeping; improved budgeting and financial management. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 237 Question How much land that you have used for this technology [bl21_practice_name] for in last 12 months on {crop_nam} Quantity Unit 1 Acre 2 Hectare 3 Square Meters 4 Yards Did you use any of these methods to store the [crop_name] in the past 12 months? 1 Locally made storage structures such as sheet metal silos 2 Sealed/air tight bags 3 Community storage facilities, including warehouse receipting 4 Use of solar or fuel-powered dryers to reduce post-harvest moisture 5 Seed or grain treatment techniques including botanical pest control agents or phytosanitary irradiation 6 Grain treatment with agro-chemicals 7 Other post-harves practices that reduce pre-storage losses 0 Did not use any of these practices Animal In the past 12 months, did you raise livestock? A. Did you use any of the following practices when you cared for the livestock during the past 12 months...? This choice list applies for all livestock practices questions in this section 1 Improved shelters 2 Vaccinations 3 Deworming 4 Castration 5 Dehorning 6 Homemade animal feeds made of locally available products 7 Animal feed supplied by stock feed manufacturer 8 Artificial insemination 9 Pen feeding 10 Fodder production and/or veld reinforcement with legumes 11 Used the services of community animal health workers/paravets 12 The services of community animal health extension worker 13 The services of a gov animal health extension worker IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 238 Annex D: Research Protocol Question Please specify Did you use any of the following practices when you cared for the Poultry during the past 12 months The choice list is the same as in question A Please specify Did you use any of the following practices when you cared for the goats during the past 12 months The choice list is the same as in question A Please specify Did you use any of the following practices when you cared for the cattle during the past 12 months The choice list is the same as in question A Please specify NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES NR1. Did you use any of the following natural resource management practices or techniques that were not related directly to your on-farm production during the PAST 12 MONTHS? 1 Management or protection of watersheds or water catchments 2 Agro-forestry 3 Management of forest plantation/ woodlands 4 Regeneration of natural landscapes (reforestation/ regreening/soil erosion controls/ water conservation...) 5 Sustainable harvesting of forest products 6 Development and/ implementation of NRM bylaws 7 Did not practice any of these activities for the past 12 months 0 None -666 Other, specify Specify How much area was [nrpractice_name] was used on? NR2A. Quantity NR2B. Unit Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 239 Module 8: Savings Information In this module there are 2 types of answers: select yes or no, text answer question and select multiple choices to answer: You can select more than one choice to answer the question. For example, selecting all saving methods members of household are engaging in i.e. saving with neighbor, saving with a friend or saving with a shopkeeper Question Now, I would like to talk about saving. I would like to ask you about the places where you and other household members keep money for safekeeping. S1. In the last 6 months, have you or someone from your household kept money at or with DO NOT PROMPT 1 With family member outside the household 2 With a neighbor 3 With a friend 4 With a shopkeeper 5 Village Savings and Loans Association (VSLA) 6 Savings groups including SACCO, Unions, and other saving groups 7 Box in the household 8 In your pocket, your clothes or in a bag that you carry 9 Commercial bank 10 Mobile money 11 A secret place in your home -666 Other (specify) 0 No savings -888 (Prefer not to answer) S1a. Please specify: In what other location do you save money? DO NOT PROMPT Write name of the place they are saving money at____________________________ S2. Are you currently keeping any [Saving_name]? 1 Yes 0 No DO NOT PROMPT IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 240 Annex D: Research Protocol Module 9: Loans In this module there are 3 types of answers: select yes or no, text answer question and select multiple choices to answer: You can select more than one choice to answer the question. For example, selecting all saving methods members of household are engaging in i.e. if any member of Household has ever taken a loan from banks, Sacco, MFI or None and answers that require entering figures Question L1. Have you taken out any loan from a bank or a microfinance institution or a sacco in the past 12 months? 1 Banks 2 Sacco 3 Microfinance institution 0 None How much have you taken out in total? Enter the amount in figures_____________________ Which currency did you refer to when responding to the previous question? 