FINAL EVALUATION REPORT
“Collective Action to Support 
Women's Rights (CASWR)” Project
Produced by
TrustMe Consultancy Service
December 2021
Collective Action to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project
Final Evaluation Report - 2021
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 1 | Page
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF TABLES 2
LIST OF FIGURES 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
AFFIRMATION 3
LIST OF ABBREVIATION 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
1. INTRODUCTION 7
1.1. Project Overview 7
1.2. Project Logic 7
1.3. Key Stakeholders 8
1.4. Evaluation Objectives 8
1.5. Evaluation Team 8
2. METHODOLOGY 9
2.1. Summary methods 9
2.2. Summary of respondents by province 11
2.3. Limitation of the methodology 11
2.4. Consultative workshop 12
2.5. Ethics procedure 12
3. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 13
3.1. Characteristics of respondents 13
3.2. Progress against objective 16
3.3. By DAC Criteria 22
4. CONCLUSION 25
5. LESSONS LEARNT 25
6. RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE PROJECT 27
7. RELEVANT ANNEXES 27
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Respondent by type and methods of data collection. 11
Table 2: Respondents attended in the HHS, KII and FGD by each province 14
Table 3: Respondents attended in the HHS by each age 14
Table 4: HHS Respondents by ethnic groups of each province 15
Table 5: Share roles and responsibilities of men and women 21
Table 6: Update main outcome indicators 24
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 : Respondent in HHS by sex 15
Figure 2: Respondent in HHS with ID Poor status 16
Figure 3: Respondent in HHS source of income 16
Figure 4: Respondent in HHS – Income earner 16
Figure 5: Knowledge on Gender, women’s right and domestic violence by province 17
Figure 6: When asking if women are snatching away from men when they work 18
Figure 7: Role of women in the family 18
Figure 8: Men are the main decision making in the house 19
Figure 9: Only men can participate in political 19
Figure 10: Understanding role of who is taking care of house and cook at home 20
Figure 11: Understanding role of who is taking care 21
Figure 12: Animal Care and Farm Management 21
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to show our sincere thanks to our field data collection team 
including field supervisors and enumerators in 6 provinces including Battambang, Pursat, 
Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampot and Mondulkiri. They strongly committed to 
joining the training and doing the data collection in the field though there were such a lot of 
challenges in the harvest season. 
We would also give thanks to local authorities at district, commune, and village levels who 
provided warm welcome and support to the consultant team. They also supported making 
our team meet the respondents without any restriction. In addition, we give thanks to our 
respondents who sacrificed their time joining with our End-Project Evaluation (EPE) 
process including Household Survey (HHS), Key Informant Interview (KII), and Focus Group 
Discussion (FGD). 
We would like to thanks Executive Directors, CASWR project management team and field 
staff of GADC1
, AMARA2
, ACT3
, and WPM4 especially Mr. Ne Jony, Program Manager of 
CASWR project who always supported before, during and after the EPE process including 
the project orientation, questionnaire review, and government relationship. Thanks to Project 
Coordinators (PC) and Community Facilitators (CF) in the 4 NGOs who strongly supported 
and coordinated with target beneficiaries for our consultant team to conduct surveys, KII and 
FGD smoothly. 
Last but not least, thanks would go to USAID, project donor, which made funds available for 
this baseline survey assignment. 
AFFIRMATION
Except for the references listed in this assignment, this evaluation report is originally 
produced by TrustMe Consultancy Service. We claim that this work totally belongs to our 
intellectual property. In addition, the primary data collected from the community and 
stakeholders remain the property of the community themselves. However, due to the fund 
of USAID supported GADC for project implementation, TrustMe will not use this report to 
share with other parties.
 
1 Gender and Development for Cambodia (GADC), a local non-profit and non-political organization, was established in 2000 by a group 
of women, and one of those was the former GADC's Executive Director, Mrs. Ros Sopheap. GADC focuses on gender equality as a 
human right, which is strongly tied to women's rights. It believes that women and men have the right to develop their personal abilities and 
make choices without the limitations set by stereotypes, rigid gender roles, and prejudices.
2 AMARA is a local non-governmental organization that works to promote women’s leadership and participation in political and social 
arenas, reduce gender-based violence and enhance democratic governance and development at the sub-national level.
3 Alliance for Conflict Transformation (ACT) is a local Non-profit NGOs founded in 1999 located in Phnom Penh and targeting several 
provinces across Cambodia. ACT aims to build and strengthen capacities for peace based on analysis of current issues and situations, 
taking the most strategic actions to transform conflicts and maximizing the impact for sustainable peace and development through 
education programs, cooperation and networking.
4 Women Peace Makers began as a youth and women led-peacebuilding network in 2000 and became an independent registered non￾governmental organization in 2003. As a longstanding NGO working responsibly in Cambodia, WPM has developed its guiding principles 
over time through hard work and significant learning.
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LIST OF ABBREVIATION 
ACT Alliance for Conflict Transformation 
CASWR Collective Action to Support Women’s Rights
CBO Community-Based Organization
CC Commune Chief
CCBT Commune Capacity Building Team
CCG Community Core Group
CCWC Commune Committee for Women and Children
DAC Development Assistant Committee
EPE End-Project Evaluation
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FS Field Supervisor
GADC Gender and Development for Cambodia
HHS Household Survey
KII Key Informant Interview
LGBTIQ Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, inter-sex and queer individuals 
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MEL-PL Monitoring Evaluation and Learning Program Lead 
NGO Non-Government Organization
RDPL Research and Development Program Lead
SPSS Statistical Program for Social Science
USAID United State Agency for International Development
USG United States Government
WPM Women Peace Makers
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
This project evaluation is to assess the progress results of all indicators compared to the 
target set in the project indicator tracking table. It also aims to assess the gaps in the 
implementation phase for further recommendation in the future project design especially in 
terms of gender inclusion, women’s rights, and women and youth leadership. The project 
evaluation was guided by the Development Assistant Committee (DAC) Criteria including 
Relevant, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact, and Sustainability. 
This evaluation has gone through desk review of project documents, conducting Key 
Informant Interview (KII) with 24 key stakeholders, conducting 12 Focus Group Discussion 
(FGD) with separation of male and female (6 female groups and 6 male groups), and 
conducting household survey (HHS) with 169 randomly selected families. The project 
document includes project proposal, project Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E), and project 
design. The KII was conducted by 6 commune chiefs (CC), 6 Commune Committee for 
Women and Children (CCWC), 6 Women and Children Consultative Committee (WCCC), 
and 6 Commune police officers. The project evaluation was conducted in 6 provinces where 
one district and one commune were selected respectively. Those target communes include 
Thebdei commune in Koh Kralor district (Battambang), Bak Chen Chien commune in Pnhom 
Kravanh district (Pursat), Khunrong commune in Boribor district (Kampong Chhnang), Hong 
Samnam commune in Aoral district (Kampong Speu), Snay Anchit in Chum Kiri district 
(Kampot) and Srae Ampoum commune in Pechenda district (MondulKiri). 
Outcome 1: Women and youth are empowered to positively transform traditional 
practice in the societal and political institutions to further gender equality. 
The result from the HHS showed that 97% of respondents demonstrated increased 
knowledge related to women’s rights, gender, domestic violence, and women leadership. 
This is an amazing result compared to baseline 79%. During the last 3 years, the project 
has completed most of the planned activities except some under-achievable ones due to the 
restriction of COVID-19. Those activities achieved from 82%-85%, except the CCBT 
capacity build is 153% achieved5
. This shows the increase of empowerment to local key 
people to work for their community in terms of gender-related intervention. In short, this 
outcome is very impactful for the target beneficiaries. 
Outcome 2: An enabling environment for the participation and leadership of women 
and youth in decision making and political processes is improved. 
The result of the HHS also shows the increase from 50% (baseline) to 90% (end-line) in the 
indicator stated at the percentage of citizens that completed United States Government 
(USG) assisted training that report they are more engaged in the political process. They 
were empowered to join in all processes including election observation and voter list review 
etc. The FGD and KII also confirmed that women are encouraged to join decision making in 
the family as well as in the political processes. 
Many best practices have occurred within the project. Most of the project indicators have 
been achieved based on the planned target. There is strong cooperation amongst project 
staff and NGO partners to have such great achievement. Women have been supported to 
have their rights through various mechanism and processes in the project. The project 
design fits the context and it responded to the right needs of women. . Due to the limitation 
and restriction is using funding with government staff, so it somehow creates difficulties for us to 
disseminate result and engage local authorities in some fields. the leaders of Local authority might 
miss some information, but the local authority who have worked on women and children committee 
 
5 Project Annual Report (2019-2021)
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knows about our project. That is why they could not report much on the project progress. In 
contrast the CCWC are able to report more as they were empowered to engage in the 
project. We have some recommendations as below: 
● The project design should include a better risk management strategy. In addition, it 
should be clear on who will manage the M&E system of the project. The standard 
project operations manual (SPOM) should be developed ahead of implementation. 
● Due to COVID-19, the project could not provide enough offline training to the CCBT 
and CCG. Therefore, the project should be flexible to provide more online training to 
make sure they are fully equipped for project implementation. 
● Project should reconsider the scope of work of the PC of GADC as she is alone to 
manage 6 CF. The CF also need to be strengthened in capacity in terms of data 
tracking and report writing as well as some other project concept. 
● Though the relationship with stakeholders is good, the official communication is still 
required by government official at district or commune levels to comply with the 
administrative protocol. The project should provide official invitation letter for them 
rather than phone call if they want to invite them to join any events. 
● Project should have the standard template of M&E data monitoring and tools to be 
implemented by all partners as well as GADC. 
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1. INTRODUCTION 
1.1. Project Overview
In 2018, Gender and Development for Cambodia (GADC) and 3 other local NGO partners 
including AMARA, Alliance for Conflict Transformation (ACT), Women Peace 
Makers (WPM) received fund from USAID Cambodia to implement a 2-year-and-9-month 
project called Collective Action to Support Women's Rights (CASWR) aimed at increasing 
women and youth's participation and leadership in political processes in Cambodia. The 
project goal is to build linkages between civil society, local communities, and government by 
increasing women and youth participation and leadership in the political process in 
Cambodia.
This project was implemented in 6 provinces including Battambang, Prusat, Kampong 
Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampot and Mondulkiri. Though GADC is the main project lead, 
all the 4 NGOs have divided the provinces to implement the project. GADC is responsible 
for direct implementation in 3 provinces (Pursat, Kampong Chhnang, and Kampong Speu) 
while AMARA implements in Battambang, ACT in MondulKiri and WPM is in Kampot. These 
NGOs specialize in different areas, yet all work is to bridge the gap between government 
and citizens by increasing meaningful political participation for women and young people, 
especially vulnerable people (disability, indigenous women, lesbian, gay, bisexual, 
transgender, inter-sex and queer individuals (LGBTIQ) etc.). 
1.2. Project Logic
The ultimate goal of the project is to link the community and civil society to the government 
by increasing women and youth participation and leadership in decision making processes 
in Cambodia. To achieve this project, there are three main components to be focused on: 
Outcome 1: Empowerment of women and youth to positively transform traditional 
practices in the societal and political institutions to further gender equality (a capacity 
building dimension)
Capacity building of essential skills and knowledge is the first step in empowering women 
and young people as well as men to actively engage as citizens. This includes knowledge 
on legal rights advocacy, leadership, and conflict transformation for key stakeholders such 
as community members, youth groups, Community Based Organizations (CBOs), the 
LGBTIQ community, and indigenous people/minority groups. This outcome aims to achieve 
at least 16,800 people (60% female)6 who received such training. 
