0 Baseline Report of the Titukulane Resilience Food Security Activity in Malawi June 2022 | Volume II – Annexes A, B, C, & D IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award ABOUT IMPEL The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award (IMPEL) works to improve the design and implementation of Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA)-funded resilience food security activities (RFSAs) through implementer-led evaluations and knowledge sharing. Funded by the USAID Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), IMPEL will gather information and knowledge in order to measure performance of RFSAs, strengthen accountability, and improve guidance and policy. This information will help the food security community of practice and USAID to design projects and modify existing projects in ways that bolster performance, efficiency, and effectiveness. IMPEL is a seven-year activity (2019–2026) implemented by Save the Children (lead), TANGO International, Tulane University, Causal Design, Innovations for Poverty Action, and International Food Policy Research Institute. RECOMMENDED CITATION IMPEL. (2022). Baseline Report of the Titukulane Resilience Food Security Activities in Malawi (Vol. II). Washington, DC: The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award. PHOTO CREDITS Fredrik Lerneryd / Save the Children DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning (IMPEL) award and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTACT INFORMATION IMPEL Activity c/o Save the Children 899 North Capitol Street NE, Suite #900 Washington, DC 20002 www.fsnnetwork.org/IMPEL IMPEL@savechildren.org PREPARED BY: Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Table of Contents i TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms...........................................................................................................iii Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey ..................................................................1 Annex B: Anthropometric Survey......................................................................43 Annex C: COVID-19 Protocol .............................................................................49 Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual ................................................51 VOLUME I Baseline Report of the Titukulane Resilience Food Security Activities in Malawi IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning ii Acronyms ACRONYMS BHA CIM CPI FCS FIES FNM GVH HAZ HFCs IFPRI IMPEL IPA MAD M-TVET MWK NASFAM NCT NRS ORT PPP RCT RFSA TA USAID VSLA WASH WHZ Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance CARE International in Malawi Consumer Price Index Food Consumption Score Food Insecurity Experience Scale Female No Male Group Village Head Height-for-Age Z-score High-Frequency Checks International Food Policy Research Institute Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning Associate Award Innovations for Poverty Action Minimum Acceptable Diet Mobile Technical and Vocational Training Malawi Kwacha National Smallholder Farmers’ Association of Malawi Nutritional Cash Transfers Malawi National Resilience Strategy Oral Rehydration Therapy Purchasing Power Parity Randomized Controlled Trials Resilience Food Security Activity Traditional Authority United States Agency for International Development Village Savings and Loan Associations Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Weight-for-Height Z-Score Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 1 ANNEX A: TITUKULANE BASELINE SURVEY Field Question Answer date Today's Date fo_name (required) FO, select your name hhid (required) FO, please enter respondent's unique ID hhid_confirm (required) Confirm Respondent's unique ID distr_name Select the District name 304 Zomba 319 Mangochi ta_nam Select the TA name 1 Chikowi 2 Kuntumanji 3 Malemia 4 Nkapita 5 Mlumbe 6 Mwambo 7 Ntholowa 8 Chilipa 9 Chiunda 10 Chowe 11 Namabvi 12 Ntonda gvh_nam GVH Name gvh_uniqid gvh_name village_nam Village Name vil_uniqid village_name confirm_resp [enum], verify that you've found the right respondent before you proceed with the survey; Respondent's firstname: [firstname] Respondent's surname: [surname] TA: [ta_name] District: [district_name] Group Village Head: [gvh_name] Village: [village_name] Next of Kin: [next_of_kin] Relationship to HHH: [rel_hh_head] intro_note [enum]. Please introduce yourself to the respondent. respondent (required) FO: Did you find the target respondent or someone knowledgeable about this household's members? 1 Yes, found respondent or other hh member 2 No 3 No but found other knowledgeable source welcome Hello, I am [enum] I am conducting a survey to better understand the economic condition and well-being of individuals and their families. The questions I’m about to ask you now are only for the use of a survey team and will not determine who actually receives any kind of assistance or who is eligible to participate in a program. screen (required) Would you be willing to answer my few questions today? 1 Yes IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 2 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer 0 No Screener Screener > screen_yes Screener > screen_yes > Screener Questions childern (required) SQ1. Is there a child less than 2 years old in this household? 1 Yes 0 No preg (required) SQ2. Is there a pregnant woman in this household? 1 Yes 0 No screen_qn resp_status (required) [enum]: What is the status of this respondent/household? 1 Completed: Found 2 Completed: Screened otherwise 3 Incomplete: Found but busy - rescheduled 4 Incomplete: Not Found 5 Refused attempts (required) [enum]: How many times have you attempted to find this respondent/household? not_found (required) [enum]: Please select why the respondent was not found 1 Could not find household 2 Neighbours / Village head were unaware of whereabouts 3 House found but respondents not there -666 Other, specify not_found_other Specify Others general_comments (required) [enum]: Please record any other additional information. For example any other feature .i.e a tree, borehold, school, church etc. that can help locate the respondent non_part [enum].Thank you for speaking with me today, this is all the information I needed from you at this stage. Check note_long [enum].Please invite the household head, all the available females with child under 2years or pregnant and consent them to the dietry module sections note_short [enum].Please invite the household head or a knowledgeable person to consent Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 3 Field Question Answer consent_note Introduction of surveyor and his/her affiliation: My name is ___, I am a researcher for Innovations for Poverty Action, a non-profit organization dedicated to finding innovative solutions to development issues in various countries. Purpose: I am visiting you today because we are collecting information for our research on interventions aimed at reducing poverty. We are inviting households in your community to participate in this survey in order to better understand the economic condition and well-being of individuals and their families. Through this study we hope to have a better understanding of your lives, economic activities and the difficulties that you face in everyday life. Specifically, in this survey you will be asked about the composition of your household, your household’s assets, income generating activities, financial situation and the health of your household members. In this study, participants are randomly assigned to different groups. While you will be fully informed about the group of this study that you have been randomly assigned to, you will not be informed about different groups of this study that other participants are in. Procedures: Participation in this stage of the study will involve completing a survey. Topics to be covered are household composition, food access, your employment and income generating activities, agriculture, health, and child anthropometrics. The survey will take approximately 30 minutes of your time. We would also like to use the tablet computer to record our current location and make audio recordings of some of your answers. This information will help us collect accurate information. The recordings are voluntary and are not a requirement of participation in this survey. We will not record them against your will, and you will be asked to confirm if you agree at the beginning of the survey. We may contact you over the next few years for follow-up surveys, but you are free to decline participation in the follow-up if you wish. Risks: Participants in this survey may experience distress over the nature of the questions. There are no other expected risks from participating in this survey. As with all research, there is a chance that confidentiality could be compromised; however, we are taking precautions to minimize this risk. Your participation in this study will be confidential and the answers you provide will be stored securely in electronic form. Your name and any other identifying information will only be accessible to the affiliated researchers and will never appear in any sort of report that might be published or shared with organizations which may be interested in the results. There are no other anticipated risks from your participation in the study. Benefits: You will not directly receive any program or services just by participating in this study. However, the information you provide will be very valuable in understanding more about the people in this area and will be used to learn how to improve poverty alleviation programs in the future. Confidentiality: The information that you give in the study will be handled confidentially. While there is always a small risk that your personal information could be compromised, the researchers will take steps to protect your personal information. For example, your personal information will be stored in a password protected computer and only shared with the research team. The data you give me will be used for academic reports in the future, but we will not include your name or other identifying information in these reports. The answers you provide will be kept confidential to the extent possible (and allowable by law). The answers you provide will only be accessible to the research team and individuals from IPA who oversee the research. IPA will anonymize your personal data as soon as we no longer need it for IPA’s research. Data that cannot be linked to you personally may be used for research and IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 4 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer academic publications. Only information that does not identify you may be shared with other people or organizations. You may be contacted to participate in a follow-up or another study at a future date. Voluntary Participation: Participation in this survey is completely voluntary. You are free to decline to participate, to end participation at any time for any reason, or to refuse to answer any individual question without penalty. There are no costs associated with the participation in this survey. Questions: If you have any questions about this study, you may contact the Research Coordinator Monica Shandal (+17806919202 or mshandal@poverty-action.org) or Field Manager John Tengatenga (0999 965 218 or jtengatenga@poverty-action.org). You may also contact the National Committee on Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and Humanities (NCRSH) by calling +265 771 550 or +265 774 869. This committee has reviewed research protocol in Malawi and can guide participants on how to report any matters that perceived violation of any of their rights as participants. Sponsor: This research is funded by the United States Agency for International Development, Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance, which aims to reduce hunger and malnutrition. Field Question Answer Check > consentgroup consent (required) Do you have any questions about what I just read? If I have answered all your questions, do you agree to participate in this survey? (sign name/thumb) If there is any reason why you can’t interview the respondent, click No and provide reasons why you are unable to conduct the interview 1 Yes 0 No consent_gps (required) Do you agree to allow us to collect your GPS coordinates for this survey? (sign name/thumb) 1 Yes 0 No consent_audio (required) Do you agree to allow us to collect an audio recording during this survey? (sign name/thumb) You can take 15 minutes to decide. 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey Check > Titukulane Survey > Module A: CONTACT INFORMATION note_contact I would like to begin the survey by asking or confirming the contacts we have for your household working_cellphone (required) CI0. Do you have a working cell phone? 1 Yes 0 No phone_num1 (required) CI1. What is the phone number of the head of the house? if_2ndphone (required) CI2. Is there another phone number we can reach you on? 1 Yes 0 No phone_num2 (required) CI3.What is the second phone number? owner_2ndphone (required) CI4. What is the name of the owner of the second phone number? relationship_phone2 (required) CI5. What is their relationship to you? 1 Head of the household 2 Wife/husband Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 5 Field Question Answer 3 Child/adopted child 4 Grandchild 5 Niece/nephew 6 Father/mother 7 Sister/brother 8 Son/daughter-in-law 9 Brother-in-law 10 Grandfather/mother 11 Other relative 12 Other non-relative - 666 Other(specify) relationship_phone2_spec (required) CI5a. Specify the relationship if_3rdphone (required) CI6. Is there another phone number we can reach you on? 1 Yes 0 No phone_num3 (required) CI7. What is the third phone number? owner_3ndphone (required) CI8. what is the name of the owner of the third phone number? relationship_phone3 (required) CI9. What is their relationship to you? 1 Head of the household 2 Wife/husband 3 Child/adopted child 4 Grandchild 5 Niece/nephew 6 Father/mother 7 Sister/brother 8 Son/daughter-in-law 9 Brother-in-law 10 Grandfather/mother 11 Other relative 12 Other non-relative - 666 Other(specify) relationship_phone3_spec (required) CI9a. Specify the relationship Check > Titukulane Survey > Module B: DEMOGRAPHICS Check > Titukulane Survey > Module B: DEMOGRAPHICS > roster_short hh_intro Now I will ask some questions about the household in which you live. By household I mean a group of people who live together, pool their money, and eat at least one meal together each day IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 6 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer relationship_to_hhhead (required) HH1. What is your relationship to the head of household? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Head of the household 2 Wife/husband 3 Child/adopted child 4 Grandchild 5 Niece/nephew 6 Father/mother 7 Sister/brother 8 Son/daughter-in-law 9 Brother-in-law 10 Grandfather/mother 11 Other relative 12 Other non-relative -666 Other(specify) relationship_hhead_spec (required) HH1a. Specify hh_head_gender (required) HH2. Gender of respondent 1 Female 2 Male hh_head_age (required) HH3. How old are you? hh_head_occupation (required) HH4. What is your occupation? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Never had a job 2 Farmer 3 Fisherman 4 Trader/hawker/vendor 5 Professional worker (lawyer, accountant, nurse, engineer) 6 Government worker 7 Student 8 Unemployed -666 others -999 Don't know hhh_occupation_specify (required) HH4a. specify Others hhh_education (required) HH5. What is your highest level of education? 