1 Zimbabwe dollars 2 US dollars Do you or any other household member regularly save cash? 1 Yes 0 No -888 Refused to answer -999 Don't know Where are the savings primarily held? 1 At home 2 MFI (SACCO) 3 Village savings/credit group (e.g., VSLA) 4 Bank 5 Mobile banking -666 Other, specify -999 Don’t know Please specify Write here__________________ if you select -666 to specify other places Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 241 Module 10: Perceived Economic Ladder Now, I would like to ask you some questions about your satisfaction with life. NOTE: THE CHOICES BELOW ARE APPLICABLE TO QUESTIONS ‘’PL1-PL4’’ 1 1(lowest) … 10 10(highest) -999 Don't know -888 Refused to answer PL1. Now, assume that the top rung of the ladder (10) represents the best-off members of your community and that the lowest rung (1) are the poorest individuals. Where would you place your household on the ladder in terms of economic status? PL2. Where do you think you will be on this ladder 5 years from now – in terms of your economic status? PL3. How would you describe your satisfaction with life? The top rung of the ladder (10) represents very satisfied and the bottom of the ladder (1) represents very dissatisfied. On which step would you place yourself? PL4. On the same ladder, which step do you believe you will be on in 5 years- in terms of self￾satisfaction? Module 11: Mental Health READ OUT OPTIONS Question I am going to read a list of questions about your feelings. I would like to know how often in the past 30 days that you felt this way: all of the time, most of the time, some of the time, a little of the time, none of the time. How often during the past 30 days did you feel: Feeling MH1. Nervous MH2. Hopeless MH3. Restless or fidgety MH4. So depressed that nothing could cheer you up IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 242 Annex D: Research Protocol Question MH5. That everything was difficult MH6. Worthless MH7. During the past 12 months, did you ever have a period lasting 30 days or longer when most of the time you felt worried, tense, or anxious? 1 Yes 0 No MH8. Source and Frequency of Anxiety MH9. What was the source of these worries or tensions? 1 Food shortage 2 Employment 3 Living space/Living situation 4 Health 5 Loan/Debt 6 Conflict with other 7 Domestic issues 8 Children's education 9 Clothing -666 Other (specify) -888 Skip MH10. What other source of worries? MH11. Has that period ended or is it still going on? 0 Ended 1 Still going on 2 Still going on, but reduced -888 Refuses to say/skip MH12. How much did/do these worries interfere with your ability to carry out your normal activities - a lot, some, a little, or not at all? 2 Some 3 A little 4 Not at all -888 Refuses to say/skip MH13. During the last 12 months, have you visited a health facility or seen a health provider for reasons related to your worries? MH14. Which type of health facility did you visit or which type of health provider did you see? Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 243 Question 1 Government hospital 2 Government referral hospital 3 Private hospital 4 Government health post 5 Private clinic 6 Pharmacy 7 NGO Clinic 8 Private qualified doctor 9 Private health officer 10 Private nurse 11 Unlicensed doctor 12 Traditional birth attendant/midwife 13 Community health worker/first aid provider 14 Traditional healer -666 Other (specify) -888 Skip MH14a. Specify other: What other type of health facility / provider ? MH15. During the last 12 months, have you visited any traditional healer for reasons related to your worries? MH16. During the last 12 months, have you visited any religious authority for reasons related to your worries? MH17. What are the issues that sometimes are reasons of concern for you? 1 Food shortage 2 Living situation 3 Loan/Debt 4 Health 5 Employment 6 Children's education 7 Clothing 8 Conflict with other 9 Domestic issues 0 Nothing -666 Other (specify) -888 Refused to answer MH17a. What other issue: IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 244 Annex D: Research Protocol Module 12: Self Control Respondent will choose situation that is likely reflecting them most READ OUT OPTIONS For each of the following statements, please say whether this statement is not at all like you, a little like you, somewhat like you, mostly like you, or very much like you. NOTE: THE CHOICES BELOW ARE APPLICABLE TO QUESTIONS ‘’SC1-SC10’’ 4 Very much like me 3 Mostly like me 2 Somewhat like me 1 Not much like me 0 Not like me at all SC1. I have a hard time breaking bad habits. SC2. I get distracted easily. SC3. I say inappropriate things. SC4. I refuse things that are bad for me, even if they are fun. SC5. I'm good at resisting temptation. SC6. People would say that I have very strong self-discipline SC7. Pleasure and fun sometimes keep me from getting work done. SC8. I do things that feel good in the moment but regret later on. SC9. Sometimes I can't stop myself from doing something, even if I know it's wrong. SC10. I often act without thinking through all the alternatives. Module F: Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene (WASH) In this module there are 3 types of answers: select yes or no, text answer question: you can type the answer and select one answer from the list of many i.e. sources of water that the household uses be it piped into dwelling, public tap or unprotected well Question Now, I would like to ask you some questions about your household's access and use of water What is currently the main source of drinking water for members of your household? 