EVALUATION Addendum to WALA: Survey Tools and Measures Expanding the Reach of Impact Evaluation (ERIE) Consortium This publication was produced at the request of the United StatesAgency for International Development. It was prepared independently byAriel BenYishay, KristenVelyvis, Katherine Nolan LilaKumarKhatiwada,CarrieDolan, DaniceBrownGuzman, Tom Purekal October 2019 Table of Contents Quantitative tools ......................................................................................................................... I Informed consent Child questionnaire Household questionnaire Qualitative tools .......................................................................................................................... 11 Key Informant Interview Guide for Implementing Partner Staff Key Informant Interview Guide for Government Officials Focus Group Discussion Guide for Community Members In-Depth Interview Guide for Resilient Household Members I. Quantitative tools WALA Malawi Informed Consent 2018 Hello, Good morning/afternoon. My name is...... I am working for researchers from the College of William and Mary, Mathematica, and Notre Dame University. I have come to your house today because your household has been randomly chosen to participate in a survey. We are studying the views of citizens in Malawi about how you are doing your farming and on sources of food in your household. We would like to discuss these issues with you. If there are children below 5 years in this house I would also like to talk to their mother/caregiver about the health and nutrition of the children. Your answers will be confidential. They will be put together with other people we are talking to, in order to get an overall picture. It will be impossible to pick you out from what you say, so please feel free to tell us what you think. The information collected from you will be combined with information collected from others like you, and we will not disclose your name and what you have told us to others. If you can answer our questions as honestly as possible it will help in the future development of this community. You should not hesitate to say you do not understand a question, or if you don't want to answer, just let me know and I will go on to the next question or you can stop the interview at any time. This interview will take about 45min 1 hour. There is no penalty for refusing to participate. If you have questions regarding this study you may contact Ariel BenYishay (abenyishay@aiddata.wm.edu) or Katherine Nolan (knolan@aiddata.wm.edu). I am aware that I may report dissatisfactions with any aspect of this study to Dr. Jennifer A. Stevens, the Chair of the Protection of Human Subjects Committee by telephone ((757) 2213862) or email (jastev@wm.edu). THIS PROJECT WAS APPROVED BY THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS COMMITTEE (Phone: 757221 3966) ON [July 20th, 2018] AND EXPIRES ON [July 19th, 2019]. Would you be willing to participate? DID THE RESPONDENT CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE? Yes (1) |____| ZIKOMO & Continue No (2) |____| End (contact the supervisor) 1 Follow-up SURVEY ERIE Follow-up Endline Survey: CHILD QUESTIONNAIRE (2018) – CHICHEWA (PILOT) MODULE 0-A: IDENTIFICATION DETAILS District : _____________________________________________ CODE: |____|____| Traditional Authority : ______________________________ CODE: |____|____| Group Village Headman : _______________________________ Village : _____________________________________________ CODE: |____|____| Name of household head: _______________________________ CODE: |____|____|____| (sample HH no.) Name of the child (<5 years) : _____________________________ CODE: |____|____| (Line No. from HH.Q.101) Sex of the child : Male……. 