Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE Development Food Assistance Project in Malawi June 2020|Volume II – Annexes H, I, J, & K IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning ABOUT IMPEL The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award works to improve the design and implementation of Food for Peace (FFP) funded development food security activities (DFSAs) through implementer-Led evaluations and knowledge sharing. Funded by the USAID Office of Food for Peace (FFP), the Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award will gather information and knowledge in order to measure performance of DFSAs, strengthen accountability, and improve guidance and policy. This information will help the food security community of practice and USAID to design projects and modify existing projects in ways that bolster performance, efficiency and effectiveness. The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award is a two-year activity (2019-2021) implemented by Save the Children (lead), TANGO International, and Tulane University, in Haiti, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Malawi, Nepal, and Zimbabwe. RECOMMENDED CITATION IMPEL. (2020). Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE Development Food Assistance Project in Malawi (Vol. 2). Washington, DC: The Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning Associate Award COVER PHOTO CREDITS Female care group participants with children under two years of age. Photo: Ruth Harvey. 2019. DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the Implementer-Led Evaluation & Learning (IMPEL) award and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTACT INFORMATION IDEAL Activity c/o Save the Children 899 North Capitol Street NE, Suite #900 Washington, DC 20002 www.fsnnetwork.org info@fsnnetwork.org Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Table of Contents 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Annex H: FFP Endline Indicators........................................................................................................... 2 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments................................................................................................... 3 Part A: Qualitative Study Topical Outlines ............................................................................................. 3 Part B: Quantitative Population-Based Survey..................................................................................... 31 Household Survey......................................................................................................................... 31 Anthropometric Survey .............................................................................................................. 172 Annex J: Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest....................................................................................... 180 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data......................................................................................... 182 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 2 Annex H: FFP Endline Indicators ANNEX H: FFP ENDLINE INDICATORS Food security indicators (Module H) Average Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger (HHS), overall and by gendered household type Poverty indicators (Module H) Per capita expenditures (expressed in constant 2010 dollars), by gendered household type Prevalence of poverty: Percent of people living on less than $1.90/day, by gendered household type Mean depth of poverty (using the TPCPDL) , by gendered household type Sanitation and hygiene (WASH) indicators (Module F) % of households using an improved source of drinking water % of households practicing correct use of recommended household water treatment technologies, by technology % of households using improved sanitation facilities % of households with soap and water at a handwashing station % of households that can obtain drinking water in less than 30 minutes (round trip) % of households practicing safe storage of drinking water % of households in target areas practicing open defecation Agricultural indicators (Module G) % of farmers who used financial services in past 12 months, overall and by sex % of farmers who practiced project-promoted value chain activities in past 12 months, overall and by sex % of farmers who used at least three sustainable agriculture (crop, livestock, NRM) practices and/or technologies in past 12 months, overall and by sex % of farmers who used at least two sustainable crop practices and/or technologies in past 12 months % of farmers who used at least two sustainable livestock practices and/or technologies in past 12 months % of farmers who used at least two sustainable NRM practices in past 12 months % of farmers who used improved storage practices in the past 12 months, overall and by sex Women’s health and nutrition indicators (Module E and Anthropometry) Prevalence of underweight women Minimum Dietary Diversity – Women (MDD-W) Women’s Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) Percent of births receiving at least 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits Contraceptive Prevalence Rate Prevalence of women of reproductive age who consume targeted nutrient-rich value chain commodities Children’s health and nutrition indicators (Module D and Anthropometry) Prevalence of underweight children under 5 years of age, overall and by sex Prevalence of stunted children under 5 years of age, overall and by sex Prevalence of wasted children under 5 years of age, overall and by sex % of children under age 5 with diarrhea in last two weeks, overall and by sex % of children under age 5 with diarrhea treated with oral rehydration therapy (ORT), overall and by sex Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under six months of age, overall and by sex Prevalence of children 6-23 months of age receiving a minimum acceptable diet, overall and by sex Prevalence of children 6-23 months who consume targeted nutrient-rich value chain commodities, overall and by sex Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 3 ANNEX I: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS Part A: Qualitative Study Topical Outlines UBALE Qualitative Evaluation TOPICAL OUTLINES The purpose of the investigations using the following questions is to obtain information through qualitative instruments (key information interviews, focus group discussions, and activity observations) to provide context and explanations for the performance results indicated in the quantitative household survey. The questions are designed to: • Assess the quality of the outputs produced under each objective • Gather information that assists in providing context and explanation for the outcomes and impact generated by respective interventions • Assess the quality of the approaches used by the project • Provide information to aid in determining the potential sustainability of the impact that has been achieved Information will be gathered in conversation with project participants, interviews with project implementation staff and program managers, and observation of project activities and outputs. The following topical outlines and questions are organized by each set of purposes/ objectives of the UBALE project. A suggested sequencing of general and Cross Cutting Gender questions in a topical outline would be as follows: General Questions: • Are you familiar with the UBALE Project? • How would you describe what this project seeks to accomplish? • How have you or other members of your household participated in this project? o For how long were you/they involved? • What was the nature of the activities you were involved in provided by the project? o What UBALE activities have you participated in? • Have you or members of your family been impacted by the project? • Please describe how you or members of your family have benefitted from the project. o Which project activities made the biggest positive changes in your life? In terms of what the project has done with you, what has been most useful? What has been least useful? o Please describe how you or members of your family have been negatively affected by the project. • In your opinion, who has benefitted most from the project? • Are there people who should have benefitted from the project but did not? o Please describe them for us. o Did all or only some households in your community benefit from the project? o Why do you think they did not benefit from the project? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 4 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments • What aspects of the project did you not like? • What constraints do you believe inhibited the project from fully accomplishing its purposes? • What suggestions do you have for addressing these constraints or otherwise enabling • Are your food and health conditions better or worse now than you had 4 or 5 years ago? o Please explain why. What examples can you share? o What has changed? o Do others have a different experience? • Did any UBALE activities help you increase your family income? Which ones helped the most? • After the UBALE project ends, do you think you will be able to continue the activities you participated in? o Which activities will you continue? o Why will you be able to continue the activities? o Which activities will you not continue? o What will prevent you from being able to continue the activities? • Do you have any suggestions about how gains made through the project can be maintained in the future, after the end of the project? • What else would you like the reviewers to know about the project? CROSS-CUTTING: GENDER • Have you received any gender training from the UBALE project? What types of gender training? How were participants selected to participate? What were the most successful training activities? What were less successful training activities? Why? How have you applied any of what was covered in training? What/how? • Have the gender activities fit the needs of the communities? Are the activities appropriate to the local context? Why or why not? • Who in a household makes important household decisions? Any changes over the past 5 years? Probe for which decisions are considered “important”; e.g., deciding medical treatment, education, taking out loans, bearing more children, etc. Probe for reasons/details for all questions. • What is your understanding of empowerment? Do you think the project has been able to empower women and men in the project area? How? Probe. • In your opinion, which activities have been the most successful? For whom? Why? • How have gender norms/cultural beliefs in the community changed over the last 5 years? How have they impacted household livelihoods and food security? • Have there been any negative gender-related outcomes? Probe for possible increase in gender￾based violence as a result of focus on women. • Do you think programming has had a sustainable impact on gender equity within the communities? How? Probe for positive/negative changes to gender cultural norms (e.g., men doing “women’s work”). Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 5 TOPICAL OUTLINE Purpose 1: Vulnerable household’s income increased Sub-Purpose 1.1 Farm management and business planning practices of vulnerable farming households improved Sub-Purpose 1.2 Marketing club, cluster and association member’s agricultural sales increased Sub-Purpose 1.3 Members of marketing clubs, clusters and associations increased use of sustainable financial services Sub-Purpose 1.4 Selected individuals establish/strengthen business Sub-purpose 1.5 Joint decision-making at household-level improved Information about Purpose 1 will be gathered through key informant interviews or focus group discussions with the following types of participants. Interview profiles UBALE Activities • Governance training • Developing constitutions and by-laws • Participatory planning, monitoring an evaluation training • Developing and implementing Action Plans • Gender equity and diversity trainings • Resource mobilization training • FFA proposals • Community score cards • Female participation on committees • Early warning toolkits • Disaster risk management training • Participatory Vulnerability Capacity Assessments, including gender responsive vulnerability assessment • Establishing VNRMCs • Planning and implementation of FFA projects • Organization functionality assessments • Training on management and maintenance of community assets • Gender champion selection and training IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 6 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Type of Participant/Site SILC Groups Marketing Clubs SILC PSPs Marketing Clusters PSP Networks Marketing Associations Farm Demonstration Plots (Mama) Market PSPs Farm Demonstration Plots (Baby) Beneficiary-owned Businesses GoM AEDOs Basic Literacy Participants (groups assisted to register with GoM services) Lead Farmers Agro-Dealers (in proposal) DiNER Fairs (UBALE) Buyers with Marketing Linkages to Participants Seed Multiplication Groups Service Providers - Agro-Input Suppliers, MFIs, Micro-Insurance Firms, BDS Service Providers Paravets District and Area Stakeholder Panels Learning Centers (UBALE) UBALE Sub-Purpose 1.1: Farm management and business planning practices of vulnerable farming households improved TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PROJECT BENEFICIARIES FROM TARGETED IMPACT GROUPS (FFA recipients, SILC groups) General Questions: Technical Questions: • What have you learned since the start of the project? How did you acquire that learning? (Who did you learn from or through what medium?) • What has changed with your farming? WHY? o (Possibly dig into diversity and/or climate change) What has changed with your household finances? WHY? • What has changed in your life since the start of the project? o Were those changes related to the project? • Are your neighbors engaged with the project? • Are there more women or men that you interact with through this project? o Does this project benefit men and women? • Are you involved with SILC, DiNER, Lead Farmer, marketing clubs, seed multiplication groups, other groups of the project? Why? • In the last two years, have you bought any inputs such as seed, pesticide, fertilizer, farm materials? How did you pay? Who did you buy from? Was this a change from previous years? • Have you received training pesticide or fertilizer use? • How do you store your food? How well and how long does it last? • How are you ensuring the safety and efficacy of any pesticide storage, if any? • Do you sell your produce at the market? How often do you go? Is it profitable? Has that changed in the two years? Why, do you think? • What changes would you like to see next year in your life that this you think this project could provide? • What else would you like to eat, either buy or grow? Do you think that’s possible next year? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 7 TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PROJECT-CREATED SERVICE PROVIDERS/LEADERS (SILC PSP’s, PSP Networks, Farm demo plots, Lead Farmers, Seed Multiplication Groups, Paravets, District and Area Stakeholder Panels) General Questions: Cross Cutting Gender: Technical Questions: • If SILC group: What are you saving for? Are your neighbors involved in the SILC? Who leads it? Why? How often do you meet and how easy or hard is it to participate? Will you participate next year? And the year after? • If SILC PSP: Why did you choose to become a PSP? How has your standing in the community changed? What have you learned? • If LEAD Farmer: Why did you choose to be a lead farmer? How has your standing in the community changed? What have you learned? Who did you learn from? Did you know them before? Will you do this next year/season? And the year after? What kind of support do you receive for the safety and effectiveness concerning use of pesticides and pharmaceuticals? • If Seed Multiplication Group: What seeds are you growing? What is the easiest to multiply? What is the hardest? What else would you like to grow in this group? Do you have the resources you need? Are you selling the seeds? • If paravet: Why did you choose to become a paravet? Who is teaching you and what are you learning? How has your standing in the community changed? Are people hiring you? • For stakeholder panels: Who else is on the panel? What is the purpose of the panel? How often do you meet and how easy or hard is it to participate? • For all, what was the impact of the recent drought? How is your family and farm/business doing now? • For all, have you ever been to a DiNER fair? What did you learn or do there? Would you go again? TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PROJECT INTERMEDIARIES (GoM AEDOs, Agro-input Suppliers, Agro￾dealers) General Questions: Cross Cutting Gender: Technical Questions: • If AEDO: What techniques do you teach? Why? How often do you contact this community? Who do you interact with the most? (Women or men?) Do you have farmers requesting your services? If yes, are you able to meet the demand? If no, why not, do you think? How did the drought impact your work? What is your EPA Resource Center like? • If supplier/dealer: How has your business changed in the last year? Why? • For all, what sort of communications do you use? Radio, word-of-mouth, in-person meetings, video, phone, pamphlets? • For all, do you go to any of the project events like DiNER fairs? • For all, do you interact with projects groups such as SILC, Seed Multiplication, Lead Farmers, paravets, etc.? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 8 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PARTNERS (DiNER Fair Organizers, Learning Center partners, Comms partners) General Questions: Cross Cutting Gender: Technical Questions: • For all, are you engaged with SILC, PSP’s, Lead Farmers, seed multiplication events, marketing clubs, stakeholder panels, and other groups of this project? In what way? • Do you attend any of the project’s events such as DiNER fairs? Who goes to these events? • For Farmer Learning Center Research partners, what has been the progress of the research? Your take on findings? What matters about the research (why do it)? SUBGROUP: Project intermediaries [Agro-input dealers, market facilitators, financial services institutions (MFIs, banks, etc.), Agritex extension workers, value chain actors, commodity buyers (NOP, Masvingo Food Commodities, Cairns, etc.)] • Are you familiar with the UBALE project? How would you describe what this project seeks to accomplish? • Please briefly describe any activities in which you engaged with the UBALE project. For how long, where, with whom, etc.? • Have there been changes in the project/activities since mid-2016 (MTE)? Give examples. • How has your business/profession changed over the last 5 years? Has your participation in the UBALE project contributed to those changes? Please describe. • To what extent do women/adolescents participate in your activities? How are they /targeted? • How has the overall context and living situation in the area changed within the last 5 years? Probe re: safety, food, health, women’s rights, youth rights, and agricultural production. • Has the UBALE project contributed to those changes? If so, how? Probe for positive/negative effects. • Are there business opportunities that you believe would help build food security in this area? Please explain. • Is it possible for people to secure business loans in this area? What are some of the roadblocks to securing loans? Probe for availability nearby, interest rates, collateral, differences for men/women. • What do you think are some of the greatest needs for communities in this area? • Have there been programs implemented in the past by the government, foreign donors, or community based organizations to help people earn a living (e.g., other FFP programs)? Please explain. • What were some of the strengths of those programs? And weaknesses? • Has the UBALE project resulted in obvious improvements in households’ ability to cover their food and nutritional needs, health care needs, and other necessary expenses over the last 5 years? TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PROJECT TECHNICAL AND IMPLEMENTATION STAFF General Questions: Cross Cutting Gender: Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 9 Technical Questions: • In a Focus Group: What excited you about the project? What have you learned anything from this project? What is it and how did you learn? • In Focus Group: What are the challenges that the project faced? What are the challenges that you faced in doing your job? What has surprised you? Have any of your assumptions, your own or the projects, been supported or disputed? • How would you describe what this project seeks to accomplish? How does what you do appear in the project’s Theory of Change? • Please list for us all the different types of activities that you have implemented as part of your job in the project • Which of these activities has been most effective in achieving change on food security and resilience for targeted impact groups? • Which of these activities has been least effective in achieving change on food security and resilience for targeted impact groups? • What do you think went well? Probe re: targeting, communication, empowerment, rapidity/timing, results (intended/not), protection, accountability, monitoring, transfer modalities, integration with other initiatives, etc. • What have been the major changes that you have observed with poor or extreme poor households as a result of the project? What is the likelihood that these changes remain after the project ends? • Why have some changes been slow or did not happen? What were the obstacles to change? • What changes in the way the project was being implemented would make it more effective in achieving its outputs and outcomes? • Who, in your opinion, has benefitted most from the project under Purpose 1? • Are there other people who should be benefitting from the project but are not? Please describe them • In terms of improving food security and resilience, what other activities could the project undertake? How important are these relative to what the project is already doing, i.e., the project budget is limited, so if we want to do something new we have to stop doing something that we are already doing in order to release resources? • What constraints do you face in doing your job? What suggestions do you have for addressing these constraints? • What else would you like the reviewers to know about the project? • GENDER: What changes have you seen in gender roles as a result of project activities? • What could the project do differently or start doing to further facilitate positive changes on gender roles? • Do you see any difference between male and female participation? Application of technology? Ways the project engages with the two demographics? How about between younger men and older men? Older women and younger women? • GOVERNANCE: What changes have you seen as a result of the governance interventions implemented by the project? • YOUTH TARGETING: which projects have specifically targeted youth under Purpose 3? • How have youth been engaged in these activities? • What are the major membership trends of the particular target groups you work with, esp. SILC, PSP’s, paravets, Lead Farmers, seed multiplication groups, and stakeholder panels? Do you see the same people joining the groups year after year? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 10 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments • What was your interaction with implementers from the other parts of the project, esp. Purpose 2 & 3? • What else would you like the reviewers to know about the project? TOPICS TO BE COVERED ON SITE VISITS (FFA SITES) UBALE FFA Sites Watersheds and dams (20) Riverbanks (55) Others planned? • How was location identified? Who owns the land on which the asset has been developed? • In implementing the FFA activity, what did the project provide? What did the local community provide? • Who benefits directly from the asset? How do they benefit? • Who benefits indirectly from the asset? How do they benefit? • What has changed as a result of the asset? • Who is responsible for maintaining and repairing the asset? Where do the resources come from to do this? Market, agro enterprise and finance-related topics Sub-Purpose 1.2: Marketing club, cluster and association members’ agricultural sales increased Sub-Purpose 1.3: Members of marketing clubs, clusters and associations increased use of sustainable financial services Sub-Purpose 1.4: Selected individuals establish/strengthen businesses Topics for Program Managers and Implementation Staff of the Market, Agro enterprise and Finance components For each principal activity or group of activities targeted at particular participant groups (e.g. Savings and Lending groups, marketing clubs, marketing clusters, marketing associations, small and micro￾enterprises, private service providers for SILC and marketing, paravets, value chain service providers, other stakeholders) General Questions Cross cutting Gender • What worked well and why? • What did not work well and why? How were the challenges being addressed? • What did make these changes happen? Particular attention to use of income to improve nutritional wellbeing. • Where changes are slow or not evident, what are the obstacles to change? • What change did you expect to see in each of the major actors (farmers, farmer organizations, buyers, service providers, local government) by the end of the project and what will motivate these actors to sustain these changes? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 11 • Which of the changes mentioned can be replicated without further external resources? Which changes will require additional resources for them to be replicated? • What changes in the way the project was being implemented would make it more effective in achieving its outputs and outcomes? • Are the environmental impacts of the micro-enterprises activities being considered? How? Project Participants from Targeted Impact Groups Savings groups, small and microenterprises, market clubs, market clusters, marketing associations, Stakeholder Panels General Information: Technical Questions: • Why did you come together as a group? When was the group formed? What are the principle activities that you undertake together? • How many members (by sex and age)? How are group members selected? • What are the benefits of being a member of the group? What are the ‘costs’ of being a member? • What is the food security status of most group members (no. of months when food consumption must be reduced)? • How many people in the community are worse off than the members in your group? • Do these people, or others, want to participate in your group? Can they join? If not, why not? • How have you participated in the project? • What did you like most about the project and why? • What did like least about the project and why? • What changes are you observing as a result of the project’s interventions? Why do you think that these are occurring? • If there have been few changes, what do you think is preventing the change? • Can you calculate costs of production? Can you prepare a plan for your business? • Does your group, or do your members, employ day laborers? If so, about how many are employed? • Are the environmental impacts of the micro-enterprises activities being considered? How? • Is there some training pertaining to workers’ safety (pesticide application protocol, safe waste disposal, etc…) • What changes would you like to see in how the activities that you are involved in are undertaken? What additional activities would make the project better and help to achieve the goals? • What will happen when the project comes to an end? How will the changes that have been occurring be sustained? • If you had problems with an activity or staff, what did you do/what would you have done to try and get it addressed (i.e., process allowing for beneficiary input/feedback into project and redress). Probe for ease of access to staff, satisfaction with responses, understanding, changes implemented, etc. • Is it common for individuals or families to save money? Probe for differences between women/men. Why or why not? And if so, what are savings commonly directed towards? Are you a member of a saving group? Are many people in your community members? • Is it possible to get a loan in your community? What are some of the roadblocks to securing loans? Probe for availability nearby, interest rates, collateral, differences for men/women. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 12 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments • Are there business opportunities that you believe would help build food security in your community/this area? Please explain. • How has the overall context and living situation in the area changed within the last 5 years? Has UBALE helped improve it? Probe re: safety, food, health, women’s rights, youth rights, and agricultural production? • What do you think are some of the greatest needs for your community? How do you think they can be best addressed? One of the DFSAs, UBALE, operating in Nsanje, Chikwawa and Blantyre rural districts, created a Savings and Credit Cooperative (BNC SACCO) through which smallholder farmers would have better access to agricultural and other appropriate household financial products and services. The BNC SACCO has been running since October 2018. The end-line qualitative survey presents an opportunity to have some lines of enquiry related to the intervention. The following questions would be great if added to the qualitative tool for the end-line. The assumption here is that the qualitative will make use of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with DFSA beneficiaries and Key Informant Interviews (KII) with key stakeholders. • Are beneficiaries in Chikwawa, Nsanje and Blantyre rural aware of the existence of BNC SACCO and the services it offers? • For beneficiaries that are aware of the existence of BNC SACCO, have they been able to access its services and what type of services? If not what are some of the reasons they have not taken advantage of the existence of the BNC SACCO? What would make then utilize the services? • For beneficiaries that have used/taken advantage of the existence of the BNC SACCO, what has been their experience and what benefits have they derived from utilizing the services of BNC SACCO? What could be improved to create greater access to the services? • For key informants, what lessons can be learned from the BNC SACCO intervention and how can the intervention be improved/scale-up for effective and sustainable access to financial services by smallholder farmers. Traders and Buyers of Crops and Livestock from Targeted Impact Groups Agricultural Commodity Exchange, Export Trading, Rab Processors, Afrisian, etc. • What do you buy and who do you buy from? In what volumes? • How do you interact with the farmers, market clubs, market associations created by UBALE • What support did you receive from UBALE? • What was working well and why? • What was not working so well and how can it be improved? • What changes do you observe as a result of the project’s interventions? • What buying policies or practices have you needed to change to be able to include the project’s target groups? • How can the changes being brought about by the project be sustained once the project has terminated? • Do you engage in food storage? How are you ensuring the safety and efficacy of any pesticides for commodity storage, if any? Project-created Service Providers Lead farmers, village agents, private service providers for SILC and marketing, paravets. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 13 • What services do you offer and how are they paid for? • What types of activity do you undertake? • How were you selected to become a service provider for the project? • What types of support have you received from UBALE • What kind of support do you receive for the safety and effectiveness concerning use of pesticides and pharmaceuticals? • What do you expect to gain from this experience? • What is working well? And why? • What is not working so well and can it be made to work better? • When the project ends, what will motivate you to continue providing the services to the community? Existing Public and Private Sector Agricultural and Value Chain Service Providers Agricultural Extension Development Officers, Opportunity Bank, United General Insurance, Star Insurance Brokers and Advisory Services, agro-dealers • What was your role in the project? • What activities did you undertake? • What types of support have you received from UBALE • What is working well? And why? • What is not working so well and can it be made to work better? • What policies or practices have you needed to change – or will need to change - to be able to provide services to the project’s target groups? • What needs to be done to ensure that what you achieve in the project can be sustained once the project terminates? TOPICAL OUTLINE PURPOSE 2 Purpose 2: Nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women and children under the age of two improved Sub-Purpose 2.1 GoM MCHN/WASH systems management practices are improved. Sub-Purpose 2.2 Targeted households adopt evidence-based behaviors that reduce the prevalence of malnutrition Sub-Purpose 2.3 Women of reproductive age have improved agency For Purpose 2, the following persons or groups will be engaged for each project as indicated in interviews or focus group discussions (targeted number in each district shown in parentheses): UBALE • GOM at District Level: District Core Team /DNCC (1) including District HMT; Director of Planning and Development (1); District Environmental Officer (1) and District Water Officer (1) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 14 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments • Participants and Intermediaries: ACLAN and CLAN participants (2), TA MCHN structures (2); ANCC and VNCC (2); Care Group/Ration participants – FGD (2), CG promoters and lead parents (2), grandmother groups -FGD (1); CBCC caregivers (1); Water User Committees – FGD (2) • Site Visits: FFA Latrine, Hand Washing Facilities and Water Point visits (3); CCFLS/Care Group BCC activity (2); MCHN Ration Post-Distribution activity (HH visit) (2); Nutrition Fairs (1); Homestead Gardening Activity (1)- • Partners: Care and CADECOM • Project implementing staff: District MCHN Coordinator and Gender and Sustainability Field Officer (1) WASH Coordinator (1); Health Field Officers - Group (1); • Project Technical staff: TIL Health and Nutrition and Capacity Strengthening Advisor • Staff: MCHN Advisor and Capacity Strengthening Advisor TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH SUB-GROUPS OF PROJECT BENEFICIARIES FROM TARGETED IMPACT GROUPS (especially CG participants, water management committees): Care Groups, Grandmother groups, CCFLS, Gardens, tippy taps General Questions: CROSS-CUTTING: GENDER Technical Questions: • To what extent do women/adolescents participate in your activities? How are they targeted? • Overall, how satisfied are you with the UBALE project? What do you think went well? Not so well? Probe re: targeting, communication, empowerment, rapidity/timing, results (intended/not), protection, accountability, monitoring, transfer modalities, integration with other initiatives, etc. • How has the overall context and living situation in the area changed within the last 5 years? Probe re: safety, food, health, women’s rights, youth rights, and agricultural production. • Has the UBALE project contributed to those changes? If so, how? Probe for positive/negative effects. • Are there business opportunities that you believe would help build food security in this area? Please explain. • What do you think are some of the greatest needs for communities in this area? • Has the UBALE project resulted in obvious improvements in households’ ability to cover their food and nutritional needs, health care needs, and other necessary expenses over the last 5 years? • Do you anticipate being able to continue practicing what you’ve learned through the project after it ends? Why/why not? • Do you have any suggestions about how gains made through the project can be maintained in the future, after the end of the project? • If you had problems with an activity or staff, what did you do/what would you have done to try and get it addressed (i.e., process allowing for beneficiary input/feedback into project and redress). Probe for ease of access to staff, satisfaction with responses, understanding, changes implemented, etc. • How has the overall context and living situation in the area changed within the last 5 years? Has UBALE helped improve it? Probe re: safety, food, health, women’s rights, youth rights, and agricultural production? TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PROJECT INTERMEDIARIES (District Health Management Teams, District Health Officer, Clinic/Hospital In-Charge, DNHA structures, DNCC/ANCC/VNCC, Water Officer, etc.) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 15 UBALE Activities: Strengthen capacity of DNHA structures (TA MCHN), Water User Committees, CG Promoters and Lead Parents, CBCC caregivers, CLAN, ACLAN General Questions: Cross Cutting Gender: TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PROJECT TECHNICAL AND IMPLEMENTATION STAFF: UBALE Staff, District MCHN Coordinator, WASH Coordinator, Health Field Officers, TIL Health and Nutrition, Capacity Strengthening Advisor General Questions: Cross Cutting Gender: TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH SITE VISITS: Health Facility Example, Latrine, Hand Washing Facilities and Water Points; CCFLS/Care Group BCC activity, MCHN Ration Post-Distribution activity Nutrition Fairs, Homestead Gardening Activity General Questions: Cross Cutting Gender: Technical Questions: • Are you in charge of the facility /department? • How many years have you been qualified? • How long have you been at this facility? • How long have you been in your current position? • Are any other organizations providing support to this facility/district? o Who are they and what support are they providing? • Are you familiar with the UBALE Project? (Describe the project, if not familiar) • How would you describe what the UBALE project seeks to accomplish? • How have you or your organization participated in this project? For how long have you been involved? • Did you participate in any of the following activities with UBALE? o (Baseline) assessment o Gender assessment o Development of action plans o Training o Self-assessment o Supportive Supervision o Development of tools or activities • Have the below subject areas been supported (at any time) by UBALE in your area of responsibility? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 16 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments o MNH human resources o Health education o Antenatal care o Normal labor & delivery and essential newborn care o Postnatal care o Emergency obstetric care o Emergency neonatal care o KMC o Maternal or neonate death audit o Infection prevention o Immunization o IMNCI for 0 – 2 months o IMNCI for 2 months – 5 years o Maternal and child nutrition o Youth Friendly Health Services o Referrals and community follow up • How have people benefitted with respect to health and nutrition because of these changes? Which kind of people have benefitted most from the project? • To what extent have you perceived client level changes as a result of their participation in UBALE activities? Area Development Committee: Focus Group Discussion • What do you know about UBALE as a project in your area? How do you work with the project/organization implementing the project? • What are the main issues relating to water and sanitation that concern you in your area? • Where do you present your water and sanitation concerns to when you have them? • How responsive to your water needs are the ones you take your concerns to? • Are there any measures that you have put in place to ensure that water sources are protected from pollution in your area? • Are you involved in discussions that concern water supply in your area and in the District as a whole? • How are you involved? • What specific support do you get from local government for your water points in your area? • What improvement would you want to see made in the way the District Council and other actors working in water supply service delivery provide support to you? • Which other organizations are working in your area in water supply service delivery? • How do you ensure that water points in your area remain functional? • On the existing boreholes and other improved community water sources in your area, how were you involved (a) in selecting the site (b) in choosing the type of technology being used? Key Informant Interviews: Director of Planning • What do you know about UBALE as a project in your area? How do you work with the project/organization implementing the project? • How many organizations in the district are providing WASH services? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 17 • Duplication of efforts are bound to happen where there are no coordination mechanisms. How would you coordinate all the agencies and government departments implementing WASH interventions in your district? • What coordination challenges do you face in your district • What compliance measures have you put in place to ensure that WASH sector actors comply with government policies, regulations and guidelines? • How does water feature in your socio-economic profile in terms of priority rating? • How does water financing compare with other sectors in the District? • Does the District have a WASH planning and review forum? • If yes, how are community members involved? • Who else participates in these forums? • How is the implementation of WASH monitored in this district? • Considering that there are many government agencies and NGO partners, who leads monitoring of WASH in the district? • How could projects like UBALE help improve WASH service delivery at different levels in your district? Water Point Committee: Focus Group Discussion • What type of water source exists in the community? Piped water, drilled well, protected dug well with hand-pump, Protected spring, Unprotected well, Unprotected spring/River/stream • Who constructed the borehole/water point in your area? • Is the water source functional? • If it is not functional, how long has it been non-functional? • When it is broken, who is repairs it? • What is the longest period the water point has been broken? • What is the primary reason for taking that period of time to repair the water point? • How often does your water point/borehole break down? • As a water point committee, who else supports you in your work? • What specific support do you get from local government for your water point? • What should the District Council do to support you to ensure that your water points function in your area? • What is the alternative source of drinking water when your borehole is not functional? • How long has your committee been existent? • Has your water point committee been trained in community-based management (CBM) training? • If yes, has there been any difference in how you are managing your water point? • Can you give practical examples of what you have done since being trained? • Who trained you? How long was your training? • How differently would you have liked the training to be organized? • Does your committee have funds for operations and maintenance for your water point? How much do you have? • How did you raise the funds and how do you do that? • Which parts frequently wear out on your borehole and where do you buy spare parts for your borehole/water point? • Are there any water quality monitoring exercises taking place at your water source? • Who carries out the water quality monitoring of your water points? • Did they give you results of their water quality test results? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 18 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Women Only Focus Group Discussion • How would you describe the current status of WASH in this area/village? List water sources that have come as a result of the UBALE project? • How do you determine the quality of water from your water points in your community? Who does the assessment? o Do you know any other physical structures that have come as a result of the UBALE project in the WASH area? • List water, sanitation hygiene practices that have been imparted in the community as a result of the UBALE project? • Roughly what proportion of people treat their water (purify) before drinking it? What specific methods/techniques were you taught by the project? Which one of them is most popular and why? Which is least liked and why? • What has been the level of reception by women with regards to the change in attitudes and use of new practices from the cultural ones to those advocated under WASH? What proportion of the community uses (believes) (in) them? • What is the community perception of owning a toilet? What proportion of the families in the community has toilets? Are they used properly? If not, what is the reason? • Among the toilets in the village, what proportion have hand washing facilities? • What proportion of these have soap readily available to use in the handwashing process? • Are people keen to wash hands after using the toiles? If No why not? • Have you ever been trained in WASH? How many times, and who trained you? • What are the major challenges regarding water and sanitation in your area (home and health centers), as perceived by women? • What is the role of women in WASH services in your community? Why do you think your involvement in WASH activities is important for the community? • Do you think practices imparted by WASH activities under UBALE will be sustained beyond the life of the project? What will be the roles of girls/boys in this? Explain why your roles are relevant for the future. If not sustainable explain why • What could have been done differently to improve the situation? What recommendations can you make on WASH services in your area and for future programming? • What other WASH issues of interest do you feel can help in this evaluation process? Key Informant Interviews: District Environmental Health Office • What do you know about UBALE as a project in your district? How do you work with the project/organization implementing the project? • What are the WASH challenges that you face in your district? • Is your district running any Community-led Total Sanitation programs? • If yes, where are these being implemented? Who is implementing them? • What success has CLTS programs registered in the District? (Number of villages triggered for CLTS, Verified and Declared ODF). • How are the programs implemented to ensure sustainability of CLTS gains? • What are the general challenges that CLTS programs are facing in the districts? • What are CLTS management challenges that the District faces? • What can projects such as UBALE that are not directly implementing CLTS do to improve performance and sustainability of CLTS in your district? • Do you have a WASH database? How do you update it? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 19 • Who manages it and how are sectors involved in data generation? • Does the District Council have a water quality monitoring team? Who are members? • What water quality monitoring programs does the District Council run in the district? • What are the regimes and testing kits does the district use? • Can you give an example of how the District Council ensures that water quality testing is done on all water points before they are handed over to communities? • What are some of the challenges that you face in this regard? • Do you take water quality results back to communities for their information? • In places where the quality of water is beyond human consumption, how • When did the district last carry out the last round of water quality testing? • What can projects such as UBALE that are not directly implementing CLTS do to improve performance and sustainability of CLTS in your district? Key Informant Interviews – Guiding questions District Water Office • What do you know of UBALE as a project in your district? How do you work with the project? • What challenges do you face in water service provision in your district? • How do the District Council support communities to sustain their water sources? What services do you offer? • What other structures/arrangements are in your district that provide further support sustainability and operations and maintenance of community water systems? • How do these structures collaborate with you? • Who regulates and certifies their operations in the district? • What challenges do you face with other support structures that support community water supply? • What do you think needs to happen to improve this form of system? • Does the District have a WASH planning and review forum? • If yes, how are community members involved? • Who else participates in these forums? • How could projects like UBALE help improve service communities at (a) District level? (b) ADC and community levels? TOPICAL OUTLINE Purpose 3: Communities are empowered to contribute to their own sustainable development Sub-Purpose 3.1 Improved governance, risk reduction and environmental practices Sub-Purpose 3.2 Community have productive assets Sub-Purpose 3.3 Women participate in decision-making structures Information about Purpose 3 will be gathered through key informant interviews or focus group discussions with the following types of participants. • Disaster management committees (DMC) • Asset management committees (AMC) • Resilience committees IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 20 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments • Environmental management sub-committees (EM) • Watershed management sub-committees • WASH participants • Households trained in DRR/NRM • FFA participants • Water point committees/Water user associations (WUA) • Meteorological Services Department (MSD) • Civil Protection Committees (CPC) • Farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR) participants • Fisheries participants • Ministry of Health and Child Care, Dept. of Crops and Livestock, District Development Fund, Department of Mechanization • Program Implementation Teams (PIT) Site visits/observations may include: public wells, public latrines, irrigation schemes/dams, contoured fields, planting basins/water catchment structures, tree plantings, etc. UBALE Activities • Governance training • Developing constitutions and by-laws • Participatory planning, monitoring an evaluation training • Developing and implementing Action Plans • Gender equity and diversity trainings • Resource mobilization training • FFA proposals • Community score cards • Female participation on committees • Early warning toolkits • Disaster risk management training • Participatory Vulnerability Capacity Assessments, including gender responsive vulnerability assessment • Establishing VNRMCs • Planning and implementation of FFA projects • Organization functionality assessments • Training on management and maintenance of community assets • Gender champion selection and training TOPICAL OUTLINE Community Empowerment The following persons or groups will be engaged for each project as indicated in interviews or focus group discussions (targeted number in each district shown in parentheses): • Village Civil Protection Committees • Area Civil Protection Committees • Village Development Committees • Area Development Committees • Youth Clubs Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 21 • Village Natural Resource Management Committees • DEC Sub-Committees • Food for Assets Sites • Groups of Food for Assets Participants • Gender Champions • Project Technical Coordinators - TIL Resilience (CARE) and FFA Adviser (CARE) • Project Implementing Staff - District Capacity Strengthening Manager, Resilience District Coordinator, Resilience Field Officers & FFA Coordinator • Gender and Sustainability Field Officers TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PROJECT BENEFICIARIES FROM TARGETED IMPACT GROUPS (FFA PARTICIPANTS) Activities: Food distributions and Work standards General Questions: Technical Questions: • ENVIRONMENT: Please describe any concerns you may have about changes in environmental hygiene (piles of waste accumulating?) or natural resource degradation (fuel or construction wood becoming harder to find). • What changes have you noticed in the weather/climate that affects your activities (water wells running dry? Floods more intense/frequent?) • What support have you received from the project related to adapting to environmental impact? • GENDER: How were women selected to participate in the FFA projects? • How have the needs of women been addressed in the FFA project? • How are women involved in making decisions about the FFA project? • GOVERNANCE: How well do you understand your entitlements for food distributions related to FFA projects? • How clear are the amounts of food you are entitled to receive and how much work is required to receive them? • YOUTH TARGETING & ENGAGEMENT: How are youth targeted and engaged in the FFA projects? TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PROJECT INTERMEDIARIES (CIVIL PROTECTION COMMITTEES, DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEES, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES, DODMA, GENDER CHAMPIONS, UBWINO CENTERS, YOUTH CLUBS, DISTRICT COUNCILS) General Questions: • ENVIRONMENT: Please describe any concerns you may have about changes in environmental hygiene (piles of waste accumulating?) or natural resource degradation (fuel or construction wood becoming harder to find). • What changes have you noticed in the weather/climate that affects your activities (water wells running dry? Floods more intense/frequent?) • What support have you received from the project related to adapting to environmental impact? • GENDER: How are women involved your committee or organization and what are they roles? • How do women participate in decisions that are made by your committee? • What changes have you seen in gender roles as a result of project activities? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 22 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments • GOVERNANCE: How do you involve women, men and youth from different parts of the community in developing and implementing plans or proposals? • How are there interests represented in developing and implementing plans or proposals? • To whom and how do you report on implementation of plans and use of resources? • YOUTH TARGETING: How are youth targeted and engaged in your activities? • What else would you like the reviewers to know about the project? TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH PROJECT TECHNICAL AND IMPLEMENTATION STAFF General Questions: • In terms of improving food security and resilience, what other activities could the project undertake? How important are these relative to what the project is already doing, i.e., the project budget is limited, so if we want to do something new we have to stop doing something that we are already doing in order to release resources? • What constraints do you face in doing your job? What suggestions do you have for addressing these constraints? • ENVIRONMENT: What do you know about the project's EMMP? • What are your responsibilities relative to the EMMP? • GENDER: What changes have you seen in gender roles as a result of project activities? • What could the project do differently or start doing to further facilitate positive changes on gender roles? • GOVERNANCE: What changes have you seen as a result of the governance interventions implemented by the project? • YOUTH TARGETING: which projects have specifically targeted youth under Purpose 3? • How have youth been engaged in these activities? • What else would you like the reviewers to know about the project? TOPICS TO BE COVERED ON SITE VISITS (FFA SITES) UBALE FFA Sites: Watersheds and dams (20) Riverbanks (55) Others planned? General Questions: • 1. How was location identified? Who owns the land on which the asset has been developed? • 2. In implementing the FFA activity, what did the project provide? What did the local community provide? • 3. Who benefits directly from the asset? How do they benefit? • 4. Who benefits indirectly from the asset? How do they benefit? • 5. What has changed as a result of the asset? • 6. Who is responsible for maintaining and repairing the asset? Where do the resources come from to do this? • 7. ENVIRONMENT: How was the environmental assessment for the FFA project conducted? • 8. What environmental impacts were identified and how were these addressed? • 9. GENDER: How do these FFA projects address the needs and interests of women? Gender Equity TOPICAL OUTLINES Cross Cutting Themes Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 23 FGDs/ KI Topical Outlines Target: Community leaders /VDC/ADC General Questions: Decision Making: • Have there been any changes to how you make decisions in your household since participating in the project? • Who makes decisions in your household about what (probe for medical treatment, education, taking out loans, what to buy for the home, bearing more children, etc.)? Has it always been this way? • Probe for which decisions are considered “important” Probe for reasons/details for all questions. • Any differences in the types of important decisions that women or men have been making in the past 2 years? Probe for differences in “important” decisions for men and for women. • In your opinion who in a household should contribute to making decisions about crops and livestock? Who actually makes these decisions in the households? Has it always been this way? Other income-earning activities? Probe for reasons/details especially differences between women and men. • Are there certain types of households where women have a very strong influence in decision￾making? What changes have occurred during the past 2 years? Probe for details. Types of households where women have very little influence? Probe for details. • Since you or your family began participating in the project, have your household responsibilities changed (for you personally and the community)? Domestic work, farming, income generation, and other activities? How? Why? • Has participating in the project activities of different households affected their relationship with their partner, whether positive or negatively? What’s your experience in your household? Probe why? • Are there any times when you believe it is appropriate to use violence in the household? Under what circumstances? Is it culturally acceptable for men to hit spouses? Daughters? Women to hit spouses? Daughters? Other HH members to hit females? Has there been any change on GBV? How? Why? • Have you noticed any changes among the women in your community since the project started? What are they? Probe for themes like, participation, voice, increase or changes in duties /burdens /responsibilities, well-being, access to resources, etc. • What is your definition of “women’s empowerment” – describe a woman whom you would consider to be “empowered” in this community. Are women more empowered now than 2 years ago? How and in what form? Probe to understand why women are not empowered. • Have there been any changes (in last 2 years) to the types of activities families do together? • How couples treat each other? Describe. Why / how did change occur? o Probe: How common is it in this community for men to accompany their wives to a hospital or clinic? Why/ why not? Examples. To public places such as church, meetings, social celebrations?) • What are the differences between men and women in accessing work, types of work, wages, and income generating activities? How has this changed over the last two years? Are there obstacles to women wanting to earn income IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 24 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments • Speaking up • In what types of settings are women/men comfortable speaking up? What subjects do people speak out about relating to community decisions/challenges? Differences between men and women speaking out? • Are there women in the community who have an easier time speaking up about public issues? What factors help them to speak up in public? Has this changed in the past 2 years? How? Why • Has women holding leadership positions within the groups changed over the last 2 years? Are they involved with decision-making for the group? Has this changed over the last two years? • What are the positive changes that the project has brought to this community? Are there any negative changes? Do you think there are changes that are not positive for the well-being of community members? Any changes over the last two years as a result of the Project? Probe. How would you recommend improving the project for the remaining years? Probe TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH SUB-GROUPS OF PARTICIPANTS SUBGROUP: Project beneficiaries from targeted impact groups (e.g., WASH participants, DRR/NRM participants, FFA participants, FMNR participants) • Are you familiar with the UBALE Project? How would you describe what this project seeks to accomplish? • How have you or other members of your household participated in the project? For how long? • How have you or your family benefitted from the project? How have you or your family been negatively affected? • What has been challenging in terms of your participation in the project? • Who, in your opinion, has benefitted most from the project? • Are there other people who should be benefitting from the project but are not? Please describe them for us. Are there people who should not have benefitted? Why/why not? • To what extent do women/adolescents participate in activities? How are they targeted? • Overall, how satisfied are you with the UBALE project? What do you think went well? Not so well? Probe re: results, targeting, communication, empowerment, rapidity/timing, results (intended/not), protection, accountability, monitoring, transfer modalities, integration with other initiatives, etc. • What constraints do you believe inhibit the project from fully accomplishing its purposes? What suggestions do you have for addressing these constraints or otherwise enabling the project to have greater impact? Probe for processes, targeting, approach, etc. • Do you anticipate being able to continue practicing what you’ve learned through the project after it ends? Why/why not? • Do you have any suggestions about how gains made through the project can be maintained in the future, after the end of the project? • If you had problems with an activity or staff, what did you do/what would you have done to try and get it addressed (i.e., process allowing for beneficiary input/feedback into project and redress). Probe for ease of access to staff, satisfaction with responses, understanding, changes implemented, etc. • How has the overall context and living situation in the area changed within the last 5 years? Probe re: safety, food, health, women’s rights, youth rights, and agricultural production. • What do you think are some of the greatest needs for your community? How do you think they can be best addressed? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 25 • Have community structures (e.g., WUA, DMC, and ESC) correctly assessed the most pressing risks to food security and identified actions to reduce those risks for households in the community? CROSS-CUTTING: GENDER Sub-group: Community-based structures, e.g., Disaster Management Committees, Asset Management Committees, Environmental sub-committees, Water User Associations, including women and youths • Are you familiar with the UBALE Project? How would you describe what this project seeks to accomplish? • How is the committee organized? What are the responsibilities of the group? • With whom and how do you interact (e.g., within the community, outside the community, gov’t, private sector, etc.)? What has your experience been in interacting with them? • What kinds of support have you received from local government institutions? • What types of training and orientation did you receive from UBALE? How useful were these trainings/orientation? Probe for specifics of how trainings have been used. • To what extent do women/adolescents participate in activities? How are they targeted? • How have UBALE households and communities benefitted from these activities (e.g., what changes have occurred in community disaster preparedness and response, has water availability improved for community members, etc.). • Please describe any negative changes that have resulted because of the UBALE project. How would you suggest these negative changes be addressed? • From the perspective of this committee’s focus (e.g., WUA, DMC, and ESC), what are the most pressing risks to household food security and what actions have been identified to reduce those risks for households in the community? Sub-topic: Disaster management • Please describe your role with regards to the community-based early warning system for climate￾related and other shocks and stressors? How are the warnings disseminated? Are they found useful? • How has the community disaster management plan developed through the UBALE project helped communities prepare for and respond to disasters? Has the plan been used recently to deal with disasters in your area? • Have you participated in community risk assessments (CRA) including vulnerability mapping? If so, how do the risks of women and adolescents as well as other disadvantaged groups vary? How are these differences taken into account in the community disaster management plan? • Please describe the process and effort of the UBALE project to reactivate/strengthen linkages between the DMCs and CVCs? • What changes have you seen as a result of these linkages between communities and the CVC structures and systems? • How has the community benefitted from these changes? Who has not benefitted within the community? Why/why not? • How well are the DMCs performing? Why do you think they are performing well or not so well? How effective have these DMCs been in delivering disaster relief services to the communities? • How were women and youths targeted and engaged in DRM activities? • Please describe how women were promoted by the UBALE project in joint decision making in the household and community with respect to the selection of strategies for DRM/DRR to foster gender equitable preparedness and risk reduction actions? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 26 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Sub-topic: Asset management (AMCs, ESCs, FFA participants) • What types of protective measures have you learned from UBALE to protect community (e.g., water sources, forest resources, agricultural land, and public infrastructure) or household productive assets? How useful were the protective measures learned from the project? What protective measures did the community take prior to UBALE? • What types of training(s) did you participate in as part of UBALE? Probe for leadership, by-law formulation, gender analysis, legislative compliance, etc. • How useful are the linkages between communities and relevant local authorities to understand services available for protecting assets and disaster response (e.g., Environmental Public Health Dept., district and provincial Civil Protection Committees)? • How have small-scale infrastructure improvements supported by FFA resources benefitted the community? Who has not benefitted? Why/why not? • To what extent were women/adolescents targeted by FFA activities? How are they targeted? What constraints exist in terms of their participation? How were these addressed? • What worked well in FFA activities? Not so well? Probe re: modality of transfer, timing, amount, equity, etc. What suggestions do you have for how it could be improved? • What interventions implemented by the UBALE project promote intra-community and cross￾community social cohesiveness? What are non-violent methods promoted by the project to address conflict? TOPICS TO BE COVERED WITH KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS External and Internal Coordination of Project Activities • Which consortium partners do you work with the most/least and why? What was the biggest strength and weakness of the consortium partners? • Do you coordinate with other organizations that are not consortium partners? Which and why? • What is the relationship like between project staff and non-paid personnel (e.g., volunteers (CGVs, Lead Mothers, and Lead Farmers, government staff, private sector actors)? • How has knowledge/lessons learned been shared between implementers? Probe for evidence of documentation and sharing of experiences, lessons learned and best practice approaches. • How does the internal project review process go? Who is involved? How does this lead to decision making? How were decisions communicated to implementers? Other partners? • How are project monitoring activities used for decision making? Are the results of project monitoring shared? How? Government • How is the project’s relationship with the Government? Was coordination with the Government necessary? Why or why not? What helped/hindered these relationships? • Did changes in any particular Government policies or programs affect implementation? Which ones? How? What did UBALE do in response? • To what degree is the motivation, capacity, and available time of ward-level government officers (e.g., Agritex extension workers) sufficient to support and sustain implementation? Gender Dynamics • Have gender norms impacted outcomes? How? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 27 • Have there been any negative gender-related outcomes? Probe for possible increase in gender￾based violence as a result of vouchers given to women. • Do you think programming has had a sustainable impact on gender equity within the UBALE project communities? How? Community Social Capital and Relationships • Were all interventions appropriate and applicable to all target communities)? • Was targeting of activities appropriate? Were some groups excluded? Which? Probe for how this impacted community relationships, social capital, and implementation of activities. • Were some beneficiaries much more successful than others? Which and why? • Do you think project interventions were in alignment with community priority needs? • Which additional approaches could have been adopted to further enhance or promote WASH on the project • Did any conflicts take place in the communities during implementation? How did the project respond/handle the situation? Sustainability and Replicability • Why do you think households still fall under the poverty line, despite the fact that programming has been present in the target areas for the last ten years? • What is (are) the major change(s) you have observed in the communities you work with? Do you think those change(s) will sustain after project closure? Why or why not? • Has the project end date been communicated to the beneficiaries? How? • What exit strategies are in place to UBALE sustainability? Are you confident in the strategy? • What is the biggest risk to sustainability of project-related changes in the communities you work in? Assessment and Reflection • Have you had sufficient resources available / do you feel your project was sufficiently equipped (with human and logistical resources) to fully deliver? Why/why not? How did this impact implementation, outcomes? • What implementation area was most effective/most efficient? Which the least? Why? • Were activities well integrated? Why, or why not? • With the benefit of hindsight, what specifically would you recommend be done differently for similar projects in the future? What would you definitely replicate? TOPICAL OUTLINE Sustainability (All Team Members) The sustainability of the effects and impact being achieved by the UBALE Project is an area of investigation that will be covered by each team member who is investigating specific purposes and sub￾purposes. The following questions are intended to guide interviews and discussions around analyzing sustainability when the discussions/interviews reach that point. • For the changes that you have described as having been facilitated by the project, how permanent are the changes? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 28 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments • What resources are required to sustain the changes? Where do those resources come from now? Where will they come from after the UBALE Project has ended? Probe for what other gov’t agencies or private sector actors are need to sustain changes. • What relationships, such as for technical support, inputs, marketing, social capital or political capital, are required to sustain the changes? After the project ends, how do you think these relationships will change? Probe for the UBALE project’s role in developing or facilitating these relationships. • How happy are beneficiaries and intermediaries with the changes? How motivated will they be to continue to maintain or support the changes? • What are the biggest challenges or threats to sustaining the changes induced by the UBALE Project? How can these challenges be addressed? • What do you think went well? What did not go so well? Why/why not? Probe re: results, targeting, communication, empowerment, rapidity/timing, results (intended/not), protection, accountability, monitoring, transfer modalities, integration with other initiatives, etc. • For any future similar project/activities (in a different location), what could be improved (outcomes, processes, targeting)? • Do you think project interventions were in alignment with community priority needs? • Did any conflicts take place in the communities during implementation? How did the project respond/handle the situation? • Has the project end date and exit strategy been communicated to you? How? • Do you think the exit strategy will UBALE long-term sustainability? Why/why not? • In your opinion, what is the biggest risk to sustainability of project-related changes in the communities? • Any lessons learned from UBALE (general, specific, cross-cutting, outcomes, process, etc.)? • If you had any problem with any activity/staff, what did you do/would have done? • What are your main concerns/problems now and for the future? • Anything else we have not discussed? TOPICAL OUTLINE Program Management • What structures are used to manage implementation of the UBALE project across all the partners, including staffing of management teams and implementing partners, steering or advisory committees, meetings of managers, and so on? • What turnover of personnel in key positions, restructuring or other changes occurred over the LOA? What was done to UBALE continued programming for communities? • Who is responsible for communicating the overall vision for the project? How well has the vision been articulated? How effectively has this vision been imparted to staff within the different partners? • Who is responsible for the vision within each implementing partner organization? Are the visions of the individual partners generally coherent with each other and with the vision at the project level? If not, how are the differences managed? • If there are differences, what impact has this had on project delivery? • How are operational plans developed for the project? What has worked well in this process? What has not worked well? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 29 • How effective has the targeting strategy been, i.e., have the right people/communities been reached by the project or are their other communities/people that should have been targeted but were not? Who is not being reached well enough by the project? Why? • In what ways did the project respond to problems with beneficiary selection that were observed? Were these responses effective, or could more have been done to resolve problems? • How does the project monitor and manage targeting issues such as changes in the list of target communities, movement of project beneficiaries out of the target communities, non-participation of selected beneficiaries in project activities? • How are problems with implementation identified, analyzed and solved? How is information generated by the project's M&E systems used for decision-making? What has worked well in terms of problem-solving? What has not worked well? • What significant challenges did the UBALE project experience relative to human resources for the project? How did the project deal with these challenges? • What percentage of UBALE project staff are women? • Please describe the working relationships between the UBALE CoP, project technical coordinators and senior leadership in your organization’s Headquarters. How much management responsibility is devolved and how much is exercised from HQ? • Please describe the working relationships between the CoP and district and/or ward-based managerial staff in the field. How much management responsibility is devolved to the field and how much is exercised by the CoP? • How does the M&E system work? Who is responsible for what? Who collects data? How often? How does the data/information flow from implementing partners to WV? • Is the M&E Unit adequately staffed? What are the challenges with regards to human resources? Workload of the staff? • What kinds of information are communicated (i) within WV at different levels, (ii) among implementing partners at different levels, (iii) with USAID/FFP? What has worked well? What has not worked well? • How well has the project communicated with external stakeholders, e.g., ministry officials (national and local), other donors and UN agencies, other NGOs with similar programs and in Zimbabwe? What has worked well? What has not worked well? • What have been the biggest challenges relative to administrative support for the project in the areas of financial management, commodity management, human resource management, procurement, transport or anything else related to project management? • What solutions have been devised to address these challenges? What has worked well? What has not worked well? • What changes would you propose to improve program management of future FFP initiatives? SUBGROUP: Implementing Partner Program Management • In terms of working with WV as the lead agency, what do you like about the relationship with them? What didn't you like and what suggestions do you have for future consideration? • Relative to relationships with WV and other UBALE implementing partners, what has worked well in terms of working together to achieve impact or making more effective use of resources? What has not worked well? What would you like to have seen done differently with regard to partnership relationships? • What other partnership relationships have been important for UBALE? What has worked well in these relationships? What has not worked well? What would you like to have seen done differently with regard to partnership relationships with these other organizations? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 30 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments • How do you feel about how major strategic or problem-solving decisions were made in the project? How much influence did you have on decisions? How informed were you on the reasoning behind the decisions that were made? • How would you describe your overall level of satisfaction with the UBALE project? What would you suggest be done differently in future projects like UBALE? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 31 Part B: Quantitative Population-Based Survey Household Survey MALAWI ODK ENDLINE Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Begin Module A: Household ID and Informed Consent Head of HH and/or Responsible Adult A01: Region ◯ Eastern Region ◯ Southern Region A02: District ◯ Machinga ◯ Blantyre ◯ Chikwawa ◯ Nsanje ◯ Balaka A03: Traditional Authority Code ◯ STA Nchinguza - 30205 ◯ TA Nkoola - 30207 ◯ TA Chikweo - 30211 ◯ TA Ngokwe - 30212 ◯ TA Kapoloma - 30214 ◯ TA Nyambi - 30215 ◯ TA Msamala-31201 ◯ TA Kalembo - 31202 ◯ STA Kachenga - 31203 ◯ TA Amidu - 31204 ◯ TA Sawali - 31208 ◯ STA Matola - 31209 ◯ TA Ngabu - 31001 ◯ TA Lundu - 31002 ◯ TA Chapananga - 31003 ◯ TA Maseya - 31004 ◯ TA Katunga - 31005 ◯ TA Kasisi - 31006 ◯ TA Makhwira - 31007 ◯ STA Ndakwela - 31008 ◯ TA Mlilima - 31009 ◯ STA Masache - 31010 ◯ TA Ndamera - 31101 ◯ TA Mlolo - 31104 ◯ TA Tengani - 31105 ◯ TA Malemia - 31106 ◯ TA Mbenje - 31107 ◯ TA Ngabu - 31108 ◯ TA Kapeni - 30501 ◯ TA Lundu - 30502 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 32 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ TA Chigaru - 30503 ◯ TA Kunthembwe - 30504 ◯ TA Makata - 30505 ◯ TA Kuntaja - 30506 ◯ TA Machinjiri - 30507 ◯ TA Somba - 30508 A04: Enumeration area (EA) code ◯ EA-003 ◯ EA-020 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-024 ◯ EA-037 ◯ EA-016 ◯ EA-036 ◯ EA-053 ◯ EA-072 ◯ EA-011 ◯ EA-032 ◯ EA-801 ◯ EA-016 ◯ EA-034 ◯ EA-051 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-026 ◯ EA-042 ◯ EA-057 ◯ EA-005 ◯ EA-027 ◯ EA-048 ◯ EA-073 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-026 ◯ EA-003 ◯ EA-021 ◯ EA-039 ◯ EA-017 ◯ EA-021 ◯ EA-003 ◯ EA-012 ◯ EA-029 ◯ EA-049 ◯ EA-068 ◯ EA-093 ◯ EA-112 ◯ EA-130 ◯ EA-011 ◯ EA-033 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 33 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ EA-816 ◯ EA-023 ◯ EA-047 ◯ EA-068 ◯ EA-087 ◯ EA-014 ◯ EA-032 ◯ EA-014 ◯ EA-008 ◯ EA-011 ◯ EA-022 ◯ EA-038 ◯ EA-064 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-007 ◯ EA-013 ◯ EA-008 ◯ EA-025 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-034 ◯ EA-051 ◯ EA-006 ◯ EA-024 ◯ EA-012 ◯ EA-012 ◯ EA-029 ◯ EA-009 ◯ EA-016 ◯ EA-033 ◯ EA-048 ◯ EA-068 ◯ EA-802 ◯ EA-008 ◯ EA-001 ◯ EA-029 ◯ EA-050 ◯ EA-015 ◯ EA-040 ◯ EA-004 ◯ EA-003 ◯ EA-026 ◯ EA-043 ◯ EA-066 ◯ EA-081 ◯ EA-016 ◯ EA-006 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 34 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ EA-029 ◯ EA-052 ◯ EA-077 ◯ EA-803 A05: Household number (HH) Household Listing ID: This is the HH number from the listing map (sketch map) A05b: Household number (HH) Question A05b is an intentional duplicate question. Enumerator must correctly enter the "Household Number" twice in order to continue with the survey. A06: Team Code ◯ Blantyre-1 ◯ Blantyre-2 ◯ Blantyre-3 ◯ Blantyre-4 ◯ Chikwawa-1 ◯ Chikwawa-2 ◯ Chikwawa-3 ◯ Chikwawa-4 ◯ Chikwawa-5 ◯ Nsanje-1 ◯ Nsanje-2 ◯ Balaka-1 ◯ Bakaka-2 ◯ Machinga-1 ◯ Machinga-2 A07: Enumerator Name and Code ◯ 010 Takondwa Moyo ◯ 011 Agnes Chimchere ◯ 012 Masida Kumwenda ◯ 013 Kwacha Chakanika ◯ 014 John Jere ◯ 015 McDonald Chikhawo ◯ 020 Moshe Kumwenda ◯ 021 Dina Kapunula ◯ 022 Cedric Makoka ◯ 023 Molly Gondwe ◯ 024 Alex Mkochi ◯ 025 Tadala Namalima ◯ 030 Vivian Sichone ◯ 031 Ednas Chadzuka ◯ 032 Talinda Nseula ◯ 033 Siphiwe Kaluwa ◯ 034 Nomsa Makondesa ◯ 035 Mike Thyolani ◯ 040 Henock Chingagwe Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 35 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ 041 Prudence Pendame ◯ 042 Yandy Gondwe ◯ 043 George Chirwa ◯ 044 Agnes Vera Banda ◯ 045 Bernard Milanzi ◯ 110 Happiness Mbalati ◯ 111 Samantha Mkochi ◯ 112 Peterson Gwadani ◯ 113 Memory Chipagala ◯ 114 Chrispin Kaonda ◯ 115 Atupele Mambo ◯ 120 Monica Msiska ◯ 121 Zawadi Nkhata ◯ 122 Vinjeru Mkandawire ◯ 123 Rabson Chimutu ◯ 124 Daniel Kamphesi ◯ 125 Hopeson Mumba ◯ 130 Kondwani Kamanga ◯ 131 Rose K. Shonga ◯ 132 Oliver Mkandawire ◯ 133 Jessie Mkandawire ◯ 134 Paul Mponela ◯ 135 Eledia Ching'oma ◯ 140 Laura Matanda ◯ 141 Noreen Ng'ambi ◯ 142 Happy Mhango ◯ 143 John Chipula ◯ 144 Veronica Nangoza ◯ 145 Mercy Kanzengo ◯ 150 Maxwell Jamu ◯ 151 Nomsa Kanyenda ◯ 152 Alfred Magombo ◯ 153 McDonald Bandawe ◯ 154 Alfred Mantchichi ◯ 155 Happy Nyirenda ◯ 210 Thomas Malolo ◯ 211 Joyce Makokola ◯ 212 Ian Mtaya ◯ 213 Willard Mbereko ◯ 214 George Magombo ◯ 215 Chifundo Chikankheni ◯ 220 Moses Kaipia ◯ 221 Memory Chirwa ◯ 222 Chimwemwe Lifa ◯ 223 Isaac Mwachileka ◯ 224 Khumbo Chisiye IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 36 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ 225 Ludhuwan Mwamad ◯ 310 Wilso Mkandawire ◯ 311 Triza Mtengeni ◯ 312 Agnes Namalomba ◯ 313 Tijepani Gondwe ◯ 313 Lenia Kanyerere ◯ 315 Ivy Chirwa ◯ 320 Misheck Mtaya ◯ 321 Mphatso Kamloza ◯ 322 Bills Kumwembe ◯ 323 Goria Mautanga ◯ 324 Jovitta Phiri Chisati ◯ 325 Haswell Tongola ◯ 410 Mphatso Makoka ◯ 411 Brown Chikopa ◯ 412 Dora Chidati ◯ 413 Phillip Nyalugwe ◯ 414 Ruth Mphande ◯ 415 Martin Mbendela ◯ 420 Semu Kamowa ◯ 421 Pempho Makoka ◯ 422 Vitumbiko Kaunda ◯ 423 Austin Nkhulambe ◯ 424 Joana Chintedza ◯ 425 Brown Nhlane Begin Interview- Please READ Hello. My name is (__). I am working with CARD. We are conducting a survey to learn about food security, food consumption, nutrition and wellbeing of households in Malawi. Your household was selected for the survey. I would like to ask you some questions about your household. The questions usually take about 2 hours. All of the answers you give will be confidential and will not be shared with anyone other than members of our survey team. You don't have to be in the survey, but we hope you will agree to answer the questions since your views are important. If I ask you any question you don't want to answer, just let me know and I will go on to the next question or you can stop the interview at any time. Another member of my team will come and take height and weight measurements of the eligible women and children in the HH. Do you have any questions about the study or about your participation? You or other respondents can ask any questions you maybe have about the study at any Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 37 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) time. Do you agree to participate in the survey? If you have question about the study or about your participation, you or other respondents may ask any questions you may have about the study at any time. It is necessary to introduce the household to the survey and obtain the consent of all respondents. 