1 Piped into dwelling Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 245 Question 2 Piped to yard/plot 3 Public tap/standpipe 4 Tube well/Borehole 5 Protected Well 6 Unprotected Well 7 Protected Spring 8 Unprotected Spring 9 Rainwater 10 Rock catchments 11 Tanker truck 12 Cart with small tank 13 Surface water (river/dam/lake/pond/stream/canal/irrigation channel) 14 Bottled Water -666 Other (specify) -999 Don't know 0 No access Other, specify What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? 1 Flush to piped sewer system 2 Flush to septic tank 3 Flush to pit latrine 4 Flush to somewhere else 5 Flush, don't know where 6 Ventilated improved pit latrine 7 Covered Pit latrine with slab 8 Covered Pit latrine without slab/open pit 9 Uncovered pit latrine with slab 10 Uncovered pit latrine without slab/open pit 11 Composting toilet 12 Bucket toilet 13 Hanging toilet/hanging latrine 0 No facility/bush/field -666 Other (specify) -999 Don't know Please specify other kind of toilet facility Do you share this facility with other households? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 246 Annex D: Research Protocol Question How many households use this toilet facility? Module R: Resilience In this module there are 2 types of answers: select one/yes or no, text answer question: you can type the answer and select one answer from the list of many i.e. sources of water that the household uses be it piped into dwelling, public tap or unprotected well READ OUT OPTIONS Question R1. Do you believe the government will respond effectively during the next shock or stress? Module R1: Shocks Exposure Index Over the last year (12 months) did your household experience any of these shocks? Climatic shocks NOTE: THE YES/NO CHOICES BELOW ARE APPLICABLE TO QUESTIONS ‘’A-U’’ 1 Yes 0 No SHOCK a. Excessive rains b. Flooding c. Too little rain/drought d. variable rain (early/late) e. Hail/frost f. Landslides/erosion Biological shocks g. Crop disease (rust on wheat, sorghum) h. Crop pests (locusts) i. Weeds (e.g., associated with striga) j. Livestock disease Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 247 Question k. Human disease outbreaks (from contaminated water) Conflict shocks l. Theft or destruction of assets m. Theft of livestock (raids) Land conflict Water conflict Gender Based Violence Economic shocks n. Delay in food assistance o. Increasing food prices p. Increased prices of agricultural or livestock inputs q. Decreased prices for agricultural or livestock products r. Loss of land/rental property s. Unemployment t. Death or long-term illness of household member u. Non-function of borehole In which month did [Shock_label] start? Note: If experienced [Shock_label] more than once, use the month of the most recent occurrence Shock: [Shock_label] How severe was the overall impact on your household's income 0 1. None (the same) 1 2. Slight decrease 2 3. Severe decrease 3 4. Worst ever happened -999 99. Don’t know Shock: [Shock_label] How severe was the impact on your household’s food consumption? How did you cope with the [Shock_label]? Mechanism IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 248 Annex D: Research Protocol Question 1 Yes 0 No LIVESTOCK AND LAND HOLDINGS NOTE: THE YES/NO CHOICES BELOW ARE APPLICABLE TO QUESTIONS ‘’A-Z’’ 1 Yes 0 No a. Send livestock in search of pasture b. Sell livestock c. Slaughter livestock d. Lease out land MIGRATION e. HH member migrated f. Migrate (the whole family) g. Send children or an adult to stay with relatives COPING STRATEGIES TO REDUCE CURRENT EXPENDITURE h. Take children out of school (to work, or can’t pay school) fees) i. Move to less expensive housing j. Reduce food consumption (quantity/meal; # of meals/day) k. Reduced non-essential HH expenses l. Gotten food on credit from a local merchant COPING STRATEGIES TO GET MORE FOOD OR MONEY m. Take up new/additional work (casual labor, wage labor) n. Sell household items (e.g., radio, bed) o. Sell productive assets (e.g., plough, water pump) p. Take out a loan (with interest) from a (formal) bank q. Take out a loan (with interest) from an MFI or village savings group r. Take out a loan (with interest) from a money-lender Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 249 Question s. Take out a loan (no interest) from friends or relatives within the community (bonding) t. Take out a loan (no interest) from friends or relatives outside of the community (bridging) u. Gift of money (not remittances) or food from family, friends, church or other group within community (bonding) v. Gift of money (not remittances) or food from family, friends, church or other group outside of community (bridging) w. Send children to work for money (e.g., domestic service) x. Receive emergency food aid from the government or NGO y. Receive emergency cash transfer from the government or NGO z. Participate in government or NGO food-for-work or cash-for-work activities Shock: [Shock_label]: To what extent has your household been able to recover? 