1 Female…….2 (Same as in HH.Q. 103) Date of interview : |____|____||____|____||_1_|_8_| D D M M Y Y Interviewers Name: ___________________________________ CODE: |____|____|____| (WACO ID) Start Time |____|____|:|____|____| End Time |____|____|:|____|____| (record in 24hr format) TO BE COMPLETED AFTER INTERVIEW HAS BEEN DONE Is questionnaire complete? Yes |____| No |____| Name of supervisor: __________________ |____|____|____| Date checked |____|____||____|____||_1_|_8_| CODE D D M M Y Y Supervisor’s sig.: _______________________________ Data entry clerk 1:______________________ CODE |____| Date of data entry |____|____||____|____||_1_|_8_| D D M M Y Y Data entry clerk 2:______________________ CODE |____| Date of data entry |____|____||____|____||_1_|_8_| D D M M Y Y DID THE RESPONDENT/GUARDIAN CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE? Yes (1) |____| ZIKOMO & Continue No (2) |____| End (contact the supervisor) Enumerator General Codes: 95 = No other answer 96 = Other 97 = None 98 = Don’t know 99 = Refused 2 Follow-up SURVEY # QUESTION AND FILTER RESPONSE CODES SKIP MODULE 9: CHILD CHARACTERISTICS ASK THIS SECTION TO THE MOTHER/CAREGIVER OF (NAME OF THE CHILD) ONLY. 901 COPY THE MOTHER/CAREGIVER’S LINE NUMBER FROM Q.101 AND NAME FROM Q.102 [RESPONDENT DETAILS]. LINE NO……………………… ___ ___ Name: _______________________ 902 Are you the biological mother of (NAME)? Kodi ndinu mayi ake omubereka (DZINA)? Biological mother 1 Caregiver 2 Other 3 903 Does [child’s name] have a health/vaccination card with the birth date recorded? Kodi [Dzina] ali ndi buku la ku chipatala/ kadi la ku sikelo pomwe panalembedwa za katemera wake ndi tsiku lake lobadwa? ENUMERATOR: IF THE HEALTH/VACCINATION CARD IS SHOWN AND THE RESPONDENT CONFIRMS THE INFORMATION IS CORRECT, RECORD THE DATE OF BIRTH AS DOCUMENTED ON THE CARD. IF NOT ASK, In what month and year was [child’s name] born? What is [his/her] birthday? Kodi [dzina la mwana] anabwadwa mwezi wanji komanso chaka chanji? Kodi tsiku lake lobadwa ndi liti? Day……………………… ___ ___ Month……………………. ___ ___ Year….………………….. ___ ___ RECORD ‘98’ IN DATE CELLS IF NOT SEEN/ REPORTED 904 SOURCE OF DATE OF BIRTH? Health passport 1 Church record 2 Clinic card 3 Home record 4 Calendar of events 5 Mother/caregiver recall 6 Other (SPECIFY)________________ 96 905 RECORD AGE OF (NAME) IN MONTHS (USE AGE TABLE) AGE IN MONTHS………… ___ ___ RECORD ‘00’ IF < 1 MONTH OLD 905A CHECK Q.905: AGE OF CHILD 0 – 11 MONTHS ◻ YES ⇨ CONTINUE Q906 ◻ NO ⇨ GO TO Q.909 906 Who assisted with the delivery of (NAME)? PROBE: Anyone else? Anyone else? Kodi ndi ndani amene anathandizira pobereka (DZINA)? PROBE: Panalinso wina? Panalinso wina? MULTIPLE RESPONSES POSSIBLE Doctor/Clinical Officer 1 Nurse/Midwife 2 Trained traditional birth attendant 3 Untrained traditional birth attendant 4 Community health worker 5 Relative/friend 6 Other (SPECIFY)________________ 96 None 97 ____ ____ ____ ____ 3 Follow-up SURVEY 907 Where did you/mother give birth to (NAME)? Kodi inu/mayi ake munamuberekera/anamuberekera kuti (DZINA)? IF IT IS A HOSPITAL, HEALTH CENTER, OR CLINIC, ASK THE NAME OF THE PLACE. PROBE TO IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF IT AND CIRCLE THE APPROPRIATE CODE Govt. hospital/health center/clinic 1 Mission hospital/health center/clinic 2 Pvt. hospital/health center/clinic 3 Own Home 4 Other’s Home 5 Other (SPECIFY)________________ 96 907A CHECK Q902: RESPONENT BIOLOGICAL MOTHER ◻ YES ⇨ CONTINUE Q908 ◻ NO ⇨ GO TO Q909 908 In the first 8 weeks (two months) after the birth of (NAME), did you receive a Vitamin A dose like this for you? Kodi inuyo/mayi a (DZINA) munalandirapo/analandirapo Vitamin A ngati uyu pasanapite sabata zisanu ndi zitatu (8) kapena kuti miyezi iwiri kuchokera tsiku lobadwa (DZINA)yu? SHOW 200,000 IU CAPSULE OR