1. First identify the primary decision maker and conduct the informed consent with them. 2. Then begin the interview. Add household members by selecting "add group", when done select "Do not add". Consent for subsequent modules will be at the beginning of each module. A08: Please tell me who is the primary male adult (15 years or older) decision-maker in the household? In households where there are no adult males, please enter "N/A". Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused A09: Please tell me who is the primary female adult (15 years or older) decision-maker in the household? In households where there are no adult females, please enter "N/A". Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused A10: Does the primary adult (15 years or older) decision-maker in the household consent to participate in this household survey? If the Head of HH is not available, you may select the next primary adult decision maker as long as they are aged 15 years and over. You still must start the survey by recording the Head of Household first, even if this person is not present. ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the survey ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in the survey Please tell me the name and sex of each person who lives here, starting with the head of the household. For our purposes today, members of a household are adults or children that live together and eat from the "same pot". It should include anyone who has lived in your house for 6 of the last 12 months, but it does not include anyone who lives here but eats separately. HH Member ID #: ${mem} B01: Name of the household member B02: How old is ${B01}? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 38 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Head of household must be over 15 years of age. Household roster (Module B) must begin with the head of household. If a child of a household member is less than 1, then please enter "0". If age is more than 95, then please enter "95". Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused B03: Is ${B01} male or female? ◯ Male ◯ Female B03a: Yes, this is a female between the ages of 15 and 49 years of age and is eligible for module E (Women's Nutrition, Breastfeeding and Antenatal Care). Please mark the paper tools accordingly There is no need to re-ask the respondent her age. This question will only appear if she has already answered between 15 and 49 years of age for question B2. ◯ Yes, she is an eligible female between the ages of 15 and 49 years of age B04a: What is the relationship of ${B01} to the head of the household? ◯ Head of household B04b: What is the relationship of ${B01} to the head of the household? Household Head is the first household member entered ◯ Wife or Husband ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused B05: Is ${B01} a responsible adult if head of household is absent? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B05a: Yes, this person is an eligible household member for modules F (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) and H2 - H7 (Household Expenditures), please mark the paper tools accordingly. Please mark the paper tools accordingly ◯ Yes, this person is an eligible household member, please mark the paper tools accordingly. B06: Is ${B01} the primary person responsible for food preparation in the household? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 39 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) B06a: Yes, this person is an eligible household member for modules C (Food Access) and H1.1 (FOOD CONSUMPTION). Please mark the paper tools accordingly ◯ Yes, this person is an eligible household member, please mark the paper tools accordingly. The primary caregiver is the person who knows the most about how and what the child is fed. Usually, but not always, this person will be ${B01}'s mother. B07: Please record name of the primary caregiver of ${B01}? The primary caregiver and the child are eligible for Module D (Primary Caregiver). Please mark the paper tools accordingly If the primary caregiver name is not on the roster, ensure that the primary caregiver is a household member, if yes make sure the primary caregiver is added to the household roster. Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused B07_ID: Please record the roster member ID number of the primary caregiver If the primary caregiver name is not on the roster enter -10 B07a: Please record name of the primary caregiver of ${B01}? The primary caregiver and the child are eligible for Module D (Primary Caregiver). Please mark the paper tools accordingly If the primary caregiver name is not on the roster, ensure that the primary caregiver is a household member, if yes make sure the primary caregiver is added to the household roster. Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused B07a_ID: Please record the roster member ID number of the primary caregiver If the primary caregiver name is not on the roster enter -10 B08: What is ${B01}'s current marital status? ◯ Married or living together ◯ Divorced/separated ◯ Widowed ◯ Never married and never lived together ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused B09: Is ${B01} the biological parent of a child under the age of 2 (23 months or younger) living in this household? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 40 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) B09a: Yes, this person is biological parent of a child under the age of 2 (23 months or younger) and is eligible for module K (MCHN-All Men and Women with Child Under 2 Years), please mark the paper tools accordingly. Please mark the paper tools accordingly ◯ Yes, this person is biological parent of a child under the age of 2 (23 months or younger) B10: Has ${B01} done any work in the last 12 months? Work includes jobs in the formal and/or informal sector, full time, part time, or seasonal work that is done within and/or outside the home. It includes, but is not limited to agricultural daily wage labor, off-farm daily wage labor, income generation activities, sale of goods produced or processed outside the home or at the home, homestead garden or farm (e.g., vegetables, eggs, fish, livestock, artisanal goods), or petty trading. For this indicator, work does not include participating in cash for work, food for work, or conditional transfers and/or productive safety net programs. It does not include either caring for own children, cooking, cleaning or doing other routine chores for own household (e.g., fetching water, collecting firewood) or being involved in agricultural production solely for household consumption. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B11: During the last 12 months, was ${B01} usually paid in cash or kind for this work or was ${B01} not paid at all? ◯ Cash only ◯ Cash and in-kind ◯ In-kind only ◯ Not paid ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B11a: Yes, this person is an eligible cash earner who has worked and earned cash in the past 12 months and is eligible for module J (Gender - Cash), please mark the paper tool accordingly. Please mark the paper tools accordingly ◯ Yes, this household member has worked and earned cash in the past 12 months, please mark the paper tool accordingly B12: Does ${B01} have access to a plot of land (even if very small) over which he/she makes decisions about what will be grown, OR how it will be grown, OR how to dispose of the harvest? Includes plots of land allocated to farmers for growing crops but not owned ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B13: Does ${B01} have animals and/or aquaculture products over which he/she makes make decisions ◯ Yes ◯ No Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 41 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) about their management OR how to dispose of the production? ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B13a: Yes this person is a Farmer and is eligible for module G (Agriculture), please mark the paper tool accordingly. Please mark the paper tools accordingly ◯ Yes, this person is an eligible farmer B14: Is ${B01}'s natural mother alive? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B15: Does ${B01}'s natural mother usually live in this household? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B16: What is the name of ${B01}'s natural mother. Record mother's line number from household roster (using the paper tool). If the mother's name is not on the roster, ensure that the mother is a household member, if yes make sure she is added to the roster list. Enter -9 for refused B16a: What is her household member ID? If the mother's name is not on the roster enter -10 B17: Is ${B01}'s natural father alive? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B18: Does ${B01}'s natural father usually live in this household? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B19: What is the name of ${B01}'s natural father. Record father's line number from household roster (referring to the paper tool). If the father's name is not on the roster, ensure that the father is a household member, if yes make sure he is added to the roster list. Enter -9 for refused B19a: What is his household member ID? If the father's name is not on the roster enter -10 B20: Has ${B01} ever attended school? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B21: What is the highest level of school ${B01} has attended? ◯ Pre-school (nursey) ◯ Primary - Standard IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 42 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Secondary Form ◯ University or above ◯ Technical or vocational ◯ Adult literacy only (No formal education) ◯ Korani/religious education (No formal education) ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused B21a: What is the highest grade ${B01} completed at that level? ◯ Grade 1 ◯ Grade 2 ◯ Grade 3 ◯ Grade 4 ◯ Grade 5 ◯ Grade 6 ◯ Grade 7 ◯ Grade 8 ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused B21b: What is the highest grade ${B01} completed at that level? ◯ Grade 1 ◯ Grade 2 ◯ Grade 3 ◯ Grade 4 ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused B22: Did ${B01} attend school at any time during the 2019 school year? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B23: During this school year, what level was ${B01} attending? ◯ Pre-school (nursey) ◯ Primary - Standard ◯ Secondary Form ◯ University or above ◯ Technical or vocational ◯ Adult literacy only (No formal education) ◯ Korani/religious education (No formal education) ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused B23b: During this school year, what grade was ${B01} attending? ◯ Grade 1 ◯ Grade 2 ◯ Grade 3 ◯ Grade 4 ◯ Grade 5 ◯ Grade 6 ◯ Grade 7 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 43 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Grade 8 ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused READ: Just to make sure that I have a complete listing: 1. Are there any other such persons such as small children or infants that we have not listed? 2. Are there any other people who may not be members of your family, such as domestic servants, lodgers, or friends who usually live here? 3. Does anyone else live here even if they are not at home now? Include children in school or household members at work or who have migrated 4. To add another roster member select "add group" in the next screen Project Participation B24. Are you (or anyone in HH) participating in Njira Project or UBALE Project activities? Or have you (or anyone in the HH) participated project activities in the Njira Project or UBALE Project in the past? ◯ The Njira Project ◯ The UBALE Project ◯ Did not participate in project activities ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B25. Are you (or anyone in HH) receiving food rations as part of Njira Project or UBALE Project activities? Or have you (or anyone in the HH) received food rations in the past from either the Njira Project or UBALE Project? ◯ The Njira Project ◯ The UBALE Project ◯ Did not participate in project activities ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B26. Are you (or anyone in HH) participating in nutrition training/meetings organized as part of Njira Project or UBALE Project activities? or have you (or anyone in the HH) participated in nutrition trainings/meetings organized as a part of the Njira Project or UBALE Project ◯ The Njira Project ◯ The UBALE Project ◯ Did not participate in project activities ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B27. Are you (or anyone in HH) receiving cash transfers as part of Njira Project or UBALE Project activities? Or have you (or anyone in the HH) received cash transfers in the past as a part of the Njira Project or UBALE Project? ◯ The Njira Project ◯ The UBALE Project ◯ Did not participate in project activities ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused B28. Are you (or anyone in HH) participating in any other activities as part of the Njira Project or UBALE Project? Or have your (or anyone in the HH) participated in any other activities in the past that were a part of the Njira Project or UBALE Project? ◯ The Njira Project ◯ The UBALE Project ◯ Did not participate in project activities ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Total number of roster members for this household is "${hm_count}" Total number of primary person(s) responsible for food preparation in the household "${prep_count}" (Module C, H1.1) Total number of IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 44 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) responsible adult(s) if the head of household is absent is "${res_count}" (Module F, H2-H7) Total number eligible children under the age of two years (23 months or younger) is "${kid_count2}" (Module D1) Total number eligible children under the age of five years (59 months or younger) is "${kid_countall}" (Module D2) Total number of eligible farmers is "${farmers_count}" (Module G) Total number of eligible women between the age of 15 and 49 years of age is "${wom_age}" (Module E) Total number of eligible cash earners is "${cash_count}" (Module J) Total number of eligible biological parents with children under the age of 2 years is "${biopar_count}" (Module K) The primary adult decision-maker is "${A08}" The primary adult female decision maker is "${A09}" Begin Module F. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Respondents for this module: Head of Household or a responsible adults if the HH is absent F01_sel. Please select the Head of Household or a responsible adults if the HH is absent Total number of eligible responsible adults is "${res_count}" ◯ ${hm1} ◯ ${hm2} ◯ ${hm3} ◯ ${hm4} ◯ ${hm5} ◯ ${hm6} ◯ ${hm7} ◯ ${hm8} ◯ ${hm9} ◯ ${hm10} ◯ ${hm11} ◯ ${hm12} ◯ ${hm13} ◯ ${hm14} ◯ ${hm15} ◯ ${hm16} ◯ ${hm17} ◯ ${hm18} ◯ ${hm19} ◯ ${hm20} ◯ ${hm21} ◯ ${hm22} ◯ ${hm23} ◯ ${hm24} ◯ ${hm25} F01a: Does "${F01}" give consent to participate in Module F: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene? ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 45 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) module ◯ Household Member was not available F24. Why has this section not being completed? Drinking Water F02: What is currently the main source of drinking water for members of your household? ◯ Piped into home ◯ Piped to yard/plot ◯ Public tap/standpipe ◯ Tube well or borehole ◯ Dug well - protected ◯ Dug well - unprotected ◯ Water from spring - protected ◯ Water from spring - unprotected ◯ Rainwater ◯ Tanker truck ◯ Surface water (River/Dam/Lake/Pond/Stream/Canal/Irrigation Channel) ◯ Bottled water ◯ Other ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused F02a: Specify other: F03: Where is the water source located? ◯ In own dwelling ◯ In own yard/plot ◯ Elsewhere ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused How long does it take to go there, get water and come back? F04a: Hours Enter "0" if less than 1 hour or Delivery; -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused One day equal 24 hours. F04b: Minutes Enter "0" for Delivery; Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused 60 minutes equals one hour. F05: Is water available from this source all year round? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused F06: In the last two weeks, was water unavailable from this source for a day or longer? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 46 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) F07: Do you do anything to the water to make it safer to drink? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused F08: What do you usually do to make the water safer to drink? ☐ Boil (until the water comes to a boil) ☐ Add bleach/chlorine (Water Guard, Jik, Aquatabs) ☐ Strain through a cloth ☐ Use water filter (ceramic/sand/composite/etc.) ☐ Solar disinfection ☐ Let it stand and settle ☐ [BIO] sand filtration ☐ Put a cover over the water ☐ Other (specify) ☐ Do not know ☐ Refused to answer F08a: Specify other: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused SANITATION F10. What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? ◯ Flush or pour flush toilet - to piped sewer system ◯ Flush or pour flush toilet - to septic tank ◯ Flush or pour flush toilet - to pit latrine ◯ Flush or pour flush toilet - to somewhere else ◯ Flush or pour flush toilet - don’t know where ◯ Pit latrine - Ventilated improved pit latrine (VIP) ◯ Pit latrine with natural slab ◯ Pit latrine - pit latrine manufactured slab (sand plat) ◯ Pit latrine - pit latrine without slab/open pit ◯ Composting Toilet ◯ Bucket toilet ◯ Hanging Toilet/Hanging latrine (pile) ◯ No facility/bush/field/lake/river ◯ ECOSAN Latrine ◯ Other (specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused F10a. Specify Other Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 47 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) F11. Does your household share the toilet facility with other households? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused F12. How many households share that toilet facility? Example: If the respondent’s household shares the toilet with one other household, select “Two households.” If the respondent's household shares the toilet with two household, select "Three household" and so on. ◯ Two households ◯ Three households ◯ Four households ◯ Five households ◯ Six households ◯ Seven households ◯ Eight households ◯ Nine households ◯ Ten or more households ◯ Does not know ◯ Refused to answer HANDWASHING F13: Please show me where members of your household most often wash their hands ◯ Observed ◯ Not observed - not in dwelling/yard/plot ◯ Not observed - no permission to see ◯ Not observed - other reason F14: Observe presence of water at the place for handwashing. OBSERVATION ONLY ◯ Water is available ◯ Water is not available F15: Observe presence of soap, detergent or other cleaning agent at the place for handwashing. OBSERVATION ONLY ☐ Soap or detergent (bar, liquid, powder, paste) ☐ Ash, mud, sand ☐ None F16: Observe presence of toilet facility that households said they used. OBSERVATION ONLY ◯ Toilet facility is available ◯ Toilet facility is not available F17: Observe, Do not ask. Roof top material (outer covering): OBSERVATION ONLY ◯ No roof ◯ Thatch/Palm leaf ◯ Sod ◯ Rustic mat ◯ Palm/bamboo ◯ Wood planks ◯ Cardboard ◯ Metal ◯ Wood ◯ Calamine/cement fiber ◯ Ceramic tiles ◯ Cement ◯ Roofing shingles ◯ Other(Specify) F17a: Specify other: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 48 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) F18: Observe, Do not ask. Floor material: OBSERVATION ONLY ◯ Earth/sand ◯ Dung ◯ Wood planks ◯ Palm/bamboo ◯ Parquet/polished wood ◯ Vinyl or asphalt strips ◯ Ceramic tiles ◯ Cement ◯ Carpet ◯ Other(Specify) F18a: Specify other: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused F19: Observe, Do not ask. Exterior walls: OBSERVATION ONLY ◯ No walls ◯ Cane/Palm/Trunks ◯ Dirt ◯ Bamboo with mud ◯ Stone with mud ◯ Uncovered adobe ◯ Plywood ◯ Cardboard ◯ Reused wood ◯ Metal sheeting ◯ Cement ◯ Stone with lime/cement ◯ Bricks ◯ Cement blocks ◯ Covered abode ◯ Wood planks/shingles ◯ Other(Specify) F19a: Specify other: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused F20: How many rooms in this dwelling are used for sleeping? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused F21: Does this household have electricity? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused F22: What is the main source of cooking fuel for your household? ◯ Electricity ◯ Liquid Propane Gas ◯ Natural Gas ◯ Biogas ◯ Kerosene ◯ Coal, Lignite ◯ Charcoal Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 49 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Wood ◯ Straw/Shrubs/Grass ◯ Agricultural Crop Residue ◯ Animal Dung ◯ Other ◯ No Food Cooked In Household ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused to answer F22a: Specify other: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Begin Module G. Agriculture Respondents for this module: All farmers Repetitions: All eligible male and female farmers Total number of eligible farmers is "${farmers_count}" G01_sel. Please select the names of the eligible farmers as indicated on the paper household roster A substitute household member may only answer this module if the farmer is still absent after the third visit, you must still select the FARMER'S name. Total number of eligible farmers is "${farmers_count}" ☐ ${hm1} ☐ ${hm2} ☐ ${hm3} ☐ ${hm4} ☐ ${hm5} ☐ ${hm6} ☐ ${hm7} ☐ ${hm8} ☐ ${hm9} ☐ ${hm10} ☐ ${hm11} ☐ ${hm12} ☐ ${hm13} ☐ ${hm14} ☐ ${hm15} ☐ ${hm16} ☐ ${hm17} ☐ ${hm18} ☐ ${hm19} ☐ ${hm20} ☐ ${hm21} ☐ ${hm22} ☐ ${hm23} ☐ ${hm24} ☐ ${hm25} G01a. Are you a substitute household member because ${G01} is an absent? ◯ Yes ◯ No IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 50 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) A substitute household member may only answer this module if the farmer is still absent after the third visit. G01b. Are you knowledgeable of ${G01}'s practices? Instructions to Respondent When the Farmer is Absent: I want to know about all farming activities in this household, are you willing and able to answer these questions about HIS/HER farming? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused G02. Does "${G01}" or the substitute household member for "${G01}" give consent to participate in Module G: Agriculture? ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this module ◯ Household Member was not available G03. Does "${G01}"regularly participated in agriculture related trainings/meetings, specifically the Njira Project and/or the UBALE Project? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused G04. Does "${G01}" have access to a plot of land (even if very small) over which you make decisions about what will be grown, OR how it will be grown, OR how to dispose of the harvest? Includes plots of land allocated to farmers for growing crops buy not owned. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused G05. Does "${G01}" have animals and/or aquaculture products over which you make decisions about their management OR how to dispose of the production? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused G28. Why was "${G01}" unable to complete the survey? G07: Does "${G01}" take any agricultural credit, in cash or in kind, in the past 12 months from any of the following? Read list. Select all that apply ☐ Agro-dealers ☐ Contract farming ☐ Village savings groups ☐ Farmers associations or cooperatives ☐ MFI ☐ Banks (e.g. OIBM) ☐ Government institution ☐ Non-cash loans ☐ Input/cash from buyers (non-contract) ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Did not take any agricultural credit ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused G07a: Please specify: Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 51 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused MFI=MAGULU OBWEREKETSA NDALAMA MONGA (MONGA. FINCA, CUMO). OIBM=OPPORTUNITY INTERNATIONAL BANK OF MALAWI G08: Does "${G01}" save any cash through any of the following formal institutions in the past 12 months? Read list. Select all that apply. ☐ Village savings and loan ☐ MFI ☐ Farmers Assoc/Coop ☐ Banks (e.g. OIBM) ☐ Mobile phone banking ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Did not save any cash ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused G08a: Please specify: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused G09: Does "${G01}" buy any agricultural insurance in the past 12 months? Some people insure their agricultural production against negative unexpected circumstances, such as drought, floods, and pests by paying for this service. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Now I want to ask you about farming and livestock practices about which you make decisions. This includes practices about crops, animals and aquaculture products. G10: Which of the following activities related to farming and animal husbandry has "${G01}" practiced or received services for during the past 12 months? Read each activity. Select all that apply. ☐ Purchase inputs through agro-dealers and/or community associations ☐ Use of financial services ☐ Use of training and extension services ☐ Contract farming ☐ Pen feeding ☐ Processing produce (roasting, hulling, milling, grinding) ☐ Trading/marketing produce through marketing groups, agro-dealers or community associations ☐ Use of marketing systems for livestock ☐ Warehouse receipt system (WRS) ☐ Use of market information services (NGOs, Govt., PSP, mobile) ☐ Use of business development services ☐ Use of insurance services ☐ Planning and profit calculations ☐ Did not practice any of these activities in IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 52 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) past 12 months ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused G12: In the past 12 months, did "${G01}" plant any crops in the plot(s) over which you make decisions? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Refused G13: What crops did "${G01}" plant during the past 12 months in the plot(s) over which you make decisions? Select all crops named by the respondent. OFSP = ORANGE FLESH SWEET POTATO NUA BEANS = THE IRON AND ZINC FORTIFIED BEANS ☐ Sorghum ☐ Millet ☐ Cow peas ☐ Groundnuts ☐ Maize ☐ Rice ☐ Soybeans ☐ Cassava ☐ Sesame ☐ NUA beans ☐ Other beans ☐ OFSP ☐ Sweet potato ☐ Pigeon peas ☐ Cotton ☐ Tobacco ☐ Sugar cane ☐ Chiles (paprika) ☐ Fruits & vegetables ☐ Other1(Specify) ☐ Other2(Specify) ☐ None ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused G13a: Please specify all other crops: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused G13a2: Please specify all other crops: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused G13b: For the crops (including vegetables) that "${G01}" planted, did "${G01}" use any of these practices in the past 12 months? Select all crops named by the respondent. ☐ Manure ☐ Compost ☐ Planting basins ☐ Mulching ☐ Weed control ☐ Dry planting ☐ Residue incorporation ☐ Tied ridges/BOX RIDGES Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 53 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ☐ Crop rotations ☐ Intercropping ☐ Planting with first rains ☐ Use of improved crop varieties ☐ Contour RIDGES ☐ Ridging ☐ Pit planting ☐ Minimum tillage ☐ Chemical pest control ☐ Biological or natural pest control ☐ Sasakawa (planting of one seed per station for maize) ☐ Agro-forestry ☐ Did not use any of these practices in past 12 months ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused G13c: What crops did "${G01}" sell during the past twelve months from the plot(s) over which "${G01}" made decisions? Select all crops named by the respondent. OFSP = ORANGE FLESH SWEET POTATO NUA BEANS = THE IRON AND ZINC FORTIFIED BEANS ☐ Sorghum ☐ Millet ☐ Cow peas ☐ Groundnuts ☐ Maize ☐ Rice ☐ Soybeans ☐ Cassava ☐ Sesame ☐ NUA beans ☐ Other beans ☐ OFSP ☐ Sweet potato ☐ Pigeon peas ☐ Cotton ☐ Tobacco ☐ Sugar cane ☐ Chiles (paprika) ☐ Fruits & vegetables ☐ Other1(Specify) ☐ Other2(Specify) ☐ None ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 54 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) G13c1: Please specify all other crops: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused G13c2: Please specify all other crops: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused G15: What livestock did "${G01}" raise/care for and make decisions about during the past 12 months? Select all animal species (including fish) named by the respondent. ☐ Cattle ☐ Goats ☐ Sheep ☐ Donkeys ☐ Pigs ☐ Chicken ☐ Rabbits ☐ Turkeys ☐ Guinea fowl ☐ Ducks ☐ Fish ☐ Pigeons ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ None ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused G15a: Please specify all other animals: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused G15b: Please specify all other animals: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused G16: Did "${G01}" use any of the following practices when you cared for livestock during the past 12 months? Read each practice. Select those that were used. ☐ Improved animal shelters ☐ Vaccinations ☐ Deworming ☐ Castration ☐ Dehorning ☐ Homemade animal feeds made of locally available products ☐ Animal feed supplied by stock feed manufacturer ☐ Artificial insemination ☐ Pen feeding ☐ Fodder production ☐ Used the services of community animal health workers or paravets ☐ Dipping ☐ Raising improved breeds ☐ Did not practice any of these activities in Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 55 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) past 12 months ☐ Don't know ☐ Refused G17: If "${G01}" purchased drugs or medicines to give to livestock during the past 12 months, where did "${G01}" primarily purchase the drugs? ◯ Veterinarian ◯ Community animal health worker ◯ Paravet ◯ Agro-dealer ◯ Other(Specify) ◯ Did not purchase drugs/medicines ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused G17a: Please specify: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused G18: Did "${G01}" use any of the following natural resources management practices or techniques that were not related directly to your on-farm production during the past 12 months? Read each practice. Select those that were used. ☐ Management or protection of watersheds or water catchments ☐ Management of forest plantation ☐ Sustainable harvesting of forest products ☐ Did not practice any of these activities in past 12 months ☐ Don't know ☐ Refused G20: During the past 12 months did "${G01}" store any crops from the plot(s) over which you make decisions? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused G21: Did "${G01}" use any of the following methods to store the crops? Read each method. Select those that were used. ☐ Pics bags ☐ Improved granary ☐ Warehousing or cereal banks ☐ Use of trap ☐ Grain bag with pesticides ☐ Did not use any of these methods ☐ Don't know ☐ Refused G22: During the past 12 months, did "${G01}" access any extension services for his crops or livestock? Read each reason. Select all that apply. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused G23: What type of extension services did "${G01}" access in the past 12 months for "${G01}'s" crops or livestock? Select all that apply. ☐ Production ☐ Pest Management ☐ Disease Control ☐ Market Information ☐ Other(Specify) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 56 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused G23a: Please specify all other animals: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused G24: Has "${G01}" benefitted from at least one of the extension services for the past 12 months? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused G25: Who provided the extension services? Select all that apply. ☐ Government Extension Workers ☐ Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) ☐ Private Sector/Company ☐ Other(Specify) ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused G25a: Please specify: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Now, I would like to ask you about statements about self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. G26a: I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused G26b: If someone opposes me, I can find the means and ways to get what I want. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused G26c: It is easy for me to stick to my aims and accomplish my goals. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused G26d: I am confident I could deal efficiently with unexpected events. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 57 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) G26e: Thanks to my resourcefulness, I know how to handle unforeseen situations. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused G26f: I can solve most problems if I invest the necessary effort. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused G26g: I can remain calm when facing difficulties because I can rely on my coping abilities. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused G26h: When I am confronted with a problem I can usually find several solutions. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused G26i: If I am in trouble, I can usually think of a solution. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused G26j: I can usually handle whatever comes my way. How much do they agree with the following statement? ◯ Not at all true ◯ Hardly true ◯ Moderately true ◯ Exactly true ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused Now, I would like to ask your perception on community leader’s support to women’s participation and taking leadership roles in community. G27a: Do community leaders encourage women to participate and take up leadership roles in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 58 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) G27b: In which ways do local leaders offer support? Select all that apply. ☐ Organize community meetings where women are invited ☐ Organize community meetings at times when women can attend ☐ Sensitize communities on the importance of female participation ☐ Taking a role during selection of executive committees to ensure that women are included ☐ Ensuring that topics important to women are discussed ☐ Local leaders did not offer support in the ways listed above ☐ Don't know ☐ Refused Begin Module C. Food Access Respondents for this module: Household members responsible for food preparation in the household. Total number of eligible responsible adults are "${prep_count}" C01_sel. Please select the name of the eligible household member who is responsible for food preparation in the household ◯ ${hm1} ◯ ${hm2} ◯ ${hm3} ◯ ${hm4} ◯ ${hm5} ◯ ${hm6} ◯ ${hm7} ◯ ${hm8} ◯ ${hm9} ◯ ${hm10} ◯ ${hm11} ◯ ${hm12} ◯ ${hm13} ◯ ${hm14} ◯ ${hm15} ◯ ${hm16} ◯ ${hm17} ◯ ${hm18} ◯ ${hm19} ◯ ${hm20} ◯ ${hm21} ◯ ${hm22} ◯ ${hm23} ◯ ${hm24} ◯ ${hm25} Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 59 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) C02. Does "${C01}" give consent to participate in Module C: Food Access? ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this module ◯ Household Member was not available C26. Why was "${C01}" unable to complete the survey? C03: Was yesterday an unusual or special day (Festival, Funeral, etc.) or were most household members absent? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Now I would like to ask you about the types of foods that you or anyone else in your household ate yesterday during the day and at night. C04: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Maize, bread, rice, sorghum, millet, finger millet (Eleusinian), barley, bulger wheat, pasta, noodles, porridge, CSB (corn soy blend), ufasoya, or other foods made from cereals/grains" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C05: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Cassava, potatoes, sweet potatoes, orange-flesh sweet potatoes, yams, or any other foods made from roots or tubers (plantains)" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C06: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any vegetables (leaves, root)? Such as carrots, pumpkin leaves, traditional / indigenous vegetables, okra, pumpkin, squash, gourds, tomato, or mushrooms" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C07: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any fruits? Including traditional/indigenous fruits, watermelon, baobaba, etc." yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C08: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any meat? Beef, pork, lamb, goat, rabbit, wild game, chicken, duck, frog, lizard, or other birds? Liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats or blood" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 60 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) C09: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any eggs? (chicken, turkey, fowl, duck)" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C10: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any fresh or dried fish, dried shellfish, or crabs" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C11: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any foods made from beans, peas, lentils, cowpeas, pigeon peas, groundnuts, or cashew nuts" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C12: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any cheese, yogurt, milk, sour milk, or other dairy products" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C13: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any foods made with oil, fat, animal fat, lard or butter" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C14: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any sugar, honey, sugar cane, or sweet reed" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C15: Did you or anyone else in your household eat "Any other foods, such as tomato sauce or condiments, spices, coffee, or tea" yesterday? Do not include foods consumed outside the home that were prepared elsewhere. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused HSS Questions Now I will ask you about the food you have consumed in the past 30 days C16: In the past [4 WEEKS/30DAYS] was there ever no food to eat of any kind in your house because of lack of resources to get food? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C17: How often did this happen in the past [4 WEEKS/30 DAYS]? Read options. ◯ Rarely (1-2 times) ◯ Sometimes (3-10 times) ◯ Often (more than 10) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 61 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Does Not Know ◯ Refused C18: In the past [4 WEEKS/30 DAYS] did you or any household member go to sleep at night hungry because there was not enough food? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C19: How often did this happen in the past [4 WEEKS/30 DAYS]? Read options. ◯ Rarely (1-2 times) ◯ Sometimes (3-10 times) ◯ Often (more than 10) ◯ Does Not Know ◯ Refused C20: In the past [4 WEEKS/30 DAYS] did you or any household member go a whole day and night without eating anything at all because there was not enough food? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C21: How often did this happen in the past [4 WEEKS/30 DAYS]? Read options. ◯ Rarely (1-2 times) ◯ Sometimes (3-10 times) ◯ Often (more than 10) ◯ Does Not Know ◯ Refused Assistance and coping questions Please make sure the respondent understands that his/her response to these questions will have no influence on whether the household will be eligible or ineligible to receive future assistance. C22: Did you receive any of the following types of assistance during the past 12 months? Read each response and choose all that apply. ☐ Food ☐ Cash ☐ Crop inputs (fertilizer, seed) ☐ Livestock inputs ☐ WASH inputs (chlorine, jerrycans, soap,Sanplat, covered buckets, etc.) ☐ Household kits (pots, pans, etc.) ☐ Plastic sheeting/tarpoline ☐ Mosquito nets ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ No assistance received ☐ Don't know ☐ Refused C22a: Please specify: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused C23: Who did you receive the assistance from? NGO=Non-governmental Organization ☐ Government ☐ NGO ☐ Community group IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 62 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ☐ Farmers COOP/Association ☐ Friend or family member ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused C23a: Please specify: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused C24: Did you receive the assistance in response to a shock? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused C25: Did you experience any of the following shocks during the last 12 months? Read each response and choose all that apply. ☐ Drought ☐ Flood/water logging ☐ Strong winds or storms ☐ Crop disease or crop pests ☐ Livestock disease or deaths ☐ Loss of job/non-payment ☐ Large fall in sale price of crops ☐ Large rise in prices of food ☐ Death in household ☐ Break-up of the household ☐ Illness ☐ Theft ☐ House damaged due to fire ☐ End of regular assistance, aid or remittances from outside ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ No shock experienced ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused C25a: Please specify: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Begin Module D1: Children's Nutritional Status and Feeding Practices READ: I would now like to ask you some questions about your children. Respondents for this module: Primary Caregivers of children under the age of 5 years old (59 months or younger) Repetitions: For all children under the age of 5 years old (59 months or younger) Total number of eligible children under the age of 5 years is "${kid_countall}" Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 63 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) D01_sel : Please select that names of the children under 5 from the list: ☐ ${hm1} ☐ ${hm2} ☐ ${hm3} ☐ ${hm4} ☐ ${hm5} ☐ ${hm6} ☐ ${hm7} ☐ ${hm8} ☐ ${hm9} ☐ ${hm10} ☐ ${hm11} ☐ ${hm12} ☐ ${hm13} ☐ ${hm14} ☐ ${hm15} ☐ ${hm16} ☐ ${hm17} ☐ ${hm18} ☐ ${hm19} ☐ ${hm20} ☐ ${hm21} ☐ ${hm22} ☐ ${hm23} ☐ ${hm24} ☐ ${hm25} D02: Please select the name of the primary caregiver for "${D01}" If the primary caregiver is not available, please return (select the back arrow) to question D01 and unselect that child. All primary caregivers and children must be on the household roster. ◯ ${hm1} ◯ ${hm2} ◯ ${hm3} ◯ ${hm4} ◯ ${hm5} ◯ ${hm6} ◯ ${hm7} ◯ ${hm8} ◯ ${hm9} ◯ ${hm10} ◯ ${hm11} ◯ ${hm12} ◯ ${hm13} ◯ ${hm14} ◯ ${hm15} ◯ ${hm16} ◯ ${hm17} ◯ ${hm18} IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 64 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ ${hm19} ◯ ${hm20} ◯ ${hm21} ◯ ${hm22} ◯ ${hm23} ◯ ${hm24} ◯ ${hm25} D03: Does the "primary caregiver" give consent to participate in Module D1: Children's Nutritional Status and Feeding Practices and Module D2: Children’s Diarrhea and Oral Rehydration Therapy? ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this module ◯ Household Member was not available D07: How old is "${D01}" in complete years? Must record completed years. If the child is 1 year and 11 months old, please record the child as "1" year old. If the child is 4 years and 11 months old please record the child as "4" years old. If the child is less the a year please record "0" If the child is 5 years or older please enter -10, and you will be prompted to the next eligible child or the next Module D08: Are you (or anyone in HH) receiving food rations as part of Njira Project and/or UBALE Project activities? Or have you received food rations in the past from the project? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D09: Please specify from where? D10: Are you (or anyone in HH) participating in nutrition training/meetings organized as part of Njira Project or UBALE Project activities? Or have you participated nutrition activities in the past? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Exclusive Breast Feeding and Minimum Acceptable Diet D16 : Has "${D01}" ever been breastfed? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D17: Was "${D01}" breastfed yesterday during the day or night ? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D18. Did "${D01}" consume breast milk in any of these ways yesterday during the day or at night? Sometimes babies are breastfed by another woman or given breast milk from another woman by spoon, cup, bottle, or some other way. This can happen if a mother cannot breastfeed her own baby for various ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 65 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) reasons, such as the mother is sick or away, has mastitis, etc. Now I would like to ask you about some medicines and vitamins that are sometimes given to infants. D19: Was "${D01}" given any vitamin drops or other medicines as drops yesterday during the day or at night? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D20: Was "${D01}" given oral rehydration solution yesterday during the day or at night? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Next I would like to ask you about some liquids that "${D01}" may have had yesterday during the night or at day. Did "${D01}" have: D21: Did "${D01}" have plain water? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D22: Did "${D01}" have any kind of infant formula? If the respondent is unsure of what is meant by "infant formula" then probe with brand names such as Nani, SMA, Nestle, Enfamil, Isomil, Lactogen? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D23: How many times yesterday during the day or at night did "${D01}" consume any formula? D24: Did "${D01}" have any milk such as tinned, powdered or fresh animal milk? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D25: How many times yesterday during the day or at night did "${D01}" consume any milk? D26: Did "${D01}" have any juice or juice drinks (e.g., Mazoe, Sobo Squash), including sodas, cream sodas, etc.? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D27: Did "${D01}" have any clear broth? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D28: Did "${D01}" have any yogurt/yogi? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 66 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) D29: How many times yesterday during the day or at night did "${D01}" consume any yogurt? D30: Did "${D01}" have any thin porridge? (PROBES: gruel, Gerber, Cerelac, Ace, Nestum, Cerevita, Purity) Limit to porridge mixed very thin or thick drinks made from cereal (For example: Gruel, Gerber, Cerelac, Ace, Nestum, Cerevita,Purity). Thicker less liquid porridge is included under item D33. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D31: Any other liquids? PROBES: Gripe water, glucose water, sugar water? PROBES: Gripe water, madzi opatsa mphamvu (glucose water) kapena madzi ashuga? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Next I would like to ask you about (other) liquids or foods that "${D01}" ate yesterday during the day or at night. I am interested in whether your child had the item even if it was combined with other foods. For example, if "${D01}" ate a rice porridge made with a mixed vegetable sauce, you should reply yes to any food I ask about that was an ingredient in the porridge or sauce. Please do not include any food used in a small amount for seasoning or condiments (like chilies, spices, herbs, or fish powder). I will ask you about those foods separately. Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any of the following: D33: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any bread, savory biscuits, porridge, crackers, pasta, noodles, rice, or other foods made from grains such as corn, wheat, millet, sorghum, bulger, wheat, barley? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D34a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any orange-fleshed sweet potatoes or foods made from orange-fleshed sweet potatoes such as porridge, flitters, or stew for example? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D34b: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any other dark yellow or orange fleshed roots, tubers, or vegetables such as yellow-fleshed sweet potatoes, pumpkin, carrots, or squash? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D35: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink white potatoes, white yams, cassava, plantains or any other foods made from roots? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 67 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) D36a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, okra, pumpkin leaves, amaranth leaves or moringa leaves? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D36b: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any other vegetables, such as green beans, tomatoes, mushrooms, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc.? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D37a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink ripe mangos, ripe papaya, apricots, cantaloupe melons, or other fruits that are dark yellow or orange inside? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D37b: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any fruits like bananas, apples, avocados, pineapples, berries, baobab fruit, etc.? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D38a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from domesticated animals such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, duck, or pigeon? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D38b: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any meat from domesticated animals such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, duck, or pigeon? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D39a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from wild animals, such as warthogs, buck, kudu, impala, antelopes, crocodile, cats, monkeys, alligators, mice? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D39b: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any flesh from wild animals, such as warthogs, buck, kudu, impala, antelopes, crocodile, cats, monkeys, alligators, mice? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D40: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat eggs? (chicken, turkey, fowl, duck) ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D41: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat fresh or dried fish, shellfish, crabs, or seafood? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D42a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made from groundnut or groundnut products such as groundnut flour, peanut ◯ Yes ◯ No IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 68 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) butter, roasted groundnuts, boiled groundnut snack, groundnut sauces, or groundnut biscuits? ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D42b: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made from soy or soy products such as soya bean flour, soy milk, soy mash relish, soy flitters, or soy soup? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D42c: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made from NUA beans such as processed snacks, cakes, fritters, doughnuts and other similar products? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D42d: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made from beans, peas, lentils, or other legumes? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D43a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made with sesame or sesame flour? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D43b: Yesterday, during the day and night did "${D01}" eat any foods made from other nuts and seeds? Exclude foods made from groundnuts or sesame which belong in above category ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D44: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink milk, soured milk, cheese, yogurt, or other milk products? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D45: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any oils, fats, butter, or foods made with any of these? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D46: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any sugary foods such as chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries, doughnuts, cakes, sweet biscuits, or sugar cane? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D47: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat condiments for flavor, such as chilies, spices, herbs, fish powder, or curry, bicarbonate soda/ash used for cooking? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D48: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat edible insects, mopane worms, grasshoppers or flying ants? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 69 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) D49: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat food made with red palm oil, red palm nut, or red palm nut pulp sauce? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D50: Now, I'd just like to verify. Did "${D01}" eat any solid, semi-solid, or soft foods yesterday during the day or at night? If the respondent answered no to all food questions, but yes to question 50 the survey will automatically aske for a re-check of all food items ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D33a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any bread, savory biscuits, porridge, crackers, pasta, noodles, rice, or other foods made from grains such as corn, wheat, millet, sorghum, bulger, wheat, barley? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D34aa: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any orange-fleshed sweet potatoes or foods made from orange-fleshed sweet potatoes such as porridge, flitters, or stew for example? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D34bb: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any other dark yellow or orange fleshed roots, tubers, or vegetables such as yellow-fleshed sweet potatoes, pumpkin, carrots, or squash? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D35a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink white potatoes, white yams, cassava, plantains or any other foods made from roots? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D36aa: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, okra, pumpkin leaves, amaranth leaves or moringa leaves? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D36bb: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any other vegetables, such as green beans, tomatoes, mushrooms, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc.? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D37aa: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink ripe mangos, ripe papaya, apricots, cantaloupe melons, or other fruits that are dark yellow or orange inside? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D37bb: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink any fruits like bananas, apples, avocados, pineapples, berries, baobab fruit, etc.? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 70 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) D38aa: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from domesticated animals such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, duck, or pigeon? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D38bb: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any meat from domesticated animals such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, duck, or pigeon? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D39aa: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from wild animals, such as warthogs, buck, kudu, impala, antelopes, crocodile, cats, monkeys, alligators, mice? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D39bb: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any flesh from wild animals, such as warthogs, buck, kudu, impala, antelopes, crocodile, cats, monkeys, alligators, mice? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D40a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat eggs? (chicken, turkey, fowl, duck) ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D41a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat fresh or dried fish, shellfish, crabs, or seafood? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D42aa: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made from groundnut or groundnut products such as groundnut flour, peanut butter, roasted groundnuts, boiled groundnut snack, groundnut sauces, or groundnut biscuits? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D42bb: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made from soy or soy products such as soya bean flour, soy milk, soy mash relish, soy flitters, or soy soup? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D42cc: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made from NUA beans such as processed snacks, cakes, fritters, doughnuts and other similar products? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D42dd: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made from beans, peas, lentils, or other legumes? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 71 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) D43aa: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any food made with sesame or sesame flour? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D43bb: Yesterday, during the day and night did "${D01}" eat any foods made from other nuts and seeds? Exclude foods made from groundnuts or sesame which belong in above category ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D44a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat or drink milk, soured milk, cheese, yogurt, or other milk products? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D45a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any oils, fats, butter, or foods made with any of these? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D46a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat any sugary foods such as chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries, doughnuts, cakes, sweet biscuits, or sugar cane? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D47a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat condiments for flavor, such as chilies, spices, herbs, fish powder, or curry, bicarbonate soda/ash used for cooking? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D48a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat edible insects, mopane worms, grasshoppers or flying ants? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D49a: Yesterday, during the day and night, did "${D01}" eat food made with red palm oil, red palm nut, or red palm nut pulp sauce? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D51: How many times did "${D01}" eat solid, semi￾solid, or soft foods other than liquids yesterday during the day or at night? Please enter "0" if the child has not eaten. Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused D52: Did "${D01}" drink anything from a bottle with a nipple yesterday during the day or night? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Module D2. Children’s Diarrhea and Oral Rehydration Therapy (Primary Caregivers) The IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 72 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) term(s) used for diarrhea should encompass the expressions used for all forms of diarrhea, including bloody stools (consistent with dysentery), watery stools, etc. D54: Has "${D01}" had diarrhea in the last 2 weeks? Diarrhea is defined as 3 or more watery stools in a day. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D55: Was there any blood in the stools? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D56: How much was "${D01}" given to drink during the period that "${D01}" had diarrhea (including breastmilk)? Hint: Was "${D01}" given less than usual to drink, about the same amount, or more than usual to drink during the period that "${D01}" had diarrhea? IF LESS, PROBE: Was he/she given much less than usual to drink or somewhat less? ◯ Much less ◯ Somewhat less ◯ About the same ◯ More ◯ Nothing to drink ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused to answer D57: When "${D01}" had diarrhea, was he/she given less than usual to eat, about the same amount, more than usual, or nothing to eat? IF LESS, PROBE: Was he/she given much less than usual to eat or somewhat less? ◯ Much less ◯ Somewhat less ◯ About the same ◯ More ◯ Stopped food ◯ Never gave food ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused to answer D58: Did you seek advice or treatment for the diarrhea from any source? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Refused D59: Where did you seek advice or treatment? ☐ Public sector ☐ Mission hospital ☐ Private medical sector ☐ Other source ☐ Does not know ☐ Refused to answer D59a. Public Sector ◯ Central hospital ◯ Provincial hospital ◯ District hospital ◯ Rural hospital ◯ Rural health center ◯ Urban medical clinic ◯ Community/village health worker Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 73 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Other public sector location ◯ Does not know ◯ Refused to answer D59aa. Specify Other Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused D59b. Mission Hospital ◯ Mission hospital ◯ Does not know ◯ Refused to answer D59c. Private Sector Hospital ◯ Private hospital/clinic ◯ Pharmacy ◯ Private doctor ◯ Specify other private doctor ◯ Does not know ◯ Refused to answer D59cc. Specify Other Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused D59d. Other Medical Options ◯ Shop ◯ Traditional practitioner ◯ Market ◯ Specify other location ◯ Does not know ◯ Refused to answer D59dd. Specify Other Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused D61: Where did you seek advice or treatment FIRST? ◯ Central Hospital ◯ District Hospital ◯ Village Clinic ◯ Rural Hospital ◯ Rural Health Center ◯ Urban Municipal Clinic ◯ Commune/Village Health Worker ◯ Other Public Sector (Specify) ◯ Mission Hospital ◯ Pvt. Hospital Clinic ◯ Pharmacy ◯ Pvt. Doctor ◯ Other Private Med. Sector (Specify) ◯ Shop ◯ Traditional Practitioner ◯ Market ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused to answer Was he/she given any of the following to drink at any time since he/she started having the diarrhea: IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 74 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) D62a: A fluid made from a special packet called an Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) sachet to drink at any time? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D62b: A home-made sugar salt water solution (SSS) to drink at any time? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D63: Was anything (else) given to treat the diarrhea? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D64: What (else) was given to treat the diarrhea? Anything else? ☐ Pill or syrup - Antibiotic ☐ Pill or syrup - Antimotility ☐ Pill or syrup - Zinc ☐ Pill or syrup - Other (not antibiotic, antimotility, or zinc) ☐ Pill or syrup - Unknown pill or syrup ☐ Injection - Antibiotic ☐ Injection - Non-antibiotic ☐ Injection - Unknown injection ☐ Injection - (IV) Intravenous (drips) ☐ Home remedy/herbal medicine ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Don’t know ☐ Refused to answer D64a: Please specify: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused All children must be under the age of 5 years old (59 months or younger) If this is a mistake please select the back arrow and enter the correct age of "${D01}" in question D07 D65: Why was Module D unable to be completed by the primary caregiver? Consent from the primary caregiver of "${D01}" is required for module D1 and D2 Begin Module E. Women's Nutrition, Breastfeeding and Antenatal Care Respondent for this module: Only to female respondent Repetitions: Once for each woman aged 15-49 Please refer to the paper tool for the names of the women aged 15-49 who will answer the questions in this section The total number of eligible Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 75 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) women between 15-49 years of age is "${wom_age}" E01_sel. Please select the names of ALL the eligible Female Respondents as indicated on the paper household roster Total number of eligible women between the age of 15 and 49 years of age from the roster is "${wom_age}" ☐ ${hm1} ☐ ${hm2} ☐ ${hm3} ☐ ${hm4} ☐ ${hm5} ☐ ${hm6} ☐ ${hm7} ☐ ${hm8} ☐ ${hm9} ☐ ${hm10} ☐ ${hm11} ☐ ${hm12} ☐ ${hm13} ☐ ${hm14} ☐ ${hm15} ☐ ${hm16} ☐ ${hm17} ☐ ${hm18} ☐ ${hm19} ☐ ${hm20} ☐ ${hm21} ☐ ${hm22} ☐ ${hm23} ☐ ${hm24} ☐ ${hm25} E02. Does ${E01} give consent to participate in Module E: Women's Nutrition, Breastfeeding and Antenatal Care? Respondents must be between the age of 15-49 years of age ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this module ◯ Household Member was not available E03. In what month and year were you born? Day: Month: Year: E04. Please tell me how old you are. What was your age at your last birthday? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused If the respondent is NOT between 15-49 years of age please enter "-10" and move on to question E46 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 76 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) E05. Are you between the ages of 15 and 49 years of age. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused D65: Why was Module e unable to be completed by the primary caregiver? Now I would like to ask you about liquids or foods that you ate yesterday during the day or at night. I am interested in whether you had the item even if it was combined with other foods. For example, if you ate a millet porridge made with a mixed vegetable sauce, you should reply yes to any food I ask about that was an ingredient in the porridge or sauce. Please do not include any food used in a small amount for seasoning or condiments (like chilies, spices, herbs, or fish powder), I will ask you about those foods separately. E07: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any bread, biscuits (savory), porridge, crackers, pasta, noodles, rice, or other foods made from grains such as corn, wheat, millet, sorghum, bulger, wheat, barley? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E08a: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any orange-fleshed sweet potatoes, or foods made from orange-fleshed sweet potatoes such as porridge, flitters, or stew for example? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E08b: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any other dark yellow or orange fleshed roots, tubers, or vegetables such as yellow-fleshed sweet potatoes, pumpkin, carrots, or squash? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E09: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat white potatoes, white yams, cassava, plantains, or any other foods made from roots? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E10: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, okra, pumpkin leaves, amaranthas leaves or moringa leaves? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E11: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any other vegetables, like green beans, tomatoes, mushrooms, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc.? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E12: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat ripe mangos, ripe papaya, apricots, ◯ Yes ◯ No Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 77 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) cantaloupe melons, or other fruits that are dark yellow or orange inside? ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E13: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any other fruits like bananas, apples, avocados, pineapples, berries, baobab fruit, etc.? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E14: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from domesticated animals such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, duck or pigeon? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E15: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any meat from domesticated animals such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, duck, or pigeon? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E16: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats from wild animals, such as warthogs, buck, kudu, impala, antelopes, crocodile, cats, monkeys, alligators, and mice ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E17: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any flesh from wild animals, such as warthogs, buck, kudu, impala, antelopes, crocodile, cats, monkeys, alligators, and mice? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E18: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any eggs? (chicken, turkey, fowl, duck) ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E19: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any fresh or dried fish, shellfish, crabs or seafood? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E20a: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any food made from groundnut or groundnut products such as groundnut flour, peanut butter, roasted groundnuts, boiled groundnut snack, groundnut sauces, or groundnut biscuits? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E20b: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any foods made from soy or soy products such as soya bean flour, soy milk, soy mash relish, soy flitters, or soy soup? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E20c: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any foods made from NUA beans such as processed snacks, cakes, fritters, doughnuts and other similar products? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 78 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) E20d: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any foods made from beans, peas, lentils, or other legumes? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E21a: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any foods made from sesame or sesame flour? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E21b: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any foods made from other nuts and seeds? Exclude foods made from groundnuts or sesame seeds, which belong in the above categories. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E22: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any milk, soured milk, cheese, yogurt, or other milk products? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E23: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any oils, fats, butter, or foods made with any of these? Include groundnut oil and sesame oil. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E24: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any sugary foods such as chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries, doughnuts, cakes, sweet biscuits, or sugar cane? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E25: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any condiments for flavor, such as chilies, spices, herbs, fish powder, or curry, bicarbonate soda/ash used for cooking? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E26: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any edible insects, mopane worms, grasshoppers, or flying ants? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E27: Yesterday during the day or night did you drink/eat any foods made with red palm oil, red palm nut, or red palm nut pulp sauce? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Now I would like to ask you about pregnancies and births you may have had. E28: Are you currently pregnant? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 79 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) E29: Have you ever been pregnant? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E30: Have you ever given birth? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E31: When was the last time you gave birth to a boy or girl who was born alive? If the respondent does not know the birthdate ask: do you have a health/vaccination card for that child with birthdate recorded? If the health/vaccination card is shown, record the date of birth as documented on the card. Day: Month: Year: E31a: Check answer to Question 31: Did the respondent's last live birth occur within the past 5 years? That is, since July 2014? This question is a check, please don’t ask the respondent this question The child MUST be a member of the household and on the household roster list If the child is deceased, enter "NO" ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don’t Know ◯ Refused ◯ Child is not part of the household E32: What is the name of your child who was born last? All children must be part of the Household Roster, if the child is not part of the household please select the back arrow and re-answer E31a "Child is not part of the household" ◯ ${hm1} ◯ ${hm2} ◯ ${hm3} ◯ ${hm4} ◯ ${hm5} ◯ ${hm6} ◯ ${hm7} ◯ ${hm8} ◯ ${hm9} ◯ ${hm10} ◯ ${hm11} ◯ ${hm12} ◯ ${hm13} ◯ ${hm14} ◯ ${hm15} ◯ ${hm16} ◯ ${hm17} ◯ ${hm18} ◯ ${hm19} ◯ ${hm20} ◯ ${hm21} ◯ ${hm22} ◯ ${hm23} IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 80 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ ${hm24} ◯ ${hm25} E34: Did you ever breastfeed your child? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E35: How long after birth did you first put your child to the breast? ◯ Immediately ◯ Hours afterwards ◯ Days afterwards E35a: RECORD number of "HOURS" before breastfeeding Please convert hours to days. 24 hours = 1 day E35b: RECORD number of "DAYS" before breastfeeding E36: In the first three days after delivery, was your child given anything to drink other than breast milk? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E37: What was your child given to drink? Probe to identify each type of drink and select all mentioned. ☐ Milk (other than breast milk) ☐ Plain water ☐ Sugar or glucose water ☐ Gripe water ☐ Sugar-salt-water solution ☐ Fruit juice ☐ Infant formula ☐ Tea/infusion ☐ Coffee ☐ Honey ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Don’t know ☐ Refused to answer E37a: Please specify: E38: Did you see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E39: Whom did you see? Probe to identify each type of caregiver and select all mentioned. Respondents may think a nurse is always a woman and a doctor a man. Probe to identify each appropriately. ☐ Doctor ☐ Nurse/midwife ☐ Nurse aid ☐ Traditional birth attendant/Village health worker ☐ Heath Surveillance Assistant Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 81 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ☐ Patient/Ward Attendant ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused E39a: Please specify: E40: Where did you receive antenatal care for this pregnancy? Probe to identify each type of facility and select all mentioned. ☐ Government Hospital ☐ Government Clinic ☐ Private Hospital ☐ Mission Hospital ☐ Privat Maternity ☐ Government Facility (Health Center, Out￾Reach Clinic, Inc. Mobile) ☐ Home Of Traditional Birth Attendant ☐ Your Home ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Don't Know ☐ Refused E40a: Please specify: E41: How many months pregnant were you when you first received antenatal care during this pregnancy? Please select between 1 and 9 months E42: How many times did you receive antenatal care during this pregnancy? I would now like to ask a couple of questions about your sexual and reproductive health. E43a: What sources of information regarding sexual and reproductive health have you accessed in the past 12 months? Select all that apply. ☐ Friends ☐ Mother ☐ Aunts/Other Female Relative ☐ Spouse/Partner ☐ Other Boys/Men ☐ Initiation Ceremony ☐ School Curriculum ☐ Hospital ☐ Radio ☐ Community Health Assistant ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Did Not Access Any Information ☐ Don’t know ☐ Refused to answer E43aa: Please Specify IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 82 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) E43b: Which source did you use most often? ◯ Friends ◯ Mother ◯ Aunts/Other Female Relative ◯ Spouse/Partner ◯ Other Boys/Men ◯ Initiation Ceremony ◯ School Curriculum ◯ Hospital ◯ Radio ◯ Community Health Assistant ◯ Other ◯ Did Not Access Any Information ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused to answer E43bb: Please Specify Please rank the importance of the following practices to be well and healthy in preparation for pregnancy: E44a: Eating a variety of foods. ◯ Very unimportant ◯ Somewhat unimportant ◯ Neither important nor unimportant ◯ Somewhat important ◯ Very important E44b: Taking vitamins, including iron and folate. ◯ Very unimportant ◯ Somewhat unimportant ◯ Neither important nor unimportant ◯ Somewhat important ◯ Very important E44c: Staying a healthy weight. ◯ Very unimportant ◯ Somewhat unimportant ◯ Neither important nor unimportant ◯ Somewhat important ◯ Very important E44d: Seeking treatment for vaginal problems. ◯ Very unimportant ◯ Somewhat unimportant ◯ Neither important nor unimportant ◯ Somewhat important ◯ Very important E44e: Avoiding unwanted pregnancies. ◯ Very unimportant ◯ Somewhat unimportant ◯ Neither important nor unimportant ◯ Somewhat important ◯ Very important Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 83 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) E44f: Birth spacing ◯ Very unimportant ◯ Somewhat unimportant ◯ Neither important nor unimportant ◯ Somewhat important ◯ Very important E46: Are you currently married or living together? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Refused E47: Are you or your partner currently doing something or using any method to delay or avoid getting pregnant? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused E48: Which method are you using? Select all methods mentioned. ☐ Female sterilization ☐ Male sterilization ☐ IUD ☐ Injectables ☐ Implants ☐ Pill ☐ Condom ☐ Female condom ☐ Emergency contraception ☐ Standard days method ☐ Lactational amen method ☐ Rhythm method ☐ Withdrawal ☐ Other modern method ☐ Other traditional method ☐ Don't know ☐ Refused Module J. Gender - Cash (All Men and Women who Earned Cash) Respondents for this module: All cash earners who are married or living together Repetitions: Once for each male and female cash earner Total number of eligible farmers is "${cash_count}" J01_sel. Please select the names the household members who earned cash as indicated on the paper household roster All men and women who earned cash Total number of eligible cash earners is "${cash_count}" ☐ ${hm1} ☐ ${hm2} ☐ ${hm3} ☐ ${hm4} ☐ ${hm5} ☐ ${hm6} ☐ ${hm7} ☐ ${hm8} IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 84 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ☐ ${hm9} ☐ ${hm10} ☐ ${hm11} ☐ ${hm12} ☐ ${hm13} ☐ ${hm14} ☐ ${hm15} ☐ ${hm16} ☐ ${hm17} ☐ ${hm18} ☐ ${hm19} ☐ ${hm20} ☐ ${hm21} ☐ ${hm22} ☐ ${hm23} ☐ ${hm24} ☐ ${hm25} J01a. Does "${J01}" consent to continue? ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this module ◯ Household Member was not available J02: Respondents martial status Eligible household member for Module J, must be married or living together. ◯ Married or living together ◯ Divorced/separated ◯ Widowed ◯ Never married and never lived together ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused J13: Why was "${J01}" unable to complete the survey J03: Have you done any work in the past 12 months? Hint: Work includes jobs in the formal and/or informal sector, full time, part time, or seasonal work that is done within and/or outside the home. It includes, but is not limited to agricultural daily wage labor, off-farm daily wage labor, income generation activities, sale of goods produced or processed outside the home or at the home, homestead garden or farm (e.g., vegetables, eggs, fish, livestock, artisanal goods), or petty trading. Hint: For this indicator, work does not include participating in cash for work, food for work, or conditional transfers and/or productive safety net programs. It does not include either caring for own children, cooking, cleaning or doing other routine chores for own ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 85 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) household (e.g., fetching water, collecting firewood) or being involved in agricultural production solely for household consumption. J04: During the past 12 months, were you usually paid in cash or in-kind for this work or were you not paid at all? ◯ Cash only ◯ Cash and in-kind ◯ In-kind only ◯ Not paid ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused J05: When you were paid in cash for this work, was the payment usually made directly to you, to your spouse/partner or to someone else in your household? ◯ Respondent ◯ Spouse/partner ◯ Someone else in HH (specify) ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Refused J05a: What is the relationship of this hh member to "${J01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused J05b: What is the relationship of this person to "${J01}"? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused J06: Do you usually discuss with someone about how the cash you earn will be used? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused J07: With whom do you usually talk about how the cash you earn will be used? Select all that apply. ☐ Spouse/partner ☐ Someone else in HH (specify relationship) ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Refused J07a: What is the relationship of this hh member to "${J01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 86 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused J07b: What is the relationship of this person to "${J01}"? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused J08: Who usually decides how the cash you earn will be used? Read all responses and select only one. ◯ Respondent ◯ Spouse/partner ◯ Yourself (respondent) and spouse/partner jointly ◯ Yourself (respondent) and other jointly (specify) ◯ Other (specify) ◯ Refused J08a: What is the relationship of this hh member to "${J01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused J08b: What is the relationship of this person to "${J01}"? J09: Who usually makes decisions about making major household purchases? Read all responses and select only one. ◯ Respondent ◯ Spouse/partner ◯ Yourself (respondent) and spouse/partner jointly ◯ Yourself (respondent) and other jointly (specify) ◯ Other (specify) ◯ Refused J09a: What is the relationship of this hh member to "${J01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 87 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused J09b: What is the relationship of this person to "${J01}"? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Module K. Gender - MCHN (All Men and Women with Child Under 2 Years) Respondents for this module: Biological parents of a child under the age of 2 years of age (23 months are younger) Total number of biological parents with children under 2 years is "${biopar_count}" K01_sel: Please select the names the household members who have a child under 2 years All Men and Women with Child Under 2 Years Total number of eligible biological parents with a child under the age of 2 years living in the household is "${biopar_count}" Total number of children under the age of two years (23 months or younger) living in the household is "${kid_count2}" ☐ ${hm1} ☐ ${hm2} ☐ ${hm3} ☐ ${hm4} ☐ ${hm5} ☐ ${hm6} ☐ ${hm7} ☐ ${hm8} ☐ ${hm9} ☐ ${hm10} ☐ ${hm11} ☐ ${hm12} ☐ ${hm13} ☐ ${hm14} ☐ ${hm15} ☐ ${hm16} ☐ ${hm17} ☐ ${hm18} ☐ ${hm19} ☐ ${hm20} ☐ ${hm21} ☐ ${hm22} ☐ ${hm23} ☐ ${hm24} ☐ ${hm25} K01a: Does "${K01}" consent to continue? ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this module ◯ Household Member was not available K02: Is "${K01}" a male or female ◯ Male ◯ Female IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 88 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) K03: What is the marital status of "${K01}" ◯ Married or living together ◯ Divorced/separated ◯ Widowed ◯ Never married and never lived together ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K04: "${K01}": Do you have any children under 2 years age? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don’t Know ◯ Refused ◯ Child is not part of the household K04a: "${K01}": What is the name of your child under 2 years of age? All children must be part of the Household Roster, if the child is not part of the household please select the back arrow and re-answer K04 - "Child is not part of the household" ☐ ${hm1} ☐ ${hm2} ☐ ${hm3} ☐ ${hm4} ☐ ${hm5} ☐ ${hm6} ☐ ${hm7} ☐ ${hm8} ☐ ${hm9} ☐ ${hm10} ☐ ${hm11} ☐ ${hm12} ☐ ${hm13} ☐ ${hm14} ☐ ${hm15} ☐ ${hm16} ☐ ${hm17} ☐ ${hm18} ☐ ${hm19} ☐ ${hm20} ☐ ${hm21} ☐ ${hm22} ☐ ${hm23} ☐ ${hm24} ☐ ${hm25} K16: Why was "${K01}" unable to complete the survey K05: How many times should a pregnant woman go for antenatal check-ups during the pregnancy? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused K05a: In your opinion, do you think pregnant women, overall, need to eat more, less or the same ◯ More ◯ Less Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 89 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) amount of food as they did before they got pregnant? ◯ Same ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused K06: How long after birth should a mother first put her baby to the breast? ◯ Immediately ◯ Less than 1 hour after delivery ◯ Some hours later but less than 24 hours ◯ 1 day later ◯ More than 1 day later ◯ Baby should not be breastfed ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused K07: At what age should a breast-fed child be introduced to semi-solid or solid foods? Age in months. Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Questions K08-K16 will only apply to respondents who are married or living together. If the respondent is not married/living together, you will be prompted to the next eligible biological parent of a child under 2 years of age or you will move on to Module H1. K08: Is there someone with whom you usually discuss your or your child’s health and nutrition? FEMALE RESPONDENT ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused K09: With whom do you usually discuss this? FEMALE RESPONDENT: Select all that apply. ☐ Spouse/partner ☐ Someone else in HH (specify relationship) ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Refused K09a: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"?? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K09b: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"?? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 90 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K10: Is there someone with whom you usually discuss your spouse/partner’s or your child’s health and nutrition? MALE RESPONDENT ◯ Yes ◯ No K11: With whom do you usually discuss this? MALE RESPONDENT: Select all that apply. ☐ Spouse/partner ☐ Someone else in HH (specify relationship) ☐ Other (Specify) ☐ Refused K11a: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"?? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K11b: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"?? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K12: Who usually makes decisions about your health and nutrition? FEMALE RESPONDENT: Read all responses and select only one. ◯ Respondent ◯ Spouse/partner ◯ Yourself (respondent) and spouse/partner jointly ◯ Yourself (respondent) and other jointly (specify) ◯ Other (specify) ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 91 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) K12a: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"?? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K12b: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K13: Who usually makes decisions about your spouse/partner's health and nutrition MALE RESPONDENT: Read all responses and select only one. ◯ Respondent ◯ Spouse/partner ◯ Yourself (respondent) and spouse/partner jointly ◯ Yourself (respondent) and other jointly (specify) ◯ Other (specify) ◯ Refused K13a: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K13b: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 92 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K14: Who usually makes decisions about your child's health and nutrition? Read all responses and select only one. ◯ Respondent ◯ Spouse/partner ◯ Yourself (respondent) and spouse/partner jointly ◯ Yourself (respondent) and other jointly (specify) ◯ Other (specify) ◯ Refused K14a: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K14b: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K15: Who usually makes decisions about making major household purchases? Read all responses and select only one. ◯ Respondent ◯ Spouse/partner ◯ Yourself (respondent) and spouse/partner jointly ◯ Yourself (respondent) and other jointly (specify) ◯ Other (specify) ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 93 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) K15a: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused K15b: What is the relationship of this person to "${K01}"? ◯ Daughter/Son ◯ Daughter/Son-in-Law ◯ Grandchild ◯ Parent ◯ Parent-in-Law ◯ Brother/Sister ◯ Other Relative ◯ Adopted/Foster/Stepchild ◯ Not Related ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused MODULE H1.1. FOOD CONSUMPTION OVER PAST 7 DAYS Respondents for this module: Household members responsible for food preparation in the household. Total number of eligible farmers is "{$prep_count}" Read to respondent: Now I would like to ask you about the kinds of foods that you and other members of your household have eaten over the past week. I’d also like to ask you about items that you or members of your household may have bought in the past week. Please include foods in meals that are shared with other members of the household, as well as foods that individual members of the household may have consumed independently of other family members. First, we will ask about foods that were eaten at your home, or at the home of friends or other family. Later we will ask about foods that were purchased already prepared from a restaurant or a vendor. H01. Please select the name of the person in charge of food preparation in last 7 days (same person as Module C) ◯ ${hm1} ◯ ${hm2} ◯ ${hm3} ◯ ${hm4} ◯ ${hm5} IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 94 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ ${hm6} ◯ ${hm7} ◯ ${hm8} ◯ ${hm9} ◯ ${hm10} ◯ ${hm11} ◯ ${hm12} ◯ ${hm13} ◯ ${hm14} ◯ ${hm15} ◯ ${hm16} ◯ ${hm17} ◯ ${hm18} ◯ ${hm19} ◯ ${hm20} ◯ ${hm21} ◯ ${hm22} ◯ ${hm23} ◯ ${hm24} ◯ ${hm25} H02: Does "${H01}" give consent to continue? ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this module ◯ Household Member was not available H03: Why was "${H01}" unable to complete the survey Food Asset Group 1 Dummy Q. ◯ 1.1 ◯ 1.2 ◯ 1.3 ◯ 1.4 ◯ 1.5 ◯ 1.6 ◯ 1.7 ◯ 1.8 ◯ 1.9 ◯ 1.10 ◯ 1.11 ◯ 1.12 ◯ 1.13 ◯ 1.14 ◯ 1.15 ◯ 1.16 Dummy Q. ◯ Maize ufamgaiwa (normal flour) ◯ Maize ufa refined (fine flour) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 95 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Maize ufamadeya (bran flour) ◯ Maize grain (not as ufa) ◯ Green maize ◯ Rice ◯ Finger millet (mawere) ◯ Sorghum (mapira) ◯ Pearl millet (mchewere) ◯ Wheat flour ◯ Bread ◯ Buns, scones ◯ Biscuits ◯ Spaghetti, macaroni, pasta ◯ Breakfast cereal ◯ Infant feeding cereals Item Code: ${H1.1_code} H1.1.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.1}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.1.2: How much ${item_H1.1} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.1.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 96 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.1.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.1.4: How much ${item_H1.1} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.1.2}" H1.1.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 97 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.1.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.1.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.1} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.1.7: How much ${item_H1.1} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.1.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.1.4}" H1.1.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 98 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.1.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.1.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.1} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Indicate in KWACHA (MK) H1.1.10: How much ${item_H1.1} came from gifts or other sources? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.1.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.1.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.1.7}" H1.1.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 99 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.1.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.1.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.1} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 2 Dummy Q. ◯ 2.1 ◯ 2.2 ◯ 2.3 ◯ 2.4 ◯ 2.5 ◯ 2.6 ◯ 2.7 ◯ 2.8 Dummy Q. ◯ Cassava tubers ◯ Cassava flour ◯ White sweet potato ◯ Orange sweet potato ◯ Irish potato ◯ Potato crisps ◯ Plantain, cooking banana ◯ Cocoyam (masimbi) Item Code: ${H1.2_code} H1.2.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.2}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.2.2: How much ${item_H1.2} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 100 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H1.2.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.2.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.2.4: How much ${item_H1.2} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.2.2}" H1.2.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 101 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.2.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.2.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.2} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.2.7: How much ${item_H1.2} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.2.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.2.4}" IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 102 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H1.2.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.2.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.2.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.2} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Indicate in KWACHA (MK) H1.2.10: How much ${item_H1.2} came from gifts or other sources? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 103 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.1.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.1.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.1.7}" H1.2.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.2.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.2.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.2} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 3 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 104 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Dummy Q. ◯ 3.1 ◯ 3.2 ◯ 3.3 ◯ 3.4 ◯ 3.5 ◯ 3.6 ◯ 3.7 ◯ 3.8 ◯ 3.9 Dummy Q. ◯ Bean, white ◯ Bean, brown ◯ Pigeon pea (nandolo) ◯ Groundnut ◯ Groundnut flour ◯ Soybean flour ◯ Ground bean (nzama) ◯ Cowpea (khobwe) ◯ Macademia nuts Item Code: ${H1.3_code} H1.3.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.3}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.3.2: How much ${item_H1.3} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.3.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 105 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.3.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.3.4: How much ${item_H1.3} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.3.2}" H1.3.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 106 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.3.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.3.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.3} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.3.7: How much ${item_H1.3} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.3.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.3.4}" H1.3.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 107 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.3.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.3.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.3} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Indicate in KWACHA (MK) H1.3.10: How much ${item_H1.3} came from gifts or other sources? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.3.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.3.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.3.7}" H1.3.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 108 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.3.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.3.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.3} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 4 Dummy Q. ◯ 4.1 ◯ 4.2 ◯ 4.3 ◯ 4.4 ◯ 4.5 ◯ 4.6 ◯ 4.7 ◯ 4.8 ◯ 4.9 ◯ 4.10 ◯ 4.11 ◯ 4.12 Dummy Q. ◯ Onion, fresh or processed ◯ Cabbage, fresh or processed ◯ Tanaposi/Rape, fresh or processed ◯ Nkhwani, fresh or processed ◯ Chinese cabbage, fresh or processed ◯ Other cultivated green leafy vegetables, fresh or processed ◯ Gathered wild green leaves ◯ Tomato, fresh or processed Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 109 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Cucumber, fresh or processed ◯ Pumpkin, fresh or processed ◯ Okra / Therere, fresh or processed ◯ Mushroom, fresh or processed Item Code: ${H1.4_code} H1.4.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.4}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.4.2: How much ${item_H1.4} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.4.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 110 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.4.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.4.4: How much ${item_H1.4} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.4.2}" H1.4.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.4.5a: Please specify Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 111 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.4.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.4} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.4.7: How much ${item_H1.4} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.4.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.4.4}" H1.4.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 112 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.4.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.4.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.4} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Indicate in KWACHA (MK) H1.4.10: How much ${item_H1.4} came from gifts or other sources? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.4.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.4.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.4.7}" H1.4.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 113 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.4.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.4.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.4} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 5 Dummy Q. ◯ 5.1 ◯ 5.2 ◯ 5.3 ◯ 5.4 ◯ 5.5 ◯ 5.6 ◯ 5.7 ◯ 5.8 ◯ 5.9 ◯ 5.10 ◯ 5.11 ◯ 5.12 ◯ 5.13 ◯ 5.14 Dummy Q. ◯ Eggs ◯ Dried fish ◯ Fresh fish ◯ Beef ◯ Goat ◯ Pork ◯ Mutton ◯ Chicken ◯ Guinea fowl, doves, pigeons, or other birds raised for meat or eggs. ◯ Small animal – rabbit, mice, etc. ◯ Termites, other insects, for example caterpillar ◯ Tinned meat or fish ◯ Smoked fish ◯ Fish Soup/Sauce Item Code: ${H1.5_code} H1.5.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.5}? ◯ Yes ◯ No IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 114 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.5.2: How much ${item_H1.5} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.5.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.5.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.5.4: How much ${item_H1.5} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 115 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.5.2}" H1.5.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.5.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.5.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.5} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 116 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H1.5.7: How much ${item_H1.5} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.5.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.5.4}" H1.5.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.5.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.5.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.5} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 117 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.5.10: How much ${item_H1.5} came from gifts or other sources? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.5.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.5.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.5.7}" H1.5.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.5.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 118 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H1.5.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.5} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 6 Dummy Q. ◯ 6.1 ◯ 6.2 ◯ 6.3 ◯ 6.4 ◯ 6.5 ◯ 6.6 ◯ 6.7 ◯ 6.8 ◯ 6.9 Dummy Q. ◯ Mango ◯ Banana ◯ Citrus – naartje, orange, etc. ◯ Pineapple ◯ Papaya ◯ Guava ◯ Avocado ◯ Wild fruit (masau, malambe, etc.) ◯ Apple Item Code: ${H1.6_code} H1.6.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.6}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.6.2: How much ${item_H1.6} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.6.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 119 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.6.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.6.4: How much ${item_H1.6} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.6.2}" H1.6.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 120 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.6.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.6.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.6} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.6.7: How much ${item_H1.6} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.6.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.6.4}" H1.6.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 121 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.6.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.6.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.6} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.6.10: How much ${item_H1.6} came from gifts or other sources? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.6.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.6.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.6.7}" H1.6.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 122 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.6.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.6.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.6} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 7 Dummy Q. ◯ 7.1 ◯ 7.2 ◯ 7.3 ◯ 7.4 ◯ 7.5 ◯ 7.6 ◯ 7.7 ◯ 7.8 Dummy Q. ◯ Fresh milk ◯ Powdered milk ◯ Margarine – (e.g. Blue band) ◯ Butter ◯ Chambiko - soured milk ◯ Yoghurt ◯ Cheese ◯ Infant feeding formula (for bottle) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 123 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Item Code: ${H1.7_code} H1.7.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.7}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.7.2: How much ${item_H1.7} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.7.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.7.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 124 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H1.7.4: How much ${item_H1.7} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.7.2}" H1.7.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.7.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.7.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.7} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 125 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.7.7: How much ${item_H1.7} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.7.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.7.4}" H1.7.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.7.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 126 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H1.7.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.7} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.7.10: How much ${item_H1.7} came from gifts or other sources? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.7.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.7.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.7.7}" H1.7.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 127 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H1.7.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.7.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.7} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 8 Dummy Q. ◯ 8.1 ◯ 8.2 ◯ 8.3 Dummy Q. ◯ Sugar ◯ Sugar Cane ◯ Cooking oil Item Code: ${item_H1.8} H1.8.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.8}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.8.2: How much ${item_H1.8} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.8.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 128 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.8.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.8.4: How much ${item_H1.8} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.8.2}" H1.8.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 129 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.8.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.8.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.8} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.8.7: How much ${item_H1.8} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.8.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.8.4}" H1.8.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 130 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.8.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.8.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.8} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.8.10: How much ${item_H1.8} came from gifts or other sources? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.8.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.8.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.8.7}" H1.8.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 131 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.8.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.8.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.8} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 9 Dummy Q. ◯ 9.1 ◯ 9.2 ◯ 9.3 ◯ 9.4 ◯ 9.5 ◯ 9.6 ◯ 9.7 ◯ 9.8 ◯ 9.9 ◯ 9.10 ◯ 9.11 ◯ 9.12 ◯ 9.13 ◯ 9.14 ◯ 9.15 Dummy Q. ◯ Tea ◯ Coffee ◯ Cocoa, Milo ◯ Squash (Sobo drink concentrate) ◯ Fruit juice ◯ Freezes (flavored ice) ◯ Soft drinks (Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, etc.) ◯ Chibuku (commercial traditional-style beer) ◯ Drinking water ◯ Maheu IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 132 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Bottled / canned beer (Carlsberg, etc.) ◯ Thobwa ◯ Traditional beer (masese) ◯ Wine or commercial liquor ◯ Locally brewed liquor (kachasu) Item Code: ${item_H1.9} H1.9.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.9}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.9.2: How much ${item_H1.9} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.9.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 133 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.9.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.9.4: How much ${item_H1.9} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.9.2}" H1.9.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 134 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H1.9.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.9.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.9} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.9.7: How much ${item_H1.9} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.9.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.9.4}" H1.9.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 135 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.9.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.9.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.9} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.9.10: How much ${item_H1.9} came from gifts or other sources? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.9.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.9.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.9.7}" H1.9.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 136 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.9.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.9.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.9} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 10 Dummy Q. ◯ 10.1 ◯ 10.2 ◯ 10.3 ◯ 10.4 ◯ 10.5 ◯ 10.6 ◯ 10.7 ◯ 10.8 ◯ 10.9 Dummy Q. ◯ Salt ◯ Spices ◯ Yeast, baking powder, bicarbonate of soda ◯ Tomato sauce (bottle) ◯ Hot sauce (Nali, etc.) ◯ Jam, jelly ◯ Sweets, candy, chocolates ◯ Honey ◯ Peanut butter Item Code: ${item_H1.10} H1.10.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.10}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.10.2: How much ${item_H1.10} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.10.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 137 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.10.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.10.4: How much ${item_H1.10} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.10.2}" H1.10.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 138 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.10.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.10.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.10} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.10.7: How much ${item_H1.10} came from your own production? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.10.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.10.4}" H1.10.8: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 139 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.10.8a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.10.9: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.10} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.10.10: How much ${item_H1.10} came from gifts or other sources? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.10.2}" Total amount purchased is "${H1.10.4}" Total amount produced is "${H1.10.7}" H1.10.11: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 140 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.10.11a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.10.12: How much would it have cost to buy that much ${item_H1.10} if you had to purchase it in the market today? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Food Asset Group 11 Dummy Q. ◯ 11.1 ◯ 11.2 ◯ 11.3 ◯ 11.4 ◯ 11.5 ◯ 11.6 ◯ 11.7 ◯ 11.8 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 141 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ 11.9 ◯ 11.10 Dummy Q. ◯ Maize - boiled or roasted (vendor) ◯ Chips (vendor) ◯ Cassava - boiled (vendor) ◯ Eggs - boiled (vendor) ◯ Chicken (vendor) ◯ Meat (vendor) ◯ Fish (vendor) ◯ Mandazi, doughnut (vendor) ◯ Samosa (vendor) ◯ Meal eaten at restaurant Item Code: ${item_H1.11} H1.11.1: Over the past 7 days, did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H1.11}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.11.2: How much ${item_H1.11} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.11.3: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 142 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.11.3a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.11.4: How much ${item_H1.11} in total did your household consume in the past 7 days came from purchases? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Total amount consumed is "${H1.11.2}" H1.11.5: Indicate in what unit the respondent gave their answer ◯ Kilogramme ◯ 50 Kg. Bag ◯ 90 Kg. Bag ◯ Pail (Small) ◯ Pail (Medium) ◯ Pail (Large) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 10 Plate (Heaped) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Flat) ◯ No. 12 Plate (Heaped) ◯ Bunch (Small) ◯ Bunch (Medium) ◯ Bunch (Large) ◯ Piece (Small) ◯ Piece (Medium) ◯ Piece (Large) ◯ Heap Small) ◯ Heap (Medium) ◯ Heap (Large) ◯ Bale ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Shelled) ◯ Basket (Dengu) (Unshelled) ◯ Ox-Cart (Unshelled) ◯ Litre ◯ Cup ◯ Tin ◯ Gram ◯ Millilitre ◯ Teaspoon Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 143 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Basin ◯ Sachet/Tube ◯ Total/Number ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.11.5a: Please specify Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.11.6: How much did you spend on the ${item_H1.11} consumed in the Past 7 days? If your family ate part but not all of something you purchased estimate what you spend only on the part that was consumed. Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.12.1: Over the past 7 days, did any people who are not members of your household eat any meals in your household? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.12.2: Over the past 7 days, how many people who are not members of your household ate meals in your household? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.12.3: Over the past 7days, what was the total number of days in which any meal was shared with people who are not members of your household? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.12.4: Over the past 7days, what was the total number of meals that were shared with people who are not members of your household? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.13.1: Over the past 7days, did your household purchase pet food for family pets like a cat or a dog? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.13.2: How much did you spend on pet food last week? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H1.14.1: Over the past 7days, were there any other expenditures on pets? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H1.14.2: How much did you spend on other purchases for pets last week? IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 144 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused MODULE H2-H7. Consent (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) Please select the name of the Head of Household or Responsible Adult ◯ ${hm1} ◯ ${hm2} ◯ ${hm3} ◯ ${hm4} ◯ ${hm5} ◯ ${hm6} ◯ ${hm7} ◯ ${hm8} ◯ ${hm9} ◯ ${hm10} ◯ ${hm11} ◯ ${hm12} ◯ ${hm13} ◯ ${hm14} ◯ ${hm15} ◯ ${hm16} ◯ ${hm17} ◯ ${hm18} ◯ ${hm19} ◯ ${hm20} ◯ ${hm21} ◯ ${hm22} ◯ ${hm23} ◯ ${hm24} ◯ ${hm25} H22: Does "${H21}" give consent to continue? ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this module ◯ Household Member was not available H23: Why was "${H21}" unable to complete the survey MODULE H2. NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES OVER PAST 7 DAYS (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) Respondents for this module: Head of the household or a responsible adult household member if the HH is absent. Total number of responsible adults is "${res_count}" H2.1: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any charcoal? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 145 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H2.1a: How much did you pay for the charcoal in total? Hint: How much did the charcoal cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H2.2: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any firewood? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H2.2a: How much did you pay for the firewood in total? Hint: How much did the firewood cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H2.3: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any paraffin or kerosene? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H2.3a: How much did you pay for the paraffin or kerosene in total? Hint: How much did the paraffin or kerosene cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H2.4: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any cigarettes or other tobacco? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H2.4a: How much did you pay for the cigarettes or other tobacco in total? Hint: How much did the cigarettes or other tobacco cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H2.5: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any candles? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H2.5a: How much did you pay for the candles in total? Hint: How much did the candles cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H2.6: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any matches? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 146 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H2.6a: How much did you pay for the matches in total? Hint: How much did the matches cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H2.7: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any newspaper or magazines? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H2.7a: How much did you pay for the newspaper or magazines in total? Hint: How much did the newspaper or magazines cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H2.8: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any public transport - Bicycle Taxi ? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H2.8a: How much did you pay for the public transport - Bicycle Taxi in total? Hint: How much did the public transport - Bicycle Taxi cost? Include any used for school under education costs and any used for obtaining health care under health expenditures Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H2.9: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any public transport - Bus/Minibus? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H2.9a: How much did you pay for the public transport - Bus/Minibus in total? Hint: How much did the public transport - Bus/Minibus cost? Include any used for school under education costs and any used for obtaining health care under health expenditures Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H2.10: Over the past one week (7 days), did your household purchase or pay for any public transport - Other (truck, oxcart, ect.)? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H2.10a: How much did you pay for the public transport - Other (truck, oxcart, ect.) in total? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 147 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Hint: How much did the public transport - Other (truck, oxcart, ect.) cost? Include any used for school under education costs and any used for obtaining health care under health expenditures Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) MODULE H3: NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES OVER THE LAST 30 DAYS (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) Dummy Q. ◯ H3.1 ◯ H3.2 ◯ H3.3 ◯ H3.4 ◯ H3.5 ◯ H3.6 ◯ H3.7 ◯ H3.8 ◯ H3.9 ◯ H3.10 ◯ H3.11 ◯ H3.12 ◯ H3.13 ◯ H3.14 ◯ H3.15 ◯ H3.16 ◯ H3.17 ◯ H3.18 ◯ H3.19 ◯ H3.20 ◯ H3.21 ◯ H3.22 Dummy Q. ◯ Milling fees for grains (not including cost of grain itself), grain ◯ Bar soap (body soap or clothes soap) ◯ Clothes soap (powder, paste) ◯ Toothpaste, toothbrush ◯ Toilet paper ◯ Glycerine, Vaseline, skin creams ◯ Other personal products (shampoo, razor blades, cosmetics, hair products, etc.) ◯ Light bulbs ◯ Postage stamps or other postal fees ◯ Donation - to church, charity, beggar, etc. ◯ Petrol or diesel ◯ Motor vehicle service, repair, or parts ◯ Bicycle service, repair, or parts IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 148 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Wages paid to servants ◯ Repairs to household and personal items (radios, watches, etc., excluding battery purchases) ◯ Utilities: Natural gas ◯ Utilities: Electricity ◯ Utilities: Water ◯ Batteries ◯ Recharging of batteries, cell phones, etc. ◯ Air time for cell phones ◯ MTL line Item Code: ${H3.1_code} H3.1.1: Over the past month (30 days), did you or others in your household consume any ${item_H3.1}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H3.1.2: How much did you pay for ${item_H3.1}? Hint: How much did the ${item_H3.1} cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) Health Expenditures H3.1.3: Over the past one month, did your household purchase or pay for anything related to illnesses and injuries, including for medicine, tests, consultation, & in-patient fees ? Include estimated value of any in-kind payments, or borrowed amounts ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H3.1.3a: How much did you pay in total for anything related to illnesses and injuries, including for medicine, tests, consultation, & in-patient fees ? Hint: How much did anything related to illnesses and injuries, including for medicine, tests, consultation, & in-patient fees cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H3.1.4: Over the past one month, did your household purchase or pay for anything related to Medical care not related to an illness - preventative health care, pre-natal visits, check-ups, etc. ? Include estimated value of any in-kind payments, or borrowed amounts ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H3.1.4a: How much did you pay in total for Medical care not related to an illness - preventative health care, pre-natal visits, check-ups, etc. ? Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 149 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Hint: How much did Medical care not related to an illness - preventative health care, pre-natal visits, check-ups, etc. cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H3.1.5: Over the past one month, did your household purchase or pay for anything related to non-prescription medicines, for example, Panadol, Fansidar, cough syrup, etc.? Include estimated value of any in-kind payments, or borrowed amounts ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H3.1.5a: How much did you pay in total for non￾prescription medicines, for example, Panadol, Fansidar, cough syrup, etc.? Hint: How much did non-prescription medicines, for example, Panadol, Fansidar, cough syrup, etc. cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H3.1.6: Over the past one month, did your household purchase or pay for anything related to transportation used to access health-related services or care that did not require an overnight stay in a health facility or at a traditional healer’s dwelling? Include estimated value of any in-kind payments, or borrowed amounts ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H3.1.6a: How much did you pay in total for transportation used to access health-related services or care that did not require an overnight stay in a health facility or at a traditional healer’s dwelling? Hint: How much did transportation used to access health-related services or care that did not require an overnight stay in a health facility or at a traditional healer’s dwelling cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) EXPENDITURES OVER PAST THREE MONTHS (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) Dummy Q. ◯ H4.1 ◯ H4.2 ◯ H4.3 ◯ H4.4 ◯ H4.5 ◯ H4.6 ◯ H4.7 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 150 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ H4.8 ◯ H4.9 ◯ H4.10 ◯ H4.11 ◯ H4.12 ◯ H4.13 ◯ H4.14 ◯ H4.15 ◯ H4.16 ◯ H4.17 ◯ H4.18 ◯ H4.19 ◯ H4.20 ◯ H4.21 ◯ H4.22 ◯ H4.23 ◯ H4.24 ◯ H4.25 ◯ H4.26 ◯ H4.27 ◯ H4.28 ◯ H4.29 ◯ H4.30 ◯ H4.31 ◯ H4.32 ◯ H4.33 ◯ H4.34 ◯ H4.35 ◯ H4.36 ◯ H4.37 ◯ H4.38 ◯ H4.39 Dummy Q. ◯ Infant clothing ◯ Baby nappies/diapers ◯ Boy’s trousers (FOR ALL CLOTHING, EXCLUDE UNIFORMS/SCHOOL CLOTHING) ◯ Boy’s shirts ◯ Boy's jackets ◯ Boy's undergarments ◯ Boy's other clothing (e.g. hats, gloves, belts, etc.) ◯ Men’s trousers ◯ Men's shirts ◯ Men's jackets ◯ Men's undergarments ◯ Men's other clothing (e.g. hats, gloves, belts, Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 151 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) etc. ◯ Girl's blouse/shirt ◯ Girl's dress/skirt ◯ Girl's undergarments ◯ Girl's other clothing (e.g. hats, gloves, belts, trousers, etc.) ◯ Women’s blouse/shirt ◯ Chitenje cloth ◯ Women’s dress/skirt ◯ Women’s undergarments ◯ Women’s other clothing (e.g. hats, gloves, belts, trousers, etc.) ◯ Boys shoes (include shoes, sandals, boots, slippers) ◯ Men’s shoes (include shoes, sandals, boots, slippers) ◯ Girl’s shoes (include shoes, sandals, boots, slippers) ◯ Women’s shoes (include shoes, sandals, boots, slippers) ◯ Cloth, thread, other sewing material ◯ Laundry, dry cleaning, tailoring fees ◯ Bowls, glassware, plates, silverware, etc. ◯ Cooking utensils (cookpots, stirring spoons and whisks, etc.) ◯ Cleaning utensils (brooms, brushes, etc.) ◯ Torch / flashlight ◯ Umbrella ◯ Paraffin lamp (hurricane or pressure) ◯ Stationery items (excluding school related) ◯ Books (excluding school related) ◯ Music or video cassette or CD/DVD ◯ Tickets for sports / entertainment events ◯ House decorations ◯ Night's lodging in rest house or hotel (excluding school or health related) Item Code: ${H4.1_code} H4.1.1: Over the past 3 months, did your household purchase or pay for any of ${item_H4.1}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H4.1.2: How much did you pay for ${item_H4.1}? Hint: How much did the ${item_H4.1} cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 152 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) MODULE H5.1 NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES OVER PAST 12 MONTHS (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) Dummy Q. ◯ H5.1 ◯ H5.2 ◯ H5.3 ◯ H5.4 ◯ H5.5 ◯ H5.6 ◯ H5.7 ◯ H5.8 ◯ H5.9 ◯ H5.10 ◯ H5.11 ◯ H5.12 ◯ H5.13 ◯ H5.14 ◯ H5.15 ◯ H5.16 ◯ H5.17 ◯ H5.18 Dummy Q. ◯ Carpet, rugs, drapes, curtains ◯ Linen - towels, sheets, blankets ◯ Mat - sleeping or for drying maize flour ◯ Mosquito net ◯ Mattress ◯ Sports & hobby equipment, musical instruments, toys ◯ Film, film processing, camera ◯ Cement ◯ Bricks ◯ Iron sheets ◯ Construction timber ◯ Council rates ◯ Insurance - health (MASM, etc.), auto, home, life ◯ Fines or legal fees ◯ Lobola (bride wealth) costs ◯ Marriage ceremony costs ◯ Funeral costs, household members ◯ Funeral costs, non-household members (relatives, neighbors/friends) Item Code: ${H5.1_code} Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 153 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H5.1.1: Over the past one year (twelve months), did your household purchase or pay for any of ${item_H5.1}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H5.1.2: How much did you pay for ${item_H5.1}? Hint: How much did the ${item_H5.1} cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) MODULE H5.2 Health expenditures over the past 12 months (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) Dummy Q. ◯ H5.19 ◯ H5.20 ◯ H5.21 ◯ H5.22 ◯ H5.23 ◯ H5.24 Dummy Q. ◯ Hospitalizations or overnight stay in any hospital – total cost for treatment ◯ Travel to and from the medical facility for any overnight stay(s) or hospitalization ◯ Food costs during overnight stay(s) at the medical facility or hospitalization (if not already included above) ◯ Over-night(s) stay at a traditional healer's or faith healer's dwelling – total costs for treatment ◯ Travel costs to the traditional healer's or faith healer's dwelling for overnight stay(s) ◯ Food costs during overnight stay(s) at the traditional healer's or faith healer's dwelling Item Code: ${H5.2_code} H5.2.1: Over the past one year (twelve months), did your household purchase or pay for any of ${item_H5.2}? Include estimated value of any in-kind payments or borrowed amounts ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H5.2.2: How much did you pay for ${item_H5.2}? Hint: How much did the ${item_H5.2} cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) MODULE H5.3 Educational expenditures over the past 12 months (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 154 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) Dummy Q. ◯ H5.25 ◯ H5.26 ◯ H5.27 ◯ H5.28 ◯ H5.29 ◯ H5.30 ◯ H5.31 ◯ H5.32 Dummy Q. ◯ Tuition, including extra tuition fees ◯ Expenditures on after school programs and tutoring ◯ School books and stationery ◯ School uniform ◯ Boarding fees ◯ Contribution to school building maintenance ◯ Transport to and from school ◯ Parent/Teacher Association and other related fees Item Code: ${H5.3_code} H5.3.1: Over the past one year (twelve months), did your household purchase or pay for any of ${item_H5.3}? Include estimated value of any in-kind payments or borrowed amounts ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H5.3.2: How much did you pay for ${item_H5.3}? Hint: How much did the ${item_H5.3} cost? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) MODULE H5.4 Non-food items that may or may not have been purchased over the past 12 months (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) H5.4.1: Over the past one year (twelve months), did your household purchase or pay for any woodpoles, bamboo? Note that the value of these items should be entered only if they were purchased or used for household use, not for investment purposes. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H5.4.1a: What was the estimated total quantity of the woodpoles, bamboo used? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H5.4.1b: Specify Unit H5.4.2: Did your household gather the woodpoles, bamboo, or did your household purchase or pay for the woodpoles, bamboo? ◯ Gathered ◯ Purchased Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 155 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused H5.4.2a: What was the total estimated value of woodpoles, bamboo that you used? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H5.4.2b: How much did you spend in total onwoodpoles, bamboo? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H5.4.3: Over the past one year (twelve months), did your household purchase or pay for any grass for thatching roof or other use? Note that the value of these items should be entered only if they were purchased or used for household use, not for investment purposes. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H5.4.3a: What was the estimated total quantity of the grass for thatching roof or other use used? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H5.4.3b: Specify Unit H5.4.4: Did your household gather the grass for thatching roof or other use, or did your household purchase or pay for the grass for thatching roof or other use? ◯ Gathered ◯ Purchased ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused H5.4.4a: What was the total estimated value of grass for thatching roof or other use that you used? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H5.4.4b: How much did you spend in total on grass for thatching roof or other use? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H5.4.5: Over the past one year (twelve months), did your household purchase or pay for anything else? Please Specify. Note that the value of these items should be entered only if they were purchased or used for household use, not for investment purposes. ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H5.4.5a: Please Specify: H5.4.5b: What was the estimated total quantity of the ${H5.4.5a} used? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H5.4.4c: Specify Unit IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 156 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) H5.4.6: Did your household gather the ${H5.4.5a}, or did your household purchase or pay for the grass for thatching roof or other use? ◯ Gathered ◯ Purchased ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused H5.4.6a: What was the total estimated value of ${H5.4.5a} that you used? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) H5.4.6b: How much did you spend in total on ${H5.4.5a}? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused Please respond in KWACHA (MK) MODULE H6. HOUSING EXPENDITURES (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) H6.1: Do you own or are purchasing this house, is it provided to you by an employer, do you use it for free, or do you rent this house? ◯ Own ◯ Being purchased ◯ Employer provides ◯ Free ◯ Rented ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused H6.2: If you sold this dwelling today, how much would you receive for it in KWACHA (MK)? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H6.3: How old is this house, in years? Use "0" if the house is less than a one year old. H6.4: If you rented this dwelling out today, how much rent would you receive in KWACHA (MK)? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H6.4a: Indicate in what unit the respondent would rent ◯ Day ◯ Week ◯ Month ◯ Year ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused H6.5: How much do you pay to rent this dwelling in KWACHA (MK)? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H6.5a: Indicate in what unit the respondent would rent ◯ Day ◯ Week ◯ Month Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 157 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Year ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused H6.6: Do you pay a mortgage on this house, that is, a regular payment towards purchasing the house? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H6.7: How often do you make mortgage payments? Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused ◯ Once a month ◯ Once every 3 months ◯ Once every 6 months ◯ Once a year ◯ Other (Specify) ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused H6.7a: Please specify: Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H6.8: How much do you pay each time you make a payment on your mortgage in KWACHA (MK)? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H6.9: In the past one month, how much did you spend on repairs & maintenance to this house in KWACHA (MK)? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused MODULE H7: NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES OVER PAST ONE MONTH (Head of Household or Responsible Adult) Dummy Q. ◯ H7.1 ◯ H7.2 ◯ H7.3 ◯ H7.4 ◯ H7.5 ◯ H7.6 ◯ H7.7 ◯ H7.8 ◯ H7.9 ◯ H7.10 ◯ H7.11 ◯ H7.12 ◯ H7.13 ◯ H7.14 ◯ H7.15 ◯ H7.16 ◯ H7.17 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 158 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ H7.18 ◯ H7.19 ◯ H7.20 ◯ H7.21 ◯ H7.22 ◯ H7.23 ◯ H7.24 ◯ H7.25 ◯ H7.26 ◯ H7.27 ◯ H7.28 ◯ H7.29 ◯ H7.30 ◯ H7.31 ◯ H7.32 ◯ H7.33 ◯ H7.34 ◯ H7.35 ◯ H7.36 Dummy Q. ◯ Bed//table/chair ◯ Fan ◯ Air conditioner ◯ Radio ◯ Tape or CD/DVD player/VCR ◯ Television ◯ Sewing machine ◯ Kerosene/paraffin stove ◯ Electric stove; hot plate ◯ Gas stove ◯ Refrigerator ◯ Washing machine ◯ Bicycle ◯ Boat ◯ Motorcycle/scooter ◯ Car ◯ Mini-bus ◯ Lorry ◯ Beer-brewing drum ◯ Upholstered chair, sofa set ◯ Coffee table (for sitting room) ◯ Cupboard, drawers, bureau ◯ Lantern (paraffin) ◯ Desk ◯ Clock ◯ Iron (for pressing clothes) ◯ Computer equipment & accessories Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 159 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Satellite dish ◯ Solar panel ◯ Generator ◯ Phone/cell phone ◯ Local (indigenous) goats ◯ Exotic (improved breed) goats ◯ Local (indigenous) chickens ◯ Exotic (improved breed) chickens ◯ Pigeons Item Code: ${H7.1_code} H7.1.1: Does your household own any of ${item_H7.1}? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H7.1.2: How many ${item_H7.1} do you own? H7.1.3: What is the age of ${item_H7.1}/s? Age in years. If more than one item, average age Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H7.1.4: If you wanted to sell these ${item_H7.1}/s today, how much would you receive? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused H7.1.5: Did you purchase or pay for any of these ${item_H7.1}/s in the last 12 months? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused H7.1.6: How much did you pay for all these ${item_H7.1}/s all together (in total) in the last 12 months? Indicate in KWACHA (MK) Enter -8 for Don't Know; -9 for Refused MODULE WEAI. WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN AGRICULTURE INDEX Skip WEAI Module for Female-Headed households or if husband away more than 6 months per year. In these cases, select 'No I don not agree to participate' for question L02, following L01: Please select the name of the eligible household member The primary female decision maker identified in Module A is "${A09}" ◯ ${hm1} ◯ ${hm2} ◯ ${hm3} ◯ ${hm4} ◯ ${hm5} ◯ ${hm6} ◯ ${hm7} IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 160 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ ${hm8} ◯ ${hm9} ◯ ${hm10} ◯ ${hm11} ◯ ${hm12} ◯ ${hm13} ◯ ${hm14} ◯ ${hm15} ◯ ${hm16} ◯ ${hm17} ◯ ${hm18} ◯ ${hm19} ◯ ${hm20} ◯ ${hm21} ◯ ${hm22} ◯ ${hm23} ◯ ${hm24} ◯ ${hm25} L02: Does "${L01}" give consent to participate in Module L: Women's empowerment in agriculture index (WEAI)? ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the this module ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in this module ◯ Household Member was not available L02a: What is the marital status of "${L01}"? ◯ Married or living together ◯ Divorced/separated ◯ Widowed ◯ Never married and never lived together ◯ Don't Know ◯ Refused L02b: Is "${L01}" 18 years of the age or older? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L02c: Type of household ◯ Male and Female Adult ◯ Female Adult Only ◯ Male Adult Only ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused L35: Please explain in detail why this section was not completed Module 2: Role in household decision-making around production and income generation L03: Did you (singular) participate in "food crop farming: crops that are grown primarily for household food consumption" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 161 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) L03a: How much input did you have in making decisions about "food crop farming: crops that are grown primarily for household food consumption"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L03b: How much input did you have in decisions on the use of income generated from "food crop farming: crops that are grown primarily for household food consumption"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L04: Did you (singular) participate in "cash crop farming: crops that are grown primary for sale in the market" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L04a: How much input did you have in making decisions about "cash crop farming: crops that are grown primary for sale in the market"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L04b: How much input did you have in decisions on the use of income generated from "cash crop farming: crops that are grown primary for sale in the market"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L05: Did you (singular) participate in "livestock raising" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L05a: How much input did you have in making decisions about "livestock raising"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 162 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) L05b: How much input did you have in decisions on the use of income generated from "livestock raising"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L06: Did you (singular) participate in "non-farm economic activities: Small business, self￾employment, buy-and-sell" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L06a: How much input did you have in making decisions about "non-farm economic activities: Small business, self-employment, buy-and-sell"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L06b: How much input did you have in decisions on the use of income generated from "non-farm economic activities: Small business, self￾employment, buy-and-sell"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L07: Did you (singular) participate in "wage and salary employment: in-kind or monetary work both agriculture and other wage work" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L07a: How much input did you have in making decisions about "wage and salary employment: in￾kind or monetary work both agriculture and other wage work"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L07b: How much input did you have in decisions on the use of income generated from "wage and salary employment: in-kind or monetary work both agriculture and other wage work"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L08: Did you (singular) participate in "fishing or fishpond culture" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes ◯ No Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 163 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L08a: How much input did you have in making decisions about "fishing or fishpond culture"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused L08b: How much input did you have in decisions on the use of income generated from "fishing or fishpond culture"? ◯ No input ◯ Input into very few decisions ◯ Input into some decisions ◯ Input into most decisions ◯ Input into all decisions ◯ No decision made ◯ Refused Module 3: Access to credit L09: Have you taken out a cash loan in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L10: Why not? ◯ Didn’t need ◯ Couldn’t find a loan that met my needs” (i.e. “is appropriate” in terms of size, terms, etc.); ◯ Afraid I couldn’t pay back ◯ No loan providers in my area ◯ Other (specify) ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused L10a: Please specify Lending Sources L11: Has anyone in your household taken any loans or borrowed cash/in-kind from "non-governmental organization (NGO)" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes, cash ◯ Yes, in-kind ◯ Yes, cash and in-kind ◯ No loans taken out or money/in-kind borrowed in the past 12 months ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused L11a: Who made the decision to borrow from "non￾governmental organization (NGO)"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 164 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused L11b: Who makes the decision about what to do with the money/ item borrow from "non￾governmental organization (NGO)"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused L12: Has anyone in your household taken any loans or borrowed cash/in-kind from "informal lender" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes, cash ◯ Yes, in-kind ◯ Yes, cash and in-kind ◯ No loans taken out or money/in-kind borrowed in the past 12 months ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused L12a: Who made the decision to borrow from "informal lender"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 165 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) L12b: Who makes the decision about what to do with the money/ item borrow from "informal lender"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused L13: Has anyone in your household taken any loans or borrowed cash/in-kind from "formal lender (bank/financial institution)" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes, cash ◯ Yes, in-kind ◯ Yes, cash and in-kind ◯ No loans taken out or money/in-kind borrowed in the past 12 months ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused L13a: Who made the decision to borrow from "formal lender (bank/financial institution)"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused L13b: Who makes the decision about what to do with the money/ item borrow from "formal lender (bank/financial institution)"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 166 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused L14: Has anyone in your household taken any loans or borrowed cash/in-kind from "friends or relatives" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes, cash ◯ Yes, in-kind ◯ Yes, cash and in-kind ◯ No loans taken out or money/in-kind borrowed in the past 12 months ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused L14a: Who made the decision to borrow from "friends or relatives"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused L14b: Who makes the decision about what to do with the money/ item borrow from "friends or relatives"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused L15: Has anyone in your household taken any loans or borrowed cash/in-kind from "group based micro￾finance or lending including VSLAs / SACCOs/ merry￾go-rounds" in the past 12 months? ◯ Yes, cash ◯ Yes, in-kind ◯ Yes, cash and in-kind ◯ No loans taken out or money/in-kind borrowed in the past 12 months ◯ Don’t know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 167 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) L15a: Who made the decision to borrow from "group based micro-finance or lending including VSLAs / SACCOs/ merry-go-rounds"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused L15b: Who makes the decision about what to do with the money/ item borrow from "group based micro-finance or lending including VSLAs / SACCOs/ merry-go-rounds"? ◯ Self ◯ Partner/Spouse ◯ Self and partner/spouse jointly ◯ Other household member ◯ Self and other household member(s) ◯ Partner/Spouse and other household member(s) ◯ Someone (or group of people) outside the household ◯ Self and other outside people ◯ Partner/Spouse and other outside people ◯ Self, partner/spouse and other outside people ◯ Refused Module 4: Group Membership L16: Is there an "agricultural / livestock/ fisheries producer’s group (including marketing groups)" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L16a: Are you an active member of this "agricultural / livestock/ fisheries producer’s group (including marketing groups)"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L17: Is there a "Water users’ group" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L17a: Are you an active member of this "Water users’ group"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 168 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) L17b: Does the water user’s group manage communal water for livestock in this village? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L17c: Does the water user’s group manage communal water for irrigation in this village? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L18: Is there a "forest users’ group in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L18a: Are you an active member of this "forest users’ group"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L19: Is there a "credit or microfinance group (including SACCOs/merry-go-rounds/ VSLAs)" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L19a: Are you an active member of this "credit or microfinance group (including SACCOs/merry-go￾rounds/ VSLAs)"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L20: Is there a "savings groups (VSLA, merry-go￾rounds, etc.)" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L20a: Are you an active member of this "savings groups (VSLA, merry-go-rounds, etc.)"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L21: Is there a "mutual help or insurance group (including burial societies)" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L21a: Are you an active member of this "mutual help or insurance group (including burial societies)"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L22: Is there a "trade and business association " in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 169 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) L22a: Are you an active member of this "trade and business association"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L23: Is there a "civic groups (improving community) or charitable group (helping others) " in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L23a: Are you an active member of this "civic groups (improving community) or charitable group (helping others) "? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L24: Is there a "local government" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L24a: Are you an active member of this "local government"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L25: Is there a "religious group (e.g. mother’s union)" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L25a: Are you an active member of this "religious group (e.g. mother’s union)"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L26: Is there a "mother’s group" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L26a: Are you an active member of this "mother’s group"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L27: Is there a "youth group" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L27a: Are you an active member of this "youth group"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 170 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) L28: Is there a "farmers’/cattle rearing cooperative" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L28a: Are you an active member of this "farmers’/cattle rearing cooperative"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L29: Is there a "communal grazing land users’ group" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L29a: Are you an active member of this "communal grazing land users’ group"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L29b: Does the group decide who in the village can use communal grazing land and when they can use it? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L30: Is there a "communal natural resources group (area land committee)" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L30a: Are you an active member of this "communal natural resources group (area land committee)"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L30b: Does the communal natural resources group decide who in the village can gather firewood and how much? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L31: Is there a "disaster planning /response group (resilience action committee)" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L31a: Are you an active member of this "disaster planning /response group (resilience action committee)"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L32: Is there a "peace committee" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 171 Malawi Endline Survey (Pilot) L32a: Are you an active member of this "peace committee"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L33: Is there a "other women’s group (only if it does not fit into one of the other categories)" in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L33a: Are you an active member of this "other women’s group (only if it does not fit into one of the other categories)"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L34: Are there any other membership groups in your community? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused L34a: Please Specify L34b: Are you an active member of this "${L34a}"? ◯ Yes ◯ No ◯ Don't know ◯ Refused End of WEAI Module Female respondent must be 18 years of age or older. Ability to interviewed ${L01} alone: ◯ Alone ◯ With adult females present ◯ With adult males present ◯ With adults mixed sex present ◯ With children present ◯ With adults mixed sex and children present….. End of Survey THANK YOU Interviewer's Observations Outcome of interview ◯ Completed ◯ Incomplete ◯ Absent ◯ Refused ◯ Could not locate Comments about respondent: Comments on specific questions: Any other comments: IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 172 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Anthropometric Survey MALAWI ENDLINE ANTHROPOMETRY Malawi - Anthropometry Survey Begin Module A: Household ID and Informed Consent Head of HH and/or Responsible Adult (Primary Caregiver) with need to provide consent before measurement A01: Region ◯ Eastern Region ◯ Southern Region A02: District ◯ Machinga ◯ Blantyre ◯ Chikwawa ◯ Nsanje ◯ Balaka p_cat=${A01} A03: Traditional Authority Code ◯ STA Nchinguza - 30205 ◯ TA Nkoola - 30207 ◯ TA Chikweo - 30211 ◯ TA Ngokwe - 30212 ◯ TA Kapoloma - 30214 ◯ TA Nyambi - 30215 ◯ TA Msamala-31201 ◯ TA Kalembo - 31202 ◯ STA Kachenga - 31203 ◯ TA Amidu - 31204 ◯ TA Sawali - 31208 ◯ STA Matola - 31209 ◯ TA Ngabu - 31001 ◯ TA Lundu - 31002 ◯ TA Chapananga - 31003 ◯ TA Maseya - 31004 ◯ TA Katunga - 31005 ◯ TA Kasisi - 31006 ◯ TA Makhwira - 31007 ◯ STA Ndakwela - 31008 ◯ TA Mlilima - 31009 ◯ STA Masache - 31010 ◯ TA Ndamera - 31101 ◯ TA Mlolo - 31104 ◯ TA Tengani - 31105 ◯ TA Malemia - 31106 ◯ TA Mbenje - 31107 ◯ TA Ngabu - 31108 ◯ TA Kapeni - 30501 ◯ TA Lundu - 30502 ◯ TA Chigaru - 30503 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 173 Malawi - Anthropometry Survey ◯ TA Kunthembwe - 30504 ◯ TA Makata - 30505 ◯ TA Kuntaja - 30506 ◯ TA Machinjiri - 30507 ◯ TA Somba - 30508 d_cat=${A02} A04: Enumeration area (EA) code ◯ EA-003 ◯ EA-020 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-024 ◯ EA-037 ◯ EA-016 ◯ EA-036 ◯ EA-053 ◯ EA-072 ◯ EA-011 ◯ EA-032 ◯ EA-801 ◯ EA-016 ◯ EA-034 ◯ EA-051 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-026 ◯ EA-042 ◯ EA-057 ◯ EA-005 ◯ EA-027 ◯ EA-048 ◯ EA-073 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-026 ◯ EA-003 ◯ EA-021 ◯ EA-039 ◯ EA-017 ◯ EA-021 ◯ EA-003 ◯ EA-012 ◯ EA-029 ◯ EA-049 ◯ EA-068 ◯ EA-093 ◯ EA-112 ◯ EA-130 ◯ EA-011 ◯ EA-033 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 174 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi - Anthropometry Survey ◯ EA-816 ◯ EA-023 ◯ EA-047 ◯ EA-068 ◯ EA-087 ◯ EA-014 ◯ EA-032 ◯ EA-014 ◯ EA-008 ◯ EA-011 ◯ EA-022 ◯ EA-038 ◯ EA-064 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-007 ◯ EA-013 ◯ EA-008 ◯ EA-025 ◯ EA-010 ◯ EA-034 ◯ EA-051 ◯ EA-006 ◯ EA-024 ◯ EA-012 ◯ EA-012 ◯ EA-029 ◯ EA-009 ◯ EA-016 ◯ EA-033 ◯ EA-048 ◯ EA-068 ◯ EA-802 ◯ EA-008 ◯ EA-001 ◯ EA-029 ◯ EA-050 ◯ EA-015 ◯ EA-040 ◯ EA-004 ◯ EA-003 ◯ EA-026 ◯ EA-043 ◯ EA-066 ◯ EA-081 ◯ EA-016 ◯ EA-006 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 175 Malawi - Anthropometry Survey ◯ EA-029 ◯ EA-052 ◯ EA-077 ◯ EA-803 ta_cat=${A03} A05: Household number (HH) Household Listing ID: This is the HH number from the listing map (sketch map) A05b: Household number (HH) Question A05b is an intentional duplicate question. Enumerator must correctly enter the "Household Number" twice in order to continue with the survey. A06. Anthropometrist Team and Codes ◯ Agnes Chimchere-011 ◯ Dina Kapunula-021 ◯ Ednas Chadzuka-031 ◯ Prudence Pendame-041 ◯ Samantha Mkochi-111 ◯ Zawadi Nkhata-121 ◯ Rose K. Shonga-131 ◯ Noreen Ng’ambi-141 ◯ Nomsa Kanyenda-151 ◯ Joyce Makokola-211 ◯ Memory Chirwa-221 ◯ Triza Mtengeni-311 ◯ Mphatso Kamloza-321 ◯ Brown Chikopa-411 ◯ Pempho Makoka-421 Anthropometry Children Section (children under 5 years of age) ant_1. Please enter the name of the child If there are no eligible children with their primary caregivers, please enter -10 here. In the next screen, DO NOT add another group ant_1a. Please enter the HH member ID number from the Household Roster This number should match the number of the same person that the enumerator interviews. ${ant_1}!=-10 ant_2. Please enter the name of the primary caregiver ${ant_1}!=-10 ant_3. Does ${ant_2} give consent to participate in the survey and allow his/her child to be meaured for height and weight? Before beginning any measurement, consent must be obtained from the primary caregiver of the child to be ${ant_1}!=-10 ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the survey and allow your child to be weighed and measured ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 176 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi - Anthropometry Survey weighed and measured. Consent is necessary before taking any measurements. If the person refuses to participate, respect this decision and do not take any measurement. Always thank the caregiver. the survey and allow your child to be weighed and measured ant_4. Does ${ant_2} have any documents with the birth date of ${ant_1} recorded? ${ant_3}= 1 and ${ant_1}!=-10 ◯ Birth Certificate ◯ Baptismal/Church Record ◯ Health Registration Card ◯ Home Record ◯ Parent Statement ◯ Specify Other: ◯ Does Not Know ◯ Refused ant_4a. Specify Other selected (${ant_4}, "6") Instructions for Birth conversion Table: 1. Use the child's birth year given in question ant_5, to covert child's age into months 2. To use Birth conversion Table go to the appropriate table as labeled on the side of each table “Birth Date”. Example: If the child is born in 2017, use the table with “Birth Date – 2017” on the side. 3. Using the current month, select the appropriate "Study Date" column. Example: If it is April 2019, use the middle column labeled Apr.. 4. Check the child's birth month and cross the appropriate "Study Date" month column with the row of the child's birth month. Example: Today is April 11, 2019 and the child is born on September 27, 2017. Cross the middle column “Apr.” with the row “Sept.” in the table “Birth Date – 2017”. 5. The digit in the cell where the column of the study month and the birth month of the child meet is the child’s age in months. For the example above, the child is 19 months old. 6. Enter this number for question ant_5a. Double check for consistency ant_5. What is the birthdate of ${ant_1}? Please record birthday shown on the documents given by the primary caregiver If ${ant_1}'s records are not available, please ask the primary caregiver what ${ant_1}'s birthday is and record below. Day: Month: Year: ant_5a. What is the age of ${ant_1} in months? Children need to be 59 months or younger, if older please enter -10 and you will be prompted to add another eligible child ("add group") or move on to the Women's section of the Anthropometry Module. ${ant_3}= 1 ant_6. Sex of ${ant_1} ◯ Male ◯ Female Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 177 Malawi - Anthropometry Survey ant_7. Weight of ${ant_1} in Kilograms For weight measurements, be sure to include TWO numbers after the decimal point (eg, XX.XX) If ${ant_1} was unable to be measured please enter "-9" for measurement ant_8. Height of ${ant_1} in Centimeters For height measurements, be sure to include ONE number after the decimal point (e.g., XX.X) If ${ant_1} was unable to be measured please enter "-9" for measurement ant_9. How was ${ant_1} measured? ${ant_8}!=-9 ◯ Standing up ◯ Laying down ant_10. Results of Measurement Process for ${ant_1} ◯ Measured ◯ Not measured ◯ Refused to answer ◯ Specify other ant_10a. Specify Other selected (${ant_10}, "4") ant_11. Comments on measurement procedure Please explain if ${ant_1} was unable to be measured or include any additional comment that is important. ant_12. Does ${ant_1} have EDEMA? ◯ Yes, this child has edema ◯ No, this child DOES NOT have edema ant_12a. Does the supervisor confirm that ${ant_1} has edema? ${ant_12}=1 ◯ Yes, this child has edema ◯ No, this child DOES NOT have edema ant_13. Why has this section not being completed? ${ant_1}=-10 ant_14. Why was ${ant_2} unable to complete the survey ${ant_3}=2 All Children must be under the age of 5 years old (59 months or younger) If there is more than one eligible child with their primary caregiver, please add additional respondents by clicking on "add group." ${ant_1}!=-10 Anthropometry Women's Section: Selected Women's (15-49 years of age) Information. Responsible female adult will need to provide consent before measurements SW_1. Name of eligible woman to be measured Only include women between the 15-49 years of age, women who are not pregnant, women who have not given birth in IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 178 Annex I: Data Collection Instruments Malawi - Anthropometry Survey the last two MONTHS If there are no eligible women available, please enter -10 here. SW_1a. Please enter the HH member ID number from the Household Roster. This number should match the number of the same person that the enumerator interviews. ${SW_1}!=-10 SW_2. Does ${SW_1} give consent to participate in the survey and allow herself to be weighted and measured? Before beginning any measurement, consent must be obtained from the eligible female to be weighed and measured, before taking any measurements. If the person refuses to participate, respect this decision and do not take any measurement. Always thank the respondent. ${SW_1}!=-10 ◯ Yes, I agree to participate in the survey and allow myself to be weighed and measured ◯ No, I do not agree to participate in the survey and allow myself to be weighed and measured SW_3. Is ${SW_1} currently pregnant All women must be NON-PREGNANT ${SW_2}= 1 ◯ Yes, I am pregnant ◯ No, I am NOT pregnant ◯ Does not know ◯ Refused to answer SW_4. How old is ${SW_1} (in YEARS) Eligible women need to be between 15 and 49 years of age, if older or younger please enter -10 and you will be prompted to add any other eligible woman. ${SW_3}!=1 and ${SW_2}= 1 SW_6. Weight in Kilograms of ${SW_1} For weight measurements, be sure to include two numbers after the decimal point (e.g., XX.XX) If ${SW_1} was unable to be measured please enter "-8" for measurement If ${SW_1} decides to refuse to be meassured enter "-9" for question SW_7 SW_7. Height of in Centimeters of ${SW_1} For height measurements, be sure to include ONE number after the decimal point (e.g., XX.X) If ${SW_1} was unable to be measured please enter "-8" for measurement SW_8. Results of Measurement Process for ${SW_1} ◯ Measured ◯ Not measured ◯ Refused to answer ◯ Specify other SW_8a. Specify Other selected (${SW_8}, "3") SW_9. Comments on measurement procedure Please explain if ${SW_1} was unable to be measured. SW_10. Why has this section not being completed? ${SW_1}=-10 SW_11. Why was ${SW_1} unable to complete the survey ${SW_2}= 2 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex I: Data Collection Instruments 179 Malawi - Anthropometry Survey Please inquire if there are any other eligible women in the HH. If yes, "add group" in the next screen. If there are no more eligible women to be measured, select "do not add" group in the next screen. Please be sure that women are not pregnant and are aged between 15 and 49 years old. ${SW_1}!=-10 End of Survey! THANK YOU! Please continue to Interviewer's Observations Comments about interviews: To be done after Interview Comments on specific questions: To be done after Interview Any other comments: To be done after Interview IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 180 Annex J: Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest ANNEX J: DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST All core evaluation team members completed and signed the form below. No conflicts of interest were noted. The completed forms are available from TANGO upon request. Conflicts of Interest Disclosure Form Name Title Organization Evaluation Position? __ Team Leader __ Team member Evaluation Award Number (contract or other instrument) USAID Project(s) Evaluated (Include project name(s), implementer name(s) and award number(s), if applicable) I have real or potential conflicts of interest to disclose. __ Yes __ No If yes answered above, I disclose the following facts: Real or potential conflicts of interest may include, but are not limited to: 1. Close family member who is an employee of the USAID operating unit managing the project(s) being evaluated or the implementing organization(s) whose project(s) are being evaluated. 2. Financial interest that is direct, or is significant though indirect, in the implementing organization(s) whose projects are being evaluated or in the outcome of the evaluation. 3. Current or previous direct or significant though indirect experience with the project(s) being evaluated, including involvement in the project Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex J: Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest 181 Conflicts of Interest Disclosure Form design or previous iterations of the project. 4. Current or previous work experience or seeking employment with the USAID operating unit managing the evaluation or the implementing organization(s) whose project(s) are being evaluated. 5. Current or previous work experience with an organization that may be seen as an industry competitor with the implementing organization(s) whose project(s) are being evaluated. 6. Preconceived ideas toward individuals, groups, organizations, or objectives of the particular projects and organizations being evaluated that could bias the evaluation. I certify (1) that I have completed this disclosure form fully and to the best of my ability and (2) that I will update this disclosure form promptly if relevant circumstances change. If I gain access to proprietary information of other companies, then I agree to protect their information from unauthorized use or disclosure for as long as it remains proprietary and refrain from using the information for any purpose other than that for which it was furnished. Signature Date IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 182 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data ANNEX K: ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS OF PBS DATA Contents Acronyms......................................................................................................................................... 