1 Did not recover 2 Partially recovered 3 Fully recovered, same as before the shock 4 Fully recovered and better than before the shock 5 Not affected by [event] -999 Don’t know To what extent has your ability to meet food needs returned to the level it was before all the shocks and stressors you experienced in the last 12 months? In light of the shocks and stressors you faced in the last 12 months, to what extent do you believe you will be able to meet your food needs in the next year? What have you done to protect your household from the impact of shocks in the future? 1 Nothing 2 Increased savings 3 Put aside grains (for HH or animals) 4 Put water aside 5 Planted different crops 6 Purchased different animals 7 Changed livelihood 8 Added different livelihood activity 9 Acquired crop insurance 10 Relocated temporarily 11 Relocated permanently -666 Other (specify) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 250 Annex D: Research Protocol Question -999 Don’t know -888 Prefer not to answer Other specify Was [resp_r1_details] the household member who responded to the survey? Module R7: Access to Information Did you receive any information on [infotopic_label_english] in the last 12 months? 1 Yes 0 No What was your main source of information about ${infotopic_label_english}? 1 Relatives, friends, neighbors 2 Gov’t officials 3 Village Development Committee 4 School teachers 5 Group in community (e.g., savings, forest users, farmers) 6 Religious leaders 7 Clan Elders 8 Local market 9 Gov’t: rural development agents, health/agriculture ext. 10 NGOs 11 Newspaper /Radio / TV 12 Internet or SMS 13 Private sector (input supplier, veterinarian, etc.) 14 Health facility -666 Other (specify) -999 Don’t know Other, specify Sub-module R10: Livelihood Activities In this module there are 3 types of answers: select one/yes or no, text answer question: you can type the answer and select one answer from the list of many i.e. sources of household food for the past 12 months was it farming, agriculture wage labor or salaried work? Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 251 Question What were the sources of your household’s food or income over the last 12 months? 1 a. Farming/crop production and sales 2 b. Livestock production/fattening and sales 3 c. Agricultural wage labor 4 d. Non-agricultural wage labor 5 e. Salaried work 6 f. Sale of wild/bush products (including charcoal, firewood) 7 g. Honey production and sales 8 h. Petty trade (selling other products, e.g., grain, veggies, oil, sugar, etc.) 9 i. Petty trade (selling own products, e.g., local beer, sex work) 10 j. Other self-employment/own business (agricultural, e.g., buying/reselling chat) 11 k. Other self-employment/own business (non-agricultural, e.g., stone cutting, hair braiding, etc. 12 l. Rental of land, house, rooms 13 m. Remittances 14 n. Gifts/inheritance 15 o. Safety net food/cash assistance 16 p. Artisanal mining/quarrying -666 ${resi_r1001_osp} -666 Other (specify) Other, specify Write text ____________________ Sub-module R13: Social and Capacity-Building Support In this module there are 3 types of answers: select one/yes no refuse to answer or Don’t know, text answer question: you can type the answer and select one answer from the list of many i.e. where the household got help in need of money or food was it from relatives or other relatives Question INFORMAL SOURCES OF SOCIAL SUPPORT During the drought members of my community have helped each other to cope 1 1 Strongly disagree 2 2 Somewhat disagree 3 3 No opinion 4 4 Somewhat agree 5 5 Strongly agree During the drought members from different communities have helped each other to cope IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 252 Annex D: Research Protocol Question During difficult times, will your household be able to lean on relatives living in your community? 1 Yes 0 No Will the same relatives living in your community that you will be able to lean on during difficult times also be able to lean on you for financial or food support during their difficult times? During difficult times, will your household be able to lean on relatives living outside your community? Will the same relatives living outside your community that you will be able to lean on during difficult times also be able to lean on you for financial or food support during their difficult times? During difficult times, will your household be able to lean on non-relatives living in your community? Will the same non-relatives living in your community that you will be able to lean on during difficult times also be able to lean on you for financial or food support during their difficult