Outcome 2: Enrichment of an enabling environment for the participation and 
leadership of women and youth in decision making and political processes (an 
advocacy dimension).
The outcome focuses on enriching an enabling environment for women and youth 
participation and leadership in political processes through three main aspects including 1) 
Creating a more favorable space for women and young people to participate, lead, and voice 
their concerns and needs, 2) Enabling participants to hold relevant national and sub-national 
authorities accountable, and 3) Challenging negative gender norms through a strong 
supportive community in the family, community and society.
 
6 Project M&E Plan
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Outcome 3: Development of a stronger and better mobilized network of women, 
youth, and Gender NGOs with evidence-based advocacy (research to support 
evidence and advocacy)
This outcome aims to create a network between youth, women and civil society to work 
together for improving gender equality. It also documents and researches the key issues as 
well as correspond to ‘best practices’ available for public advocacy and lobbying at both the 
project and policy levels.
1.3. Key Stakeholders
There are a number of key stakeholders for this evaluation report. First, it will be reviewed 
by GADC management team, and CASWR Project Management Committee including all 
implementing partners such as AMARA, WPM, and ACT. Second, it will be crucial for USAID 
to review to see the progress and achievement of the project during the last 3 years. Last 
but not least, it may be shared across other partners including government and some NGO 
partners whose projects to be implemented in those areas. They may use some data to 
apply in the context of gender-related intervention. 
1.4. Evaluation Objectives
1. To analyze the impacts changes over the period of implementing the project,
2. To understand by comparing the data with project indicators as stated in the baseline 
project rationale, 
3. To identify the gaps of the project implementation in the targeted area, reviewing back 
on the study design of the project, 
4. To provide a recommendation for the future study of the project implementation,
5. To answer whether gender inclusion ws mainstreamed and if the project substantially 
contributed to a more locally-led women/youth empowerment response. 
1.5. Evaluation Team
The evaluation team consists of the following members: 
1. Mr Sous Vannoeun, Executive Director of TrustMe Consultancy Service (Team 
Leader)
2. Mr Sann Ra, MEL Program Lead of TrustMe Consultancy Service (Assistant)
3. Mr Koy Phearun, Research Development Program Lead of TrustMe Consultancy 
Service (Assistant)
4. 03 field supervisors including 02 females (TrustMe partners) to support the data 
collection in different provinces. They are partners of TrustMe who have been 
properly trained on how to facilitate the KII, FGD, HHS, Kobo Toolbox and other 
communication skills. 
5. 12 data collectors including 09 females (TrustMe partners) from the 6 provinces who 
directly facilitate the data collection. These are the partners of TrustMe who have 
been properly trained on how to use Kobo Toolbox and sets of questionnaires. 
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2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Summary methods
The methodology was mixed with both qualitative and quantitative methods. The proposed 
methodology also included a preparatory phase of documents review and discussions with 
the project team through an online meeting platform (Zoom). The evaluation location has 
also been randomly chosen from the target communes operated by the project including 
Thebdei of Koh Kralor district (Battambang), Bak Chenchien of Phnom Kravanh district 
(Pursat), Khun Rong of Boribor (Kampong Chhnang), Hong Samnam of Aoral (Kampong 
Speu), Snay Anchit of Chumkiri district (Kampot), Srae Ampoum of Pich Chenda district 
(Mondulkiri). The project team of GADC’s staff and NGO partners were invited to give advice 
and finalize the questionnaires and instruments before commencing fieldwork. A set of 
questionnaires was developed to be well structured and comprehensively meaningful after 
getting their inputs. The questionnaire was classified into four (4) main parts. The first part 
is to access the characteristic of respondents include sex, age, education, IDPoor, ethnicity, 
occupation, and main income sources that could disaggregate data of vulnerable groups 
very definitely. The second part is to measure the level of understanding of beneficiaries 
related to women’s rights, gender, domestic violence, women’s participation in leadership 
model and political process. This part could also define that their knowledge improved, and 
preparation to be in the leadership role, engaged and present in the political process, in 
particular women. This is the anticipated result of the intervention from the project. The third 
part aims to assess the attitude/perception changes among respondents regarding the 
mentioned statement above, respectively. And the fourth part aims to assess the behavior 
adaptation/practice of both women and men regarding women’s rights, gender equity, 
domestic violence, and women’s participation in the leadership role and political process 
including the encouragement in the commune’s structure or election process, etc.
More importantly, AMARA, WPM and ACT provided very strong support in generating the 
beneficiary list from the system respectively and GADC sent the beneficiary list through hard 
copies. The hard copies made it a bit challenging for the consultant team to do the sampling 
in a manual way. The team spent a lot of time filtering the name of respondents who are in 
the selected area for evaluation.
The evaluation was smoothly managed and engaged with participatory approaches 
including in-depth interviews (KII), FGD and HHS. Non-probability procedure (purposive 
method) was used to conduct KII with project staff, and duty bearers while male and female 
groups conducted FGD. Besides, the TrustMe consultancy team used the probability 
method to calculate the number of appropriate respondents by keeping the confidence 
Interval at 99% and thus leaving a margin of error at 1% (or the precision rate at 0.01) and 
a standard Z score at 2.58, and the (p) approximate proportion you expect to find in the 
population at 50% (or proportion at 0.5) with q = (1-p). The sample (166) households would 
be therefore randomly chosen for making individual interviews separated into 6 cluster 
regions. It thus meant that there would be at least 28 households on average to be identified 
and confirmed to take part in the project implementation target communes. Each commune 
has an equal number of respondents selected through a very clear random selection 
process. However, there would be flexibility to define the number of respondents for each 
commune in the term of replacing or reserved.
After GADC and NGO partners finished reviewing and approved the questionnaires, twelve 
(12) enumerators were recruited to collect the data from households within six communes 
and three (3) FS to conduct KII with duty bearers, FGD with men and women group, and 
supervise their enumerators in Battambang, Kampong Speu, and Kampot while the rest 
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provinces were directly supervised by the TrustMe staff. This meant that each commune 
consisted of two enumerators and one FS. 
The team had adopted the Kobo Toolbox for designing the digital interviewing instrument to 
collect the data from households. However, KII and FGD were still used by paper 
administered and following double entry into google sheet for categorization and analysis. 
Hence, both FS and enumerators were properly trained to ensure they can use it confidently 
and correctly. The training agenda prioritized introduction on GADC evaluation, refresh on 
data collection tools and communication, stakeholder relation, questionnaires, install web￾based Kobo Tool Box on their smartphones, utilize it to fill answers generated from the direct 
interviewees, recordings correctly and effectively. In addition, they had practised testing the 
questionnaire among participants until they understood the concept of all the questionnaires 
and instruments. 
Before going to the field, FS refreshed their enumerators again to ensure everything was 
clear. We divided the number of respondents based on the random list to FS and 
enumerators. First, they had gone along with and interviewed the selected households. 
Once enumerators had more confidence, the FS prioritized conducting KII with duty bearers 
and FGD with men and women groups. Every end of the day, there was always a reflection 
meeting between FS, enumerators, and TrustMe colleagues to share best practices, lessons 
learnt, challenges, and recommendations to improve in the next day. As part of the quality 
assurance, TrustMe team directly contacted to the FS and data collectors through a spot 
check in each area. Research Development Program Lead (RDPL) of TrustMe handles 
Kobo Toolbox management and he called to check if any data was not clear. In addition, we 
also shared a data collection plan with GADC and NGO partners to conduct spot checks 
based on their availability.
Significantly, the evaluation team had conducted KII with twenty (20) project’s staff, twenty￾four (24) duty bearers (CWCC, CC, CCWC and Commune Police), and twelve (12) FGDs 
with male and female groups consisting of 105 people. Opinion, perspective, and 
recommendation from the KII and FGD have improved and clarified the quantitative data 
obtained from project documents, including the project’s monitoring and evaluation 
plans/frameworks, project design, reports and individual interviews. Enumerators deployed 
to digitally interview 173 households. 
In addition, the Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Program Lead (MEL-PL) has the 
responsibility to manage all data after receiving it from Kobo Toolbox. Reviewing and 
cleaning processes have been made to keep questions logical and accurate. The consultant 
team has processed the data analysis by using the trusted software called Statistical 
Program for Social Science (SPSS). Hence, Key findings will be presented in the Bar chart, 
pie chart, table, and interpretation would be done in the narrative.
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2.2. Summary of respondents by province
Table 1: Respondent by type and methods of data collection. of
Types 
of 
Respon
dents
BTB Pursat Kampong 
Chhnang
Kampong 
Speu Kampot MDK Total
F M F M F M F M F M F M
HHS 22 8 16 7 25 10 15 12 28 2 19 9 173
FGD 14 5 9 7 6 9 8 9 9 9 15 5 105
KII with 
duty 
bearers 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 24
KII with 
CF 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 12
KII with 
PCs 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 4
KII with 
EDs 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 4
Total 322
2.3. Limitation of the methodology
The baseline survey was conducted from 19th to 28th November 2021 across six (6) 
different districts and provinces. The evaluation aims to analyze the impact of changes, 
gender inclusion mainstreaming, identify the gaps and provide recommendations for the 
CASWR Project. This evaluation itself substantially contributes to more locally-led women 
and youth empowerment in future studies. The TrustMe Consultancy, GADC, and NGO 
partners have consulted on how to conduct both evaluation and baseline at the same time. 
Several limitations may have any bias of analysis in both of them. First, the target locations 
of the baseline and the evaluation are quite different. The baseline was conducted at Prey 
Tralach of Rukh Kiri (BTB), Pteah Rong of Talosenchey (Pursat), Brasneob of Role Ba’er 
(Kampong Chnang), Oam Leang of Thpong (Kampong Speu), Lbeuk of Chhouk (Kampot), 
Norng Kelek of Koh Nhek (Mondulkiri) while, the evaluation was conducted at Thibdey of 
Koh Kralor (BTB), Bakchenhchien of Phnom Kravanh (Pursat), Khun Rong of Boribor 
(Kampong Chnang), Hong Samnam of Aoral (Kampong Speu), Snay Anchit of Chumkiri 
(Kampot), and Srae Ampoum of Pechenda (Mondulkiri). There are few NGOs, bilateral 
government’s projects, and communes implemented on gender equality, domestic violence, 
women and youth participating in the leadership, and political process in baseline and 
evaluation locations. It meant that their knowledge might be higher and might not show much 
significant change from baseline and evaluation. Second, due to the socio-economic 
conditions of the respondents, there may have been some difficulties in understanding some 
questions of the survey and the qualitative interviews. In these cases, the enumerators and 
the interviewers helped to understand the questions, sometimes rephrasing them. This may 
have produced an involuntary bias. Third, it may have stemmed from the sequencing of 
questions or answers as the questionnaires did not allow to re-sequence some ‘similar’ 
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questions. For instance, between q.2.2.1 to 2.2.5 to access the knowledge and q.2.5.1 to 
q.2.5.5 to access the attitude and between q.2.3.1 to q.2.3.4 to access the attitude and 
q.2.4.1 to q.2.4.4 to access the behaviour/practice changes.
Forth, lack of inclusive and diversity of community participation particularly men taking a part 
in surveys (FGDs and HHS) because they are working at the factory in the neighboring 
provinces, the harvesting season and public holiday (Festival Day), busy with their daily 
work (forest, rice field and fishery, hunting) have become significant challenges for our team 
to do the evaluation. However, the survey team decided to replace the respondents 
immediately to find other women instead. These obstacles might have a bias affect both 
data collection flows and the quality of data analysis in the evaluation report.