184 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 185 A Note on Analysis of Impacts of Project Participation using FFP Surveys........................................185 2. Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 186 Population-Based Survey Design........................................................................................................ 186 Conceptual Model ...................................................................................................................... 188 Comparing Participants to Non-Participants at Endline using Bivariate Analysis......................189 Computing a Proxy for Baseline Participation............................................................................ 189 Measuring Shock Exposure ........................................................................................................ 190 The Relationship between Farmers’ Adoption of Agricultural Practices and Well-Being Outcomes................................................................................................................................... 192 3. Findings ....................................................................................................................................... 194 3.1 Comparisons of Participants to Non-Participants at Endline .......................................................194 WASH Indicators......................................................................................................................... 194 Agricultural Indicators................................................................................................................ 195 Women’s Health and Nutrition Indicators................................................................................. 195 Food Security Outcomes ............................................................................................................ 195 Per-Capita Daily Expenditures.................................................................................................... 196 3.2 Relationships between Farmers’ Food Security and Agricultural Program Participation............196 Per-Capita Daily Expenditures.................................................................................................... 197 Moderate to Severe Hunger....................................................................................................... 200 HDDS........................................................................................................................................... 203 Detailed Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 208 4. Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 209 Appendix A: Comparison of Indicators by Participation Status and Baseline/Endline, UBALE ........... 211 Appendix B: Comparison of FFP Agricultural Indicators and Component Practices, by Participation Status at Endline, UBALE.................................................................................................................. 216 Appendix C: Results from Regressions Estimating Relationships between Project Indicator Variables and Well-Being Outcomes, UBALE.................................................................................................... 218 Appendix D: Results from Regression Equations Estimating the Relationship between Value Chain Practices and Well-Being Outcomes, UBALE..................................................................................... 221 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 183 List of Tables Table 1: Information used to compute sample size.................................................................................. 187 Table 2. Self-reported shock exposure, UBALE endline............................................................................ 192 Table 3. Counts of practices by indicator, at endline................................................................................ 196 Table 4. UBALE-project-promoted practices and per-capita daily expenditures, summary results.........197 Table 5: UBALE project promoted activities and moderate to severe household hunger, summary results .................................................................................................................................................................. 201 Table 6: UBALE project activities and HDDS, summary results ................................................................204 Table 7. Relationship between value chain practices and well-being outcomes.....................................209 Table 8: Comparison of indicators by participation – status and baseline/endline, UBALE.....................211 Table 9: Comparison of FFP agricultural indicators and component practices by participation status at endline, UBALE.......................................................................................................................................... 216 Table 10. Results from regression equations estimating the relationship between project indicator variables and per-capita daily expenditures, UBALE ................................................................................ 218 Table 11. Results from regression equations estimating the relationship between indicator variables and the probability of moderate to severe hunger, UBALE............................................................................. 219 Table 12. Results from regression equations estimating the relationship between indicator variables and HDDS, UBALE............................................................................................................................................. 220 Table 13. Results from regression equations estimating the relationship between value chain practices and well-being outcomes.......................................................................................................................... 221 List of Figures Figure 1: SPI in the UBALE project area, August 2012 to July 2019..........................................................191 Figure 2. Relationship between number of adopted value chain practices and per-capita daily expenditures, by exposure to drought and crop disease/pests, UBALE endline......................................198 Figure 3. Relationship between use of livestock practices and per-capita daily expenditures, by exposure to drought and crop disease/pests, UBALE endline ................................................................................. 199 Figure 4. Relationship between use of sustainable agricultural practices and per-capita daily expenditures, by exposure to drought and crop disease, UBALE endline................................................200 Figure 5. Relationship between use of value chain practices and moderate to severe household hunger, by exposure to drought and crop disease/pests, UBALE endline.............................................................202 Figure 6. Relationship between use of NRM practices and moderate to severe household hunger, by exposure to drought and crop disease/pests, UBALE endline.................................................................. 203 Figure 7. Relationship between use of improved storage and HDDS, by drought and crop disease/pests, UBALE endline........................................................................................................................................... 205 Figure 8. Relationship between use of value chain activities and HDDS, drought vs no drought, UBALE endline ...................................................................................................................................................... 206 Figure 9. Relationship between use of livestock practices and HDDS, drought vs no drought, UBALE endline ...................................................................................................................................................... 207 Figure 10. Relationship between use of sustainable agriculture practices and HDDS, drought vs no drought, UBALE endline............................................................................................................................ 208 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 184 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Acronyms AFDM Africa Flood and Drought Monitoring (System) CU2 children under two years CU5 children under five years DFAP Development Food Assistance Project EA enumeration area FFA Food for Assets FFP Food for Peace GVH Group Village Head HDDS Household Dietary Diversity Score HH Household MCHN Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition NRM Natural Resource Management OLS ordinary least squares PBS population-based survey PPP purchasing power parity PPS probability-proportional-to-size SPI Standardized Precipitation Index TANGO Technical Assistance to Non-Governmental Organizations UBALE United in Building and Advancing Life Expectations UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development USD United States dollar WASH water, sanitation, and hygiene Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 185 1. Introduction This report is a supplement to the Final Performance Evaluation of the Food for Peace UBALE Development Food Assistance Project (DFAP) in Malawi.1 The main purpose of this report is to provide implementing partners and USAID/Malawi with additional information about performance indicators. The final performance evaluation showed no change from baseline to endline in moderate to severe hunger or per-capita expenditures, a decrease in household dietary diversity scores (HDDS), and lower scores on nearly all agricultural indicators and most children’s and gender indicators. Since the final evaluation combines both UBALE participants and non-participants, there was concern that the aggregation was masking findings directly related to programming. An additional concern was that long￾term exposure to drought and other shocks neutralized programming gains. This analysis compares endline estimates of indicator values for households participating in UBALE to non-participant households. The purposes of the analysis are: (1) to better understand baseline-endline changes in indicator values, especially where the population-based survey (PBS) showed indicator values unchanged or worsened from baseline to endline, and relationships among indicators; (2) to empirically estimate how shock exposure affected indicators; and (3) by extending the analysis to value chain practices and technologies that comprise indicators, describe which value chain practices are associated with improvements in well-being outcomes. Specifically, this analysis applies bivariate and multivariate analysis methods to endline survey data to compare participant to non-participant households at endline. This report seeks to explain the main methodological issues and to highlight significant findings from the analyses that are possible given the PBS design. It provides insight into baseline-endline comparisons, especially findings regarding food security and the use of agricultural practices. This analysis is exploratory in nature and does not determine causality. Additionally, findings that are not statistically significant say only that the results failed to show that differences met the standard of p-value of <0.1. This is important in the analysis of program activities and is a subtle but important difference from saying that a program or type of programming had no effect, as it is possible that with a larger sample, results would be statistically significant. A Note on Analysis of Impacts of Project Participation using FFP Surveys It is necessary to emphasize that FFP baseline and endline surveys are population-based, with the objective to track the changes of project indicators over time of the entire population within project implementation areas. They are not designed to measure the changes in outcome and impact indicators that can be directly attributed to project interventions. The population-based and independent sampling design impose several important limitations on analysis to measure the impacts of project interventions: • There is no way to distinguish between eventual “treatment” (participant) and “control” households using the UBALE baseline survey data. For this reason, it is impossible to make comparisons between treatment and control groups prior to treatment: difference-in-difference 1 TANGO International. 2020. Final Performance Evaluation of the Food for Peace UBALE Development Food Assistance Project in Malawi. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 186 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data analysis is not possible. It is also generally not feasible to assume that the average characteristics of treatment and control households are identical prior to project interventions. Most projects explicitly target interventions to more-vulnerable households, or other specific groups within their project implementation areas, so there is expected to be selection bias between the treatment and control groups. In other words, treatment and control groups are likely to be different even at the time of the baseline, so it is not possible to infer that measured differences between project beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries at the endline round can be attributed to solely to project interventions. • Project beneficiaries typically participate in several different types of project interventions, so there is no single “treatment,” but rather a range of types and levels of treatment that different beneficiaries receive through project participation. Counting all project beneficiaries within a single treatment group would impede the ability to accurately measure the effects of these different combinations and intensities of treatments. • Endline surveys are not stratified to capture a statistically adequate number of both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries for certain types of comparisons, particularly direct (bivariate) comparisons of results between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries: there may not be a sufficiently large sample of either the beneficiary or non-beneficiary group to determine whether differences are statistically significant. All these limitations to analyzing the impacts of project participation based on independently sampled population-based surveys must be considered when interpreting the results from the analyses presented in this report. Because they are not designed for this type of analysis, FFP endline studies do not include it. This additional analysis for the UBALE final evaluation was conducted at the request of Food for Peace. 2. Methods Population-Based Survey Design United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Food for Peace (FFP) quantitative performance evaluations use a PBS, where the sample is drawn from the general population in a DFAP implementation area. Households are randomly selected; as such, sampling does not target those who directly participate in DFAP activities. The statistically representative sample was selected using a multi-stage clustered sampling approach. The sampling frame for the endline study was constructed from the 2018 Population and Housing Census enumeration areas (EAs). The Malawi National Statistics Office provided TANGO with a list of Traditional Authorities (TA) and EAs located in the UBALE project implementation area; TANGO used these TAs and EAs as the endline sampling frame. In the first stage of sampling, EAs were drawn with a probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) methodology; in the second sampling stage, households were selected randomly from all households existing in the respective EAs sampled. Stunting in children under five years of age (CU5), one of several key measures of food insecurity, was used to compute sample size in the baseline and endline surveys. Sample size is the minimum number of households necessary to detect whether stunting decreased to the project target rate of 29.7 percent (baseline value: 37.7 percent), a reduction of 8.0 percentage points. As shown in Table 1, the total target sample size was 1,260. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 187 Table 1: Information used to compute sample size Percentage of stunting at baseline (actual) 37.7 Expected percentage of stunting at endline 29.7 Design effect at baseline (actual) 2.1 Percentage of CU5 of the total population at baseline (actual) 15.4 Household size at baseline (actual) 4.8 Minimum required sample size (# CU5; computed) 594 Minimum required sample size adjusted for the number of CU5 per household (# HH; computed) 1,033 Non-response rate (estimated) 20% Final target sample size (# HH) (computed) 1,260 The minimum required sample sizes for the baseline survey (2,400) and endline survey (1,260) were computed to provide estimates of key project indicators (stunting in particular) with similar levels of statistical precision over the two surveys. However, the minimum required sample size for the endline sample was computed to be smaller than what was estimated for the baseline, because at the time of the baseline, there was less available information about characteristics of project populations, so conservative estimates of key parameters were adopted, following FFP guidance.2 At the time of the endline, more accurate estimates of key parameters were available from the baseline results. In particular, the formula used for the baseline to estimate the number of households to achieve a sufficient number of CU5 resulted in a much larger number of children being surveyed than was required for statistical purposes. One reason that the required sample of households to be interviewed in the endline was adjusted downward was therefore to reduce the unnecessary oversampling of CU5. A second reason was that the actual stunting rate in the endline was lower than what was assumed in the baseline sample size calculation. 3 In sum, adjustments to the minimum required sample of endline households were made for two reasons: a much larger proportion of CU5 per household in the population than expected and a lower rate of stunting than initially estimated. These adjustments led to a smaller sample of households required to attain stunting rate estimates with the desired level of statistical precision. The final endline sample yielded 1186 completed surveys. Multivariate equations in this analysis use a subset of the endline comprising 960 farmer households. Farmer households are defined as households having access to land or livestock and one or more members who provided data for Module G of the survey. Note: FFP quantitative performance evaluations use a PBS sampling design in which the sample is drawn from the general population in a DFAP implementation area. Accordingly, beneficiaries who directly participate in DFAP activities are not specifically targeted in the quantitative survey; rather, the sample is designed to be statistically representative of the entire population within the project implementation area, which includes DFAP participants and non-participants. 2 As described in Appendix A of the Feed the Future Population-Based Survey (PBS) Sampling Guide 3 In UBALE, the design effect was not a factor in the smaller endline sample size. The design effect computed from the baseline sample was 2.1, close to the assumed value of 2.0 used in the baseline calculations. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 188 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data It is important to note that the baseline and endline surveys are independent population-based samples, and there may be systematic, non-random differences between participants and non-participants. As a result, observed differences between participant and non-participant groups, whether positive or negative, cannot be directly attributed to DFAP activities: the PBS is not designed to allow comparisons between participants and non-participants. In the case of the UBALE survey, 38.0 percent of sampled households self-identified as directly participating in any project activity. However, experience from past FFP surveys suggests that self-reporting of participation may not be accurate, which weakens the validity of any comparison of outcomes. Participation is self-reported by respondents, and there are several reasons to suspect that responses may not always be accurate. One reason is that the interview respondent may not be the member of the household who participated in project activities and may not be aware of the participation of other household members. Also, respondents may report participation in an activity but may not be clear whether this activity was supported by the DFAP or a different project or agency. Finally, the respondent may simply mis-remember their own participation or that of other household members in project activities. These inaccuracies will lead to misplacement of households into either participant or non-participant categories, thereby compromising the accuracy of the analytical results. The analysis has sought to present more accurate information about project participants by consulting project performance monitoring data. Conceptual Model The conceptual model guiding this analysis starts with the premise that UBALE programming targeted poorer farmers and the associated assumption that at baseline those farmer participants had lower scores than non-participants on food security and expenditure indicators. The model posits a pathway from UBALE program participation to the adoption of agricultural practices to improved well-being outcomes, with shock exposure affecting practices and outcomes. Baseline-endline results showing no statistically significant change in household hunger or per-capita daily expenditures and worsening HDDS at endline can be understood in the context of this pathway. If more participants than non-participants used sustainable agriculture practices, and estimation equations show that practices are associated with improved outcomes, then we would have modest support for the hypothesis that participation improved outcomes for participants, bringing them up to the level of non-participants at endline. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 189 Comparing Participants to Non-Participants at Endline using Bivariate Analysis Bivariate analysis techniques were applied to compare participants and non-participants at endline. In summary, this found the following: • Participant indicator values were higher than non-participant values at a significance level of p<0.1 for six of 32 indicators:4 two WASH indicators, three agricultural indicators, contraceptive use among women, as well as one gender indicator.5, 6 • Non-participant values were higher than participants on one indicator: children under 5 years (CU5) consuming foods made from bio-fortified beans. • There were no statistically significant differences between participants and non-participants in the remaining indicators, including food security and expenditure outcome indicators. Three research questions related to expenditures and food security emerged from these findings and guided the multivariate analysis: 1) Does the overall lack of statistically significant differences between participants and non-participants at endline indicate relative improvement for participant households? 2) Do the statistically significant improvements shown in the three agricultural indicators translate to better food security? 3) How does shock exposure affect these relationships? An additional research question is: 4) How do the practices that comprise each indicator contribute to well-being outcomes? Computing a Proxy for Baseline Participation A data constraint to the analysis was the lack of beneficiary designation at baseline. Because UBALE targeted poorer farmers, it is expected that participant farmer households would have started at baseline with lower food security and expenditures. The goal of the analysis was to estimate baseline levels for participants and non-participants, and then to test whether no differences at endline between participant and non-participant farmer households indicated a relative improvement for targeted farmer households. Measuring and testing for baseline differences between well-being outcomes of participants and non-participants required developing a way to indirectly identify households in the baseline dataset that would have been part of UBALE programming if it had been in place. The goal was to find an empirical approach to simulate treatment and comparison groups in the baseline because the baseline data were not explicitly stratified into these two groups. This required identifying a proxy variable for program participation to include with baseline data. A similar analysis 4 There were insufficient observations to compare the prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding of children under six months of age among participants to non-participants. 5 Percentage of women in union with children under two who make maternal health and nutrition decisions jointly with spouse/partner 6 Statistically significant differences were found for a small number of indicators at the level of gender disaggregation, e.g., significant changes among females but not males. The indicators listed here refer to aggregate-level data. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 190 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data for the Njira program area used multiple methods to do this but none were successful.7 The UBALE analysis has the same limitations. Measuring Shock Exposure Shock exposure was measured using survey data and data from the Africa Flood and Drought Monitoring (AFDM) system. The AFDM is a real-time drought monitoring and seasonal forecast system for sub-Saharan Africa developed through a collaboration of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Hydrological Programme. AFDM provides monthly estimates of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on satellite data. The SPI is measured in deviations from the norm (zero). Index values less than zero indicate drier-than-normal conditions; deviations greater than zero indicate more rain than normal. For this analysis, monthly AFDM SPI data were matched to the survey by Traditional Authority (TA). Figure 1 provides a picture of drought conditions in the UBALE starting three years prior to the baseline survey (August 2012) and ending just prior to the endline survey (July/August 2019). The horizontal zero line in the figure represents normal rainfall. The blue bars above zero indicate months that were rainier than the norm, and gray bars represent months that were drier than normal. Survey dates are denoted with dotted lines (August 2012 and July/August 2019). The rainy season (mid￾October to April) is noted on the x-axis. The figure allows visual comparison of drought conditions relative to baseline and endline surveys. Droughts in 2015/16 and 2017/18 are evident in the figure, where there are several months of negative deviations from the norm. In order to examine the effects of long-term exposure to shocks on endline food security, this analysis computed a variable equal to the mean SPI over several time intervals prior to (the endline survey) to test its relationship to food security outcomes. A one-year interval from August 2017 to July 2018 measured exposure to the most recent drought. Another interval from August 2018 to July 2019 tested drought exposure over the past twelve months. A two-year interval combined both to create a measure of longer-term exposure. Results were not as expected. In equations estimating moderate to severe hunger, higher positive deviations (i.e., more rain) over the past years were associated with increases in household hunger. The variable was insignificant in equations estimating HDDS and per-capital daily expenditures. The results are probably because SPI was measured at TA level. The variable also includes other factors that affect well-being outcomes, such as infrastructure and access to markets and services. For equations using SPI from August 2018 to July 2019, the association between increased hunger and higher SPI may show effects of Cyclone Idai in March 2019, which caused flooding and destroyed crops. 7 Those processes are documented in the Njira endline evaluation report. TANGO International. 2019. Final Performance Evaluation of the Food for Peace Njira Development Food Assistance Project in Malawi. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 191 Figure 1: SPI in the UBALE project area, August 2012 to July 2019 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 192 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data The estimation equations in this analysis used self-reported exposure to drought and crop disease or pests from the endline survey. Initial analysis included a variable measuring self-reported exposure to floods, but that variable was insignificant in equations estimating per capita daily expenditures, HDDS, and moderate to severe hunger, so was not included in the analysis. SPI was used to validate self￾reported drought; the analysis found that households reporting drought exposure had significantly lower SPI, indicating that the self-reporting was consistent with satellite data on drought. Table 2 shows the percentage of farmer households reporting exposure to drought and to crop disease or crop pests at endline.8 Of the 960 farmer households sampled, 42.8 percent reported exposure to one or both shocks, as follows: 10.4 percent reported that they had been exposed to both drought and crop disease or crop pests, 13.8 percent reported exposure to drought but not crop disease or crop pests, and 18.6 percent reported exposure to crop disease or crop pests but not to drought. More than half (57.2 percent) reported that they were not exposed to either shock. The analyses in Section 3.2 will explore the effect of shock exposure on well-being outcomes. Table 2. Self-reported shock exposure, UBALE endline Crop disease or crop pests Yes No Total Drought Yes 10.4 13.8 24.2 No 18.6 57.2 75.8 Total 29.0 71.0 100.0 The Relationship between Farmers’ Adoption of Agricultural Practices and Well￾Being Outcomes Multi-variate estimation equations are based on the conceptual model described earlier. While the analysis of a single round of survey data does not allow for determinations of causality, the recall period for the survey questions used to compute the variables imposes some temporal structure on the data. Recall for outcomes, which are the dependent variables in the equations, is 30 days or less, and recall for agricultural practices and shocks, which are the explanatory variables, is 12 months. This allows for a weak assumption that agricultural practices and shocks, because they took place before the outcomes were measured, might have influenced those outcomes. The dataset includes all farmers in the PBS who completed Module G: Agriculture, both participants and non-participants. The results apply to practices promoted by the project but extend to all households engaging in the practices, whether or not they participated directly in the project. The equations estimate per-capita daily expenditures and two food security outcomes: 1) an ordinary least squares (OLS) equation for per-capital daily expenditures reported in 2010 USD based on 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP), using the log-value; 8 Data on crop disease and crop pests are undifferentiated because they were gathered using a single survey question: Did you experience crop disease or crop pests during the last 12 months? Given the context, it is likely that affirmative responses to the question refer to fall armyworm. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 193 2) a logit equation for moderate to severe hunger, which is computed from the household hunger scale9 ; and 3) an OLS equation for Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS).10 The explanatory variables mirror the FFP agricultural indicators.11 These variables include the following measures of farmer households’12 adoption of practices and use of services: • count of financial services (maximum possible = 3); • count of improved storage practices (maximum possible = 5); • count13 of value chain activities (maximum possible = 13); • count of sustainable crop practices (maximum possible = 20); • count of sustainable Natural Resource Management (NRM) practices (maximum possible = 3); • count of sustainable livestock practices (maximum possible = 13); and An additional equation includes the combination of sustainable agriculture practices (up to 36 NRM, crop and livestock). Drought exposure and crop disease in the 12 months prior to the endline (both coded 0 and 1) are included in all equations. The equations include the following control variables: • household demographics (household size, gendered household type, percentage of adults in the household with more than a primary level of education); • agricultural and livestock assets (measured as a count of different types of crops and livestock); and • geographic district. Endline household and farmer datasets were combined by collapsing farmer data. They provide sample sizes of 963 for the expenditure equations, 959 for the hunger equations, and 901 for the HDDS equations. 9 Ballard, Terri, Jennifer Coates, Anne Swindale and Megan Deitchler. 2011. Household Hunger Scale: Indicator Definition and Measurement Guide. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project, FHI 360. https://www.fantaproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/HHS-Indicator-Guide-Aug2011.pdf 10 Swindale, Anne and Paula Bilinsky. 2006. Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide (v.2). Washington, D.C.: FHI 360/FANTA. https://www.fantaproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/HDDS_v2_Sep06_0.pdf 11 Variables measuring adoption of practices and use of services were all together in one equation because, unlike a similar analysis for the Njira project, sample size was sufficient to minimize correlation among explanatory variables. The exception is a separate equation with the explanatory variable measuring sustainable agriculture practices, which includes NRM, crop practices and livestock practices. Sustainable agriculture practices is a linear combination of other variables, which means it is perfectly correlated with other variables in the equation. 12 The equations include households with farmers who have access to land or livestock. Non-farming households are excluded. 13 The multivariate equations use counts instead of the indicator categories to increase variability. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 194 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Equations are of the form: 𝒀𝒀𝒊𝒊 = 𝜶𝜶 + 𝑩𝑩𝟏𝟏𝑷𝑷𝒊𝒊 + 𝑩𝑩𝟐𝟐𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝒊𝒊 + 𝑩𝑩𝟑𝟑𝑿𝑿𝒊𝒊 + 𝝐𝝐𝒊𝒊 where: • Y is a well-being outcome (per-capita daily expenditures, the probability of moderate or severe hunger, or HDDS); • B is estimated by the equation and equals the effect of each variable on the outcome, controlling for other variables in the equation; • P is the list of agricultural practices; • SE is self-reported exposure to drought and to crop disease or pests, in the 12 months prior to the survey; and • X is the vector of control variables. • A detailed analysis was done, similar to the one above, of the relationship between farmers’ adoption of individual value-chain and well-being outcomes, substituting dummy variables for each practice used by at least 5 percent of farmer households. This analysis also estimated three equations, one for each of the outcomes. 3. Findings This section begins with descriptive statistics from endline survey data comparing project indicator results for participants and non-participants. The section then discusses indicators where participant values were higher than for non-participants, focusing on results that are statistically significant at p<0.1 or lower. As noted above, measured differences between participants and non-participants at endline cannot be inferred to have resulted from project interventions. Results from the multivariate analysis follow, describing how agricultural indicators are associated with well-being outcomes. The final part of this section describes whether farmers’ use of specific practices is associated with increased per-capita daily expenditures and improved food security. 3.1 Comparisons of Participants to Non-Participants at Endline Descriptive statistics comparing participants to non-participants at endline and overall baseline-endline comparisons are presented in Appendix A. For most indicators, there were no statistically significant differences between participants and non-participants. However, participants were higher than non￾participants on two WASH indicators, three agricultural indicators, and women’s use of contraception. Disaggregating the data by gender shows that for the three agricultural indicators, the statistically significant increase for participants at the aggregate level is due to statistically significant differences between female participants and female non-participants. These findings provide evidence to support UBALE program success in targeting poor female farmers. (Note that significance tests compared participants to non-participants – not males to females.) WASH Indicators As noted, the analysis shows statistically significant findings for only two WASH indicators: • A higher percentage of participant (35.7 percent) than non-participant households (25.0 percent) practiced the correct use of recommended household water treatment technologies at Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 195 endline. Overall (i.e., among participants and non-participants combined), the percentage increased from 8.0 percent at baseline to 28.7 percent at endline. • At endline, 44.7 percent of participants used improved sanitation facilities, compared to 33.0 percent of non-participant households. In the overall sample, there was no significant change from baseline to endline for this indicator. Agricultural Indicators Overall, farmers had lower (worse) scores on six of the seven agricultural indicators at endline relative to baseline (for one indicator,14 the change was not statistically significant). Disaggregation by participation status shows that at endline, farmer participants (males and females combined) had higher values than non-participants for three of the agriculture indicators, as follows: • A higher percentage of farmer participants than non-participants reported using financial services (33.8 percent compared to 27.3 percent) at endline. This is consistent with UBALE’s strong support to Savings and Internal Lending Community groups. Among female farmers, the difference was more pronounced: 35.7 of female participants compared to 25.6 percent of female non-participants used financial services. In the overall sample, the indicator decreased (worsened) from 34.3 percent at baseline to 29.8 percent at endline. • UBALE promoted a large number of improved agriculture practices. The percentage of participant farmers who used at least three sustainable agriculture (crop, livestock, NRM) practices and/or technologies was higher than non-participant farmers (35.8 percent compared to 28.6 percent). For female farmers, again the values were higher: 36.1 percent of female participants versus 24.3 percent of female non-participants. • The percentage of participant farmers who used at least two NRM practices was higher than non-participant farmers 18.4 percent and 11.0 percent, respectively. For female farmers, the respective values were 17.5 percent and 9.8 percent. Use of NRM practices was also higher for participants than non-participants among male farmers (19.2 compared to 12.2). Women’s Health and Nutrition Indicators Women participants had higher prevalence of contraceptive use than non-participants (88.9 compared to 78.7. Overall, contraceptive use increased from baseline to endline, from 75.6 percent to 83.0 percent. Food Security Outcomes Based on the endline PBS data and baseline estimates from the FFP Outcome Monitoring survey, there were no statistically significant differences in moderate to severe hunger or HDDS between participants and non-participants. Overall, there was a significant decrease from baseline to endline in HDDS, from 3.9 to 3.4. 14 Percentage of farmers who used at least two sustainable livestock practices and/or technologies in past 12 months IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 196 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Per-Capita Daily Expenditures Per-capita daily expenditures are reported in 2010 USD, using the 2011 PPP. The indicator was computed following USAID methods 2015.15 There were no statistically significant differences in per￾capita daily expenditures between baseline and endline, nor between participants and non-participants at endline. 3.2 Relationships between Farmers’ Food Security and Agricultural Program Participation In response to the second research question, this section describes findings from equations estimating relationships between well-being outcomes and agricultural indicators. This is an exploratory analysis to examine the relationship between farmer households’ food security and use of project-promoted agricultural practices. The analysis focuses on farmer households and includes all farmers identified in the PBS.16 Households with no farmers are not part of the analysis. The analysis uses variables that are computed as counts of activities in order to use more information from the survey and to allow testing of hypotheses related to project layering. Table 3 shows the indicator variables used in the estimation equations. It shows the mean values for each indicator at endline and the number of practices that comprise the indicator. The data indicate that mean values are low compared to the possible maximum. Appendix C shows the indicators’ component practices and for each, compares the percentage of participant farmer households to non-participants reporting that they used the practice at endline. Table 3. Counts of practices by indicator, at endline Indicator Mean Component practices Financial services 0.3 3 Improved storage 0.2 5 Value chain 0.9 13 NRM 0.5 3 Crop practices 3.2 20 Sustainable agriculture practices 4.1 36 Livestock practices 1.1 13 15 USAID. 