times? During difficult times, will your household be able to lean on non-relatives living outside your community? Will the same non-relatives living outside your community that you will be able to lean on during difficult times also be able to lean on you for financial or food support during their difficult times? If your household had a problem and needed help urgently (e.g., food, money, labor, transport, etc.), who IN THIS VILLAGE could you turn to for help? 1 1. Relatives 2 2. Non-relatives in my ethnic group/clan 3 3. Non-relatives in other ethnic group/clan 0 4. No one -666 Other (specify) -999 6. Don’t know Other, specify If your household had a problem and needed help urgently (e.g., food, money, labor, transport, etc.), who OUTSIDE THIS VILLAGE could you turn to for help? Other, specify Compared to one year ago has your ability to get this type of help (from someone within or outside of your village): Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 253 Question Who INSIDE THIS VILLAGE would you help if they needed help urgently (e.g., food, money, labor, transport, etc.)? Other, specify Who OUTSIDE THIS VILLAGE would you help if they needed help urgently (e.g., food, money, labor, transport, etc.)? Read list; select all that apply Other, specify Linking social Capital Do you or does anyone else in your household personally know an elected government official? How do you (or other household member) know the government official? Is he or she a EDUCATION AND TRAINING SUPPORT Have you or anyone in your household ever received any vocational (job) or skills training? Have you or anyone in your household ever received any business development training (including financial literacy)? Have you or anyone in your household ever received any early warning training? Have you ever or anyone in your household received any natural resource management training? Have you or anyone in your household ever received adult education (literacy or numeracy or financial education)? Have you or anyone in your household ever received training in how to use your mobile phone to get market information like prices? Sub-module R14: Aspirations and Confidence to Adapt In this module there are 3 types of answers: select one/yes no refuse to answer or Don’t know, text answer question: you can type the answer and select one answer from the list of many example asking whether the respondent agree, disagree or strongly agree or disagree with some statement Read out options Question Please tell me which one of these two views you most agree with. 1 Each person is primarily responsible for his/her success or failure in life. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 254 Annex D: Research Protocol Question 2 One’s success or failure in life is a matter of his/her destiny. Please tell me which one of these two views you most agree with. Are you willing to move somewhere else to improve your life? Are you hopeful about your children’s future? What level of education do you want for your children? 1 No preference 2 Any level of primary (but not graduated) 3 Graduated from primary 4 Graduated from secondary 5 Post-secondary (college, university) Do you agree that one should always follow the advice of the elders? Do you communicate regularly with at least one person outside the village? During the past week, have you engaged in any economic activities with other villages or clans? For example, farming, trading, employment, borrowing or lending money. How many times in the past month have you gotten together with friends, family, neighbors, etc. to discuss issues or share food/drinks, either in someone’s home or in a public place? How many times in the past month have you attended a church/ mosque or other religious service? In the last year, how many times have you stayed more than 2 days outside your village? STATEMENTS Below is a series of statements that you may agree or disagree with. Using the scales below indicate your agreement with each item. Use the choice list below for all statements 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Slightly disagree 4 Slightly agree 5 Agree 6 Strongly agree My experience in my life has been that what is going to happen will happen. My life is chiefly controlled by other powerful people. It is not always wise for me to plan too far ahead because many things turn out to be a matter of good or bad fortune. Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 255 Question I can mostly determine what will happen in my life. When I get what I want, it is usually because I worked hard for it. My life is determined by my own actions. Module K: Gender Access to Credit and Group Participation In this module there are 3 types of answers: select one/yes no, refuse to answer or Don’t know, text answer question: you can type the answer and select one answer from the list of many example asking whether anyone in the household taken any loan or participated in any community groups Question Is [Household_credit_name] available to respond the following questions? Now I would like to ask you about your household's (partner's) experience with borrowing money or other items in the past 12 months List of lending sources (not displayed) Has anyone in your household taken any loans or borrowed cash/in-kind from [lendingsource_label] in the past 12 months? 