2.4. Consultative workshop
After the draft finding and recommendations were generated, the evaluation conducted a 
consultative workshop with Executive Directors, Project Manager, and Project Coordinators 
of GADC, AMARA, ACT, and WPM. There was a total of 7 participants (4 female). The 
objective of this workshop was to present preliminary key findings and seek them to validate 
and give feedback on the process and get an agreement before the final report was made. 
It also prevented unintended mistakes, which would happen incidentally before it was 
disseminated to donors, especially USAID. The workshop allowed them to see the key 
findings, lessons learnt, challenges and recommendations from the consultant. As a result, 
they appreciated the result found. They also provided some feedback and some 
clarifications on the findings. In the end, both parties agreed to move forward with the 
agreement of adjustment. The evaluation team found it is very important for this participatory 
approach, which enabled the evaluation report to become more comprehensive.
2.5. Ethics procedure
The consultant team considered the ethical procedure to be carried out in the whole process 
of evaluation. First, respondents’ confidentiality and identity are the most significant. The FS 
and enumerators have read the consent and declared how the data collection team was 
obligated to comply with the professional manner. However, they would have full privilege 
to refuse or accept the interview, the right to refuse to answer what questions may feel 
harmful or withdraw them from the interview at any time if the consent is given. FS and 
Enumerators just mentioned their opinions or perception and answer without indicating their 
identity (name, location etc.). Second, the TrustMe had given the intellectual property rights 
to the “Collective Action to Support Women's Rights (CASWR)” Project especially, GADC 
for any publications, sharing lesson learnt purposes without permission or pre-approval from 
the TrustMe team. By contrast, the TrustMe team will not share this document unless official 
confirmation from GADC is released. Third, TrustMe has followed the schedule of data 
collection which was agreed by both parties to ensure transparency. TrustMe has recorded 
the given answers from respondents and claimed that those answers were exactly collected 
from those target areas from 19th to 28th November 2021. And TrustMe ensured that all 
data was consistently checked the logical orders, accurate and cleaned with the trusted 
software, SPSS. More importantly, we have worked with accountability to ensure that the 
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 13 | Page
evaluation report was produced comprehensively, and respond to comments at any time 
with the “Collective Action to Support Women's Rights (CASWR)” Project especially, GADC. 
3. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 
The CASWR project activities and interventions were found to be highly relevant, effective, 
efficient, impact and sustainability in response to the needs of beneficiaries and 
communities. The majority of participants interviewed were both satisfied and appreciative 
of the program’s activities. The evaluation indicated that there is strong desire for CASWR 
to continue to deliver its interventions, given the prevalence of violence that is perceived in 
both the family and community environment. 
Overall, the program interventions did not only respond to the needs of women and girls, 
but they also proved to be effective in terms of improving the knowledge base of 
beneficiaries. Alongside relevant stakeholders, it was felt that the programs interventions 
improved psychological support for women and youth groups and stimulated behavioral 
changes amongst community members and stakeholders. The program interventions have 
benefitted from efficient systems of implementation. Some areas, such as those associated 
with any services the program may benefit from further investment in community related 
activities.
For those that were engaged, the program has had a positive impact on the lives of women, 
girls, their families and the communities where they live. The positive effects include the 
promotion of women’s empowerment or rights and human rights, based on personal and 
group development. This process has provided a foundation from which further community 
based thematic development can occur. The program has established for itself a valuable 
sense of purpose, driven by passion and commitment to change. In relation to the 
overarching aim of the program, this is an achievement that the CASWR should be proud 
of.
3.1. Characteristics of respondents
This evaluation was conducted through HHS, KII, and FGD. A total of 322 of respondents 
were interviewed through HHS of GADC’s and its NGOs partners’ targeted areas. They are 
from 06 different provinces (Table 2), districts and communes including Mondulkiri, 
Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampot, Pursat and Battambang. Amongst these 
provinces, the number of Pursat is the least compared to other 5 provinces because in 
Pursat there are few numbers too. Hence, the consultant decided not to randomize it. 
Table 2: Respondents attended in the HHS, KII and FGD by each province
Types 
of 
Respon
dents
BTB Pursat Kampong 
Chhnang
Kampong 
Speu Kampot MDK Total
F M F M F M F M F M F M
HHS 22 8 16 7 25 10 15 12 28 2 19 9 173
FGD 14 5 9 7 6 9 8 9 9 9 15 5 105
KII with 
duty 
bearers 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 24
KII with 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 12
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 14 | Page
CF
KII with 
PCs 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 4
KII with 
EDs 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 4
Total 322
The respondents in HHS ranged from 17-78 years old. Amongst the total respondents of 
173, it is observed that the majority of their age is group age from 31-40 years (Table 3); up 
to 62 people. And the minority is the group age from 61-78 years, only 7 people. It looks 
good because the 31-40 ones are those who are actively engaged in the project. They also 
are actively in community participation to advocate for their rights. 
Table 3: Respondents attended in the HHS by each age
Age of Respondents Male Female Total
Age Range
17-20 5 11 16
21-30 9 18 27
31-40 17 45 62
41-50 10 26 36
51-60 6 19 25
61-78 1 6 7
Total 48 125 173
In addition, the result from HHS indicated that there is a different ethnic of respondents in 
the survey with a total 173 including 149 is Khmer, 11 is Indigenous people and 13 is Islamic. 
It is noticed that amongst the 6 provinces, only Mondulkiri has indigenous and Islamic people 
while the other provinces have only Cambodians. At least this project included all different 
kinds of religions. 
Table 4: HHS Respondents by ethnic groups of each province
Province
Ethnic
Total
Khmer
Indigenous 
people Islamic
F M F M F M F M Total
Battambang 22 8 0 0 0 0 22 8 30
Kampong Chhnang 25 10 0 0 0 0 25 10 35
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 15 | Page
Kampong Speu 15 12 0 0 0 0 15 12 27
Kampot 28 2 0 0 0 0 28 2 30
Mondulkiri 3 1 8 3 8 5 19 9 28
Pursat 16 7 0 0 0 0 16 7 23
Total 109 40 8 3 8 5 124 48 173
The respondents in this survey mostly were 
women. It is up to 72.3% are female while 
we planned at least 50% of both sexes. Men 
are very busy in this season as they need to 
earn more, and to manage rice field or going 
out for other business. 
Figure 1: Respondent in HHS by sex
Furthermore, we found that there only 50 
(29%) out of 173 respondents (Figure 2)
who confirmed that they have poverty card 
(ID Poor) while the rest 123 (71%) do not 
have ones. This means project not only 
focus on poor but also with all kinds of 
people in the community. All people were 
encouraged to join the project activities. 
Figure 2: Respondent in HHS with ID 
Poor status
The majority of respondents showed that 
their most and important source of income is 
farming. Most of them 
are farmers. However, 
their other sources could 
include seller, worker, 
official, tailor, fishing and 
driver. 
Figure 3: Respondent 
in HHS source of 
income
In addition, 67% (1116 
of 173) of the 
respondents confirmed 
that the main household 
providers or income 
earners are husband and wife together. It is such an amazing change which men and women 
have the same right to work and earn income to support their family together without 
discrimination. 
50
123
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
ID Poor No ID Poor
Respondent
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 16 | Page
Figure 4: Respondent in HHS – Income earner
3.2. Progress against objective
Outcome 1: Women and youth are empowered to positively transform traditional practice 
in the societal and political institutions to further gender equality.
Knowledge
The result from the HHS indicated that 97% or 137 of 173 respondents aged from 17-78 
years demonstrated the increased knowledge related to women’s rights, gender, domestic 
violence and women in leadership while baseline result showed only 79%. At the same 
time, there are around 91% out of 105 of respondents through FGDs with men and women 
groups aged 18-63 years showed that they increased their knowledge on women’s rights, 
gender and domestic violence through awareness meetings and public forums in their 
community. They acknowledged that the daily work of women including housework, running 
the business and other income generation activities. Compared to the last 5 years, men 
have increased from 20% to 50% (respondents' estimation) of sharing their roles and 
responsibilities for housework among their family and wife. Based on the result of HHS by 
province (Figure 5), it is noticed that in Kampong Speu there are 9 out of 17 respondents 
answer no while the rest provinces confirmed yes 100%. 
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 17 | Page
Figure 5: Knowledge on Gender, women’s right and domestic violence by province
In addition, a result from HHS shows that there are 93% (162 of 173) of respondents strongly 
disagree and disagree that the idea of when women work, mean that women are snatching 
jobs away from men while 4% agreed and 3% do not know (Figure 6). Furthermore, there 
were 151 out of 173 which equal 87% of respondents from HHs survey expressed that 
women's rights did not come from deprivation of men's rights. 
Male and female respondents stated that gender equality and women’s rights were much 
beneficial for them, as it provided practical ways in which to interact, aware, and develop 
their own empowerment in jobs. It was reported that the program activities had helped 
change and increased their knowledge, which also further helps family relations. They felt 
that they could work more positively with their jobs and understand their developmental 
conditions better. They felt that they could work more positively with their jobs and 
understand their developmental conditions better. 
This result informs that the respondents seem understand more about the women’s right. 
They are positive when women can work or do any job like men. The sense of equality 
seems happen in this community. 
Figure 6: When asking if women are snatching away from men when they work
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 18 | Page
The HHS also reported that around 83% (143 of 173) of respondents totally disagreed about 
the statement that says “Women’s role is only take of the house and cook” (Figure 7). The 
respondent confirmed that women did not only take care of the house and cook for the 
family. After being involved in CASWR’s project, male and female beneficiaries stated that 
they were more confident to speak out and stand up for themselves when problems arose 
that affected either them or their family. Women and men highlighted that when they had 
realized and understood their rights, they tended to involve themselves more in productive 
roles. This enabled them to gain more power in the family, in terms of decision making, and 
generate more income to support their family. Women and girls felt that their knowledge 
sharing, in groups, helped empower them. Women believed that when women and girls were 
brave enough to speak out, and share what they had learned, they could easily become role 
models for other women and girls.
Figure 7: Role of women in the family
There are 90% (156 of 173) of respondents disagreed with the statement that says “A man 
should have great authority over the decision making of the household” and 10% agreed 
(Figure 8). The CASWR’s project team had empowered women and youth groups to hold 
regular monthly meetings with the CCWC in order to bring and raise their voice or challenges 
up to the meeting for seeking support. This collaboration strengthened the capability to 
exchange information, increased knowledge and plan for the future. These outcomes were 
recognized and had gained support from local authorities and governmental key 
stakeholders. The CASWR’s project staff attended monthly meetings with local duty bearers 
to help improve the collaborative relations that existed between NGOs and key stakeholders. 
They start aware that not only men who can make the decision in the family, but also women 
can do. 
Figure 8: Men are the main decision making in the house
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 19 | Page
HHS shows that there are 92% (160 of 173) of respondents disagreed to the statement that 
says “Only men were selected as team leader/representative in the community (savings 
group, other production group ...) while 8% agreed (Figure 9). It also shows the progress 
on understanding of gender equality especially women empowerment which is better. 
Figure 9: Only men can participate in political 
The result of the HHs survey showed that there were 73% or 125 of 173 of respondents who 
demonstrated attitude change related to women’s rights, gender, domestic violence, women 
in leadership. In addition, there were 151 out of 173 which equal 87% of respondents from 
HHs survey expressed that women's rights did not come from deprivation 
Attitude
The result of the HHS showed that there were 74% (125 of 173) of respondents who 
demonstrated attitude change related to women’s rights, gender, domestic violence, women 
in leadership while there are only 50% in baseline results. According to a result from HHS, 
there were 55% (96 of 173) of respondents who stated that role of take care of the house 
and cook for the family is not only women role but husband and wife together (Figure 10). 