2015. FFP Indicators Handbook Part I: Indicators for Baseline and Final Evaluation Surveys. April 2015. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA III). https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/Part%20I_Baseline%20and%20Final%20Evaluation_04 .13.2015.pdf 16 While the use of the sustainable practices was found to be higher among participants than non-participants, it is important to keep in mind that this analysis cannot ascertain causality. Participants may or may not have adopted the practices because of UBALE programming. Non-participants engaging in the target practices may have already been engaging in these practices, learned them from UBALE participants (spillover effect), or received training from someone else. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 197 The results presented in this section cover all agricultural indicators, not just those where indicator values were higher for participants. The results also provide estimates of the effects of drought and crop diseases or pests on outcomes. This section describes findings where variables measuring agricultural practices were statistically significant. Complete results are presented in Appendix C. Per-Capita Daily Expenditures Table 4 shows the summary results of two OLS equations (columns 1 and 2) estimating per-capita daily expenditures. Column 1 corresponds to the equation with financial services, value chain, crop, livestock, NRM and improved storage as explanatory variables. Column 2 corresponds to the equation with sustainable agriculture practices (NRM, crop and livestock combined) as the explanatory variable. The table shows only those results that were statistically significant. The results indicate that as desired, value chain and livestock practices (column 1) are associated with higher per capita daily expenditures (higher being signaled by an up arrow). Shock exposure, drought and crop disease or crop pests, is associated with lower per-capita daily expenditures (lower being signaled by a down arrow). Results from the second equation show that sustainable agriculture practices are associated with higher expenditures (up arrow) and shocks with lower expenditures (down arrow). The statistically significant variables in column 1 show that there are benefits to layering value chain, crop and livestock practices. The results in column 2 indicate the effectiveness of layering NRM, crop and livestock practices. Table 4. UBALE-project-promoted practices and per-capita daily expenditures, summary results Per-capita daily expenditures UBALE project promoted practices (1) (2) Value chain practices ↑** Livestock practices ↑*** Sustainable agricultural practices (NRM, crop and livestock) ↑*** Shocks Drought ↓** ↓** Crop disease or pests ↓* ↓* ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05, †p<0.10 The analysis illustrated in Figure 2 shows how per-capita daily expenditures change as the number of additional value chain practices adopted increases. On average, farmer households adopted 0.8 out of 13 possible value-chain practices. As the number of value chain activities increases, per-capita daily expenditures increase at a faster rate, indicated by the upward slope of the lines. This shows the benefits of adopting more than one value chain practice (layering). Converting the coefficients from regression equation (1) in Appendix C to probabilities,17 we find that moving from 0 to 8 practices (the range in the sample) is associated with a $2.10 increase in per-capita daily expenditures. The rate of increase in per-capita daily expenditures grows as practices increase: moving from zero to one practice increases per-capita daily expenditures by about $0.20, whereas moving from seven to eight practices is 17 Predicted probability=1/1 + e-xb IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 198 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data associated with an increase of $0.30. These findings support the idea that a package of technologies should be large enough to effect significant beneficial changes on income and production. The figure also shows that this relationship is sensitive to shock exposure. The figure compares per￾capita daily expenditures for farmer households reporting exposure to drought and crop disease (bottom dotted line), households reporting exposure to either drought or crop diseases (middle solid line) and households reporting no drought (top dashed line). On average, exposure to either drought or crop disease reduces per-capita daily expenditures by $0.64; exposure to both shocks is associated with a $1.10 reduction. As noted above farmer households report few practices (0.8) on average; this is associated with an average increase in per-capita daily expenditures of $0.18 if a household reports no shocks. Exposure to drought or crop disease/pests would have more than erased that gain and resulted in lower per-capita daily expenditures. In sum, the benefits to per-capita daily expenditures from value chain practices increase as the number of practices adopted increases, but household participation in these practices is low on average and gains were offset by shocks. Figure 2. Relationship between number of adopted value chain practices and per-capita daily expenditures, by exposure to drought and crop disease/pests, UBALE endline Figure 3 presents results from equation 1 estimating the relationship between the use of sustainable livestock practices and per-capita daily expenditures. The figure shows that increases in per-capita daily expenditures for each additional practice are much larger when the number of adopted practices is high: moving from 0 to 1 practice is associated with an increase in per-capita daily expenditures of $0.40; moving from 7 to 8 practices is associated with an increase of $1.77. On average, households in the sample engaged in 0.4 livestock practices (1.1 for households owning large livestock) out of 13 possible. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 199 These findings support our recommendation (R5) in the main report regarding investing in livestock development practices where livestock is an important livelihood component. As with value chain practices illustrated in Figure 2, exposure to drought or crop disease/pests lowers per-capita daily expenditure by $0.64, exposure to both shocks lowers it by $1.10. Gains to the average household with 0.4 practices ($0.10) are more than negated by exposure to either shock. Figure 3. Relationship between use of livestock practices and per-capita daily expenditures, by exposure to drought and crop disease/pests, UBALE endline Figure 4 shows results from equation 2, which estimates the relationship between sustainable agriculture practices and per-capita daily expenditures. The count of sustainable agricultural practices includes NRM, crop practices and livestock practices. Sustainable agricultural practices averaged 4.1 and ranged from 0 to 29 out of 36 possible practices. Use of sustainable agricultural practices was associated with higher per-capita daily expenditures. Compared to farmer households engaging in 0 practices, per￾capital daily expenditures for farmer households using 4.1 practices were $0.70 higher. Similar to crop and livestock practices, increases in per-capita daily expenditures are larger with more practices. Exposure to drought or crop disease/pests reduced per-capita daily expenditures by $0.52. Exposure to both shocks reduced it by $1.36. These results provide some evidence of the benefits of layering across these three types of programming. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 200 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Figure 4. Relationship between use of sustainable agricultural practices and per-capita daily expenditures, by exposure to drought and crop disease, UBALE endline Moderate to Severe Hunger Table 5 shows the results of a logit equation estimating the probability that a household experienced moderate to severe hunger. The analysis indicates that as expected, value chain practices are associated with lower probability (lower being signaled by a down arrow) that a household will experience moderate to severe hunger. NRM practices, on the other hand, are associated with increased probability (up arrow). Higher probability of moderate to severe hunger associated with NRM probably reflects UBALE provision of FFA to encourage NRM program participation. The results also show that drought exposure and crop disease/pests, as expected, increase (worsen) the probability of moderate to severe hunger. Complete results from this equation and equation 2, which estimated the relationship between the use of sustainable agricultural practices and the probability of moderate to severe hunger, are included in Appendix C. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 201 Table 5: UBALE project promoted activities and moderate to severe household hunger, summary results Moderate to severe hunger UBALE project promoted practices Value chain practices ↓* NRM practices ↑** Shocks Drought ↑* Crop disease or pests ↑* ***<0.001, ***<0.01, *0.05, †<0.10 As noted in Table 5 and illustrated in Figure 5, the use of value-chain practices is associated with a lower probability that a household will experience moderate to severe hunger. As the number of value chain activities farmers participate in increases, the probability of hunger decreases, showing the benefits of layering value chain program activities. Each value chain activity is associated with a decrease in the probability of moderate to severe hunger of about 6 percentage points. On average, farmer households used 0.8 value-chain practices, reducing the probability of moderate to severe hunger from 0.54 to 0.49. However, the analysis illustrated in Figure 5 shows that this relationship is sensitive to shock exposure. For households reporting one shock and no value chain practices, the probability of moderate to severe hunger is 0.54; the probability is 0.15 for households using eight value chain practices. Exposure to drought or crop disease/pests increases the probability of moderate to severe hunger by about 12 percentage points. Exposure to both is associated with a 23-percentage point increase. For households reporting the mean number of value chain practices and no shocks, exposure to either drought or crop disease/pests increases their probability of moderate to severe hunger from 0.43 to 0.55. Exposure to both shocks increases the probability to 0.66. In sum, the benefits to hunger status from value chain practices are offset by shocks, i.e., shock exposure lessens the effectiveness of value chain practices. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 202 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Figure 5. Relationship between use of value chain practices and moderate to severe household hunger, by exposure to drought and crop disease/pests, UBALE endline Figure 6 shows that the probability of moderate to severe hunger increases as the number of NRM practices increases. Each practice is associated with a 0.09 increase in the probability of moderate to severe hunger. The increase in the probability of moderate to severe hunger associated with drought and crop disease/pests is the same as in the previous example: either shock alone increases the probability by 0.12; both shocks together increase it by 0.23. If NRM practices are seen in terms of FFA, farmer households being provided with FFA are those that are more likely to experience moderate to severe hunger. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 203 Figure 6. Relationship between use of NRM practices and moderate to severe household hunger, by exposure to drought and crop disease/pests, UBALE endline HDDS The following table and figures show results from multivariate equations estimating HDDS. Complete results are presented in Appendix C. As shown in Table 6, the following measures are positively associated with improved dietary diversity: • adoption of project promoted value chain activities (column 1); • adoption of sustainable livestock practices (column 1); and • adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (column 2). Use of improved storage is associated with lower (worse) dietary diversity. The explanation for this may be similar to the one regarding the inverse association between the use of NRM practices and moderate to severe hunger, namely that programming targets poorer households. In addition, the project promoted the adoption of Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags for storage; these were initially distributed for free to targeted farming households. The households that received free PICS bags were likely poorer households. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 204 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Table 6: UBALE project activities and HDDS, summary results HDDS UBALE-project-promoted activities (1) (2) Value chain practices ↑** Livestock practices ↑** Improved storage ↓* Sustainable agricultural practices (NRM, crop and livestock) ↑** Shocks Drought ↓* ↓* Crop disease or pests ns ns ***<0.001, ***<0.01, *0.05, †<0.10) The remainder of this section discusses the findings for each of these indicators in detail. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 205 Improved storage Of farmer project participants, use of improved storage practices ranged from 0 to 2 with a mean of 0.19. Figure 7 shows that use of improved storage practices was associated with a decrease in HDDS. Converting the coefficients in column (1) to HDDS scores shows that each additional improved storage practice is associated with a reduction of 0.4 in HDDS. Exposure to drought is associated with a 0.3 reduction in HDDS. Figure 7. Relationship between use of improved storage and HDDS, by drought vs. no drought, UBALE endline IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 206 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Value chain activities Figure 8 plots the count of value chain activities against HDDS. The x-axis shows the range for reported value chain activities (0 to 8); the vertical line marks the mean number of activities (0.8) for the sample overall. The upward-sloped lines illustrate that each additional value chain activity is associated with an increase of 0.2 in HDDS in both drought and no-drought households. Farmer households on average, with no drought (dotted top line), had an HDDS of 3.4. For farmer households exposed to drought (solid lower line) with the same number of value chain activities had an HDDS of 3.0. This shows that drought exposure reduces HDDS by 0.4. To overcome the effects of drought on HDDS requires at least two value chain activities: (0.2 * 2 activities) + (0.4 *1 drought) = 0 change in HDDS. To increase HDDS requires more than two value chain activities. Figure 8. Relationship between use of value chain activities and HDDS, drought vs no drought, UBALE endline Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 207 Livestock practices Farmer households reported an average of 0.4 livestock practices out of 13 possible. Figure 9 plots the count of sustainable livestock practices against HDDS. The upward-sloped lines illustrate that each additional livestock practice is associated with an increase in HDDS of about 0.3 for both drought and no-drought households. Exposure to drought is associated with a reduction in HDDS of 0.3. Adopting one livestock practice offsets the effects of drought. Figure 9. Relationship between use of livestock practices and HDDS, drought vs no drought, UBALE endline IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 208 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Sustainable agriculture practices is an indicator where values for participant farmer households were higher than those for non-participant farmer households. Mean scores were 4.4 and 3.9, respectively. Figure 10 shows estimates from the equation estimating the relationship between use of sustainable agriculture practices and HDDS (column 2 in Table 6). Each practice is associated with an increase of 0.1 in HDDS. With no drought, HDDS for participants was 3.5, slightly higher than for non-participants (3.4). Exposure to drought was associated with a reduction of 0.3 in HDDS. This means that at least three practices are needed to offset the effects of drought. Figure 10. Relationship between use of sustainable agriculture practices and HDDS, drought vs no drought, UBALE endline Detailed Analysis The final section of the findings presents results from a more detailed analysis, examining specific practices and their relationship to well-being outcomes. Farmer households report a wide range of practices and mixes of practices, so it was not possible to identify a ”typical” mix of practices. Inspection of the dataset showed that respondents reported from 0 to 27 out of 56 total possible practices, with 743 different combinations of practices. The analysis was narrowed by examining value chain practices because they were significant with all three well-being outcomes. Within value chain practices, those reported by at least 5 percent of the sample were included in the equations: purchasing inputs from dealers, use of financial services, training and extension, and processing produce. Variables were coded 1 if the farmer household used the practice and 0 if the farmer household did not use the practice. The count of sustainable practices was included as a control variable. Lack of a statistically significant relationship between a variable measuring a practice and well-being outcomes does not mean that Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 209 practice was ineffective; as noted in the introduction, findings that are not statistically significant say only that the results failed to show that differences met the standard of p-value of <0.1; it is possible that with a larger sample, results would be statistically significant. All three equations included the two shock exposure variables, drought and crop disease or pests. Complete results are presented in Appendix D. Table 7 presents summary results. Purchasing inputs from dealers was associated with higher per capita daily expenditures. Use of financial services and participation in training or extension were both associated with higher per-capita daily expenditures and lower probability of moderate to severe hunger. Processing produce was associated with improvements in all three well-being outcomes. Table 7. Relationship between value chain practices and well-being outcomes Per-capita daily expenditures (2010 USD) Moderate to severe hunger HDDS UBALE-project-promoted practices (1) (2) (3) Value chain practices Inputs from dealers ↑* Financial services ↑*** ↓* Training & extension ↑*** ↓** Processing produce ↑*** ↓** ↑*** ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, * p<0.05, †p<0.10 4. Summary and Conclusions This report provided analysis of data from the endline PBS survey. The analysis examined differences between participant and non-participant households across FFP indicators. The main analytic issue was the lack of a comparison group for UBALE program participants at baseline. Because of this, there was no way to measure change from baseline to endline for program participants. Endline results did not indicate differences between participants and non-participants in food security indicators. Simulating a baseline comparison group would have allowed the analysis to test whether there was an improvement for participants, meaning that they started lower than non-participant households and by endline had achieved the same level of food security. However, the methodologies used to “recreate” a comparison group were not successful, and no statistically valid conclusions could be drawn regarding baseline￾endline comparisons of participant and non-participant groups. This type of analysis is outside the scope of PBS indicator monitoring and the sampling design does not allow for it. The strong interest in this comparison suggests that an impact analysis should be considered in project scoping and budgeting phases. Overall, the results indicate that the adoption of practices translates to improved well-being outcomes. The analysis finds additional benefits for each added activity (i.e., more activities equates to more benefits), and evidence of benefits of the activity-promoted practices generally. The three agricultural indicators where participants were higher than non-participants were: use of financial services, NRM practices and sustainable agriculture practices (NRM, crop practices and IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 210 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data livestock practices). Estimation equations showed the NRM practices were associated with worse hunger outcomes and were not statistically significant in equations estimating per-capita daily expenditures or HDDS. Sustainable agriculture practices (NRM, crop practices and livestock practices) were associated with higher per-capital daily expenditures and higher HDDS and were not statistically significant in equations estimating moderate to severe hunger. Use of financial services was not significant in any equations. The use of value chain practices did not differ between participant and non-participant households. Analysis showed that use of value chain practices was associated with improvements in all three well￾being outcomes: increases in per-capita expenditures, decreases in moderate to severe hunger, and increases in dietary diversity as measured by HDDS. Of the value chain practices reported by at least 5 percent of households, processing produce was associated with improvements in all three outcomes. Farmer households in the overall sample (both participants and non-participants) engaging in project￾promoted activities had higher values on per-capita daily expenditures and food security indicators, which validates an activity-intensive layering approach. Nevertheless, on average, the number of activities reported by farmer households is low, compared to the total possible. One the main findings of this analysis is that exposure to drought and/or crop disease or crop pests worsened food security outcomes, erasing any gains from project interventions. Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 211 Appendix A: Comparison of Indicators by Participation Status and Baseline/Endline, UBALE Note: Significance tests compare participants to non-participants, and baseline to endline. The data for some indicators are disaggregated by gender but the male-female comparison was not tested for statistical significance. Table 8: Comparison of indicators by participation – status and baseline/endline, UBALE Participant/Non-participant Endline Comparisons Baseline/Endline Comparisons # observations Raw difference (EL-BL) # observations Partici￾pants Non￾participants Difference Sig. Level1 Partici￾pants Non￾participants 2015 Baseline 2019 Endline Sig. Level1 Baseline Endline FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger (HHS) 46.5 47.9 -1.4 ns 404 752 46.0 47.5 1.5 ns 2,334 1,149 Average Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) 3.3 3.4 -0.1 ns 381 702 3.9 3.4 -0.5 ** 2,220 1,081 POVERTY INDICATORS Per capita expenditures (as a proxy for income) of USG targeted beneficiaries2 2.0 2.5 -0.5 ns 1,878 3,487 2.1 2.3 0.3 ns 11,200 5,365 Prevalence of poverty: Percent of people living on less than $1.90/day 64.8 66.1 -1.3 ns 1,878 3,487 62.1 65.6 3.5 ns 11,200 5,365 Mean depth of poverty 28.2 31.7 -3.5 ns 1,878 3,487 25.4 30.4 5.0 * 11,200 5,365 WASH INDICATORS % HH using an improved drinking water source 65.2 62.4 2.8 ns 409 762 62.5 63.4 0.9 ns 2,334 1,171 % HH in target areas practicing correct use of recommended household water treatment technologies 35.7 25.0 10.8 ** 409 762 8.0 28.7 20.7 *** 2,334 1,171 % HH in target areas practicing boiling 8.5 6.9 1.6 ns 409 762 4.0 7.5 3.5 ** 2,334 1,171 % HH in target areas practicing bleaching 32.9 20.9 12.1 *** 409 762 4.1 25.1 20.9 *** 2,334 1,171 % HH in target areas practicing filtering 0.0 0.7 -0.7 * 409 762 0.1 0.5 0.4 † 2,334 1,171 % HH in target areas practicing solar disinfecting 0.2 0.0 0.2 ns 409 762 0.0 0.1 0.0 ns 2,334 1,171 % HH that can obtain drinking water in less than 30 minutes (round trip) 55.4 59.3 -3.9 ns 409 762 48.0 58.0 10.0 * 2,334 1,171 % HH using improved sanitation facilities 44.7 33.0 11.7 *** 409 762 34.8 37.1 2.3 ns 2,334 1,171 % HH in target areas practicing open defecation 14.3 11.4 2.9 ns 409 762 9.4 12.4 3.1 † 2,334 1,171 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 212 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Participant/Non-participant Endline Comparisons Baseline/Endline Comparisons # observations Raw difference (EL-BL) # observations Partici￾pants Non￾participants Difference Sig. Level1 Partici￾pants Non￾participants 2015 Baseline 2019 Endline Sig. Level1 Baseline Endline % HH w/ soap and water at a handwashing station commonly used by family members 10.6 7.7 2.9 ns 409 762 4.2 8.7 4.5 * 2,334 1,171 AGRICULTURAL INDICATORS % farmers who used financial services in past 12 months 33.8 27.3 6.6 * 506 803 34.3 29.8 -4.5 † 3,511 1,309 Male farmers 32.0 28.9 3.1 ns 255 399 34.1 30.1 -4 ns 1,528 654 Female farmers 35.7 25.6 10.0 * 251 404 34.4 29.4 -4.9 † 1,983 655 % farmers who practiced value chain activities promoted by the project in past 12 months 24.1 22.0 2.1 ns 504 807 35.9 22.8 -13.2 *** 3,511 1,311 Male farmers 26.5 24.5 2.1 ns 255 401 36.4 25.3 -11.2 *** 1,528 656 Female farmers 21.5 19.5 2.1 ns 249 406 35.5 20.3 -15.2 *** 1,983 655 % farmers who used at least 3 sustainable agric. (crop, livestock, NRM) practices and/or technologies in past 12 mos. 35.8 28.6 7.2 * 512 818 52.9 31.4 -21.5 *** 3,511 1,330 Male farmers 35.5 33.1 2.5 ns 257 403 55.9 34.0 -21.9 *** 1,528 660 Female farmers 36.1 24.3 11.8 ** 255 415 50.6 28.7 -21.8 *** 1,983 670 % farmers who used at least two sustainable crop practices and/or technologies in past 12 months 54.5 52.9 1.7 ns 484 765 75.1 53.5 -21.6 *** 3,511 1,249 Male farmers 55.9 53.7 2.1 ns 248 381 76.5 54.6 -22 *** 1,528 629 Female farmers 53.2 52.0 1.2 ns 236 384 74.1 52.4 -21.6 *** 1,983 620 % farmers who used at least two sustainable livestock practices and/or technologies in past 12 months 2.2 2.1 0.1 ns 512 817 1.8 2.1 0.4 ns 3,511 1,329 Male farmers 2.7 3.6 -0.9 ns 257 404 2.0 3.2 1.2 ns 1,528 661 Female farmers 1.7 0.6 1.0 ns 255 413 1.5 1.0 -0.5 ns 1,983 668 % farmers who used at least two sustainable NRM practices in past 12 months 18.4 11.0 7.3 * 504 804 18.6 13.8 -4.8 * 3,511 1,308 Male farmers 19.2 12.2 7.0 + 256 397 21.6 14.9 -6.7 ** 1,528 653 Female farmers 17.5 9.8 7.7 * 248 407 16.3 12.7 -3.6 ns 1,983 655 Percentage of farmers who used improved storage practices in past 12 months 21.3 18.2 3.1 ns 492 779 51.3 19.4 -31.8 *** 3,477 1,271 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 213 Participant/Non-participant Endline Comparisons Baseline/Endline Comparisons # observations Raw difference (EL-BL) # observations Partici￾pants Non￾participants Difference Sig. Level1 Partici￾pants Non￾participants 2015 Baseline 2019 Endline Sig. Level1 Baseline Endline Male farmers 22.8 20.9 1.9 ns 250 388 53.2 21.6 -31.6 *** 1,513 638 Female farmers 19.9 15.6 4.3 ns 242 391 49.7 17.2 -32.5 *** 1,964 633 WOMEN'S HEALTH AND NUTRITION INDICATORS Prevalence of underweight women 6.6 7.5 -0.9 ns 327 520 7.5 7.1 -0.4 ns 1,876 847 Minimum Dietary Diversity - Women 16.0 16.2 -0.3 ns 392 639 22.9 16.1 -6.7 ** 2,160 1,031 Women’s Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) 2.9 3.0 -0.1 ns 392 639 3.3 3.2 -0.1 ** 2,160 1,031 Percent of births receiving at least 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits3 47.8 48.9 -1.1 ns 261 348 42.8 48.3 5.5 † 1,252 609 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 88.9 78.7 10.2 * 182 232 75.6 83.0 7.4 ** 1,193 414 Prevalence of women of reproductive age who consume targeted nutrient-rich value chain commodities 25.5 26.2 -0.8 ns 392 639 16.2 27.1 10.9 *** 2,160 1,031 Prevalence of women of reproductive age who consume foods made from orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) 23.7 25.1 -1.4 ns 392 639 14.1 24.5 10.4 *** 2,160 1,031 Prevalence of women of reproductive age who consume foods made from bio￾fortified beans (NUA) 2.9 3.3 -0.4 ns 392 639 2.7 3.1 0.4 ns 2,160 1,031 CHILDREN'S HEALTH AND NUTRITION INDICATORS Prevalence of underweight CU5 (Total) 6.5 9.5 -2.9 ns 320 417 13.0 8.2 -4.7 ** 1,635 737 Male 7.2 9.5 -2.3 ns 165 215 13.9 8.5 -5.4 * 814 380 Female 5.8 9.5 -3.6 ns 155 202 12.0 8.0 -4 * 821 357 Prevalence of stunted CU5 (Total) 21.8 26.1 -4.3 ns 320 417 37.4 24.3 -13.1 *** 1,615 737 Male 22.1 29.2 -7.1 ns 165 215 41.3 26.2 -15.1 *** 803 380 Female 21.4 22.8 -1.4 ns 155 202 33.3 22.2 -11 ** 812 357 Prevalence of wasted CU5 (Total) 2.0 3.0 -1.1 ns 320 417 2.7 2.6 -0.1 ns 1,613 737 Male 2.5 4.3 -1.8 ns 165 215 2.7 3.5 0.8 ns 803 380 Female 1.4 1.7 -0.3 ns 155 202 2.6 1.6 -1.1 ns 810 357 % CU5 with diarrhea in the last two weeks (Total) 22.5 25.3 -2.8 ns 311 401 19.0 24.1 5.1 t 1,695 712 Male 21.2 26.5 -5.3 ns 154 209 20.0 24.3 4.3 ns 846 363 Female 23.8 24.0 -0.2 ns 157 192 18.0 23.9 5.9 † 849 349 % CU5 with diarrhea treated with ORT (Total) 58.2 67.2 -9.1 ns 72 101 69.2 63.9 -5.2 ns 323 174 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 214 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Participant/Non-participant Endline Comparisons Baseline/Endline Comparisons # observations Raw difference (EL-BL) # observations Partici￾pants Non￾participants Difference Sig. Level1 Partici￾pants Non￾participants 2015 Baseline 2019 Endline Sig. Level1 Baseline Endline Prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding of children under six months of age na 76.3 22 57 70.8 76.4 5.6 ns 167 79 Prevalence of children 6-23 months of age receiving a minimum acceptable diet (MAD) 6.7 3.1 3.6 ns 103 118 15.8 5.2 -10.6 *** 507 223 Prevalence of children 6-23 months who consume targeted nutrient-rich value chain commodities 16.2 16.1 0.1 ns 104 120 8.7 16.2 7.5 * 507 223 Prevalence of children 6-23 months who consume foods made from orange￾fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) 15.4 11.3 4.1 ns 104 120 7.0 12.2 5.2 † 507 223 Prevalence of children 6-23 months who consume foods made from bio-fortified beans 1.8 4.9 -3.1 + 103 118 1.7 3.5 1.8 ns 507 223 GENDER INDICATORS % men and women married or in union who earned cash in past 12 months 53.5 49.8 3.7 ns 659 1,058 69.2 51.2 -18.0 *** 3,296 1,717 % men who earned cash in past 12 months 76.3 74.9 1.4 ns 326 525 89.3 75.4 -13.9 *** 1,624 851 % women who earned cash in past 12 months 30.9 25.1 5.9 ns 333 533 49.5 27.3 -22.2 *** 1,672 866 % men in union and earning cash who make decisions alone about the use of self-earned cash 39.8 39.9 -0.1 ns 211 327 63.2 40.6 -22.6 *** 1,343 529 % women in union and earning cash who make decisions alone about the use of self-earned cash 31.6 27.6 4.1 ns 94 125 24.5 29.9 5.4 ns 781 214 % men in union and earning cash who make decisions jointly with spouse/partner about the use of self￾earned cash 42.8 36.6 6.2 ns 211 327 26.7 39.8 13.2 *** 1,343 529 % women in union and earning cash who make decisions jointly with spouse/partner about the use of self￾earned cash 34.5 44.1 -9.6 ns 94 125 32.2 40.5 8.4 † 781 214 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 215 Participant/Non-participant Endline Comparisons Baseline/Endline Comparisons # observations Raw difference (EL-BL) # observations Partici￾pants Non￾participants Difference Sig. Level1 Partici￾pants Non￾participants 2015 Baseline 2019 Endline Sig. Level1 Baseline Endline % men and women with children under two who have knowledge of maternal and child health and nutrition (MCHN) practices 85.5 85.6 -0.1 ns 208 293 81.0 89.3 8.3 ** 1,151 489 % men with children under two who have knowledge of maternal and child health and nutrition (MCHN) practices 84.9 80.6 4.2 ns 79 106 73.5 86.8 13.3 ** 499 182 % women with children under two who have knowledge of maternal and child health and nutrition (MCHN) practices 87.2 89.0 -1.8 ns 38 156 86.8 91.2 4.4 † 651 307 % men in union with children under two who make maternal health and nutrition decisions alone 37.7 33.9 3.8 ns 79 106 53.8 37.8 -16.0 ** 494 177 % women in union with children under two who make maternal health and nutrition decisions alone 14.2 26.8 -12.6 * 38 156 43.6 40.6 -3.0 ns 517 238 % men in union with children under two who make maternal health and nutrition decisions jointly with spouse/partner 31.5 29.5 2.0 ns 79 106 20.1 31.9 11.8 ** 494 177 % women in union with children under two who make maternal health and nutrition decisions jointly with spouse/partner 32.8 16.8 16.0 + 38 156 19.3 23.5 4.3 ns 517 238 % men in union with children under two who make child health and nutrition decisions alone 12.2 15.8 -3.5 ns 79 106 33.0 16.2 -16.8 *** 494 179 % women in union with children under two who make child health and nutrition decisions alone 19.6 23.7 -4.0 ns 38 156 38.8 39.2 0.4 ns 517 248 % men in union with children under two who make child health and nutrition decisions jointly with spouse/partner 36.1 39.8 -3.7 ns 79 106 32.1 40.3 8.2 † 494 179 % women in union with children under two who make child health and nutrition decisions jointly with spouse/partner 36.9 26.8 10.1 ns 38 156 33.5 34.7 1.2 ns 517 248 1 ns = not significant, † p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001; 2 Expressed in 2010 USD; 3 Women ages 15-49 with a live birth in the past two years. IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 216 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Appendix B: Comparison of FFP Agricultural Indicators and Component Practices, by Participation Status at Endline, UBALE Table 9: Comparison of FFP agricultural indicators and component practices by participation status at endline, UBALE Percentage # observations Participants Non￾participants Participants Non￾participants Sig. level Value chain practices Inputs from dealers 29.8 33.1 375 612 ns Financial services 8.2 8.0 375 612 ns Training & extension services 14.2 12.2 375 612 ns Contract farming 2.4 0.9 375 612 + Pen feeding 2.4 2.7 375 612 ns Processing produce 14.9 22.4 375 612 * Marketing groups for produce 1.3 2.6 375 612 ns Marketing systems for livestock 0.8 1.1 375 612 ns Warehouse receipt system 0.3 0.0 375 612 ns Market information services 4.2 4.1 375 612 ns Business development services 0.3 1.1 375 612 ns Insurance services 0.2 0.1 375 612 ns Planning and profit calculations 4.3 4.8 375 612 ns Total practices (mean) 0.8 0.9 375 612 ns Financial services Credit 18.0 12.7 375 612 * Savings 17.6 10.7 375 612 ** Insurance 3.8 3.8 375 612 ns Total practices (mean) 0.4 0.3 375 612 * Crop practices Manure 25.4 30.0 375 612 ns Compost 13.5 14.6 375 612 ns Planting basins 15.4 11.6 375 612 ns Mulching 9.9 12.3 375 612 ns Weed control 46.8 51.7 375 612 ns Dry planting 4.5 4.9 375 612 ns Residue incorporation 9.7 8.7 375 612 ns Tied or boxed ridges 9.7 7.5 375 612 ns Crop rotations 11.5 10.2 375 612 ns Intercropping 31.7 30.0 375 612 ns Planting with first rains 32.9 30.1 375 612 ns Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 217 Percentage # observations Participants Non￾participants Participants Non￾participants Sig. level Improved crop varieties 13.5 11.2 375 612 ns Contour ridges 10.8 8.2 375 612 ns Ridging 41.6 37.9 375 612 ns Pit planting 18.0 19.9 375 612 ns Minimum tillage 16.3 12.6 375 612 ns Chemical pest control 7.4 6.4 375 612 ns Natural pest control 1.7 3.2 375 612 ns Sasakawa (1 maize seed per station) 5.9 5.7 375 612 ns Agroforestry 0.8 1.6 375 612 ns Total practices (mean) 3.3 3.2 375 612 ns Livestock practices1 Improved animal shelters 8.4 10.6 191 259 ns Vaccinations 32.0 21.6 191 259 * Deworming 6.4 8.7 191 259 ns Castration 1.4 1.2 191 259 ns Dehorning 0.6 0.0 191 259 ns Homemade animal feeds 22.0 23.8 191 259 ns Feed from manufacturer 0.8 1.0 191 259 ns Artificial insemination 0.8 0.0 191 259 ns Pen feeding 4.1 5.1 191 259 ns Fodder production 1.5 2.5 191 259 ns Paravet 2.2 3.4 191 259 ns Dipping 7.1 2.6 191 259 * Improved breeds 0.9 1.3 191 259 ns Total practices (mean) 1.3 1.1 104 140 ns NRM practices Watershed management 17.3 11.0 375 612 * Forest plantation management 25.4 17.8 375 612 * Forest products harvest 15.3 9.4 375 612 * Total practices (mean) 0.6 0.4 375 612 ** Improved storage Pics bags 6.1 3.5 375 612 + Improved granary 0.7 0.8 375 612 ns Warehouse or cereal bank 1.3 0.0 375 612 ns Use of trap 1.3 2.4 375 612 + Grain bag w/pesticides 12.8 12.9 375 612 ns Total practices (mean) 0.2 0.2 375 612 ns ns = not significant, † p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 218 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Appendix C: Results from Regressions Estimating Relationships between Project Indicator Variables and Well-Being Outcomes, UBALE Table 10. Results from regression equations estimating the relationship between project indicator variables and per-capita daily expenditures, UBALE Per-capita daily expenditures, USD10 (1) (2) UBALE project promoted practices and technologies Financial services 0.009 Improved storage practices 0.027 Value chain practices 0.098* NRM practices -0.058 Crop practices 0.036 Livestock practices 0.207*** Sustainable agricultural practices 0.131*** Shock Drought -0.341** -0.526*** Crop disease or crop pests -0.307** -0.408*** Household characteristics Household size -0.108* -0.123** Gendered HH type/Female headed HH - no adult males 0.000 0.000 Male headed HH - no adult females 0.327 0.129 Male and female headed HH 0.200 0.071 Adults with more than primary education 0.745** 0.847** Crop and livestock assets 0.014 0.017 District/Blantyre Chikwawa -0.099 -0.095 Nsanje -0.284* 0.011 Constant 0.947*** 0.745*** Observations 963 963 r2 0.331 0.305 † p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 219 Table 11. Results from regression equations estimating the relationship between indicator variables and the probability of moderate to severe hunger, UBALE Household Hunger Scale: moderate or severe hunger (1) (2) UBALE project promoted practices and technologies Financial services 0.165 Improved storage practices -0.252 Value chain practices -0.236* NRM practices 0.393** Crop practices -0.033 Livestock practices 0.009 Sustainable agricultural practices (crop, livestock, NRM) -0.018 Shock exposure Drought 0.467* 0.455* Crop disease or crop pests 0.500* 0.413* Household characteristics Household size -0.019 -0.011 Gendered HH type/Female headed HH - no adult males 0.000 0.000 Male headed HH - no adult females 0.445 0.522 Male and female headed HH 0.057 0.095 Adults with more than primary education -2.798*** -2.821*** Crop and livestock assets -0.175** -0.151** District/Blantyre Chikwawa 0.425+ 0.419+ Nsanje 1.148*** 1.048*** Constant 0.126 -0.018 Observations 959 959 † p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 IMPEL | Implementer-Led Evaluation and Learning 220 Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data Table 12. Results from regression equations estimating the relationship between indicator variables and HDDS, UBALE Average Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) (1) (2) UBALE project promoted practices and technologies Financial services -0.139 Improved storage practices -0.396* Value chain practices 0.270** NRM practices 0.099 Crop practices -0.015 Livestock practices 0.276** Sustainable agricultural practices 0.092* Shock exposure Drought -0.322* -0.326* Crop disease or crop pests -0.077 -0.076 Household characteristics Household size 0.009 0.015 Gendered HH type/Female headed HH - no adult males Male headed HH - no adult females 0.173 0.060 Male and female headed HH 0.264 0.228 Adults with more than primary education 2.801*** 3.054*** Crop and livestock assets 0.092* 0.121** District/Blantyre Chikwawa 0.004 0.016 Nsanje -0.152 -0.006 Constant 2.549*** 2.263*** Observations 901 901 r2 0.150 0.113 † p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 Final Performance Evaluation of the UBALE DFAP in Malawi Annex K: Additional Analysis of PBS Data 221 Appendix D: Results from Regression Equations Estimating the Relationship between Value Chain Practices and Well-Being Outcomes, UBALE Table 13. Results from regression equations estimating the relationship between value chain practices and well-being outcomes log (Per-capita daily consumption, 2010USD) prob (Moderate or severe hunger) Average Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) Value chain practices Inputs from dealers 0.333* -0.016 -0.015 Financial services 0.754*** 0.641* 0.387 Training & extension 0.783*** -0.744** -0.214 Processing produce 1.278*** -0.576** 1.201*** Shock exposure Drought -1.112*** 0.434* -0.289+ Crop disease or crop pests -1.781*** 0.654** -0.357* Household characteristics Household size -0.162** -0.015 0.015 Gendered HH type/Female headed HH - no adult males Male headed HH - no adult females 0.032 0.507 0.123 Male and female headed HH 0.365 0.052 0.332* Adults with more than primary education 0.675 -3.040*** 2.899*** Crop and livestock assets 0.083+ -0.162** 0.188*** District/Blantyre Chikwawa -0.868* 0.553* -0.194 Nsanje 0.350 1.119*** -0.309 Constant 0.477 0.034 2.335*** Observations 962 959 901 † p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001