1 No formal schooling 2 Informal schooling only (including Koranic schooling) 3 Some primary schooling 4 Primary school completed 5 Intermediate school or some secondary school / high school Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 7 Field Question Answer 6 Secondary school / high school completed 7 Post-secondary qualifications other than university, e.g. a diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college 8 Some university 9 University completed 10 Post-graduate 11 Don’t know [Do not read] hh_head_maritalstatus (required) HH6. What is your marital status? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Married 2 Single 3 Widowed 4 Divorced/Seperated 5 In relationship, not married 6 In relationship, not living together -888 Refused to answer hh_maritalstatus_other (required) HH7. What is the Marital status of the head of the household? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Married 2 Single 3 Widowed 4 Divorced/Seperated 5 In relationship, not married 6 In relationship, not living together -888 Refused to answer hhh_gender_other (required) HH8. What is the gender of the household head? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Female 2 Male hhh_age_other (required) HH9. What is the age of the household head? DO NOT PROMPT Field Question Answer religion (required) HH10. What is your religion? 0 None 1 Christian 2 Muslim 3 Ethnic/traditional religion 4 Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God) 5 Atheist (Do not believe in a God) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 8 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer 6 None -666 Other -777 Refused to Answer -999 Don’t know hhh_occ_other (required) HH11. What is the occupation of the household head? DO NOT READ OPTIONS 1 Never had a job 2 Farmer 3 Fisherman 4 Trader/hawker/vendor 5 Professional worker (lawyer, accoountant, nurse, engineer) 6 Government worker 7 Student 8 Unemployed -666 others -999 Don't know hh_occother_specify (required) HH11a. specify hhh_edu_other (required) HH12. What is highest level of education of the household head? DO NOT READ OPTIONS 1 No formal schooling 2 Informal schooling only (including Koranic schooling) 3 Some primary schooling 4 Primary school completed 5 Intermediate school or some secondary school / high school 6 Secondary school / high school completed 7 Post-secondary qualifications other than university, e.g. a diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college 8 Some university 9 University completed 10 Post-graduate 11 Don’t know [Do not read] children16 (required) HH13. How many children, less than 16 years old, live in this household? children5 (required) HH14. How many children younger than 5 live in this household? children2 (required) HH15. How many children younger than 2 live in this household? Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 9 Field Question Answer children2_name (required) HH15a. What is the name of the youngest of them? women15 (required) HH16. Are there women age between the age of 15-59 in this household live in this household? 0 There is No one in the HH 1 There is only one woman between 15-59yrs 2 There are more than 1 women_young (required) HH17. What is the name of the youngest of them? woman_married (required) HH18. Are there women in this household who are married? 0 There is No one in the HH 1 There is only one Married woman 2 There are more than one married woman note_check {enum} you mentioned that the respondent is married, and here you are saying that there is no woman who is married in this household married_young (required) HH19. What is the name of the youngest of them? Check > Titukulane Survey > Module C: HOUSEHOLD ROSTER hh_number (required) How many people live in this household? Check > Titukulane Survey > Module C: HOUSEHOLD ROSTER > Household Members (1) (Repeated group) note_a Now I am going to ask you about these members in your household hhmember_name (required) HH20.Please enter a household member's name #1 gender (required) HH21. . Is [hhmember_name] male or female? 1 Female 2 Male Field Question Answer age (required) HH22 . How old is [hhmember_name]? Enter 0 if less than a year age_month (required) HH23 .What is [hhmember_name] 's age in months? primary_caregiver (required) HH24 .Who is the primary care-giver of [hhmember_name]? relation_hh (required) HH25. What is [hhmember_name]'s relationship to the head of the house? 1 Head of the household 2 Wife/husband 3 Child/adopted child 4 Grandchild 5 Niece/nephew 6 Father/mother 7 Sister/brother 8 Son/daughter-in-law 9 Brother-in-law 10 Grandfather/mother IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 10 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer 11 Other relative 12 Other non-relative -666 Other(specify) relation_hh_specify (required) HH25a . Specify educ (required) HH26 . What is [hhmember_name]'s highest level of education? CODE FROM ANSWER. DO NOT READ OPTIONS 1 No formal schooling 2 Informal schooling only (including Koranic schooling) 3 Some primary schooling 4 Primary school completed 5 Intermediate school or some secondary school / high school 6 Secondary school / high school completed 7 Post-secondary qualifications other than university, e.g. a diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college 8 Some university 9 University completed 10 Post-graduate 11 Don’t know [Do not read] hh_maritalstatus (required) HH27 . What is [hhmember_name]'s marital status? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Married 2 Single 3 Widowed 4 Divorced/Seperated 5 In relationship, not married 6 In relationship, not living together -888 Refused to answer mem_child HH28. Does [hhmember_name] have child under 2 1 Yes 0 No mem_child_present HH29. Is [hhmember_name] present during interview 1 Yes 0 No child_note (required) You earlier indicated that there's a child less than 2 years old in the household, but from the information you've entered, there's no child under 2 years. Please swipe back to clear the inconsistencies to proceed. diat_consent (required) CC1. Is [womnutrition_name] available and consents to participate in the dietary module? 1 Yes 0 No resp_knw (required) CC2. Does the respondent know and can respond to the dietary module? 1 Yes 0 No Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 11 Field Question Answer Check > Titukulane Survey > 14. Spending note_spending Now, as part of this next question I will give you MK 300. mobile_note We shall send this money to you in form of mobile money within a period of 48 hours. Read for me the number you would prefer receiving this money on mobile_number (required) Mobile number Type -777 if respondent doesn’t have a telephone number conf_mobile (required) Confirm Mobile Number Field Question Answer sp1 (required) SP1. What do you think you will use this money for? DO NOT PROMPT. FO, transfer the money to the respondent 1 Groceries (food for preparation at home) 2 Food for immediate consumption (vendor food, sweets, mandazi etc.) 3 Communication (air time etc.) 4 Household items (soap, kerosene) 5 Personal hygiene items 6 Saving 7 Repay loan 8 Health care 9 Clothing 10 Gift 11 Transport 12 Business 13 Farming 14 Household durables 666 Other, Specify sp1_spec (required) Specify Check > Titukulane Survey > Module D: CHILDREN'S NUTRITION STATUS AND FEEDING PRACTICE note_cons FO. Invite [womnutrition_name] to answer the children dietary module Check > Titukulane Survey > Module D: CHILDREN'S NUTRITION STATUS AND FEEDING PRACTICE > Prevalence of children 6–23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet (MAD) & Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under six months of age bl_1213c (required) CN1. Has [child_name] ever been breastfed? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213d (required) CN2. Was [child_name] breastfed yesterday during the day or at night? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 12 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer bl_1213e (required) CN3. Sometimes babies are fed breast milk in different ways, for example by spoon, cup, or bottle. This can happen when the mother cannot always be with her baby. Sometimes babies are breastfed by another woman or given breast milk from another woman by spoon, cup, bottle, or some other way. This can happen if a mother cannot breastfeed her own baby. Did [child_name] consume breast milk in any of these ways yesterday during the day or at night? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213f (required) CN4. Now I would like to ask you about some medicines and vitamins that are sometimes given to infants. Was [child_name] given any vitamin drops or other medicines as drops yesterday during the day or at night? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213g (required) CN5. Was [child_name] given [local name for oral rehydration solution] yesterday during the day or at night? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know Check > Titukulane Survey > Module D: CHILDREN'S NUTRITION STATUS AND FEEDING PRACTICE > Prevalence of children 6–23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet (MAD) & Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under six months of age > bl_1213h Check > Titukulane Survey > Module D: CHILDREN'S NUTRITION STATUS AND FEEDING PRACTICE > Prevalence of children 6–23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet (MAD) & Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under six months of age > bl_1213h > liquid_foods bl_1213i CN6. Next, I would like to ask you about some liquids that [child_name] may have had yesterday during the day or at night. Did [child_name] have any......” DO NOT PROMPT bl_1213j (required) CN7. Plain water? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213k (required) CN8. Infant formula such as [insert local examples]? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213m (required) CN9. Did [child_name] have any milk such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213o (required) CN10. Did [child_name] have any juice or juice drinks? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213p (required) CN11. Clear broth? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know Field Question Answer bl_1213q (required) CN12. Yogurt? 1 Yes Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 13 Field Question Answer DO NOT PROMPT 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213s (required) CN13. Did [child_name] have any thin porridge such as [insert local examples]? LIMIT TO PORRIDGE MIXED VERY THIN OR THICK DRINKS MADE FROM CEREAL. THICKER LESS LIQUID PORRIDGE IS INCLUDED UNDER ITEM D33. DO NOT PROMPT. LIMIT TO PORRIDGE MIXED VERY THIN OR THICK DRINKS MADE FROM CEREAL. 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213t (required) CN14. Any other liquids such as [list other water-based liquids available in the local setting]? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213u (required) CN15. Any other liquids? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213l (required) CN16. How many times yesterday during the day or at night did [child_name] consume any formula? DO NOT PROMPT bl_1213n (required) CN17. How many times yesterday during the day or at night did [child_name] consume any milk? DO NOT PROMPT bl_1213r (required) CN18. How many times yesterday during the day or at night did [child_name] consume any yogurt? DO NOT PROMPT Check > Titukulane Survey > Module D: CHILDREN'S NUTRITION STATUS AND FEEDING PRACTICE > Prevalence of children 6–23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet (MAD) & Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under six months of age > bl_1213v bl_1213w CN19. Now I would like to ask you about (other) liquids or foods that [child_name] ate yesterday during the day or at night. I am interested in whether your child had the item even if it was combined with other foods. For example, if [child_name] ate a millet porridge made with a mixed vegetable sauce, you should reply yes to any food I ask about that was an ingredient in the porridge or sauce. Please do not include any food used in a small amount for seasoning or condiments (like chilies, spices, herbs, or fish powder), I will ask you about those foods separately. Yesterday, during the day and night, did [child_name] eat any (ASK QUESTIONS D33-D49)? bl_1213x (required) CN20. Food made from grains, such as bread, rice, noodles, porridge, or [other local grain food] 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213y (required) CN21. Pumpkin, carrots, squash, sweet potatoes or [other local yellow/orange root crops] or any other foods made from dark yellow or orange-fleshed roots or tubers 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213z (required) CN22. White potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, [other local root crops], or any other foods made from roots or tubers 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213aa (required) CN23. Any dark green leafy vegetables such as [local dark green leafy vegetables] 1 Yes 0 No IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 14 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer 999 Don't know bl_1213bb (required) CN24. Any other vegetables such as [other local vegetables] 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213cc (required) CN25. Ripe mangoes, ripe papayas, or [other local vitamin A-rich fruits that are yellow or orange inside] 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213dd (required) CN26. Any other fruits such as [other local fruits] 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213ee (required) CN27. Liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from domesticated animals such as cow, pig, goat, chicken or duck 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213ff (required) CN28. Any meat from domesticated animals such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, or duck 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213gg (required) CN29. Liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from wild animals, such as birds, wild pigeons, wild fowl, wild boar, monkey, rodents, wild goat 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213hh (required) CN30. Any flesh from wild animals, such as birds, wild pigeons, wild fowl, wild boar, monkey, rodents, wild goat 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213ii (required) CN31. Eggs 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know Field Question Answer bl_1213jj (required) CN32. Fresh or dried fish, shellfish, or seafood 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213kk (required) CN33. Any foods made from beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, peanut paste or other legumes such as [local legumes] 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213ll (required) CN34. Any foods made from nuts and seeds such as pumpkin seeds, cashews, jackfruit [local nuts and seeds] 1 Yes 0 No Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 15 Field Question Answer 999 Don't know bl_1213mm (required) CN35. Cheese, yogurt, or other milk products 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213nn (required) CN36. Any oil, fats, or butter, or foods made with any of these 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213oo (required) CN37. Any sugary foods such as chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries, cakes, or biscuits 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213pp (required) CN38. Condiments for flavor, such as chilies, spices, herbs, or fish powder 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213qq (required) CN39. Grubs, snails, or insects 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213rr (required) CN40. Foods made with red palm oil, red palm nut, or red palm nut pulp sauce 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213ss (required) CN41. Did [child_name] eat any solid, semisolid, or soft foods yesterday during the day or at night? 