Participants found the activities associated with sharing roles and responsibilities and 
management as transformational of the whole family response. This had produced a 
demonstrable personal and family impact. Both male and female beneficiaries stated that 
positive sharing roles had been beneficial for them in practical ways, helping them educate 
their children in a positive way. It was noted that beneficiaries cited changes in the modes 
of communication between husband, wife and children. It was noted that this had created 
noticeable changes in the family’s relationship. 
Figure 10: Understanding role of who is taking care of house and cook at home
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 20 | Page
Moreover, 65% (113 of 173) of respondents (Figure 11) mentioned that maintenance of 
crops in the field/plantation was the responsibility of husband and wife. Respondents felt 
that an overall strength of the project was its long-term inclusive and comprehensive 
approach. It was that the project had responded to the needs of women, youth and wider 
community members. This campaign approach appears to have gained attraction with other 
actors and stakeholders, from non-governmental to governmental institutions. Men and 
women believed that the development of a human’s rights and feminist approach was the 
key to its own success. It was that this dynamic helped women and girls benefit from valued 
services. It was largely felt that the complex and multifaceted activities of the CASWR’s 
project interventions had helped establish solutions to complex problems. 
Figure 11: Understanding role of who is maintenance of crops
Practice
According to the results from evaluation, there were 50% of respondents who demonstrated 
practice change related to women’s rights, gender, domestic violence, women in leadership 
while the result of baseline only 26%. It also indicated that there were 48% (84 of 173) 
respondents mentioned that housework is not only men or women responsible but those are 
responsible of men and women share roles and responsibility together equally. The level of 
practice is the highest change from the inside of the people. Having 50% of practice is a 
high rate compared to the year of implementation. It is profoundly great to have such a great 
result. 
Table 5: Share roles and responsibilities of men and women 
Housekeeping, house cleaning, toilet cleaning Male Female Total
I do all 4 68 72
Usually, I do 0 1 1
Share work equally and work together 30 54 84
Usually, my partner does 12 0 12
My partner does it all 2 1 3
Do not know 0 1 1
Total 48 125 173
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 21 | Page
Furthermore, 47% (81 of 173) of respondents demonstrated practiced change related to 
women’s rights and gender through they can share roles and responsibilities among their 
own family including animal care and farm management. (Figure 12)
Figure 12: Animal Care and Farm Management
Additionally, the consultant also collected data from FGDs (men and women group). They 
mentioned that domestic violence is a community issue; now men share their roles and 
responsibilities among their wife for housework especially women do have the rights in 
decision making even participation in any meeting or event and family expend. 
Outcome 2: An enabling environment for the participation and leadership of women 
and youth in decision making and political processes is improved. 
According to HHS results, there are 90% (156 of 173 citizens) of people that completed 
United States Government (SUG) assisted training report they are more engaged in the 
political process. Meanwhile, 94% out of 173 respondents mentioned that not only men were 
selected as team leader/representative in the community as a savings group, or other 
production group). 
The result from FGDs with men and women groups showed that they did not agree with the 
idea that women are not able to be a leader in their community. They mentioned that it would 
be great if they have a woman as a leader because they understand the issues of the women 
very well, especially both men and women can be the representative in the politics if they 
have the capacity and skills. According to the result of HHS, it indicated that 92% out of 173 
respondents showed that not only men can participate in political activities (running as a 
candidate) to lead a village/commune. 
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 22 | Page
The results of HHs survey and FGDs indicated that men and women are household leaders, 
both of them can make income for the family, so they are the main decision-makers 
especially in big things or a small thing for home-based work. 
3.3. By DAC Criteria
To keep it acceptable by the evaluation of development, TrustMe chose to evaluate the 
CAWSR project based on the OECD-DAC evaluation criteria including relevance, 
Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact and Sustainability (OECD, 2012). The following criteria 
described as: 
DAC Criteria Relevant Questions
Relevance: The extent to which the 
objectives of a development intervention 
are consistent with beneficiaries’ 
requirements, country needs, global 
priorities and partner’ and donor’s 
policies.
To what extent are the objectives of the 
CASWR project still valid? Are the activities 
and outputs of the CASWR project consistent 
with the overall goal and the attainment of its 
objectives? Are they consistent with 
government policy?
Effectiveness: The extent to which the 
development intervention’s objectives 
were achieved or are expected to be 
achieved taking into account their relative 
importance.
To what extent to date, have the objectives 
been achieved or are likely to be achieved and 
what are the major factors influencing the 
achievement or non-achievement of the 
objectives?
Efficiency: A measure of how 
economically resources/ inputs (funds 
expertise time etc.) are converted to 
results.
Were activities cost-efficient? Were objectives 
achieved on time? Was the project 
implemented in the most efficient way 
compared to alternatives?
Impact: The positive and negative 
primary and secondary long-term effects 
produced by a development intervention 
directly or indirectly intended or 
unintended.
What real difference have the activities made 
to the beneficiaries? How many people have 
been affected?
Sustainability: The continuation of 
benefits from a development intervention 
after major development assistance has 
been completed. The probability of 
continued long-term benefits.
To what extent are the benefits of the 
programme likely to continue after donor 
funding ceased? What are the major factors 
which will influence the achievement of 
sustainability of the program?
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 23 | Page
Relevance
The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) is promoting gender equality in all sectors. For 
instance, the Constitution of Cambodia article 45 states that “all forms of discrimination 
against women shall be abolished. The exploitation of women in employment is prohibited. 
Men and women are equal in all fields especially with respect to marriage and family matters. 
Marriage shall be conducted according to law, based on the principle of mutual consent 
between one husband and one wife”. In addition, the United Nations Sustainable 
Development Goal (SGD) also prioritizes gender equality. The SDG goal 5 is to achieve 
gender equality and empower all women and girls. It is to ensure women’s full and effective 
participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in 
political, economic and public life. 
Before the project was implemented in the target area, the level of understanding on gender, 
women’s rights, and women leadership was still low. The level of women engagement in the 
political process is still limited though RCG focuses on it. The project goal is to build 
linkages between civil society, local communities, and government by increasing women 
and youth participation and leadership in the political process in Cambodia. It is completely 
aligned with the government and SDG priorities. It responded to the right needs of the 
community through various education programs and advocacy campaigns. 
“The CASWR Project does not only help provide awareness raising to the community 
people and transform their behavior but also it helps strengthen my capacity as the 
CCWC in my commune. I understand more about the roles and responsibilities of 
myself. In addition, I have engaged more with different stakeholders to solve 
domestic violence cases which women never dare to raise.”, A quote from KII with a 
CCWC in Pursat. 
Table 6: Update main outcome indicators
Outcome Indicators Baseline Evaluation
1
% of Respondents who demonstrated increased 
knowledge relate to women’s rights, gender, 
domestic violence, women in leadership.
79% 97%
% of Respondents who demonstrated 
attitude/perception change relate to women’s 
rights, gender, domestic violence, women in 
leadership. 
49.7% 74%
% of Respondents who demonstrated Practice 
change relate to women’s rights, gender, 
domestic violence, women in leadership. 
26% 50%
2 % of citizens that complete United States 
Government (USG) assisted training that report 
they are more engaged in the political process.
50% 90%
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 24 | Page
Efficiency
The program interventions have benefitted from efficient systems of implementation. Some 
areas, such as awareness and public forums may benefit from further investment in 
community related activities. Some activities were completed in accordance with the work 
plan, with program intervention changes mostly due to the lack of resources (Fund transfer 
from donors was late) and the impact of COVID-19. With regards to financial management, 
it was felt that CASWR invented and used its resources appropriately, in the delivery of 
program activities. However, from the design perspective, some aspects proved challenging 
over the course and duration of time. Project staff claimed that the project resources used 
in the development of the activities in the first period of the program implementation, was 
not enough. To some extent, it can be argued that this dimension has affected the 
overarching impact of the program. However, it was also noted that the CASWR project did 
not have staff resources that are dedicated to the monitoring and evaluation of each and 
every activity. As such, this should represent an area for consideration and future 
development
Impact
For those that were engaged, the program has had a positive impact on the lives of women, 
girls, their families and the communities in which they live. The positive effects include the 
promotion of women’s empowerment and human rights, based on personal and group 
development. This process has provided a foundation from which further community based 
thematic development can occur. 
Sustainability
The main factor that encourages sustainability is the recognition of the program’s 
inclusiveness and comprehensiveness. Participants felt that an overall strength of the 
program was its long-term human’s right and feminist approach, that was the key to its own 
success. It was felt that this dynamic helped women and girls benefit from valued services 
including capacity building and women’s empowerment. It was largely felt that the complex 
and multifaceted activities of the CASWR’s interventions, had helped establish solutions to 
complex problems. Furthermore, with an overarching evidence base indicating need and 
demand, future funding could be identified and secured, to build on the program’s 
partnership-based success.
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 25 | Page
4. CONCLUSION
Based on the HHs and FGDs survey and the review of annual reports, it was evident that 
the program interventions were relevant in response to the needs of women and girls, family 
members and community members. The program took comprehensive measures in 
identifying the needs and interests of the target groups throughout the program cycle. 
Furthermore, the program interventions were proven to have been effective, with regards to 
the:
➢ Improved knowledge of beneficiaries including CCBT, CCG, youth group and relevant 
stakeholders.
➢ Improved psychological support for women and youth.
➢ Behavioral changes of community members and key stakeholders towards women 
and girls’ rights. 
➢ Local Governmental collaboration, which raised public awareness or forums on 
ending violence against women and girls.
This program has improved the circumstances of many families. Substantially improved 
family wellbeing and improving the relations that underpin the family. In short this has helped 
bring a renewed focus on the importance of establishing equity amongst men and women. 
In this sense, the program has been and was responsible for improving the status of local 
women. 
This program has delivered activities that have challenged normality, and redressed 
inequality. By engaging in program activities, women and men have been able to increase 
their knowledge around a shared priority. In doing so, and in many cases, families have 
become firmer and fairer as a result. As such, it can be said that the program has been 
transformative, as many women now have the capability and confidence to deal equitably, 
in decision-making and family conflict. 
In conclusion, it would appear that a significant number of dated attitudes, associated with 
women and youth have been challenged and in places, changed. In doing so, greater 
recognition and positive outcomes have been brought to bear on an important, if not primary 
social injustice. 
5. LESSONS LEARNT 
This project evaluation provides information from the data that is credible and useful and 
suggests incorporating lessons learned into the decision-making process of both recipients 
and donors. Lessons learned highlight strengths or weaknesses in the preparation, design, 
and implementation of the CASWR project and its outcomes. 
Project Design 
● The project design and approach are relevant. The project addressed the real issues of 
women who used to be treated unwell. The project transformed the knowledge, attitude 
and practice of men and women in the context of men as household leads. Men started 
to value women and give opportunities for women to participate in the community without 
any restriction. 
● The biggest lesson learnt for GADC comes from the start of the grant competition. It is 
considered to be one of the biggest projects which GADC received from USAID. This is 
new to them in terms of the proposal development process, partner selection, and grant 
management. However, it is a great opportunity for GADC and other NGO partners to 
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 26 | Page
show up their capacity in leading and implementing such a high-profile project in 
Cambodia. 