DISPENSER (RED). SHOW 100,000 IU CAPSULE OR DISPENSER (BLUE). Yes 1 No 2 DK 98 908B If yes, where did you get the vitamin A does? Ngati inde, Vitamin A ameneyu munamupeza kuti? At maternity/labor ward before discharge 1 At the postnatal clinic after discharge 2 In the community during Vitamin A supplementation campaign 3 At health worker outreach clinic 4 Other (SPECIFY)________________ 96 None 97 ADOPTION OF HEALTHY BEHAVIOR 909 Now I would like to ask you about certain practices of your household. Pano ndikufuna ticheze zokhudza zomwe mumachita pa banja lanu The last time (NAME) passed stools in your presence, where were the feaces disposed off? Kodi nthawi yomaliza yomwe (DZINA) ananyera (anabiba) inu mukuona, chimbudzi chakecho munachitaya kuti? Dropped into toilet facility…......01à Go to 911 Dropped into rubbish pit ….......02à Go to 911 Rinsed/washed away……........03 àContinue Buried in yard…………………..04 à Go to 911 Throw in the compound……….05 à Go to 911 Throw outside the compound…06à Go to 911 Did nothing/left it there……….. 07à Go to 911 Other (SPECIFY)___________...96à Go to 911 910 The last time (NAME) passed stools in your presence where was the waste water disposed? Kodi nthawi yomaliza yomwe (DZINA) ananyera (anabiba) inu mukuona ndipo mutatha kumukonza, madzi omwe munamukonzerawo munawataya kuti? Water discarded into toilet facility…………….1 Water discarded into sink or tub connected to drainage system………………………………..2 Water discarded outside……………………....3 Other (SPECIFY)_______________…………..96 4 Follow-up SURVEY HANDWASHING 911 When do you wash hands with soap or ash or other cleansing agents? PROBE: Any other time? Any other time? Ndi nthawi ziti zimene mumasamba m’manja ndi sopo kapena phulusa kapena mankhwala aliwonse osambira m’manja? PROBE: Palinso nthawi ina? Palinso nthawi ina? MULTIPLE RESPONSE POSSIBLE Never………………………………………….1 Before food preparation……………………..2 After food preparation……………………….3 Before feeding children……………………...4 After feeding children………………………..5 Before cleaning children…………………….6 After visiting the toilet………………………..7 After attending to a child who has defecated………………………...8 Before eating food……………………………9 After eating food…………………………….10 Others (SPECIFY)______________ ……….96 ____ ____ ____ ____ USE OF BEDNET 912 CHECK HH.Q145: HH HAS BEDNET ◻ YES, HAVE BEDNET ⇨ CONTINUE Q913 ◻ NO ⇨ GO TO Q920 913 Did (NAME) sleep under a long lasting insecticide-treated bednet (LLINs) last night? Kodi (DZINA) anagona m’masikito onyikidwa m’makhwala kapena oikidwa kale mmankhwala usiku wathawu? Yes…………………………………...1 No…………………………………….2 MODULE 9A: GROWTH MONITORING AND PROMOTION 920 Now I would like to discuss with you regular attendance of your child in a CHAM facility growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) session and/or in a MoH run growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) session. Pano ndikufuna ticheze za kapitidwe ka kusikero mabungwe kapena ya boma kwa(DZINA) Did (NAME) ever weigh in a Ministry of Health GMP session?Kodi (DZINA) munamukwezapo sikelo yomwe imapangidwa ndi a boma pofuna kuona mmene akukulira? Yes………………..1 à Go to 921 No…………………2 à Continue 920B Did (NAME) ever weigh in a CHAM facility GMP session? Kodi (DZINA) munamukwezapo sikelo yomwe imapangidwa ndi a mabungwe pofuna kuona mmene akukulira? Yes……………..1 à Continue No………………2 à Go to 1001A 921 Does (NAME) have a health passport or GMP card? IF YES, May I see it? Kodi (DZINA) ali ndi bukhu la ku chipatala kapena card la sikelo? [NGATI AVOMERA]…………Ndi ngaone nawo? Yes, seen……...1 Yes, not seen ...2 à Go to 1001A No ……………..3 à Go to 1001A 922 (NAME) WEIGHED IN LAST MONTH? OBSERVE HEALTH PASSPORT/GMP CARD AND RECORD. Yes………………1 No………………..2 923 (NAME) WEIGHED AT LEAST TWICE IN PAST 3 MONTHS? OBSERVE HEALTH PASSPORT/GMP CARD AND RECORD Yes………………1 No……………….2 à Go to 1001A 924 RECORD WEIGHTS FROM HEALTH PASSPORT OR GMP CARD, RECORDING BACKWARD FROM LAST MONTH RECORD IN KGS IN 1 DECIMAL. IF WIEGHTS NOT RECORDED IN ANY MONTH RECORD 98.8 1. Last month…………..