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_1213ss_type (required) CN42. What kind of solid, semi-solid, or soft foods did [child_name] eat? bl_1213tt (required) CN43. How many times did [child_name] eat solid, semi-solid, or soft foods other than liquids yesterday during the day or at night? Check > Titukulane Survey > Module D: CHILDREN'S NUTRITION STATUS AND FEEDING PRACTICE > Percent of children under age five who had diarrhea in the prior two weeks and Percent of children under five years old with diarrhea treated with Oral Rehydration Therapy bl_14a (required) CN44. Has [child_name] had diarrhea in the last 2 weeks? DIARRHEA IS DEFINED AS 3 OR MORE WATERY STOOLS THE TERM(S) USED FOR DIARRHEA SHOULD ENCOMPASS THE EXPRESSIONS USED FOR ALL FORMS OF DIARRHEA, INCLUDING BLOODY STOOLS (CONSISTENT WITH DYSENTRY), WATERY STOOLS, ETC. DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know Check > Titukulane Survey > Module D: CHILDREN'S NUTRITION STATUS AND FEEDING PRACTICE > Percent of children under age five who had diarrhea in the prior two weeks and Percent of children under five years old with diarrhea treated with Oral Rehydration Therapy > Child had diarrhea bl_14b (required) CN45. Was there any blood in the stools? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_14c (required) 1 Much less 2 Somewhat less IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 16 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer CN46. Now I would like to know how much [child_name] was given to drink during the diarrhea (including breastmilk). Was he/she given less than usual to drink, about the same amount, or more than usual to drink? IF LESS, PROBE: Was he/she given much less than usual to drink or somewhat less? 3 About the same 4 More 5 Nothing to drink 999 Don't know bl_14d (required) CN47. When [child_name] had diarrhea, was he/she given less than usual to eat, about the same amount, more than usual, or nothing to eat? IF LESS, PROBE: Was he/she given much less than usual to eat or somewhat less? PROBE 1 Much less 2 Somewhat less 3 About the same 4 More 5 Nothing to eat 999 Don't know Check > Titukulane Survey > Module D: CHILDREN'S NUTRITION STATUS AND FEEDING PRACTICE > Percent of children under age five who had diarrhea in the prior two weeks and Percent of children under five years old with diarrhea treated with Oral Rehydration Therapy > Child had diarrhea > Percent of children under five years old with diarrhea treated with Oral Rehydration Therapy bl_15_note CN48. Was he/she given any of the following to drink at any time since he/she started having the diarrhea: bl_15a (required) CN49.a) A fluid made from a special packet called [LOCAL NAME FOR ORS PACKET]? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_15b (required) CN50. b) A pre-packaged ORS liquid? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No Field Question Answer bl_15c (required) CN51. c) A government-recommended homemade fluid? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know cust_1a (required) CN52. During pregnancy, what are some important nutritional supplements? 1 Iron 2 Folic acid -99 Don’t know - 666 Other, specify cust_1a_spec (required) CN52a. Specify cust_1b (required) CN53. For children under 6 months of age, what should they normally be fed? 1 Breastmilk - 999 Don’t know - 666 Other, specify: cust_1b_spec (required) CN53a. Specify cust_1c (required) CN54. For children under 5 years of age, what is an important treatment for diarrhea? 1 ORT/ORS/thanzi - 999 Don’t know Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 17 Field Question Answer - 666 Other, specify: cust_1c_spec (required) CN54a. Specify resp_diat_c (required) CN55. Who was the respondent for this Module? 1 ... 2 Respondent Check > Titukulane Survey > Module E: WOMEN'S HEALTH, NUTRITIONAL STATUS. DIETARY DIVERSITY AND FAMILY PLANNING mod_e_name I would like to ask questions about nutrition to [womnutrition_name]. Check > Titukulane Survey > Module E: WOMEN'S HEALTH, NUTRITIONAL STATUS. DIETARY DIVERSITY AND FAMILY PLANNING > Percent of women of reproductive age consuming a diet of minimum diversity (RiA) bl_11a WN2. Now I would like to ask you about liquids or foods that you/woman selected ate yesterday during the day or at night. I am interested in whether you had the item even if it was combined with other foods. For example, if you ate a millet porridge made with a mixed vegetable sauce, you should reply yes to any food I ask about that was an ingredient in the porridge or sauce. Please do not include any food used in a small amount for seasoning or condiments (like chilies, spices, herbs, or fish powder), I will ask you about those foods separately. bl_11b (required) WN3. Food made from grains, such as bread, rice, noodles, porridge, or [other local grain food] 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_11c (required) WN4. Pumpkin, carrots, squash, sweet potatoes or [other local yellow/orange root crops] or any other foods made from dark yellow or orangefleshed roots or tubers 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_11d (required) WN5. White potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, [other local root crops], or any other foods made from roots or tubers 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_11e (required) WN6. Any dark green leafy vegetables such as [local dark green leafy vegetables] 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_11f (required) WN7. Any other vegetables such as [other local vegetables] 1 Yes 0 No 999 Don't know bl_11g WN8. Ripe mangoes, ripe papayas, or [other local vitamin A-rich fruits that are yellow or orange inside] 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11h (required) WN9. Any other fruits such as [other local fruits] 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11i (required) WN10. Liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from domesticated animals such as cow, pig, goat, chicken or duck 1 Yes 0 No IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 18 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer - 999 Don't know bl_11j (required) WN11. Any meat from domesticated animals such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, or duck 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11k (required) WN12. Liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from wild animals, such as birds, wild pigeons, wild fowl, wild boar, monkey, rodents, wild goat? 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11l (required) WN13. Any flesh from wild animals, such as birds, wild pigeons, wild fowl, wild boar, monkey, rodents, wild goat? 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11m (required) WN14. Eggs 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know Field Question Answer bl_11n (required) WN15. Fresh or dried fish, shellfish, or seafood 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11o (required) WN16. Any foods made from beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, peanut paste or other legumes such as [local legumes] 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11p (required) WN17. Any foods made from nuts and seeds such as pumpkin seeds, cashews, jackfruit [local nuts and seeds] 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11q (required) WN18. Milk, cheese, yogurt, or other milk products 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11r (required) WN19. Any oil, fats, or butter, or foods made with any of these 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11s (required) WN20. Any sugary foods such as chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries, cakes, or biscuits 1 Yes 0 No Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 19 Field Question Answer - 999 Don't know bl_11t (required) WN21. Condiments for flavor, such as chilies, spices, herbs, or fish powder 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11u (required) WN22. Grubs, snails, or insects 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_11v (required) WN23. Foods made with red palm oil, red palm nut, or red palm nut pulp sauce 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know resp_diat_w (required) WN24. Who was the respondent for this Module? 1 ... 2 Respondent Check > Titukulane Survey > Module J: GENDER (CASH) mj Module J: Gender (Cash) rand_person_cash (required) Can I please ask you questions about [cal_rand_pers] 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module J: GENDER (CASH) > Percent of women and men in a union who earned cash in the past 12 months bl_32a (required) G1. Have you or [cal_rand_pers] done any work in the past 12 months? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module J: GENDER (CASH) > Percent of women and men in a union who earned cash in the past 12 months > Done any work bl_32b (required) G2. During the past 12 months, were you or [cal_rand_pers] usually paid in cash or kind for this work or were you not paid at all? 1 cash only 2 cash and kind 3 in kind only 4 not paid modj_a (required) G3. When you or [cal_rand_pers] were paid in cash for this work, was the payment usually made directly to you, to your spouse/partner or to someone else in your household? 1 respondent 2 spouse/partner 3 somone else in household (specify) 4 Other (specify) modj_a1 (required) G3. When you or [cal_rand_pers] were paid in cash for this work, was the payment usually made directly to you, to your spouse/partner or to someone else in your household? modj_a2 (required) G3a. specify in household IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 20 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer modj_b (required) G3b. specify other 1 Yes 0 No modj_c (required) G4. Do you or [cal_rand_pers] usually discuss with someone about how the cash you earn will be used? 1 spouse/partner 2 somone else in household (specify) 3 Other (specify) modj_c1 (required) G5. With whom do you or [cal_rand_pers] usually talk about how the cash you earn will be used? CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY. FOR RESPONSES B AND C, SPECIFY THE RELATIONSHIP TO THE RESPONDENT. modj_c2 (required) G5a. specify in household Check > Titukulane Survey > Module J: GENDER (CASH) > Percent of women in union and earning cash who report participation in decisions about the use of self￾earned cash and Percent of men in union and earning cash who report spouse/partner participation in decisions about the use of self-earned cash Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 21 Field Question Answer bl_35a (required) G6. Who usually decides how the cash you earn will be used? 1 yourself 2 spouse/partner 3 yourself and spouse/partner jointly 4 youself and other jointly (specify) 5 other (specify) bl_35a1 (required) G6a. specify other bl_35a2 (required) G6a. specify other bl_35b (required) G6b. specify other 1 yourself 2 spouse/partner 3 yourself and spouse/partner jointly 4 youself and other jointly (specify) 5 other (specify) bl_35b1 (required) G7. Who usually makes decisions about making major household purchases? bl_35b2 (required) G7a. specify other Check > Titukulane Survey > Module J: GENDER (CASH) > Percent of women in union and earning cash who report participation in decisions about the use of spouse/partner's self-earned cash bl_34a (required) G8. Has your spouse/partner done any work in the last 12 months? Work includes jobs in the formal or informal sector, full time, part time, or seasonal work that is done within or outside the home. It includes, but is not limited to agricultural daily wage labor, off-farm daily wage labor, income generation activities, sale of goods produced or processed outside the home or at the home, homestead garden or farm, for instance vegetables, eggs, fish, livestock, artisanal goods, or petty trading. For this question, work does not include participating in cash for work, food for work, or conditional transfers or productive safety net programs. It does not include either caring for own children, cooking, cleaning or doing other routine chores for own household, for instance, fetching water, collecting firewood or being involved in agricultural production solely for household consumption. 1 Yes 0 No - 999 Don't know bl_34b (required) G9. During the last 12 months, was he usually paid in cash or kind for this work or was he not paid at all? 1 cash only 2 cash and kind 3 in kind only 4 not paid bl_34c (required) G10. Who usually decides how the cash he earns will be used? 1 yourself 2 spouse/partner 3 yourself and spouse/partner jointly 4 youself and other jointly (specify) 5 other (specify) bl_34c1 (required) G10a. specify other bl_34c2 (required) G10b. specify other Check > Titukulane Survey > Module X: FEMALE EMPOWERMENT ques Now I am going to ask you questions about [cal_rand_pers] wm_empwr_purch_m FE1. When a bigger purchase is made by the household, is your partner's opinion listened to in the decision of what to buy? FO: ask the question the way is it if the respondent is male and use "you..." if the respondent is female 1 Yes, always 2 Yes, usually 3 Yes, sometimes 4 Rarely 5 Very rarely 6 Never IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 22 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer - 998 Don't know - 999 Refuse to answer wm_empwr_cloth_m FE2. Does your partner have to ask the permission of other household members to buy: Clothing for herself FO: ask the question the way is it if the respondent is male and use "you..." if the respondent is female 1 Yes 0 No 2 Have never bought - 777 Refused to answer wm_empwr_mrkt_m FE3. Is your partner allowed to buy things in the market without asking your permission? FO: ask the question the way is it if the respondent is male and use "you..." if the respondent is female 1 Yes, always 2 Yes, usually 3 Yes, sometimes 4 Rarely 5 Very rarely 6 Never - 998 Don't know - 999 Refuse to answer wm_empwr_talk_m FE4. Is your partner permitted to visit women in other villages to talk with them? FO: ask the question the way is it if the respondent is male and use "you..." if the respondent is female 1 Never 2 Yes, but never alone 3 Yes, alone, with permission 4 Yes, alone, do not need permission - 997 Not applicable - 999 Refused to answer Check > Titukulane Survey > Module H: HOUSEHOLD SOURCES OF INCOME Check > Titukulane Survey > Module H: HOUSEHOLD SOURCES OF INCOME Field Question Answer note_b Now I would like to ask you about your household's sources of income hh_income_source (required) HSI1. What were the sources of your household’s food or income over the last 12 months? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Farming/crop production and sales 2 Livestock production/fattening and sales 3 Agricultural wage labor 4 Non-agricultural wage labor 5 Salaried work 6 Sale of wild/bush products (including charcoal, firewood) 7 Pension 8 Other self￾employment/own business (agricultural, e.g., buying/reselling chat) 9 Other self￾employment/own business (non￾agricultural, Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 23 Field Question Answer e.g., stone cutting, hair braiding, etc) 10 Rental of land, house, rooms 11 Remittances 12 Gifts/inheritance 13 Safety net food/cash assistance 14 Artisanal mining/quarrying - 666 Other (specify): 0 None hh_incomesource_other (required) HSI1a. Specify first_income (required) HSI2. Which of these was the most important for your household over the past 12 months? READ OUT THE OPTIONS 1 Farming/crop production and sales 2 Livestock production/fattening and sales 3 Agricultural wage labor 4 Non-agricultural wage labor 5 Salaried work 6 Sale of wild/bush products (including charcoal, firewood) 7 Pension 8 Other self￾employment/own business (agricultural, e.g., buying/reselling chat) 9 Other self￾employment/own business (non￾agricultural, e.g., stone cutting, hair braiding, etc) 10 Rental of land, house, rooms 11 Remittances 12 Gifts/inheritance 13 Safety net food/cash assistance 14 Artisanal mining/quarrying - 666 Other (specify): 0 None first_income_spec (required) HSI2a. Specify IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 24 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer second_income (required) HSI3. Which of these was the second most important for your household over the past 12 months? READ OUT THE OPTIONS 1 Farming/crop production and sales 2 Livestock production/fattening and sales 3 Agricultural wage labor 4 Non-agricultural wage labor 5 Salaried work 6 Sale of wild/bush products (including charcoal, firewood) 7 Pension 8 Other self￾employment/own business (agricultural, e.g., buying/reselling chat) 9 Other self￾employment/own business (non￾agricultural, e.g., stone cutting, hair braiding, etc) 10 Rental of land, house, rooms 11 Remittances 12 Gifts/inheritance 13 Safety net food/cash assistance 14 Artisanal mining/quarrying - 666 Other (specify): 0 None second_income_spec (required) HSI3a. Specify cash_source (required) HSI4. What was the most important source of your household's cash income over the last 12 months? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Farming/crop production and sales 2 Livestock production/fattening and sales 3 Agricultural wage labor 4 Non-agricultural wage labor 5 Salaried work 6 Sale of wild/bush products (including charcoal, firewood) 7 Pension 8 Other self￾employment/own business (agricultural, e.g., buying/reselling chat) 9 Other self￾employment/own business (non￾agricultural, e.g., stone cutting, hair braiding, etc) Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 25 Field Question Answer 10 Rental of land, house, rooms 11 Remittances 12 Gifts/inheritance 13 Safety net food/cash assistance 14 Artisanal mining/quarrying - 666 Other (specify): 0 None cash_source_ot (required) HSI4a. Specify Check > Titukulane Survey > Module I: FOOD CONSUMPTION SCORE (FCS) fd_intro I will now ask you about different foods that YOU or OTHER MEMEBERS of your household consumed in the past seven days food_cons_intro Over the past one week (7 days), how many days did you or others in your household consume any [...]? fc1 (required) FC1. Cereals, Grains and Cereal Products (Maize Grain/Flour; Green Maize; Rice; Finger Millet ; Pearl Millet; Sorghum; Wheat Flour; Bread; Pasta; Other Cereal) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. fc2 (required) FC2 .Roots, Tubers, and Plantains (Cassava Tuber/Flour; Sweet Potato; Irish Potato; Other Tuber/Plantain) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. fc3 (required) FC3. Nuts and Pulses (Bean; Pigeon Pea; Macademia Nut; Groundnut; Ground Bean; Cow Pea; Other Nut/Pulse) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. Field Question Answer fc4 (required) FC4. Vegetables (Onion; Cabbage; Tanaposi; Nkhwani; Wild Green Leaves; Tomato; Cucumber; Other Vegetables/Leaves) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. fc5 (required) FC5. Meat, Fish and Animal Products (Egg; Dried/Fresh/Smoked Fish (Excluding Fish Sauce/Powder); Beef; Goat Meat; Pork; Poultry; Other Meat) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. fc6 (required) FC6. Fruits (Mango; Banana; Avocado; Citrus; Pineapple; Papaya; Guava; Other Fruit) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. fc7 (required) FC7. Milk/Milk Products (Fresh/Powdered/Soured Milk; Yogurt; Cheese; Other Milk Product – Excluding Margarine/Butter or Small Amounts of Milk for Tea/Coffee) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. fc8 (required) FC8 Fats/Oil (Cooking Oil; Butter; Margarine; Other Fat/Oil) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. fc9 (required) FC9. Sugar/Sugar Products/Honey (Sugar; Sugar Cane; Honey; Jam; Jelly; Sweets/Candy/Chocolate; Other Sugar Product) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. fc10 (required) FC10. Spices/Condiments (Tea; Cocoa/Millop; Salt; Spices; Yeast/Baking Powder; Tomato Sauce; Hot Sauce; Fish Powder; Fish Sauce; Other Condiment - Including Small Amounts of Milk for Tea) IF NOT CONSUMED, RECORD ZERO. Check > Titukulane Survey > Module K: FOOD INSECURITY SCALE (FIES) fies_note Now I would like to ask you some questions about your food consumption during the last 12 MONTHS. fies_1 (required) FIES1. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household were worried you would not have enough food to eat because of a lack of money or other resources? READ EACH QUESTION AS WRITTEN. 1 Yes 0 No fies_2 (required) FIES2. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household were unable to eat healthy and nutritious food because of a lack of money or other resources? READ EACH QUESTION AS WRITTEN. 1 Yes 0 No fies_3 (required) FIES3. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household ate only a few kinds of foods because of a lack of money or other resources? READ EACH QUESTION AS WRITTEN. 1 Yes 0 No fies_4 (required) 1 Yes IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 26 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer FIES4. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household had to skip a meal because there was not enough money or other resources to get food? READ EACH QUESTION AS WRITTEN. 0 No fies_5 (required) FIES5. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household ate less than you thought you should because of a lack of money or other resources? READ EACH QUESTION AS WRITTEN. 1 Yes 0 No fies_6 (required) FIES6. During the past 12 months, was there a time when your household did not have food because of a lack of money or other resources? READ EACH QUESTION AS WRITTEN. 1 Yes 0 No fies_7 (required) FIES7. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household were hungry but did not eat because there was not enough money or other resources for food? READ EACH QUESTION AS WRITTEN. 1 Yes 0 No fies_8 (required) FIES8. During the past 12 months, was there a time when you or others in your household went without eating for a whole day because of a lack of money or other resources? READ EACH QUESTION AS WRITTEN. 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > MODULE L: ASSETS OWNERSHIP Check > Titukulane Survey > MODULE L: ASSETS OWNERSHIP > ASSETS note_asset Now, I would like to ask you about the productive assets that you have in your household. Please tell me only about those items in working condition. asset_own_list (required) A01.Do you or does someone in your household own one of these items? 516 Bicycle 517 Motorcycle/scooter 522 Upholstered chair, sofa set 502 Bed 509 Television 521 Beer-brewing drum 5081 Radio with flash drive/micro CD 507 Radio ('wireless') 531 Solar panel 0 None Check > Titukulane Survey > MODULE L: ASSETS OWNERSHIP > ASSETS > [asset_name] (1) (Repeated group) Check > Titukulane Survey > MODULE L: ASSETS OWNERSHIP > ASSETS > [asset_name] (1) > Asset quantity and value asset_number (required) A02. How many [asset_name]s does your household own at present? hh_rooms (required) A03. How many separate rooms do the members of your household occupy? DO NOT COUNT BATHROOMS, TOILETS, STOREROOMS, OR GARAGE) Check > Titukulane Survey > MODULE L: ASSETS OWNERSHIP > Livestock structure lstock_note Now, we are going to talk about livestock structure. lstockassets (required) A04.Do you or your household members have one of these livestock structures? 1 Bird Pen/Coop 2 Goat house/goat pen 3 Pigsty/pigpen 4 Cow house/corral -666 Other asset 0 None 888 (Prefer not to answer) Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 27 Field Question Answer -888 (Prefer not to answer) lstockassets_osp (required) A04a. Specify other: livestock asset Check > Titukulane Survey > Module M: PPI CONSUMPTION item_consum (required) PPI1. Over the past one week (7 days), did you or others in your household consume any …? INCLUDE FOOD BOTH EATEN COMMUNALLY IN THE HOUSEHOLD AND THAT EATEN SEPARATELY BY INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS. 1 Maize flour (ufa mgaiwa/normal, ufa refined/fine, or ufa madeya/bran) 2 Rice 3 Bread (Not including buns, scones, or biscuits) 4 Eggs 5 Sugar (Not including sugar cane) 6 Cooking Oil 7 Tea 8 Buns & Scones 9 Sweet Potato (including Orange and White Sweet Potato) 10 Irish Potato 11 White Beans 12 Brown Beans 13 Pigeonpea (nandolo) 14 Groundnut Flour 15 Soyabean flour 16 Onion 17 Cabbage 18 Tomato 19 Pumpkin 20 Dried Fish (include small, medium, & large variety) 21 Beef Meat 22 Goat Meat 23 Chicken Meat (Not including other poultry - guinea fowl, doves, duck, etc.) 24 Banana 25 Fresh Milk (Not including powdered milk) 26 Sugar Cane 27 Mandazi, doughnut (vendor) 28 Thobwa IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 28 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer 29 Green Maize Check > Titukulane Survey > Module M: PPI CONSUMPTION > cons Check > Titukulane Survey > Module M: PPI CONSUMPTION > cons > [item_label] (1) (Repeated group) totol_cons PPI2. How much [item_label] in total did your household consume in the past week? cons_quant (required) PPI2a.Quantity of [item_label] Field Question Answer cons_unit (required) PPI2b.Unit of [item_label] 1 KILOGRAMME 2 PAIL SMALL 3 PAIL MEDIUM 4 PAIL LARGE 5 No 10 PLATE FLAT 6 No 10 PLATE HEAPED 7 No 12 PLATE FLAT 8 No 12 PLATE HEAPED 9 BUNCH SMALL 10 BUNCH MEDIUM 11 BUNCH LARGE 12 PIECE SMALL 13 PIECE MEDIUM 14 PIECE LARGE 15 HEAP 16 HEAP SMALL 17 HEAP MEDIUM 18 HEAP LARGE 19 LITRE 20 GRAM 21 MILLILITRE 22 TEASPOON 23 SATCHET/TUBE 24 SATCHET/TUBE SMALL 25 SATCHET/TUBE MEDIUM 26 SATCHET/TUBE LARGE 27 TINA FLAT 28 TINA HEAPED 29 5 LITRE BUCKET(Chigoba) 30 BASIN (SMALL) 31 BASIN (SMALL) FLAT 32 BASIN (SMALL) HEAPED 33 LOAF (300G) 34 LOAF (600G) 35 LOAF (700G) Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 29 Field Question Answer 36 PACKET (150G) 37 PACKET (400G) 38 PACKET (500G) 39 PACKET (1KG) 40 SATCHET/TUBE (25G) 41 SATCHET/TUBE (100G) 42 CLUSTER SMALL 43 CLUSTER MEDIUM 44 CLUSTER LARGE 45 PACKET(SMALL) 46 TABLESPOON 47 PACKET (250G) 48 PACKET (25g) 49 TIN 100G 50 TIN 250G 51 TIN 500G - 666 Other (specify) unit_specify (required) Specify Unit cons_cost (required) PPI3. How much would this amount cost if purchased? [item_label] in MWK Check > Titukulane Survey > Module N: LIVESTOCK livestock_owned (required) L1. Have you owned any livestock in the past 12 months? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module N: LIVESTOCK > WITH LIVESTOCK livestock_own (required) L2. Which livestock do you currently own? DO NOT READ THE ANSWERS 1 Chickens 2 Sheep Field Question Answer 3 Goats 4 Cows/heifers/calves 5 Oxen/bullocks 6 Ducks 7 Pigs 8 Donkey/mule/Horse 9 Rabbits 10 Turkeys 11 Pigeons 12 Guinea fowl -666 Others 0 None livestock_own_specify (required) L2a. Specify Check > Titukulane Survey > Module N: LIVESTOCK > WITH LIVESTOCK > [livestock_name] (1) (Repeated group) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 30 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer livestock_number (required) L3. How many [livestock_name] do you currently own? DO NOT PROMPT livestock_sold (required) L4. Have you sold any [livestock_name] in the past three months? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module O: FINANCIAL HEALTH fh1 (required) FH1. Now, imagine that you have an emergency and you need to pay MWK 10000 . What would be the MAIN source of money that you would use to come up with MWK 10000 within the NEXT 30 DAYS?" DO NOT PROMPT 1 Savings 2 Family, relatives, or friends 3 Money from formal work 4 Money from informal or piece work 5 Borrowing from a bank, employer, or private lender 6 Selling assets -666 Some other source 0 I could not come up with the money -999 Don't know -888 Refused fh1_spec (required) FH1a. Specify fh2 (required) FH2. How difficult would it be for you to come up with [MWK 10000 ] within the NEXT 30 DAYS? Would it be very difficult, somewhat difficult or not difficult at all? READ OUT THE OPTIONS 1 Very difficult 2 Somewhat difficult 3 Not difficult at all -999 (DK) -888 (Refused) fh3 (required) FH3. How difficult would it be for you to come up with [MWK 10000 ] within the NEXT 7 DAYS? Would it be very difficult, somewhat difficult or not difficult at all? READ OUT THE OPTIONS 1 Very difficult 2 Somewhat difficult 3 Not difficult at all -999 (DK) -888 (Refused) Check > Titukulane Survey > Module P: BASIC FARMING note_basic_farming I will now ask you different questions about farming own_anyland (required) BF1. Do you own any land, not including plot with home? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module P: BASIC FARMING > Own any land n_of_plots BF1. What is the total area of all other land you own? plot_area (required) BF1a. Area plot_unit (required) BF1b. Unit 1 Acre 2 Hectare 3 Square Meters 4 Yards cultivated (required) BF2. Did you cultivate anything in last 12 months? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module P: BASIC FARMING > cultivation crops_cultivated (required) BF3. What did your household cultivate in the last rainy season? 1 Bean Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 31 Field Question Answer 2 Rice Field Question Answers 3 Maize 4 Sorghum/millet 5 Wheat 6 Cassava 7 Sweet potatoes 8 Irish potatoes 9 Soybeans 10 Groundnuts 11 Sunflower 12 Tomatoes 13 Pigeon peas 14 Ground beans (Mzama) 15 Cotton 16 Sugar cane 17 Vegetables 18 Paprika 19 Tobacco -666 Other other_crops (required) BF3a. Specify Check > Titukulane Survey > Module P: BASIC FARMING > cultivation > crop_sale Check > Titukulane Survey > Module P: BASIC FARMING > cultivation > crop_sale > sold_crops (1) (Repeated group) sale_any (required) BF4. Did you sell any of the [crop_name] you grew? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No sell_than_half (required) BF5. Did you sell more than half of the total output of [crop_name]? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No main_buyer (required) BF6. Who was the main buyer? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Local trader not at market, 2 Local trader at market 3 Out-of-town mobile trader 4 Regional market 5 Relative/Friend 6 Agricultural Cooperative -666 Other main_buyer_spec (required) BF6a. Specify sales_anyone_else (required) BF7. Did you sell to anyone else? 1 Yes 0 No who_else (required) BF7a. who else did you sell to? 1 Local trader not at market, 2 Local trader at market 3 Out-of-town mobile trader IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 32 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answers 4 Regional market 5 Relative/Friend 6 Agricultural Cooperative -666 Other who_els_spec (required) Specify first_main_crop (required) BF7. What is the most important crop you cultivated in the last rainy season? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Bean 2 Rice 3 Maize 4 Sorghum/millet 5 Wheat 6 Cassava 7 Sweet potatoes 8 Irish potaotes 9 Soybeans 10 Groundnuts 11 Sunflower 12 Tomatoes 13 Pigeon peas 14 Ground beans (Mzama) 15 Cotton 16 Sugar cane 17 Vegetables 18 Paprika 19 Tobacco -666 Other second_main_crop (required) BF8. What is the second most important crop you cultivated in the last rainy season? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Bean 2 Rice 3 Maize 4 Sorghum/millet 5 Wheat 6 Cassava 7 Sweet potatoes 8 Irish potaotes 9 Soybeans 10 Groundnuts 11 Sunflower 12 Tomatoes 13 Pigeon peas 14 Ground beans (Mzama) 15 Cotton 16 Sugar cane 17 Vegetables 18 Paprika 19 Tobacco Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 33 Field Question Answers -666 Other third_main_crop (required) BF9. What is the third most important crop you cultivated in the last rainy season? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Bean 2 Rice 3 Maize 4 Sorghum/millet 5 Wheat 6 Cassava 7 Sweet potatoes 8 Irish potaotes 9 Soybeans 10 Groundnuts 11 Sunflower 12 Tomatoes 13 Pigeon peas 14 Ground beans (Mzama) 15 Cotton 16 Sugar cane 17 Vegetables 18 Paprika 19 Tobacco -666 Other cultivated_dryseason (required) BF10. Have you been cultivating any land in this dry season? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No dryseason_crops (required) BF11. What crops have you been cultivating in the dry season? DO NOT PROMPT 1 tomatoes, 2 Onions 3 Cabbage 4 Green maize 5 Carrots 6 Water melon 7 Beans 8 Peas 9 Rice 10 Sweet potatoes 11 Cassava 12 Cauliflowe, broccoli & lettuce 13 Egg plants 14 Strawberries -666 Other(specify) dry_crops_spec (required) BF11a. Specify irrigration_type (required) BF12. What type of irrigation have you been using? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Water can 2 Hose pipe 3 Sprinkler 4 Drip irrigation IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 34 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answers 5 Flooding 6 Treadle pump -666 Other, specify irrigation_type_spec (required) BF12a. Specify DO NOT PROMPT DO NOT PROMPT Field Question Answers farmer_group (required) BF14. Are you a member of farmer group/cooperative (mabungwe alimi)? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module P: BASIC FARMING > cultivation > OUTPUT AND SALES LAST RAINY SEASON > Member of farmer Group farmers_together (required) BF15. Did you get together with other farmers in the last rainy season to organize some of your sales as a group? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No sales_activity (required) BF16. What did you do to organize your sales as a group? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Find markets or buyers with good prices 2 Share transport to market 3 Call buyer to pick up crop 4 Negotiate prices - 666 Other(specify) other_activity (required) BF16a. Specify Check > Titukulane Survey > Module P: BASIC FARMING > cultivation > INPUTS IN THE LAST RAINY SEASON note_inputs Now, I would like to talk about farming inputs during the last rainy season. In the last rainy season, did you... In the last rainy season organic_fertilizer (required) BF17. ...use any organic fertilizer? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No inorganic_fertilizer (required) BF18. ...use any inorganic fertilizer? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No packed_seeds (required) BF19. ...use any packed seeds? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No pestcides_herbicides (required) BF20. ...use any pesticides or herbicides? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No hire_labor (required) BF21. ...hire any labor to help with any farming tasks? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No rent_equipment (required) BF22. ... rent any of farming equipment such as ox cart, tractor, hand plough, ridger or other major farming equipment? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No rent_farmanimal (required) BF23. ... rent any of farming animals such as cattle or donkey? 1 Yes Check > Titukulane Survey > Module P: BASIC FARMING > cultivation > OUTPUT AND SALES LAST RAINY SEASON maize_output (required) BF13. How many bags of maize did you harvest in the last rainy season? Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 35 Field Question Answers DO NOT PROMPT 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module P: BASIC FARMING > OFF-FARM BUSINESS biz_intro1 Now, I would like to ask you about any business you or anyone in your household engages in. I mean all other sources of income of the household that have not been mentioned yet, such as shops or trades for instance. Household non-agricultural income-generating businesses include those that produce or trade goods or services, including owning a shop or operating a trading business, no matter how small. Enterprises might include, for example, retail shop, petty trade, sell second-hand clothes, etc. hhdoesbiz (required) BF24. Do you or anyone in your household current operate a business? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No biz_number (required) BF25. Are you engaged in more than one business? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No years_biz (required) BF26. How many years have you been operating the (main) business? DO NOT PROMPT biz_invetory (required) BF27. Is the current value of the inventory and other assets of your (main) business more than MWK 50,000? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No biz_property BF28. Do you own the place or building which you operate your business from? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE bl21n Percent of producers who have applied improved management practices or technologies bl21_practices (required) AG13. Did you use any of these practices for cultivation in the PAST 12 MONTHS? READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Manure 2 Mulching 3 Weed Control 4 Crop Rotation 5 Intercropping 6 Application of locally￾made pesticides 7 Early planting or planting with first rains 8 Use of modern (hybrid or improved) crop varieties 9 Regular monitoring of crop for pests 10 Physically removing pests 11 Introducing insects to remove pests 0 Did not use any of these practices Field Question Answer Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > sampl Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > sampl > [bl21_practice_name] (1) (Repeated group) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 36 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer bl21_crops (required) Did you use [bl21_practice_name] on....? READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Rice 2 Beans 3 Maize 4 Pigeon peas 0 None of the above Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > sampl > [bl21_practice_name] (1) > [crop_nam] (1) (Repeated group) land_quant_note How much land that you have used for this technology [bl21_practice_name] for in last 12 months on [crop_nam]? area_by_crop (required) Quantity unit_by_crop (required) Unit 1 Acre 2 Hectare 3 Square Meters 4 Yards Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > sampl > animal Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > sampl > animal > Livestock practices lv_practice_note Did you use any of the following practices when you cared for the livestock during the past 12 months..... bl21d_1 (required) LVP1. Vaccinations 1 Yes 0 No bl21d_2 (required) LVP2. Homemade animal feeds made of locally available products 1 Yes 0 No bl21d_3 (required) LVP3. Animal feed supplied by stock feed manufacturer 1 Yes 0 No bl21d_4 LVP4. The services of community animal health worker 1 Yes 0 No bl21d_5 LVP5. The services of agricultural extension development officer 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > sampl > animal > Own Chicken oc_note Did you use any of the following practices when you cared for the chicken during the past 12 months bl21e_c1 (required) OC1. Vaccinations 1 Yes 0 No bl21e_c2 (required) OC2. Homemade animal feeds made of locally available products 1 Yes 0 No bl21e_c3 (required) OC3. Animal feed supplied by stock feed manufacturer 1 Yes 0 No bl21e_c4 (required) OC4. The services of community animal health extension worker 1 Yes 0 No bl21e_c5 (required) OC5. The services of a gov animal health extension worker 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > sampl > animal > Own Goats og_note Did you use any of the following practices when you cared for the goats during the past 12 months bl21e_g1 OG1. The services of community animal health workers 1 Yes 0 No bl21e_g2 (required) OG2. Used the services of agricultural extension development officer 1 Yes Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 37 Field Question Answer 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > Module R: M38: ACCESS TO TARGETED PUBLIC SERVICES m38_1need (required) M38_1. In the past 12 month, at any point were you in need of advice on 1 Agriculture 2 Animal health 3 Human health and nutrition 0 None Field Question Answer m38_note2 Access m38_2 (required) M38_2. Were you able to access advice on agriculture from an government extension worker when you needed it? 1 Yes 0 No m38_3 (required) M38_3. Were you able to access advice on animal health from an gov or a community animal health extension worker when you needed it? 1 Yes 0 No m38_4 (required) M38_4. Were you able to access advice on health and nutrition from a government or a community health worker when you needed it? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > Module R: M38: ACCESS TO TARGETED PUBLIC SERVICES > Use: services from government extension works m38_5 (required) m38_5. Did you receive any advice from a government extension worker in the past 12 month? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > Module R: M38: ACCESS TO TARGETED PUBLIC SERVICES > Use: services from government extension works > Services used from government extension worker m38_note4 Did you receive advice on..... m38_5a (required) M38_5A. Climate smart agriculture 1 Yes 0 No m38_5b (required) M38_5B. Prevention of pests and diseases without applying chemicals 1 Yes 0 No m38_5c (required) M38_5C. Soil and water conservation 1 Yes 0 No m38_5d (required) M38_5D. where to buy inputs 1 Yes 0 No m38_5e (required) M38_5E. where to sell your output 1 Yes 0 No m38_5f (required) M38_5F. prices for your output 1 Yes 0 No m38_5g (required) M38_5G. farming practices 1 Yes 0 No m38_5h (required) M38_5H. handling of crop after harvest 1 Yes 0 No m38_6 (required) M38_6. Did you receive any advice from a government animal health extension worker in the past 12 months? 1 Yes 0 No m38_7 (required) M38_7. Did you receive any advice from a community animal health extension worker in the past 12 months? 1 Yes 0 No m38_8 (required) 1 Yes IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 38 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer M38_8. Did you receive any advice from a government health and nutrition worker in the past 12 months? 0 No m38_9 (required) M38_9. Did you receive any advice from a community health and nutrition extension worker in the past 12 months? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > Module R: M38: ACCESS TO TARGETED PUBLIC SERVICES > Use of services from a government or community health and nutrition extension m38_9note Did you receive advice on.... m38_9a (required) M38_9A. ....maternal nutrition during pregnancy 1 Yes 0 No m38_9b (required) M38_9B. ...infant feeding 1 Yes 0 No m38_9c (required) M38_9C. ...feeding of young children 1 Yes 0 No m38_9d (required) M38_9D. ...family planning methods 1 Yes 0 No m38_10 (required) M38_10. Did you participate in cooking demonstrations for nutrition? 1 Yes 0 No m38_11 (required) M38_11. Were any of your children under five screened for malnutrition? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES nr_practices NR1. Did you use any of the following natural resource management practices or techniques that were not related directly to your on-farm production during the PAST 12 MONTHS? READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Management or protection of watersheds or water catchments Field Question Answer 2 Agro-forestry 3 Management of forest plantation 4 Regeneration of natural landscapes 5 Sustainable harvesting of forest products -666 Other 0 None nr_practices_spec (required) Specify Check > Titukulane Survey > Module G: AGRICULTURE > NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES > [nrpractice_name] (1) (Repeated group) nr_note How much area was [nrpractice_name] used on nrpractice_quantity NR2A. Quantity nr_practice_units NR2B. Unit 1 Acre 2 Hectare 3 Square Meters 4 Yards Check > Titukulane Survey > Module S: SAVINGS INFORMATION bl29_note Now, I would like to talk about saving. I would like to ask you about the places where you and other household members keep money for safekeeping. Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 39 Field Question Answer save_loc (required) S1. In the last 6 months, have you or someone from your household kept money at or with READ OUT OPTIONS 1 With family member outside the household 2 With a neighbor 3 With a friend 4 With a shopkeeper 5 Village Savings and Loans Association (VSLA) 6 Savings groups including SACCO, Unions, and other saving groups 7 Box in the household 8 In your pocket, your clothes or in a bag that you carry 9 Commercial bank 10 Mobile money 11 A secret place in your home -666 Other 0 No savings 888 (Prefer not to answer) save_loc_osp (required) S1a. Please specify: In what other location do you save money? DO NOT PROMPT Check > Titukulane Survey > Module S: SAVINGS INFORMATION > [saving_name] (1) (Repeated group) keeping_anysavings (required) S2. Are you currently keeping any [saving_name]? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No save_cash (required) S3. Would you say that you regularly save cash? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module T: LOANS bl_31 (required) L1. Have you taken out any loan from a bank or a microfinance institution or a sacco in the past 12 months? DO NOT PROMPT 1 Banks 2 Sacco 3 Microfinance institution 0 None Check > Titukulane Survey > Module U: PERCEIVED ECONOMIC LADDER SEC_satisfaction CANTRILL'S LADDER sec_satis_note Now, I would like to ask you some questions about your satisfaction with life. hh_econ_ladder (required) PL1. Now, assume that the top rung of the ladder (10) represents the best-off members of your community and that the lowest rung (1) are the poorest individuals. Where would you place your household on the ladder in terms of economic status? 1 1(lowest) 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10(highest) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 40 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer 999 Don't know 888 Refused to answer Field Question Answers Check > Titukulane Survey > Module U: PERCEIVED ECONOMIC LADDER > care_ladd future_relative_ses (required) PL2. Where do you think you will be on this ladder 5 years from now – in terms of your economic status? 1 1(lowest) 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10(highest) -999 Don't know -888 Refused to answer life_sat (required) PL3. How would you describe your satisfaction with life? The top rung of the ladder (10) represents very satisfied and the bottom of the ladder (1) represents very dissatisfied. On which step would you place yourself? 1 1(lowest) 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10(highest) -999 Don't know -888 Refused to answer future_life_sat (required) PL4. On the same ladder, which step do you believe you will be on in 5 years- in terms of self satisfaction? 