Implementation Approach
● The project applied the human’s rights-based and feminist approach through having 
CCBT and CCG for implementing activities or reaching out to local authorities. They play 
very important roles in echo training to the community people after they got trained from 
the project staff. However, some of them did not have enough time to get ready for echo 
training. The time was so rushed for them to prepare the content for training to the 
community. 
● The training manual is not the same amongst all partners for almost a year. Staff from 
each NGO work based on what they could do to fulfil the performance indicators. 
● Youth Camp is a new approach that enables women, widows, and most vulnerable 
groups to realize and increase self-esteem. They started to see themselves as more 
valuable through motivation and team building activities. 
● The project mostly focused on the awareness raising of women since the project aims to 
empower and promote them in society. However, men are also the key actors toward 
gender equality transformation. The project should enable men and women to have 
special meet up event so that they can openly discuss their concerns to one another. In 
addition, the training should be provided to both men and women so that both parties 
understand the same things. 
● Most of the direct beneficiaries join the activities only once. The project required a big 
number of participants which made the project try not to conduct with the same villages. 
Staffing
● Allocating 2 CF per province is enough. However, only one project manager in GADC 
who manages 3 provinces is a bit challenging for her to fully support the 6 CF. She has 
more tasks to do including training manual and other document review which takes more 
time for her to support the CF in terms of program impact. 
● Since the CF is recruited at the local level, most of them have limited capacity in project 
concepts, financial, administrative and especially report writing skills. This takes more 
time for CF to proceed with their work. 
● Late staff recruitment and staff turnover caused substantial challenges for this project. 
Funding 
● USAID applied the reimbursement principle which took a long time especially during the 
first year of the project. It is challenging for the NGO partners which do not have enough 
reserved funds to implement the project activities. 
● Late budget allocation flows also affected the recruitment process and project 
implementation. However, some NGOs had a small amount of budget allocated to work 
with local authorities in terms–of implementing the project and reimbursed after the fund 
receipt from the GADC or USAID.
Monitoring and Evaluation
● It is observed that the M&E role becomes everyone’s part in each responsibility. 
Meanwhile, the project has developed its monitoring system for all NGOs. However, it 
has not been applied on the same page. More importantly, the lack of computers became 
a constraint for field staff; they could not track their activities into the M&E system even 
if they used smartphones. Those smartphones are mostly used (Camscanner) to fulfill 
finance and administration rather than for M&E purposes. Yet, it would be a burden for 
PCs to enter all data into the M&E system instead.
● In MEL’s plan should mentioned roles and responsibilities of all NGO partners in the 
process of monitoring (how to collect data and frequency, focal staff) 
Collective Actions to Support Women’s Rights – CASWR Project 
Final Evaluation Report – 2021 27 | Page
6. RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE PROJECT 
Project Design
● The project management committee should have its Standard Project Operation Manual 
(SPOM) for all partners to use. The SPOM is helpful for all project staff to comply and 
work on the same page from the beginning of the project. 
● In the project design, there is no clearly defined risk management strategy. It is very 
important for a project to set it clear ahead for what the risks are, and how the project 
staff mitigate those potential risks in the future. Hence, for further projects, GADC should 
take it seriously for the risk management strategy in the proposal.
● The project design document should define the focal person in order to be responsible 
for monitoring, tracking and validation. 
Implementation Approach
● Through the project evaluation, it is observed that the number of male respondents is 
fewer than female ones. It also shows that the male beneficiaries are also fewer. The 
project should next time consider working with more men in all project activities to ensure 
they understand and contribute to promoting gender equality. 
● Though the relationship between project staff and the commune level is good, the project 
should focus on building better relationships at the district level by promoting the 
communication protocol with official invitation or letter rather than verbal communication.
● Having CCBT and CCG is the best approach. However, the project should consider 
building capacity more critically to ensure they are fully able to deliver the echo training 
to the community more effectively. 
Staffing
● Project Coordinators’ role is critical to drive the project direct implementation 
successfully. If they have less time to support field staff, the project tends to have more 
challenging situations. The project should clearly define the scope of work of only one 
PC in GADC as she needs to work harder. 
● CF in some provinces should be trained more on the technical skill of working to ensure 
they able to fully implement the project effectively in terms of report writing, M&E tracking 
etc.
Monitoring and Evaluation
● The designed monitoring system, especially beneficiary should be classified by each 
component (village and vulnerable criteria etc.). 
● Each implementing partner and GADC should apply the same monitoring system which 
is easy to manage and track all project data.
7. RELEVANT ANNEXES
o List of document review
o Data collection schedule
o Questionnaires
o Terms of Reference
Appendix 1 – List of Documents Reviewed
No Document Name Description Document Type
1 USAID_CASWR_ MEL 
Plan_Round II
Monitoring, Evaluation 
and Learning Plan 
(MEL)
M & E
2 USAID CASWR LogFrame USAID Logframe: 2018-
2021
Collective Action to 
Support Women’s 
Rights
Project Log-frame
3 GADC 72044218GR00004 -
Mod P001
Detail the project 
description
Project Proposal
4 Form #2b_Guidance 
Common Indicators-GADC
Guidance USAD 
Standard Performance 
Indicators
Indicators
5 M&E Y1,2,3 Indicator Tracking Table 
on an annual basis. 
Monitoring Sheet
6 CASWR_Annual Report 
Nov 2018 - Sep 2019_Final
Progress report 
required to send to 
Annual Report
donors every end of the 
year. 
7 CASWR_Annual Report 
Nov 2019 - Sep 2020_Final
Progress report 
required to send to 
donors every end of the 
year. 
8 CASWR_Annual 
Report_Nov 2020 - Sep 
2021_Final
Progress report 
required to send to 
donors every end of the 
year. 
TrustMe Consultancy Service
No Province District Commune Village Name of 
Tool
Respondent 
Type Date Repsonsible 
Person Role
Commune KII CCWC 2021-11-19 Koy Phearun Team Lead
District KII WCCC 2021-11-19 Koy Phearun Team Lead
Commune KII Commune 
Leader 2021-11-19 Koy Phearun Team Lead
Commune KII Commune 
Police 2021-11-19 Koy Phearun Team Lead
ED KII 2021-11-30 Koy Phearun Team Lead
PC KII 2021-11-30 Koy Phearun Team Lead
CF KII 2021-11-30 Koy Phearun Team Lead
CF KII 2021-11-30 Koy Phearun Team Lead
Pou Kroch FGD Men 2021-11-21 Thy Vaty Data Collector
Pou Kreng FGD Women​ 2021-11-21 Sok Yeng Data Collector
Pou Kroch Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Thy Vaty Data Collector
Pou Radeth Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Sok Yeng Data Collector
Pou Kreng Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-20 Thy Vaty Data Collector
Snay Anchit Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Sok Yeng Data Collector
Doun Ov Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Thy Vaty Data Collector
Taphul Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Sok Yeng Data Collector
Prey Khcheay Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Thy Vaty Data Collector
Damnak 
Chheu Kroam
Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-20 Sok Yeng Data Collector
ED KII 2021-11-27 Koy Phearun Team Lead
PC KII 2021-11-27 Koy Phearun Team Lead
CF KII 2021-11-27 Koy Phearun Team Lead
Srae 
Ampoum
2 Chum Kiri
Appendix 2: Data Collection Schedule for Evaluation of CASWR
1 Mondul 
Kiri Pecheda
Kampot Snay Anchit
CF KII 2021-11-27 Koy Phearun Team Lead
Commune KII CCWC 2021-11-19 Nop Monorum Field Supervisor
District KII WCCC 2021-11-19 Nop Monorum Field Supervisor
Commune KII Commune 
Leader 2021-11-19 Nop Monorum Field Supervisor
Commune KII Commune 
Police 2021-11-19 Nop Monorum Field Supervisor
Snay Anchit FGD Men 2021-11-18 Nop Monorum Field Supervisor
Damnak 
Chheu Kroam FGD Women​ 2021-11-18 Nop Monorum Field Supervisor
Commune KII CCWC 2021-11-15 La Chhot Field Supervisor
District KII WCCC 2021-11-15 La Chhot Field Supervisor
Chhay Balaing FGD Men 2021-11-15 La Chhot Field Supervisor
Cheung Tenh FGD Women​ 2021-11-15 La Chhot Field Supervisor
ED AMARA KII 2021-11-29 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
PC AMARA KII 2021-11-27 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
CF AMARA KII 2021-11-29 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
CF AMARA KII 2021-11-30 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
Ra Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-15 Nov 
Chanbuntha Data Collector
Samrong Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-16 Moeurt Somon Data Collector
Chhay Balaing Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-17 Nov 
Chanbuntha Data Collector
Cheung Tenh Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Moeurt Somon Data Collector
Ta Thok Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-15 Nov 
Chanbuntha Data Collector
Kantuot Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-16 Moeurt Somon Data Collector
Kok Poan Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-17 Nov 
Chanbuntha Data Collector
Boeng Snor Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Moeurt Somon Data Collector
Tuol Mtes Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-15 Nov 
Chanbuntha Data Collector
3 Koh Kralor Thebdei Battamba
ng
Kon Prum Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-16 Moeurt Somon Data Collector
Boeng Raing Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-17 Nov 
Chanbuntha Data Collector
Commune KII CCWC 2021-11-18 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
District KII WCCC 2021-11-19 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
Commune KII Commune 
Leader 2021-11-19 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
Commune KII Commune 
Police 2021-11-19 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
Or Russey 
village FGD Men 2021-11-18 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
Srae Chorng 
village FGD Women​ 2021-11-18 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
ED GADC KII 2021-11-30 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
PC GADC KII Project 
Coordinator 2021-11-24 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
CF GADC KII 2021-11-25 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
CF GADC KII 2021-11-25 Sous Vannoeun Team Lead
Or Rumchang Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Kesey Soksam Data Collector
Bak Chen 
Chien
Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Siek Masi Data Collector
Krabao Chrum Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Kesey Soksam Data Collector
Chan Serei Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Siek Masi Data Collector
Tuol Pongro Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Siek Masi Data Collector
Or Russey Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Kesey Soksam Data Collector
Kampong 
Khtum
Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-20 Siek Masi Data Collector
Srae Chorng Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-20 Kesey Soksam Data Collector
4 Pursat Kravanh Bak Chen 
Chien
Damnak Ampil Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-20 Siek Masi Data Collector
Commune KII CCWC 2021-11-18 Sann Ra Field Supervisor
District KII WCCC 2021-11-18 Sann Ra Field Supervisor
Commune KII Commune 
Leader 2021-11-18 Sann Ra Field Supervisor
Commune KII Commune 
Police 2021-11-18 Sann Ra Field Supervisor
Serey FGD Men 2021-11-18 Sann Ra Field Supervisor
Deum Chrey FGD Women​ 2021-11-18 Sann Ra Field Supervisor
CF GADC 2021-11-28 Sann Ra Field Supervisor
CF GADC 2021-11-28 Sann Ra Field Supervisor
Snor Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Boeun Sreynich Data Collector
Deum Chrey Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Soeun 
Koemsan Data Collector
Serey Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Boeun Sreynich Data Collector
Lbeuk Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-18 Soeun 
Koemsan Data Collector
Kanseng Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Boeun Sreynich Data Collector
Dok Por Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Soeun 
Koemsan Data Collector
Kork Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Boeun Sreynich Data Collector
Popel Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Soeun 
Koemsan Data Collector
Trapeang Por Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Boeun Sreynich Data Collector
Kampong Ou Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Soeun 
Koemsan Data Collector
Commune KII CCWC 2021-11-19 Kong Sonin Field Supervisor
District KII WCCC 2021-11-19 Kong Sonin Field Supervisor
Commune KII Commune 
Leader 2021-11-19 Kong Sonin Field Supervisor
5 Kampong 
Chhnang Boribor Khun Rorng
 
Commune KII Commune 
Police 2021-11-19 Kong Sonin Field Supervisor
Monorum FGD Men 2021-11-19 Kong Sonin Field Supervisor
Taing Robong FGD Women​ 2021-11-19 Kong Sonin Field Supervisor
CF GADC KII 2021-11-29 Koy Phearun Team Lead
CF GADC KII 2021-11-29 Koy Phearun Team Lead
Taing Robong Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Kreb Seng Data Collector
Champey Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Saem Sarin Data Collector
Dei Chhnang Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Kreb Seng Data Collector
Kraing Tava Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Saem Sarin Data Collector
Kraing Korki Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-19 Kreb Seng Data Collector
Kraing Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-20 Saem Sarin Data Collector
Prey Tortoeng Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-20 Kreb Seng Data Collector
Monorum Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-20 Saem Sarin Data Collector
Tuol Thnorng Household 
Survey
Households 
(HHs) 2021-11-20 Saem Sarin Data Collector
6 Kampong 
Speu Aoral Hong 
Samnam
1
Questionnaires for Knowledge, Attitude and Practice 
End-line Evaluation
Section 1: Demographic Characteristics
No Questionnaires Answers
1.1 Province
1.2 District
1.3 Commune
1.4 Village
1.5 Order of questionnaire
1.6 Interview Date
1.7 Start time
1.8 End time
1.9 Name of Respondent
1.10 Sex of Respondent Male.................................1
Female.............................2
Other…….………………96
1.11 Age of Respondent
1.12 Do you hold the Cambodian poverty ID Card? Yes...................................1
No....................................2
If yes, note.........................