1 Self 2 Partner/Spouse 3 Self and partner/spouse jointly 4 Other household member 5 Self and other household member(s) 6 Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) 7 Someone (or group of people) outside the household 8 Self and other outside people 9 Partner/Spouse and other outside people 10 Self, partner/spouse and other outside people Who made the decision to borrow from {lendingsource_label]? Who makes the decision about what to do with the money or item borrowed from [lendingsource_label]? 1 Yes, cash 2 Yes, in-kind 3 Yes, cash and in-kind 0 No -999 Don’t know IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 256 Annex D: Research Protocol Question Is there any of the following groups in your community? 1 A. Agricultural / livestock/ fisheries producer’s group (including marketing groups) 2 B. Water users’ group 3 C. Forest users’ group 4 D. Credit or microfinance group (i.e., SACCOs, etc.) 5 E. Saving groups (VSLA, merry-go-round, ect.) 6 E. Mutual help or insurance group (including burial societies) 7 F. Trade and business association 8 G. Civic groups (improving community) or charitable group (helping others) 9 I. Local government 10 J. Religious group (e.g. Mother’s Union) 11 K. Mother’s group 12 L. Youth group 13 M. Farmers’/cattle rearing cooperative 14 N. Communal grazing land users’ group 15 O. Communal natural resources group (Area Land Committee) 16 P. Disaster planning /response group (Resilience Action Committee) 17 Q. Peace committee 18 R. Other women’s group (only if it does not fit into one of the other categories) -666 X. Any other formal or informal organization, specify 0 (No, there is none of these groups) -999 (Don't know) Specify the other group Are you an active member of this [gender_group_label]? For any HH member who is in the group, how active is s/he in the group’s decision-making? Does the water user’s group manage communal water for livestock in this village? Does the water user’s group manage communal water for irrigation in this village? Does the group decide who in the village can use communal grazing land and when they can use it? Does the communal natural resources group decide who in the village can gather firewood and how much? Who primarily decides how savings are used? Please specify Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 257 Question Over the last 12 months, how often have you been a part of a group that provided labor to someone in the village who needed help? Over the last 12 months, how often have you been a part of a group that provided food to someone in the village who needed help? Over the last 12 months, how often have you been a part of a group that provided some other type of help to someone else in the village? Sub-module R9: Collective Action In this module there are 2 types of answers: select one/yes no and select multiple on activities participated example road maintenance, area enclosure, formed cooperative, soil conservation activities In the last 12 months, have you worked with others in your village to do something for the benefit of everyone in the village? What activities did you participate in that benefit the village? Sub-module R16: Gender Norms In this module there is only one type of answer: select one/yes no asking the frequency of how some events happen; regularly, occasionally, no or don’t know or who cares for children at home; yourself, spouse or someone else Question Generally, do adult men and women sit and eat together within households? Generally, do you and your spouse sit and eat together? Generally, do adult men and women sit together at public meetings? Generally, do men in the village help with childcare around the household? Generally, who cares for your children? Other, specify Generally, do men in the village help collect firewood or carry water for your household? Generally, who collects firewood for your household? Other, specify Generally, who fetches water for your household? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 258 Annex D: Research Protocol Question Other, specify Was [resp_r16_details] the household member who responded to the survey? Sub-module R3: Access to Market, Infrastructure, and Service In this module there are 3 type of answer: select one: Yes, No, refuse to answer or Don’t know; Select multiple: Banks MFI Community Savings, shops, money lender, other specify; Very good, Good or Poor Question Are the following services available IN or WITHIN FIVE KM of your village? * Institutions where people can borrow money Who provides this service? Other, specify Institutions were people can save money (including VSLA) Who provides this service Other, specify Primary school Health services (at least level 3 facility) Agricultural extension services Veterinary services (mobile vet, vet center, etc.) Electricity from public utility (main grid) Mobile phone service Public transport service (boda/boda, bus) Are there enough teachers for the primary school that children in this village attend? What is the physical condition of the primary school that the children in this village attend? What is the physical condition of the health service used by people in this village? In the last year was there a time when your household needed health services but could not get them? Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 259 Question Why were you not able to get the health services? Other, specify In the last year was there a time when you needed agricultural extension services but could not get them? Why were you not able to get agricultural extension services? Other, specify In the last year was there a time when you needed veterinary services but could not get them? Why were you not able to get the veterinary services? Other, specify Does your household have electricity from a public utility (main grid)? Can the village be reached by a tarmac road all year around? Can the village be reached by a murram (graded) road? How far away is the nearest livestock market from this village? How far away is the nearest market for selling agricultural products from this village? How far away is the nearest market for purchasing agricultural inputs from this village? Sub-module R15: Government Support In this module there are 3 type of answer: select one: Yes, No, refuse to answer or Don’t know; Select one; over an hour, about an hour, half an hour Question Are there any government or NGO programs in this village? What types of programming do they provide? Other, specify In the last 12 months, did you or your household receive any government or NGO assistance? What type(s) of assistance did you or your household receive? Other, specify IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 260 Annex D: Research Protocol Question Is there an emergency plan for livestock offtake if a drought hits your village? Do you have an active Peace Committee in your village? Do you have an active Area Land Committee in your village? Does this village have a security or police force? Who provides the nearest security/police force? Other, specify How long does it take for the nearest security/police force to reach this village? Module 13: Housing Quality In this module we will be asking about quality of dwelling unit, ownership, type of dwelling unit, materials used to build and sources of electricity Question What is the tenure status of the household’s dwelling? Please specify Type of dwelling unit Please specify What is the main material used for the house floor Please specify What is the main material used for the house roof Please specify Main material used for the house walls Please specify How many rooms does this household use? Does this household have access to electricity? What are all the different sources of electricity that you use in your household? Please specify Baseline Evaluation of the Amalima Loko RFSA in Zimbabwe (Vol. II) Annex D: Research Protocol 261 Module on Contraceptives In this module we will be asking various methods of contraceptives that a couple can use, Respondent can answer yes, no or refuse to answer or don’t know Question Is [Women_union_name] able to participate in the survey? Now I will ask you some questions that are not part of the research Now I would like to ask about family planning - the various ways or methods a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? Female Sterilization. Male Sterilization. IUD . Injectables. Implants. Contraceptive Pill. Male Condom. Female Condom. Diaphragm with spermicidal foam, cream or gel. Emergency Contraception. Standard Days Method. Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM). Have you heard of any other modern methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? Please specify Did you or your partner use any of these modern contraceptive methods in the past 12 months? Who usually makes the decision on whether or not you should use contraception, you, your (husband/partner), you and your (husband/partner) jointly, or someone else? 1 No HH member in group 2 HH member does not participate in decision-making 3 Somewhat active 4 Very active 5 HH member is a leader IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 262 Annex D: Research Protocol Question -999 Don’t know When making this decision with your (husband/partner), would you say that your opinion is more important, equally important, or less important than your (husband’s/partner’s) opinion? 1 More important 2 Equally important 3 Less important Survey Ends Thank you for speaking with me today, this is all the information I needed from you at this stage. Reasons for not Participating 1 No adult person to answer the questions 2 The respondent is not capable of participating in the survey (drunk, too ill, etc…) 3 Busy and rescheduled -888 Refused to answer -666 Other (specify) Specify Others End Comment