1 1(lowest) 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 41 Field Question Answers 10 10(highest) -999 Don't know -888 Refused to answer Check > Titukulane Survey > Module V: MENTAL HEALTH generated_note_name_712 Now, I want to talk about how you feel. Please do not feel offended by the following questions. If at any time you feel uncomfortable, please let me know. We can skip any of the following questions at any time if you do not wish to answer. kessler_6_note I am going to read a list of questions about your feelings. I would like to know how often in the past 30 days that you felt this way: all of the time, most of the time, some of the time, a little of the time, none of the time. Check > Titukulane Survey > Module V: MENTAL HEALTH > Kessler 6 kessler_intro How often during the past 30 days did you feel: kessler_nervous (required) MH1. Nervous READ OUT OPTIONS 1 All of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Some of the time 4 A little of the time 5 None of the time -999 Don't know -888 Refused/skip kessler_hopeless (required) MH2. Hopeless READ OUT OPTIONS 1 All of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Some of the time Field Question Answer 4 A little of the time 5 None of the time -999 Don't know -888 Refused/skip kessler_restless (required) MH3. Restless or fidgety READ OUT OPTIONS 1 All of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Some of the time 4 A little of the time 5 None of the time -999 Don't know -888 Refused/skip kessler_depressed (required) MH4. So depressed that nothing could cheer you up READ OUT OPTIONS 1 All of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Some of the time 4 A little of the time 5 None of the time -999 Don't know -888 Refused/skip kessler_difficult (required) MH5. That everything was difficult 1 All of the time IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 42 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer READ OUT OPTIONS 2 Most of the time 3 Some of the time 4 A little of the time 5 None of the time -999 Don't know -888 Refused/skip kessler_worthless (required) MH6. Worthless READ OUT OPTIONS 1 All of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Some of the time 4 A little of the time 5 None of the time -999 Don't know -888 Refused/skip worried (required) MH7. During the past 12 months, did you ever have a period lasting 30 days or longer when most of the time you felt worried, tense, or anxious? 1 Yes 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module V: MENTAL HEALTH > MH8. Source and Frequency of Anxiety worried_source (required) MH9. What was the source of these worries or tensions? 1 Food shortage 2 Employment 3 Living space/Living situation 4 Health 5 Loan/Debt 6 Conflict with other 7 Domestic issues 8 Children's education 9 Clothing -666 Other -888 Skip worried_source_osp (required) MH10. What other source of worries? worried_still (required) MH11. Has that period ended or is it still going on? 0 Ended 1 Still going on 2 Still going on, but reduced -888 Refuses to say/skip worried_disrupt (required) MH12. How much did/do these worries interfere with your ability to carry out your normal activities - a lot, some, a little, or not at all? 1 A lot 2 Some 3 A little 4 Not at all -888 Refuses to say/skip seenhelp (required) MH13. During the last 12 months, have you visited a health facility or seen a health provider for reasons related to your worries? 1 Yes 0 No helpwhere (required) MH14. Which type of health facility did you visit or which type of health provider did you see? 1 Government hospital 2 Government referral hospital Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 43 Field Question Answer 3 Private hospital 3 Private hospital 4 Government health post 5 Private clinic 6 Pharmacy 7 NGO Clinic 8 Private qualified doctor 9 Private health officer 10 Private nurse 11 Unlicensed doctor 12 Traditional birth attendant/midwife 13 Community health worker/first aid provider 14 Traditional healer - 666 Other (Specify) - 888 Skip Field Question Answer helpwhere_osp (required) MH14a. Specify other: What other type of health facility / provider ? helpwhere_tradhealer (required) MH15. During the last 12 months, have you visited any traditional healer for reasons related to your worries? 1 Yes 0 No helpwhere_religious (required) MH16. During the last 12 months, have you visited any religious authority for reasons related to your worries? 1 Yes 0 No concerns (required) MH17. What are the issues that sometimes are reasons of concern for you? 1 Food shortage 2 Living situation 3 Loan/Debt 4 Health 5 Employment 6 Children's education 7 Clothing 8 Conflict with other 9 Domestic issues 0 Nothing -666 Other -888 Refused/Skip concerns_osp (required) MH17a. What other issue: skip_uncomfort (required) 1 Yes IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 44 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer MH18. Enumerator: Did you skip any questions in mental health because the respondent felt uncomfortable? 0 No Check > Titukulane Survey > Module V1: SELF-CONTROL sc_intro For each of the following statements, please say whether the statement describes you most of the time, some time, rarely or never sc1_habits (required) SC1. I have a hard time breaking bad habits. READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Most of the time 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never sc2_distracted (required) SC2. I get distracted easily. READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Most of the time 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never sc3_inappropriate (required) SC3. I say inappropriate things. READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Most of the time 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never sc4_refuse (required) SC4. I refuse things that are bad for me, even if they are fun. READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Most of the time 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never sc5_resist (required) SC5. I'm good at resisting temptation. READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Most of the time 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never sc6_selfdiscipline (required) SC6. People would say that I have very strong self-discipline READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Most of the time 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never Field Question Answer sc7_pleasure (required) SC7. Pleasure and fun sometimes keep me from getting work done. 1 Most of the time Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey 45 Field Question Answer READ OUT OPTIONS 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never sc8_feelgood (required) SC8. I do things that feel good in the moment but regret later on. READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Most of the time 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never sc9_stop (required) SC9. Sometimes I can't stop myself from doing something, even if I know it's wrong. READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Most of the time 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never sc10_alterantives (required) SC10. I often act without thinking through all the alternatives. READ OUT OPTIONS 1 Most of the time 2 Some time 3 Neither 4 Rarely 5 Never Check > Titukulane Survey > Module F: WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE (WASH) Check > Titukulane Survey > Module F: WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE (WASH) > Percent of households with soap and water at a handwashing station on premises bl_17a (required) WS1. Please show me where members of your household most often wash their hands. 1 Observed 2 Not observed, not in dwelling/yard/plot 3 Not observed, no permission to see 4 Not observed, other reason bl_17b (required) WS2. FO Observation only:Observe presence of water at the place for handwashing. Is water available? 1 Water is available 2 Water is not Available bl_17c (required) WS3. FO Observation only: Observe presence of soap, detergent, or other cleansing agent at the place for handwashing 1 Soap, ash, or detergent (bar, liquid, power, paste) 2 Mud or sand 3 Other cleansing agent 4 None bl_27 Percent of households with access to a basic sanitation service bl_27_intro Now, I would like to ask you some questions about your household's access and use of sanitation facilities. bl_27a (required) BL27A. What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? 1 Flush to piped sewer system 2 Flush to septic tank 3 Flush to pit latrine 4 Flush to somewhere else 5 Flush, don't know where 6 Ventilated improved pit latrine IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 46 Annex A: Titukulane Baseline Survey Field Question Answer 7 Covered Pit latrine with slab 8 Covered Pit latrine without slab/open pit 9 Uncovered pit latrine with slab 10 Uncovered pit latrine without slab/open pit 11 Composting toilet 12 Bucket toilet 13 Hanging toilet/hanging latrine 14 No facility/bush/field - 666 Other - 999 Don't know bl_27a_spec (required) Please specify: What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? towards_end We are almost at the end of conversation and I will ask you the last question Check > Titukulane Survey > Module R: RESILIENCE bl_24_note Percent of households that believe local government will respond effectively to future shocks and stresses Field Question Answer bl_24 (required) R1. Do you believe the government will respond effectively during the next shock or stress? READ OUT THE OPTIONS 1 Yes 0 No hhid_confirm2 (required) Confirm Respondent's unique ID no_consent (required) Reasons for not Participating 1 No adult person to answer the questions 2 The respondent is not capable of participating in the survey (drunk, too ill, etc…) 3 Busy and rescheduled - 888 Refused - 666 Other no_consent_ot (required) Specify Others gps Please, record your current location GPS coordinates can only be collected when outside. endcomment End Comment Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex B: Anthropometric Survey 47 ANNEX B: ANTHROPOMETRIC SURVEY Field Question Answer intronote WELCOME TO ANTHROPOMETRIC QUESTIONNAIRE scale_id Please enter the ID for the scale Enumerator copy the number that is on the scale fo_name Measurer, select your name date Today's Date hhid FO, please enter respondent's unique ID hhid_confirm Confirm Respondent's unique ID eligible distr_name Select the District name 304 Zomba 319 Mangochi ta_nam Select the TA name 1 Chikowi 2 Kuntumanji 3 Malemia 4 Nkapita 5 Mlumbe 6 Mwambo 7 Ntholowa 8 Chilipa 9 Chiunda 10 Chowe 11 Namabvi 12 Ntonda gvh_nam GVH Name gvh_uniqid gvh_name village_nam Village Name vil_uniqid village_name confirm_resp [enum], verify that you've found the right respondent before you proceed with the survey; Respondent's firstname: [firstname] Respondent's surname: [surname] TA: [ta_name] District: [district_name] Group Village Head: [gvh_name] Village: [village_name] Next of Kin: [next_of_kin] IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 48 Annex B: Anthropometric Survey Field Question Answer Relationship to HHH: [rel_hh_head] caregiver Please enter the name of the caregiver generated_note_name_47 [ENUMERATOR] The respondents should already have consented to the measures in the household survey but you need to confirm consent Did the respondent consent? 1 Yes 0 No consent_who [ENUMERATOR] Who consented? 1 Head of household: ..._...? 2 Caregiver different from Household Head 3 Someone in the HHH -666 Other, specify consent_explain_ot Why did they not consent? two_adults Are there two adults present to help with the anthropometric measures? 1 Yes 0 No eligible > cons generated_note_name_54 ENUMERATOR you are now going to enter all the children aged 0 to 59 months as they appear on the form left in the household by the enumerator who carried out the baseline survey. Do not forget any children. children_count How many children 0 -60 months in the household? eligible > cons > Children in the household between 0 and 59 months (1) (Repeated group) generated_note_name_58 Child #1 Copy the information from the tracking sheet childinfo_id ID childinfo_lastname Last name childinfo_firstname First name childinfo_nickname Nickname if any childinfo_gender Gender 0 Male 1 Female childinfo_age_year Age in Months Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex B: Anthropometric Survey 49 Field Question Answer eligible > cons > List of children Field Question Answer child_list List of children entered: 1 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... 5 ... 6 ... 7 ... 8 ... 9 ... 10 ... child_list_confirm Do you confirm? 1 Yes 0 No generated_note_name_83 Now, we would like to measure the height and the weight of the children eligible > cons > Children measurement (1) (Repeated group) child_selected Select the child you are going to measure If you want to measure older children first because they are easier to measure and will reassure others, then you can select them first. 1 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... 5 ... 6 ... 7 ... 8 ... 9 ... 10 ... child_confirm Please confirm that you are going to measure the child: Name: [child_name] Age [child_age_year] months Gender: [child_gender_label] 1 Yes 0 No IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 50 Annex B: Anthropometric Survey Field Question Answer child_present Is [child_name] present to be measured? 1 Yes 0 No child_absent_explain_ot Please explain why [child_name] is not present to be measured. eligible > cons > Children measurement (1) > Child is present child_weight_measured Are you able to measure [child_name] 's weight? 1 Yes 2 No, parent did not allow 3 No, child wouldn't allow eligible > cons > Children measurement (1) > Child is present > Child weight child_weight1 [child_name] 's Weight 1st measurement (Kg) child_weight2 [child_name] 's Weight 2nd measurement (Kg) child_weightcorr1 You entered [child_weight1] kg and [child_weight2] kg for the last two measurements. This is more than .5kg apart. Is this correct? 1 Yes 0 No generated_note_name_102 Please go back and correct the weight measurements child_weightdiff1_why_ot 8b. Why are these weights different? child_weight3 9. [child_name] 's Weight 3rd measurement (Kg) child_weightcorr2 The average of the first two weight measurements is [child_weightmean] kg and the third measurement was [child_weight3]kg. This is more than .5kg apart. Is this correct? 1 Yes 0 No generated_note_name_108 Please go back and correct the weight measurements child_weightdiff2_why_ot Why are these weights different? child_howchild_weight How was [child_name] during weighing? 1 Moved a lot/crying (difficult to read weight/height) 2 Child was calm and still (easy to read weight/ height) child_howweigh How did you weigh [child_name] ? 1 Weighed the child alone 2 Weighed the child with the mother (and subtracted child’s weight) child_height_measured Are you able to measure [child_name] height? 1 Yes 2 No, parent did not allow 3 No, child wouldn't allow Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex B: Anthropometric Survey 51 Field Question Answer eligible > cons > Children measurement (1) > Child is present > Child height child_height1 [child_name] 's Height 1st measurement (cm) child_height2 [child_name] 's Height 2nd measurement (cm) Field Question Answer child_heightcorr1 You entered [child_height1]cm and [child_height2]cm for the two height measurements. This is more than 1cm apart, is this correct? 1 Yes 0 No generated_note_name_119 Please go back and correct the height measurements child_heightdiff_why_ot Why are these heights different? child_height3 [child_name] 's Height 3rd measurement (cm) child_heightcorr2 The average of the first two height measurements is [child_heightmean] cm and the third measurement was [child_height3] cm. This is more than 1 cm apart. Is this correct? 1 Yes 0 No generated_note_name_125 Please go back and correct the weight measurements child_howchild_height How was the [child_name] 's during height measurement? 1 Moved a lot/crying (difficult to read weight/height) 2 Child was calm and still (easy to read weight/ height) child_height_lying Was [child_name] 's measured while lying down or standing up? 1 Lying down 2 Standing up 3 Not measured child_heightprotocolexpl You have indicated that you measured the child differently than specified protocol (this child is [child_age_year] months old). (Child less than 2 years old should be measured lying down; child 2 years old and older should be measured standing up). Please explain why you have chosen to do this: child_status What is the status of [child_name] ? 