1.13 Marital Civic Single…...………………...1
Married……………………2
Widow…………………….3
Widower………………….4
Others…………………...96
Don’t know…………….888
No 
answer…………………..99
9
1.14 Who is the head of household? 
‘Head of household’ is the person who 
manages/leads the house in daily life
Husband...........................1
Wife..................................2
Other..............................96
Specify_______________
_____________________
1.15 What is your ethnicity/nationality.? Cambodian.......................1
Vietnamese......................2
Lao………………...………3
Chinese...........................4
Thai..................................5
Minority …………….…….6
Others............................96 
Specify:_______________
Do not know...…………888
No answer….….………999
1.16 What grade have you studied? ………………
1.17 How many members are living in your family? 
(Exclude respondent)
Total: …………………
Male: ……………….
Female: ……………
2
1.18 Who is the main household provider in your family? Husband/Wife………...….1
Brother/sister…………….2
Parents……………………3
Myself……………………..4
Other…………………….96 
Specify_______________
_____________________
1.19 What is your occupation? Farmers…….…………….1
Seller……………….….….2
Worker….…………………3
Government officials…….4
Others…………………96
Specify_______________
Do not know………….888
No answer……………..999
1.20 What is the main income source in your family? Farmers…….…………….1
Seller……………….….….2
Worker….…………………3
Government officials…….4
Others…………………96
Specify_______________
Do not know………….888
No answer……………..999
Section 2: Percentage of people who have Completed USG assisted civil 
Education programs that demonstrate increase knowledge
Part 2.1: Asking you about general understanding on gender
2.1.1 Have you ever heard, participated in, 
or seen any campaign or activities 
promoting gender and women’s rights 
in your area? 
Yes......................................................1
No.......................................................2
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.1.2 If yes, do you know which institutions 
or organization conducted these 
events?
GADC……………………………...……1
ACT………………………………......…2
AMARA…………………………………3
WPM…………………………………….4
CCWC……………………………….….5
Others…………………………………96 
Please specify___________________
2.1.3 When women work, they are taking 
jobs away from men. 
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.1.4 Women's rights come from the 
revocation of men.
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
3
2.1.5 If a woman is entitled means men 
lose their rights
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.1.6 The most important role of a woman 
is to take care of the home and cook 
for the family only.
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.1.7 Men should have great power to 
decide on jobs in his home
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.1.8 Currently, men and women really 
have equality (rights and decisions)
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.1.9 Strengthening gender equality is 
improving
Gender-sided equality between men 
and women is getting better (e.g. 
decisions, participation....)
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.1.10 Trying to make gender equality 
between men and women only gives 
most benefits to the rich
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
Part 2.2: This section will ask you about understanding the role of women and 
men in earning money for families and making decisions in spending money or 
spending time in the family (economics)
2.2.1 Earning a living is the role of men 
only. 
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.2.2 Only men have the right to decide to 
use the money they earn
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
4
2.2.3 Who is the income earner in your 
family? 
Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.2.4 Who buy the food and clothes? Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.2.5 Who can spend money on big things 
including buy a car, a house, or any 
other materials?
Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
Part 2.3: Ask your idea about the perspective on dividing the roles of women and 
men on housework. 
2.3.1 Who is responsible for taking care of 
home and cooking all food for the 
family members? 
Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.3.2 Who plays the role of changing the 
gastrointestinal tract for your child to 
feed it?
Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.3.3 Buying food, cooking for family and 
children
Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.3.4 Care/Shepherd the cattle Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.3.5 Care of crops in the field/farm Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
5
Part 2.4: will ask your thoughts on the real practice of dividing the roles of women 
and men to domestic affairs
2.4.1 Who is responsible for taking care of 
home and cooking all food for the 
family members?
I do all……………..……………………1
Normally, I do…………………………..2
Work/share together.…………………3
Normally my partner does……………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.4.2 Who plays the role of changing the 
gastrointestinal tract for your child to 
feed it?
I do all……………..……………………1
Normally, I do…………………………..2
Work/share together.…………………3
Normally my partner does……………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.4.3 Buying food, cooking for family and 
children 
I do all……………..……………………1
Normally, I do…………………………..2
Work/share together.…………………3
Normally my partner does……………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.4.4 Care/Shepherd the cattle I do all……………..……………………1
Normally, I do…………………………..2
Work/share together.…………………3
Normally my partner does……………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.4.5 Care of crops in the field/farm I do all……………..……………………1
Normally, I do…………………………..2
Work/share together.……….…………3
Normally my partner does…….………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
Part 2.5: This section will ask you about understanding the role of women and 
men in earning money for families and making decisions to spend money or 
spending time in the family (economy)
2.5.1 Earning a living is the role of men only 
man
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.5.2 Only men have the right to decide to 
use the money they earn
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.5.3 Income Role for Your Family Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
You and other people together………5
6
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.5.4 Buying food and clothes Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
You and other people together………5
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.5.5 Big expenses including buying cars, 
house and other equipment
Husband…………..……………………1
Wife……………………………………..2
Husband and wife ……………………3
Other people...…………………………4
You and other people together………5
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
Part 2.6: Understanding on participation and women’s rights for societal 
leadership. 
2.6.1 Only men who have rights to join 
social events including ceremony, 
parties, etc…)
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.6.2 Only men who are elected to be the 
leader or representative of community 
groups (saving groups or other CBO)
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
2.6.3 Only men who are able to participate 
in political activities including politic 
candidacy to be village or commune 
chief. 
Extremely disagree……………………1
Disagree………………………………..2
Agree……………………………………3
Strongly agree…………………………4
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
Section 3: Community participation to promote women’s rights. 
3.1 How many types of domestic 
violence?
…………………………………………..
3.2 What are those types of domestic 
violence? 
Physical DV…………………………….1
Mental DV………………………………2
Economical DV………………………...3
Sexual DV………………………………4
Others………………………………....96
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………...999
3.3 Have you ever seen any domestic 
violent activities in your community?
Yes………………………………………1
No……………………………………….2
3.4 In your community, who are the 
prompt helpers when there is 
domestic violence happening? 
Family members……………………….1
Neighbor………………………………..2
Friends………………………………….3
7
Others…………………………………96
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………..999
3.5 In your community, who are the 
responsible for solving the domestic 
violence? 
Family members……………………….1
Police……………………………………2
Village leader…………………………..3
CCWC…………………………………..4
Other…………………………………..96
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………..999
3.6 Do you think the domestic violence or 
violence again women and children 
are the community issue? 
Yes………………………………………1
No……………………………………….2
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………..999
3.7 When there is domestic violence, do 
local authorities take action to solve? 
Yes………………………………………1
No……………………………………….2
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………..999
3.8 Does your community have the 
supporting mechanism for the 
victims?
Yes………………………………………1
No……………………………………….2
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………..999
3.9 What are those the supporting 
mechanisms? 
3.10 Have the local authorities ever 
provided awareness raising on the 
prevention of domestic violence? 
Yes………………………………………1
No……………………………………….2
Do not know…………………………888
No answer…………………………..999
3.11 How can men as husbands/partners, 
fathers, sons, and other family 
members, support women’s role in 
leadership?
3.12 What can be done more to encourage 
more women's rights participation?
Section 4: Community participation in the process of election 
4.1 Have you or any female members in 
your family ever participated in the 
process of election? 
Yes………………………………………1
No……………………………………….2
4.2 If yes, what are the activities you 
participated? 
The process of checking the voter list1
Choosing candidate to be candidacy.2
Campaign in election………………….3
Investigate in election day……………4
Others………………………………..96
Do not know……………………….888
No answer…………………………999
QUESTIONNAIRES FOR FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD)
WITH MEN AND WOMEN 
END-LINE EVALUATION
Before beginning the interview and focus group discussion, the consultant team will start 
with the project description, objective of the survey, ethnical protocol, informant consent 
agreement, and confidentiality. The consultant will also build confident with respondents 
before asking all the questions. 
Section 1: Demographic Characteristics
No Questionnaires Answer
1.1 Province
1.2 District
1.3 Commune
1.4 Village
1.5 # of men/women/others
1.6 Age range
1.7 Interview Date
1.8 Name of interview
Section 2: the perception and understanding on gender
No Questionnaires Answer
2.1 Have you ever heard, participated in, or seen any campaign or 
activities promoting gender and women’s rights in your area? 
2.2 What does the word “Gender” mean to you? 
2.3 Generally, what are the common daily tasks women do in their 
family? (Housework, outside work or any income generation 
activities)
2.4 What do men help women in the daily task in the families? 
2.5 Between men and women, who do you think work more on 
these mentioned tasks? Why? 
2.6 Who is the main decision-maker in your family? 
2.7 What kind of task that women can make the decision? 
2.8 What do you think about this statement? “Only men who have 
rights to participate in social event including ceremonies, 
parties, etc.) or spend the money they earn” 
2.9 What do you think about this statement? “Only men who have 
rights to be the leaders/representatives of the community 
group” 
2.10 What do you think about this statement? “Only men that have 
rights to participate in political action to be elected as commune 
chief or village leader” 
2.11 What do you think if there are women as leaders in your 
commune? Why? 
2.12 Have you or any female members in your family participated in 
the election process? 
Section 3: About domestic violence
No Questionnaires Answer
3.1 What are the domestic violence activities? 
3.2 Have you ever seen the domestic violence happening in your 
community? 
3.3 Do you think the domestic violence, violence against women 
and children is the issue of the community or not? 
3.4 When there is domestic violence in your community, who are 
the primary helpers? 
3.5 When there is domestic violence, do the local authorities help 
solve it out? 
3.6 Before and after COVID19, is the participation of community 
decreased? Why? 
3.7 Have you ever felt hesitated to join the project activities? 
3.8 Have you ever participated in the project activities through 
online platform? 