…. ___ ___ . ___ 2. Two months ago........... ___ ___ . ___ 3. Three months ago......... ___ ___ . ___ 925 CHECK Q924: IF WEIGHT VALUE IS NOT RECORDED FOR 2 OR MORE MONTHS, OBSERVE AND RECORD THE LAST 3 MONTHS TREND FROM GRAPH Weight increased…………………………...1 No change in weight………………………..2 Weight decreased…………………………..3 Not recorded………………………………...4 5 Follow-up SURVEY # QUESTIONS AND FILTER RESPONSE CODES MODULE 10: FEEDING PRACTICES 1001A Has (NAME) ever been breastfed? Kodi (DZINA) anayamwitsidwapo mkaka wa mmawere? Yes………………………………1 à Go to 1002A No………………………………..2 à Continue Don’t know…….……………….98 à Continue 1001B Sometimes babies are fed breastmilk in different ways, for example by spoon, cup or bottle. This can happen when the mother cannot always be with her baby. Sometimes babies are breastfed by another woman, or given breastmilk from another woman by spoon, cup or bottle or some other way. This can happen if a mother cannot breastfeed her own baby. Has (NAME) ever consumed breastmilk in any of these ways? Nthawi zina ana amayamwitsidwa mkaka wa m’mawere munjira zosiyanasiyana, monga mu botolo, mu cup, kapena ndi spoon. Izi zimachitika pamene mayi sangathe kukhala ndi mwana wake nthawi zonse. Ndiponso nthawi zina, mwana amatha kuyamwitsidwa kuchokera kubere la mayi wina, kapenanso kumwetsedwa mkaka wa mmawere ochokera kwa mayi wina kudzera mu sipuni, kapu kapena botolo kapena njira zina zotero. Izi zimachitika ngati mayi sangathe kuyamwitsa yekha mwana wake Kodi (DZINA) anamwetsedwapo mkaka wa m’mawere mu njira yotereyi? Yes……..1à Continue No………2à Go to 1008 DK…… 98à Go to 1008 1002A How long after birth did (NAME) start breastfeeding? Panapita nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti (DZINA)ayambe kuyamwa atangobadwa? Same day………………………..1 à Go to 1003A 1 day……………………………..2 à Continue 2 days……………………………3 à Continue 3 days……………………………4 à Continue DK ……………………………...98 à Go to 1003A 1002B Why did the mother (or another woman as indicated in 801B) wait to breastfeed (NAME)? Ndi chifukwa chiyani mayi ake kapena mayi wina omuyang’anira dzina anadikira kuti ayambe kuyamwa? (as indicated in 801B) Milk was not coming out………………1 à Go to 1003A Wanted to get rid of their first milk……2à Go to 1002C Child was unable to suckle……………3 à Go to 1003A Other (specify):_______________.....96 à Go to 1003A 1002C Why did the mother or another woman as indicated in 801B) want to get rid of their first milk? Ndi chifukwa chiyani mayi ake kapena mayi omuyang’anira (DZINA) anataya mkaka wamawere oyambilira? (as indicated in Q 801B) They believe it was not good for the child……………1 They were instructed by care giver……………………2 They were instructed by medical professional……….3 Other (specify): ____________________.................96 1003A During the first three days after delivery, was (NAME) given anything to drink other than breast milk? ENUMERATOR: Probe with potential drinks including water since some women do not consider water as a drink Kodi masiku atatu oyambilira chibadwire (DZINA), munamupatsako chakumwa chapadera kupatula mkaka wa m’mawere? Yes………………….1 No…………………..2 DK…………………98 6 Follow-up SURVEY 1003B During the first 6 months after delivery, was (NAME) given anything to drink or eat other than breast milk? ENUMERATOR: Probe with potential drinks and foods including water since some women do not consider water as a drink Mu miyezi 6 yoyambilira atangobadwa, kodi DZINA anapatsidwa chakumwa/chakudya chapadera kupatula mkaka wa m’mawere? Yes ….1 à Continue No……2 à Go to 1004A DK….98 à Go to 1004A 1003C If