1 Measured 0 Not Present - 888 Refused - 666 Other child_status_osp_ot Please specify other: IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 52 Annex B: Anthropometric Survey Field Question Answer generated_note_name_139 PROGRAMMING NOTE child_weight_calc [child_weight_calc] child_height_calc [child_height_calc] pl_who_3sd_boys [pl_who_3sd_boys] pl_who_3sd_girls [pl_who_3sd_girls] child_who_3sd [child_who_3sd] child_malnourished 0 child_gender_label2 boys note_malnourished This child's weight is $ {child_weight_calc} kg, which is below the WHO threshold for boys of her height, [child_height_calc] cm (The threshold is [child_who_3sd] kg). This child is ACUTELY MALNOURISHED and should be referred to an appropriate health facility. Here are examples: (1) Machinga District Hospital P. O Box 44, Liwonde +265 1 542 287; +265 1 542 777; +265 1 542 442; +265 1 542 205 (2) Ntaja Health Centre +265 1 544 017 generated_note_name_145 Thank you and have a good day hhid_confirm2 Please confirm again the hhid eligible > survey_info survey_complete [ENUMERATOR] What is the status of the interview? 1 Yes all children were measured 2 No, only some of them were 0 No one could be measured survey_uncomplete_explain_ot [ENUMERATOR] Please explain survey_comments_ot [ENUMERATOR] Please use this text box to make any comments about the survey elig_note FO, This household is not eligible for for anthro measurements. Please save the survey and proceed to the next household. Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex C: COVID-19 Protocol 53 ANNEX C: COVID-19 PROTOCOL Due to the current global COVID-19 pandemic, you will be required to take additional steps to ensure that you, your team and our respondents remain safe and healthy throughout the Baseline Survey: ● Testing: ○ For Training: You will be required to present a negative COVID - 19 test from Zomba Hospital or Zomba DHO. Thus, you will be required to travel to Zomba a few days early to complete the test, and wait for results - while you wait for results you will be expected to isolate/limit movement to limit your exposure for future infections. ○ During Surveying: You will be asked to get COVID -19 tests on a regular basis, failure to present valid test results will result in disciplinary actions (e.g. immediate termination). If you do test positive, there are steps in place for us to ensure that you and the rest of the team/respondents remain safe and healthy. ○ ***Note: the costs associated with testing will be covered by my IPA or your IPA￾provided health care provider*** ● Wearing a mask: ○ Enumerators: You are required to wear a mask at all times during; interviews, when inside vehicles, when walking around crowded areas in town, when inside of a building outside of your own home. ○ Respondents: Respondents are required to wear a mask during the interview. We will provide masks for respondents that do not have them. If they refuse to wear a mask, please report to your supervisor immediately. ● Social Distance: During the interview, ensure you and the respondent are at least 2 meters apart. ● Interviewing areas: All interviews should be conducted in a well-ventilated space - ideally outside if possible. ● Sanitizer: Sanitize hands before and after every interview. Additionally, Sanitizer should be used when transferring the tablet/Anthro items to the respondent. ● Temperature & health checks: Your temperature will be recorded at the start of every day, if your temperature is above 38 degrees Celsius, please inform your supervisor and you will be asked to self-isolate and get tested. If you are feeling unwell at any point of the day, do not hesitate to contact your supervisor at any point, specific actions will be taken on a case by case basis. ● Respondent health check: Before and during the interview, take note of whether the respondent is showing any symptoms (e.g. persistent coughing). If at any point you feel unsafe, conclude the interview and report to your supervisor immediately. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 54 Annex C: COVID-19 Protocol ● Movement: when possible, limit your movement in busy areas. ● Isolation requirements: If at any time you are exposed to COVID-19, you will be required to self￾isolate for the required time outlined by the government rules and present a negative test. ● Anthro measurement: Anthro measurements are to be completed by the respondent, therefore all items must be wiped down before beginning the survey. Field staff not following these guidelines are subject to a review by project management and infractions may lead to disciplinary action and/or termination of the contract. It is of utmost importance to keep all staff members safe! Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 55 ANNEX D: ANTHROPOMETRY PROTOCOL AND MANUAL Titukulane project Baseline Survey Anthropometry Protocol and Manual Innovations for Poverty Action Titukulane August 2021 Prepared by John Tengatenga & By Azizi Buyinza IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 56 Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 1. Introduction, and general guidelines 1.1. Introduction to survey: objectives, sample, timeline You are being trained to measure the Length, Height, and Weight of children under the age of five. These are called anthropometric measurements and will be taken as one of the components that the Titukulane project is set to collect. We are going to learn about how to operate anthropometric equipment and how to take measurements. You will also practice measuring other trainees and we shall also do a pretest at the end of the training. You will be given periodic tests, and the accuracy of your measurements will be critical. You should study this manual with care and learn its contents thoroughly since this will reduce the amount of time needed for training. 1.2. Anthropometric Field officer’s role The role of an anthropometric Field officer is crucial to every part of the survey and the study. You will be collecting data on the nutritional status of children and the quality of this data collection will be determined by the quality of your work. In general, the responsibilities of an anthropometric field officer include the following: • Locating the households in the sample, • Identifying the correct respondents in those households, • Introducing yourself and explaining why you are there, • Obtaining their consent to participate and for those who consent, • Measuring their young children under 5 years of age Height/Length, Weight. 1.3. Training of field officers Some of you may have done this kind of work before; this is very good as you will be able to help your colleagues out. Those of you who haven’t, don’t worry, this is a skill that can be learned and will improve with experience. If you have experience with anthropometry, it is possible that your previous organization or project used different protocols than ours. Please learn and use the specific protocols in this manual - we require that all field officers use the same methodology to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Your training will consist of a combination of classroom training and practical experience. You should study this manual carefully, asking questions at any time to avoid mistakes during actual measurements. Please ensure that you bring this manual each day during the training and to the field during fieldwork. During the training, the instructions on how to take each measurement will be discussed in detail. You will see demonstration measurements and you will practice with other trainees so that you become confident in your work. The training will also include field practice in which you will take anthropometric Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 57 measurements of household respondents. You will be given tests to see how well you are progressing during your formal training period. 1.4. Conducting an anthropometric measurement 1. Establishing rapport with the respondent You should first establish a good rapport with the respondent. This is very important as it might determine whether someone agrees to cooperate with you or not. Since the field officer carrying out the household survey would have likely been to that household before you, the onus is on you to build up the rapport. A. Make a good first impression As an interviewer, the first responsibility is to establish a good rapport with a respondent. At the beginning of an interview, you and the respondent are strangers to each other. The respondent’s first impression of you will influence their willingness to cooperate with the survey. Be sure that you dress appropriately and that your manner is friendly as you introduce yourself. The Household team will visit the households a day before your visit and will have informed the households in the area that you will be coming to interview them. B. Explanation of the survey • When you arrive at the household, do your best to make the respondent feel at ease. Be sure to do this while maintaining a reasonable social distance. (Do not communicate while shouting). Open the interview with a smile and greeting such as “how are you today” and then proceed with your introduction. You must explain that: • You are there to measure the length, height, and weight of their children who are below the age of five • The survey is purely meant for research purposes, is not connected to any political activities, and will help gain a better understanding of the nutritional status of children in the area. • Participation is entirely voluntary. Respondents can refuse to have their children weighed. They will not be punished in any way for refusing to participate. • All the information recorded will be regarded as confidential and private. We are bound by the research ethics bodies to keep the data confidential. C. Always have a positive approach. Never adopt an apologetic manner, and do not use words such as “Are you too busy?”. Such questions invite refusal before you start. Rather, tell the respondent, “I would like to ask you a few questions” or “I would like to talk with you for a few moments.” IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 58 Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual • Be friendly but professional. It is important to make the respondent comfortable. At the same time, it is essential to be respectful and serious. Excessive joking is not appropriate. • Ask questions, and make suggestions. If you have any doubts, worries, or ideas, always feel free to call or talk to someone. It is always better to ask or discuss something sooner rather than later. 2. Taking Anthropometric Measurements Introduction to Anthropometry Anthropometry is the measurement of body shape and size. Changes in the body dimensions reflect the overall health and welfare of individuals and populations. Anthropometry is a widely used, inexpensive, and non-invasive measure of the general nutritional status of an individual or a population group. Taking anthropometric measurements from a respondent is a privilege, not a right. It is the responsibility of the surveyor to make the respondent feel comfortable and to understand that the respondent can ask the surveyor to stop at any time. Equipment You will be using the following equipment: 1) a height board and 2) an electronic scale to take the anthropometric measurements. Please take great care of this equipment. They are delicate and expensive. Care needs to be taken when assembling or dismantling the height board, and that all the equipment is stored properly when not in use. Furthermore, when traveling with the equipment, it should be kept properly in a padded bag. If there are any problems with the equipment, please notify your supervisor immediately. Do not try to take measurements with equipment that is damaged or broken. Measurement • We are to use a different set of guidelines when taking measurements this time around compared to what has been known as the norm. In adherence to COVID19 SOPs, we shall have two adults in the households actively involved in taking measurements of these children with no contact from the field officer. The field officer’s role will be to give the two adults found in the household an explanation of what they are required to do to read off the accurate measurements. Once the adults have understood what has been explained, they will then position the children on the equipment for their measurements to be read off. • Taking accurate measurements does not stop with following the correct procedures for weighing or measuring an infant or child. One of the greatest sources of error in taking anthropometric measurements takes place during the reading and recording of a measurement. Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 59 If the height or weight is read incorrectly or an error is made when recording the measurement, the result will be inaccurate. Therefore, it is important to use care in reading and recording measurements and patience when explaining to the adults in the household what they are required to do. • Measurements can be difficult to read. The reading area of the measuring tape on most height boards is usually in English units (inches and feet) as well as metric units (meters and centimeters). Read the metric units only. Be sure to read the measurement in the correct area on your board. Find out where measurements should be read on your board. • Each centimeter on the scale of a height board is represented by a large number (ex 25 represents 25.0cm). Each centimeter on the scale is divided into tenths (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and so on) using small vertical lines. There is a larger vertical line at the halfway point between two large numbers, which indicates half a centimeter (0.5cm). • Be careful to read the scale from left to right for recumbent (lying down) measurements on the measuring mat. Be careful to read the scale in an upward direction for standing height. 1. When measuring, you need to record to the nearest 0.1cm for standing height, and to the nearest 0.5cm for recumbent length. If the measurement falls between two small 0.1cm lines, record the nearest 0.1cm number. If the measurement is directly between the two small 0.1cm lines, randomly select either the higher or lower 0.1cm number. 2. Immediately record the measurement after it is read. Call out the measurement continuously until you record the measurement. Record the measurement directly onto the data collection sheet/into the PDA. The more times the measurement is copied the more chances of error there are. 2.0. Procedures and Precautions before Measuring A. Layout of the Procedures Each step of the measurement procedure is directed at specific participants, who are named in bold letters at the beginning of each step: e.g. “Measurer”, "Assistant", etc. B. Two People Required Two people are required to measure a child's height and length, since the field officer will NOT have any contact with the child, the two adults in the households will take these measurements. The assistant helps hold the child. If there is no “Assistant” then the one adult present alone can take the weight of a child and record the results. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 60 Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual C. Scale and Height Board Setup Make sure your equipment is set up correctly and is functioning properly before use. Report any damaged equipment to your Supervisor. The scales should be tested each day, before use, by weighing fixed calibration weights- if the scale does not give the proper weight, it should not be used. D. Measuring Scale and Height Board Placement Be selective about where you place the measuring scale and height board. There will usually be several choices on where to place the measuring height board or scale, but the choice should be made carefully. Be sure that you choose a sturdy, flat surface for the equipment and that there is adequate light so that the measurements can be read with precision. E. Weigh and Measure One Child/Person at a Time If there is more than one child in a household, complete the weighing and measuring of one child at a time. Then proceed with the next child. F. Age Assessment Before you measure, record the child’s exact birth date on the form. Using the birth date, determine the child's age. If the child is less than 24 months (two years) old, measure the length (that is, with the child lying down). If the child is 24 months (two years) of age or older, measure height (that is, with the child standing up). G. Preparation of the Respondent Ensure that the adult understands the procedure and feels comfortable. Ask the adult present to remove any clothing, hats, shoes, etc. from the child. The child should be weighed while wearing only their underwear, only if the respondent/adult present and child are comfortable with this. H. Control the Child When you weigh and measure a child, you must control the child. The strength and mobility of even very young children should not be underestimated. Be firm yet gentle with children. Your sense of calm and self-confidence will be felt by the mother and the child. When a child has contact with any measuring equipment, i.e., on a measuring scale you must politely ask the adult to hold and control the child so the child will not trip or fall. Never leave a child alone with a piece of equipment. Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 61 I. Coping with Stress Explain the weighing and measuring procedures to the mother/any other adult present, and to a limited extent, the child, to help minimize possible resistance, fears, or discomfort they may feel. You must determine if the child or mother is under so much stress that the weighing and measuring must stop. Remember, young children are often uncooperative; they tend to cry, scream, kick and sometimes bite. If a child is under severe stress and is crying excessively, try to calm the child before proceeding with the measuring. Do not weigh or measure a child if: • The mother refuses. • The child is too sick or distressed. J. Recording Measurements and Being Careful Keep objects out of your hands and pens out of your mouth, hair, or breast pocket when you take readings so that neither the child nor you will get hurt due to carelessness. When you are not using a pen, place it in your equipment pack or on the questionnaire. Make sure you do not have long fingernails. Remove interfering rings and watches before you take these readings. K. Take each Measurement Thrice Each measurement will be taken three times. You will find that the measurement will vary a little bit, so don’t be very concerned about it when they do. It would be strange if the readings were always the same. If the difference among the three measurements is greater than a specified amount (see specific protocols), then a fourth measurement will be taken. L. Strive for Improvement You can be an expert measurer if you strive for improvement and follow every step of every procedure the same way every time. The quality and speed of your measurements will improve with practice. You will be required to weigh and measure children under the age of five. Do not take these procedures for granted even though they may seem simple and repetitious. It is easy to make errors when you are not careful. Do not omit any steps. Concentrate on what you are doing. 2.1 Child’s Standing Height (>2 years of age) Definition: The perpendicular distance between the top of the head (the vertex) and the bottom of the feet. Equipment: SECA 214 portable height board. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 62 Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual Adult 1- Mother (Could also be any other relative) Adult 2- Any other guardian Method 1. Make sure the height board is on a hard flat surface and that the base is stable. 2. Ask Adult 1 to remove the child’s shoes and upbraid any hair that would interfere with the height measurement. Ask her to walk the child to the board and to kneel in front of the child. 3. For mobility, ask Adult 2 to kneel on their right knee only, on the child’s left side. 4. Ask Adult 2 to place the child’s feet flat and together in the center of and against the back and base of the height board. Ask Adult 1 to place their right hand just above the child’s ankles on the shins, and their left hand on the child's knees and push against the board. Make sure the child’s legs are straight. Make sure that the buttocks and upper part of the back are also touching the height board. 5. Tell the child to look straight ahead at Adult 1 if she is in front of the child. Make sure the child's line of sight is level with the ground. Ask the other adult to place their open left hand on the child’s chin and gradually close their hand. They should not cover the child’s mouth or ears. Make sure the shoulders are level, the hands are at the child’s side, and the upper part of the back and buttocks are touching the height board. 6. The child’s head does not have to touch the height board. Make sure that the child’s head is in the Frankfort Plane. This is achieved when the lower edge of the eye socket (the Orbitale) is horizontal with the Tragion. If the head is not aligned properly, raise or lower the chin until it is in the Frankfort Plane. With the right hand, lower the headpiece on top of the child's head. Make sure they push through the child’s hair. 7. Check the child's position. Repeat any steps as necessary. 8. When the child’s position is correct, immediately record the measurement. 9. Check the recorded measurement on the questionnaire for accuracy and legibility. Common Errors in Measuring Height: • Improper equipment is used • Equipment is not properly assembled and placed • Footwear, heavy clothing, hats, hair clips are not removed Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 63 • Feet are not flat on the floor • Knees are bent • Head is not in the proper position • Measurement is not read at eye level. 2.2 Infant Length (<2 years of age) – Recumbent length Definition: The perpendicular distance between the top of the head (the vertex) and the bottom of the feet. This is measured with the child lying down. Equipment: SECA 210 portable measuring mat and Height board Adult 1- Mother (Could also be any other relative) Adult 2- Any other guardian Method 1. Place the height board on a hard flat surface, i.e. ground, floor, or steady table. 2. Ask Adult 1 to kneel on the right side of the child so that they can hold the foot piece with their right hand. 3. Ask Adult 2 to help adult 1, lay the child on the height board by supporting the back of the infant’s head with one hand, and the trunk with the other hand. Gradually lower the child onto the measuring scale. 4. Ask adult 1 to kneel on the opposite side of the board facing adult 2 to help keep the child calm. 5. Adult 2 to cup their hands over the child’s ears. With their arms comfortably straight, place the child's head against the base of the board so that the child is looking straight up. The child’s line of sight should be perpendicular to the ground. Adult 2’s head should be straight over the child’s head looking directly into the child’s eyes. 6. Make sure the child is lying flat and in the center of the board. Adult 2 places their left hand on the child’s shins (above the ankles) or knees. Pressing them firmly against the board. With their right hand, place the foot piece firmly against the child's heels. 7. Check the child's position. Repeat any steps as necessary. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 64 Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 8. When the child’s position is correct, read and call out the measurement to the nearest 0.1 cm. Ask Adult 2 to remove the foot piece and release their left hand from the child’s shins or knees and support the child during the recording. 9. Record the measurement. 10. Check the recorded measurement on the questionnaire for accuracy and legibility. Common Errors in Measuring Recumbent Length: • Proper equipment not used • Hat, hair clips, or big hairdos not removed • Shoes, sandals, socks not removed • Child’s head is in the wrong position • Child’s head is not against the headpiece • Legs are not straightened or properly positioned • Heels are not flat against the footboard • Heels or legs are not flat against the recumbent board • Only one leg is extended rather than both legs 2.3. Child weight (>2 years of age) Definition: Weight is the force the body exerts in a standard gravitational field. Equipment required: Weighing scale. Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 65 Adult 1- Mother (Could also be any other relative) Adult 2- Any other guardian Setting the scale Each morning before use, the scale must be calibrated using standardized weights to ensure the accuracy of measurements. The standardized weight must be placed in the center of the scale. The measurement should be recorded on the equipment calibration log. If the reading falls outside of the acceptable range, then the Team Leader must be notified immediately. Method A. Explaining the weighing procedure to the mother. 1. Explain to the mother that you have a scale to weigh the child(ren) and that the child(ren) will be weighed alone using that scale. 2. Ask Adult 1 to undress the child(ren) completely. The only exception is that the children may wear a small pair of underpants if desired by the mother. Children should not wear pampers. If she is concerned that it is cold, tell her that she may cover the child(ren) with a cloth or a blanket until the scale is ready. B. Preparing the scale 1. It is important to remember that the scale will not function correctly if it becomes too warm. It is best to use the scale in the shade, or indoors. Make sure that it is on a smooth surface, and that it will not move at all even if someone stands on it. 2. If the scale is not flat (horizontal) or if the scale is not steady, move the board into a different position, until the problem is corrected. 3. Check again to make sure that the scale is flat (horizontal) and stable and that it cannot move at all. The scale must be placed on a hard, level surface; soft or uneven surfaces may cause errors in weighing. 4. Have the questionnaire and pen ready nearby. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 66 Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual C. Weighing children above 2 years 1. Turn the scale ‘ON’ by touching the scale with your foot. The display should show '0.0'. The '0.0' reading indicates that the scale is ready. 2. Ask the child to step onto the center of the scale without support with arms hanging loosely by her sides. She should look straight ahead, with weight distributed evenly on both feet. The feet should be centered on the scale. Wait until the numbers on the display no longer change. 3. Record the child’s weight to the nearest 0.1 kg in the questionnaire (Ex 58.3 Kg). 4. Allow the child to move off the scale. Repeat steps 1-5 to obtain the second and third weight measurements. If the difference among the measurements 1, 2, and 3 is greater than 0.5 kg, then obtain the fourth measurement. Common Errors in weighing children: • Improper equipment is used • Scale is not calibrated or zeroed • Necessary clothing is not removed • Child is not placed in the center of scale tray • Child is touching something outside of scale tray • Measurer or assistant is touching the child Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 67 2.4 Infant weight (newborns and infants under 2 years of age) Definition: Weight is the force the body exerts in a standard gravitational field. Equipment required: Weighing scales. Adult 1- Mother (Could also be any other relative) Adult 2- Any other guardian Setting the scale Each morning before use, the scale must be calibrated using standardized weights to ensure the accuracy of measurements. The standardized weight must be placed in the center of the scale. The measurement should be recorded on the equipment calibration log. If the reading falls outside of the acceptable range, then the team leader must be notified immediately. Always indicate on the survey that you have used this protocol and the reason for doing so. Method A. Explaining the weighing procedure to the respondent/mother. 1. Explain to Adult 1 that you have a scale to weigh the child(ren), and that the child(ren) will be weighed while being held by the mother. Also, explain that you will record Adult 1’s weight as well. Older children may be weighed by standing by themselves on the scale. 2. Ask Adult 1 to wear just light indoor clothing (e.g. a dress or a blouse and skirt) when she is weighed. She should not wear thick clothing or anything heavy. She should have bare feet. 3. Ask Adult 1 to undress the child(ren) completely. The only exception is that the children may wear a small pair of underpants if desired by Adult1. Children should not wear pampers. If she is concerned that it is cold, tell her that she may cover the child(ren) with a cloth or a blanket until the scale is ready. 4. Ask Adult 1 to let Adult 2 hold the baby so she can be ready to step onto the scale. 5. Tell Adult 1 that after weighing her, you will first weigh the youngest child, then the second youngest, etc. B. Preparing the scale 1. It is important to remember that the scale will not function correctly if it becomes too warm. It is best to use the scale in the shade, or indoors. Make sure that it is on a smooth surface, and that it will not move at all even if someone stands on it. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 68 Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 2. If the scale is not flat (horizontal) or if the scale is not steady, move the board into a different position, until the problem is corrected. 3. Check again to make sure that the scale is flat (horizontal) and stable and that it cannot move at all. It is important that the scale is placed on a hard, level surface; soft or uneven surfaces may cause errors in weighing. 4. Have the questionnaire and pen ready in your hand. C. Weighing children who cannot stand on the scale by themselves 1. Turn the scale 'ON' by touching the scale with your foot. The display should show ‘'0.0'. The '0.0' reading indicates that the scale is ready. 2. Ask the woman or any adult that you find at home to step onto the center of the scale without support with arms hanging loosely by her sides. She should look straight ahead, with weight distributed evenly on both feet. The feet should be centered on the scale. Wait until the numbers on the display no longer change. 3. Record the woman’s weight to the nearest 0.1 kg in the questionnaire (Ex 58.3 Kg). 4. Tell Adult 1 to please keep standing still on the scale, since you are getting ready to weigh the child now. 5. While Adult 1 is still standing on the scale, ask Adult 2 to give her the child to hold. Wait until the numbers on the display no longer change. 6. Record the weight of Adult 1 and child to the nearest 0.1 kg in the questionnaire (Ex 65.5 Kg) The difference between the two measurements is the weight of the child (ex. 1.1 Kg) Baseline Report of the Titukulane RFSA in Malawi (Vol. II) Annex D: Anthropometry Protocol and Manual 69 7. Allow Adult 1 and infant to move off from the scale. Repeat steps 1-6 to obtain the second and third weight measurements for both Adult 1 and the child. If the difference among the measurements 1, 2, and 3 is greater than 0.5Kg then obtain the fourth measurement. 3. Assessing the Accuracy of Measurements Accuracy is achieved through good training and supervision. There are techniques for measuring the accuracy of the measurements. When taking more than one height or weight measurement on the same person, the three measurements can be averaged. If they are vastly different from each other, the measurements should be disregarded, and the measuring should start again.