1
KII questionnaires for evaluation 
KII Questionnaires for CCWC, WCCC, CC, Police
Evaluation
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
Date of interview
Name of interviewer
Name of interviewee
Sex
Age
Position
Province
District
Commune
II. PROJECT VISIBILITY
1- Do you know if the CASWR 
program is being implemented 
in your District, Commune and 
Community? (Note: Gender)
1) Yes
2) No 
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
2- How long has the CASWR 
project been working in your 
District, Commune and 
Community? (Single choice)
1) 0-6 month 
2) 6 month-1year
3) 1- 2 Years 
4) 2-3 Years
5) More than 3 years
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
3- Do you know what the 
objectives of the project are?
(Multiple choice)
1) Women and youth are empowered to positively 
transform societal and political institutions to further 
gender equality and end GBV 
2) Women and youth have favorable space to participate, 
lead and voice their concerns and needs
3) A stronger and better-mobilized network is built 
through more effective evidence-based advocacy.
4) Project partners and newly created SNCBT have 
increased knowledge to better advocate for women’s 
leadership and political participation.
5) Women, youth and men have more knowledge and 
skills on human rights, gender analysis, facilitation and 
advocacy, women’s leadership and conflict 
transformation.
6) Women and youth have favorable space to participate, 
lead and voice their concerns and needs
7) Gender issues are considered by the relevant 
authorities in their agenda
8) Evidence based information is captured and collected 
and used to lobby and influence the policy makers
2
KII questionnaires for evaluation 
9) Other: ................................................................
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
4- How good is your 
communication with the project 
staff/team? (Single choice) 
1) Very poor
2) Poor
3) Fair
4) Good
5) Very good
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
5- What, if anything, reduces 
your ability to participate in 
project activities? (Single 
choice)
6- What suggestion do you have 
to improve 
participation/engagement in 
the project activities?
II. Authority Engagement and Support
7- Have you ever joined any training conducted 
by the project staff? (Single choice)
1) Yes
2) No
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
7.1 If yes, what activities have you learnt during 
the training/program?
1) ………………………………………….
2) …………………………………………
3) …………………………………………
4) …………………………………………
5) …………………………………………
6) …………………………………………
7) …………………………………………
8) …………………………………………
9) Other: ................................................
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
7.2 How do you think those activities benefit the 
community? 
7.3 Which activities are the most important ones 
or they are interested the most? Why? 
3
KII questionnaires for evaluation 
7.4. If no, what barriers prevent you from 
attending the training provided by the program?
8- How have those training topics helped you or 
increased your knowledge in responding to 
CASWR as the CCWC?
9- Have you ever applied what you have 
learned with other people in your community 
or in your roles and responsibility? (Single 
choice)
1) Yes
2) No
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
9.1 If yes, how did you apply the training you 
received?
9.2. If no, why have you not been able to apply 
the training?
10- How would you rate your confidence in 
carrying out your role in respect of CASWR 
project implementation? (Single choice)
1) Very poor Not confident at all
2) Poor
3) Fair
4) Very good
888) Don’t know
999) No respond 
11- Has the project organized the reflection 
meeting to decide on the gender issues that 
are brought in by women and youth in council 
meetings, and reflect the needs of women 
and girls? 
1) Yes
2) No (If no, skip to question 14)
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
12- Has the meeting been helpful for you to 
understand more about CASWR mechanisms 
in your area?
(Single choice)
1) Yes
2) No
888) Don’t know
999) No respond 
12.1. If yes, how is it helpful? 
13-Do you have any suggestions to improve its 
service?
4
KII questionnaires for evaluation 
14-Have you ever referred the issues raised by 
women and youth to the project? 
(Single choice)
1) Yes
2) No
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
14.1. If yes. How often have you referred?
15-How did your response to those issues were 
raised? 
16-Have you ever joined events conducted by 
the elected officials and members of the 
public forum? (Single choice)
1) Yes
2) No
888) Don’t know
999) No respond 
16.1 If yes, what are the benefits from that event?
16.2. If no, what barriers prevent you from 
attending the training provided by the program?
17-Has the project contributed to strengthening 
your cooperation with villages, communes 
and other NGOs in your area? (Single 
choice)
3) Yes
4) No
888) Don’t know
999) No respond 
17.1. If yes, how is your cooperation with 
villages, communes and other NGOs in your 
area?
17.2. If not, what barriers prevent you from 
having better cooperation with villages, 
communes and other NGOs in your area?
18-Have you received support from sub-national 
quarterly meetings to share information and 
seek support from the relevant roles when 
necessary (women leaders at provincial, 
district, commune, youth, NGOs, CSOs)?
(Single choice)
1) Yes
2) No
888) Don’t know
999) No respond 
18.1. If yes, what is the benefit to CSWR, your 
roles and responsibility?
18.2. If not, what barriers prevent you from 
having better cooperation with the project in your 
area?
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KII questionnaires for evaluation 
III. PROGRAM IMPACT AND SUSTAINABILITY
19-How are the achieved results going to be sustained after 
this project ends, especially the empowerment of women 
and gender equity? 
20- What elements of the project (in order of priority) should 
continue if further funding is available?
21- What documentation of project activities, new knowledge 
and practice has been conducted? 
22- What are the key lessons learned that can be shared 
with other practitioners on empowering women and girls? 
23- Can you tell us one thing about the things that you think 
are working the best?
24-What strategies and approaches are successful in 
engaging male activities in shifting the gender inequality 
of women in decision-making?
25-When the program ends, will the community focal 
events/action and annual reflection on gender continue to 
do it? (Single choice)
1) Yes
2) No
888) Don’t know
999) No respond
33.1. If yes, how do you think it will continue to work without 
the program's support?
26- Do you have any general comments?
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KII questionnaires for evaluation 
IV. Covid outbreak section
27-How did the program 
continuously support you in 
terms of training, meeting 
and other activities during 
Covid-19 outbreak?
28-Has the program supported 
you with the advice of 
preventing you from the 
Covid-19 infection? If yes, 
how?
29-Has the program supported 
you with the materials to 
prevent you from Covid-19 
infection? If yes, how?
1
KII questionnaires for evaluation with GADC and NGO partners
KII Questionnaires for evaluation with GADC and NGO partners
I- For both of Community Facilitator and project Coordinator)
1.1. How long have you been working with the project?
1.2. From the beginning, what was the most difficult part of the project?
a . Project set up?
b . Administrative matter?
c . Building Relationships with local authority and community (women in human 
rights)?
1.3. Is the project implementation on track?
● If “Yes” why? And 
● If “No” why? 
Please provide detail……………………………………………………………………………
1.4. What are the problems or challenges during the project implementation? 
1.5. What are the key successful points in this project? What are the factors 
contributing to achieving the result? 
1.6. What are the lessons learnt from the project implementation so far? 
1.7. How did you use them for improving the implementation?
1.8. Any specific problem with the process of authority’s approval? (How long would it 
take to get approval)
1.9. What are the organisational factors contributing to slowness or challenge the 
process of work? 
1.10. What are the procedural factors that help to drive more successful project 
implementation? 
1.11. Are there any specific tasks that should be reduced to help accelerate the project 
implementation if the project continues? 
1.12. Are there any specific problems with project stakeholders? (DOSVY, Police, 
CCWC and WCCC? If yes, how was the problem solved?
1.13. Which activities do you struggle the most? Why? How is this problem solved? 
Some activities that specified clearly in the logical framework were overlooked
and failed to record the outcome properly, what was the reason?
1.14. From your experience, what key factors influence the local authorities' 
participation?
1.15. Any specific problem with data recording while implementing the project? (Note: 
some data of the implementation failed to record)
2
KII questionnaires for evaluation with GADC and NGO partners
1.16. Is the staffing structure sufficient to manage and implement the project? Why?
1.17. During the prevention of the spread COVID-19, did the program continue to 
operate? Why? 
II- For Project Coordinator only
2.1. What are technical factors to success in project design?
2.2. What are the technical factors compulsorily included in the project?
2.3. What is mitigation strategy toward the COVID-19 pandemic?
2.4. What mitigation strategy toward fund reduced, natural disasters such as severe 
flooding and storm damages?
2.5. What is the mitigation strategy on the project data which is not sufficiently linked, 
and required sources of data available to track progress against all indicators and 
targets?
2.6. What have you done when staff do not have fully qualified (knowledge) to work 
on the project?
2.7. Can the project be divided into small components to increase the level of the 
project impact? Why? Why not?
2.8. Are all elements of the model necessary at a larger scale? Why? Why not? 
2.9. At what point do some parts of the originally designed project become optional or 
redundant? Why and why not? Why? Why not? 
2.10. Does the budget spent in this project reflect the project impact? Why? Why not? 
2.11. Based on the current project implementation, do you think the new project will be 
less spent? 
2.12. How do you describe the personal commitment of the project partners?
2.13. How can support for scale-up be promoted among project partners or key 
persons at this level?
2.14. What steps required to build government interest and capacity to take on this 
project (either activities or funding)?
2.15. What are the critical requirements of any partners for this project?
2.16. Could you describe how the project implemented its activities during the 
COVID19? 
Gender and Development for Cambodia (GADC) 
Term of Reference (ToR) 
Job title: Consultant for Baseline and End-line project studies
Division/Unit/Department: CASWR Project Job Family: CASWR Project 
Manager
Working Station: General Budget responsibility: N/A
Working Duration: 4 months (September-December 
2021)
VISION: A just Cambodia where all people, especially women and girls, are equally empowered 
to participate in development and to protect and fulfill their human rights. 
MISSION: To advance gender equality as a fundamental human right. 
PROJECT: With the support from USAID Cambodia, GADC, together with three other local NGO 
partners, AMARA, Alliance for Conflict Transformation (ACT), Women Peace Makers (WPM), is 
implementing a 2 years and 9 months project called Collective Action to Support Women's 
Rights (CASWR) aimed at increasing women and youth's participation and leadership in political 
processes in Cambodia. The project has goal to build linkages between civil society, local 
communities, and government by increasing women and youth participation and leadership in 
political process in Cambodia. CASWR has three main objective: 
Empower women and youth to positively transform societal and political institutions to further 
gender equality and ending GBV (Gender Based Violence) (a capacity building dimension) 
Enrich an enabling environment for women and youth participation and leadership in political 
processes (an advocacy dimension) 
Develop a stronger and better mobilized network of women, youth, and gender NGOs (non￾governmental organizations) with evidence-based advocacy (research to support evidence 
and advocacy) 
JOB PURPOSE: 
Consultant will conduct a data collection of Baseline study and End-line study to analyze the 
impacts changes over period of implementing the project. These are often understood by 
comparing the data with project indicators as stated in the baseline project rationale. The 
studies can also identify the gaps of the project implementation in the targeted area, reviewing 
back on the study design of the project, and providing a recommendation for the future study 
of the project implementation. Endline result will be used to answer whether gender and 
insclusion were mainstreamed and if the project subtaintial and sustaintialy contributed to 
more locally-led women/youth empowerment response. 
KEY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CONSULTANT: 
The consultant is expected to develop a detailed methodology including sampling, tool, margin 
of error, etc.… (encourage of both qualitative and quantitative method by applying feminist or 
human right-based approach) for conducting the study, considering the local context and 
covid-19 consideration. The methodologies to collect data will be further discussed with 
CASWR project manager and partners. 
Assist in establishing accountability systems with each partner organization, or where already 
established assess functionality and accessibility of the accountability system. 
Possibly evaluate the monitoring tools for the project coordinating structure and 
implementation and gender based questions. 
Evaluate of how effective as the project been in delivering gender impact and what unutilized 
potentials can identified. 
Connect the project to sustainable cooperation, and to what extend have these consideration 
been implemented. 
Demonstrate how the project achieved its intended outcomes and determine what changes it 
brought to the targeted households and communities. To estsblish how well gender and 
inclusion were mainstreamed and if the project susbstaintially/sustainably contributed to more 
locally-led women/youth empowerment response. 
TIME-FRAME, REPORT SCOPE AND WORKPLAN 
The full process of baseline and end-line study is from September 2021 to December 2021. 
The baseline study and End-line study will be conducted in 6 provinces, namely, Battambang, 
Pursat, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampot, and Mondulkirri in 6 districts, working 
closely with implementing partners GADC, AMARA, ACT and WPM. 
The consultant will cover at least 12 communes in 6 districts, and will interview community 
members, youth, as well as local authorities, GADC and partner staffs. The period of doing 
the data collection should be finished before the end of the project. 
The Specific activities and timeframe are provided in below table: 
Specific Activities Timeframe
1 Preparerelevanttoolsandreview documentation 
for baseline and End-line studies 
2 weeks 
2. Conduct data collection based on the two 
outcomes highlighted in Baseline Rationale 
and End-line Rationale 
1 month
3. Compiling the information gathered, analyses, 
draft and complete the baseline
2 weeks 
2
and endline report.
4 Prepare a presentation of the findings, lists and 
tables, facts and figures on the base-line and 
End-line Studies
1 week 
5 Finalize the final report after including the 
comments from GADC staff
2 weeks 
GADC encourages consultants to develop a suitable workplan for the full process of conducting 
baseline and end-line. The content of the baseline and endline report shall be: 
- Executive summary (1 page) 
- Introduction (1.5-2 pages) 
- Methodology, including sample and limitations (1.5-2pages) 
- Analysis and findings of the evaluation. The analysus should be done according to the 
ojectives (10-15pages) 
- Address concerns, lessons learned and comments from GADC (2-3pages) - Stories 
of change and quotes from respondents (5-7pages) 
- Conclusions for each of the end line evaluation objectives (2page) 
- Recommendation for future project (1-2pages) 
- Relevant annexes 
BUDGET PLAN 
GADC encourages consultants to develop a budget plan for the full process of conducting 
baseline and end-line. 
SKILLS AND COMPETENCE 
Essential Desirable
Solid exepreince in working with Gender and 
Development sector in Cambodia, 
preferably a minimum of 10 years. 
Demonstrable experience in leading 
evaluations of gender and development 
responding to women and youth 
empowerment. 
Experience in field research in gender, 
women empowerment, and political. 
Experience in working with local authority, 
villagers, and youth. 
Proven track record in conducting mixed 
methods survey, including but not limited to 
evaluation design; development of KAP 
surveys and quantitative monitoring tools; 
development of participatory tools; training 
and supervision of research teams; data 
collection, data quality control 
management; quantitative analysis 
(including advanced statistics.
Experience working for USAID or experiences of 
evaluating projects funded by USAID. 
Knowledge of local language is seen as an asset. 
Experience in gender and inclusive sensitive 
analysis. 
Familiarity and experience with the feminist 
research too is an asset.
3
Excellent writing skills in English. 
Capacity to deliver outputs in a 
timely manner. 
HOW TO APPLY? 
Interested consultants are invited to submit her/his CV updates and proposal and financial 
proposal (included or excluded tax) via email: info@gadc.org.kh by September 26th, 2021 at 
5:00PM, Cambodia time. Candidates are requested to provide two recent samples of similar work. 
Only shortlisted candidate will be contacted by email/call for interviewing. 
Appendix 5- A case study in Pursat
From an arrogant and drunkard man to be a change-maker
Domestic violence is common in most families. It is mostly committed by men toward their 
wife and children. It is not only a waste of resources but also a broken relationship and 
wellbeing of a family. Such a case happened in Sophorn’s family during the last 20 years. 
He commited severe domestic violence and drank much alcohol. His wife and 4 children 
never had one day without crying then. 
Sophorn and his family live in 
Srae Popeay Village, Santre 
Commune, Kravanh District, 
Pursat Province. He and his 
wife have been married for 20 
years now. They have 4 
children (1 girl). His wife’ s 
name is Hoeurn Hiek, 45 years 
old. Since they got married, 
Sophorn did not play the role as 
a husband because he always 
drank alcohol and committed 
domestic violence especially 
when he was drunk. He used to 
drink alcohol every day (at least 
2 liters a day). Not only drank alcohol but also he committed gambling which spent a lot 
money of his wife. Speaking with a sad face, his wife said that “During that time, I was so 
miserable. I had to take care of children by myself and earn a living as well. My 
husband did not do anything besides drinking alcohol and beat me and the kids”. 
Sophorn is extremely arrogant. He always broke the kitchen materials if his wife did not cook 
on time. His attitude was so bad that no one in the village wanted to approach him. His wife 
and children have lived with sorrow and misery for almost 20 years. 
After rain, comes the rainbow. 
It is true. Sophorn’s life was 
dramatically changed after he 
joined the “Collective Action to 
Support Women’s Right 
(CASWR) project activities. He 
reduced drinking alcohol and 
domestic violence from time to 
time. In 2018, CASWP project 
staff had engaged him (he was 
drinking alcohol) to join the 
awareness raising on gender 
and women’s rights for a whole 
morning. After he listened to 
the concept provided by project staff, he started to feel ashamed of himself and thought of 
the bad actions he did to his wife and children. One day, he almost committed suicide due 
to worse actions but he changed his mind after a while. After joining the meeting with the 
project a few times, he committed to changing himself until he became the community 
volunteer. He changed his life for almost 100% from being a drunkard to a very lovely 
husband and father. 
“I was so sad to review back my past experience. I was not able to lead my family due 
to drinking alcoholic drink, gambling, and careless of my family”, said Sophorn. 
Since then, he has worked very actively in promoting gender, domestic violence, and 
women’s rights. He rides the motor to play the message on loudspeaker; he facilitates small 
group awareness raising, and home to home education. The way he changed his wife is 
very surprising to the community people because they always feel bad about him. Now 
people start to listen to his good role model. 
In addition, he also supported his 
wife by improving family economics 
dramatically. He started by working 
as a construction worker. He could 
save some money to start small￾scale business including animal 
raising (chicken, pig, and cow). Now 
he has plenty of chicken, 10 cattle, 
and 10 pigs. He could also allocate 
his savings to buy some farmland 
plots for the size of 5 hectares now. 
His family is now recognized as the 
good model family in his village. He 
could send 2 of his children to study 
in the capital city of Phnom Penh at his own cost as well. And they are also working at the 
same time as studying. 
Engaging men, even though they seemed not to be engaged, is a good way the project 
applied. Like this case, nobody in the village wanted to approach him. However, the project 
staff valued him and motivated him to change other people through his personal experience. 
It is much more practical and successful than the theories. Sophorn is just one of hundred 
cases happening in the project area. 
The project has not only supported 
training but also changing lives. 
Enabling other people to act their 
potentials is our desire. 
I will never return to my past! 
Sophorn
Appendix 6 – A case study in Kampot
From A shy and isolated girl to a commune 
council candidate
"Be yourself, do what you want 
to do, you will find it so 
passionate, rather than live by 
someone's words. Everyone is 
equal".
Ms. Touch Srey Neang, CG of 
Collective Action to Support 
Women's Rights (CASWR)
Girls were not prioritized in the education especially in rural community in the previous 
time. It becomes norm when the family prevent their female children from going to 
school, yet allow the boys to go to school. Srey Neang is one of those girls who used to 
be vulnerable by such case. 
Touch Srey Neang, a 38-year-old woman, is married with has 4 own family members. 
She lives in Kandal village, Chumpok phnom commune, Chum Kiri district, Kampot 
province. She used to face a lot of pressure from culture and traditional norm. There 
were a lot of obstacles in her life. In her community as well as her family, people did not 
value education. They did not encourage children especially daughter to study. Her 
parents had never talked to her about her study at all. "I would be very happy if my 
parents asked me about my study. My study was not as good as my friend. 
However, I could pass the exam”, Said Srey Neang. She was sometimes wanted to 
drop out of school due to lack of encouragement from her family, but full of blames and 
traditional norms. Some of her neighbors discouraged her to stop study if she felt that it 
is hard. They also said that there will be better job beside farmer though she tried to 
study. Though there were a lot of discourages, she did not drop out. She still continued. 
Besides, she used to have a lot of roles in her family. She was a mother, a wife, a 
farmer, a worker, also a household head of her family. As the eldest daughter in the 
family, she had high responsible for taking care of her parents. "When there is a 
problem, I'm the one who face it. It made me feel so much pressure both mentally
and physically. Sometimes people said that I am like a man. I feel like I'm different 
from the other girl, I don't like myself." she said. She used to be shy girl and coward, 
hesitated in making decision, and couldn’t control her anger. When she heard her 
parents argued, her stress increased; it made her committed suicide sometime, and she
just wanted to run away from all 
of this problems. Due to the
responsibility in her family that 
she need to take place, she's
rarely interested in or concern 
about community issues. She did 
not have good relationship with 
the local authority. She never 
talked to them or even went to 
the commune hall. 
One day, Srey Neang heard that 
there was an organization
choosing community core group
(CCG). She was interested in this 
opportunity. She decided to 
explore more on that. After 
registering and being interviewed
by Women Peace-Maker organization (WPM), she was selected to be a community 
volunteer in CCG. After that she joined training on Gender and other activities such as 
knowledge sharing with community, campaign, gender camp, public forum, gender café, 
commune meeting. “WPM has opened my world and I know a lot of new things”, 
said Srey Neang. She also added that before joining this project, she used to know that
women's work is to clean dishes, cook and men's work is in a field or farm. Women 
cannot go anywhere far away like men. "I thought, I was difference from the other, I 
used to think a lot about the other words. I thought, I was like a weird person; I 
always did whatever I wanted and went wherever I needed, without thinking 
much”, she said. 
She also has more confident and gains more knowledge on gender and always 
advocate when she heard the social norm in her community, especially when someone 
does not encourage girls to have education or want them to stop studying or 
discriminate about gender role or gender appearance. She also finds her motivation to
encourage herself, give more value to herself, dare to speak up and love herself more. 
She also shared her knowledge with her friends, family and community, and involved in 
social works.
With joining commune meeting, she feels closer with local authority also build a good
relationship and connection with them. Unlike before that she didn't even talk with them. 
She said that the village chief in her village always gives a floor to her to report the 
issues which happed in her village, and encourages her to be a sub-village chief, but 
she still wants to learn more and be a part of project. In the end, she was appointed to 
be the commune council candidate in the new mandate. "I'm very happy that the local 
authorities trust in my capacity. They allow me to join the government structure 
as commune council candidate. My family and neighbor also change their 
perspective on women; they are now very proud of me. I'm happy that they give
me more value and also listen to my opinion”, she said with a happy face.
Ms. Touch Srey Neang really appreciates to be a part of CASWR project and has a 
chance to develop herself, to change her world and to be herself without hesitation. 
"Learn about your rights, and don't hesitate to do the right think. Don't drown in the 
negative speech and norm, move on and learn from the failure".
Promoting women to join the political process is extremely crucial for development. One 
country could not be well developed unless strong participation from women. They are 
very important for social inclusion. Such as does not happen to Srey Neang, it also 
happens to a lot of women in the project target beneficiaries.