yes, at what month did the child receive anything other than breast milk? IF yes, ndi mwezi wachingati umene mwana anapatsidwa chili chonse kupatula mkaka wamewere? ______ Month 1004A Is (NAME) still being breastfed? Kodi (DZINA) mukadamuyamwitsabe/akadayamwabe? Ana alinkuwonjesya liwele (LINA) mpaka lero? Yes……..1à Continue No………2à Go to 1008 1004B CHECK Q.902: RESPONDENT BIOLOGICAL MOTHER ◻ YES ⇨ CONTINUE Q1005 ◻ NO ⇨ GO TO Q1008 1005 Was (NAME) breastfed yesterday during the day or at night? Kodi (DZINA) anayamwa dzulo tsiku lonse (masana ndi usiku) Yes……1à Go to 1007 No……..2 à Continue 1006 How many times was (NAME) breastfeed yesterday during the day and at night? Kodi (DZINA) anayamwa kangati kuyambira dzulo tsiku lonse (masana ndi usiku? Number of times……. ___ ___ 7 Follow-up SURVEY FEEDING PRACTICES 1008 I would like to ask you about liquids that (NAME) may have had yesterday during the day or at night. I am interested in whether he/she had the item even if it was combined with other foods. Did (NAME) drink/eat any of the following yesterday during the day or at night? Pano ndikufuna ticheze zokhudza zakumwa zimene (DZINA) anamwa dzulo masana tsiku lonse kapena usiku wonse. Ndiri ndi chidwi kuti ndidziwe zakumwa zomwe anamwa ngakhale zitakhala kuti zinasakanizidwa ndi zakudya zina. Kodi (DZINA) anamwa zakumwa zomwe nditchulezi dzulo masana kapena usiku? READ OUT EACH ITEM TO THE RESPONDENT AND RECORD Yes No a. Vitamin or mineral supplements or medicines? Including a Multiple Micronutrient Powder (ndisakanizeni)? ENUMERATOR: This includes the Multiple Micronutrient Powder (ndisakanizeni), please probe Vitamin kapena michere yofunika m’thupi kapena mankhwala amtundu wina ulionse kuphatikizapo ufa wa ‘Ndisakanizeni’? 1 2 b. ORS? Nthanzi ORS? 1 2 c. Plain water? Madzi? 1 2 d. Infant formula? [IF YES], How many times yesterday during the day or night did (NAME) consume infant formula? Mkaka waufa wogula wa ana? Anamwa kangati (DZINA) dzulo usana kapena usiku? 1 2 ___ ___ e. Milk such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk? (IF YES), How many times yesterday during the day or night did (NAME) consume this milk? Mkaka wina uliwonse monga wa mu chitini, waufa, wamadzi ochokera ku ziweto? Anamwa kangati dzulo usana kapena usiku? 1 2 ___ ___ f. Juice or juice drinks? Zakumwa zochokera ku zipatso (juice)? 1 2 g. Clear broth? Nsuzi wa nyama yobwatitsa? 1 2 h. Yogurt? If Yes, How many times yesterday during the day or night did (NAME) consume this milk? Yogati/Yoggie? Anamwa kangati dzulo usana kapena usiku? 1 2 ___ ___ i. Thin porridge? Kaphala kamadzimadzi? 1 2 j. Tea? 1 2 k. Any other liquids? (SPECIFY________________________) Zakumwa zina? ndipo za mtundu wanji? (SPECIFY_________________________________) 1 2 8 Follow-up SURVEY 1009 Now I would like to ask you about the types of foods (NAME) ate yesterday during the day and at night. Did (NAME) eat any of the following foods yesterday during the day or at night? Pano ndikufuna ndidziwe mtundu wa zakudya zimene (DZINA) anadya dzulo usana ndi usiku. Kodi (DZINA) anadya zakudya izi? READ OUT EACH ITEM TO THE RESPONDENT AND RECORD Yes No a. Bread, rice, noodles, or other foods made from grains, including thick grain-based porridge? Buledi, mpunga kapena phala lolimbirapo? 1 2 b. Pumpkin, carrots, squash, or orange/yellow fleshed sweetpotatoes? Maungu, carrot, squash kapena mbatata yofiira mkati? 1 2 c. White fleshed sweetpotatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, or any other foods made from roots? Chinangwa, zilazi zoyera mkati, mbatata yoyera mkati kapena zakudya zina zochokera ku mitsitsi? 1 2 d. Any dark green leafy vegetables? Masamba obiriwira? 1 2 e. Ripe mangoes, ripe papayas? Mango akupsa, mapapaya akupsa? 1 2 f. Any other fruits or vegetables? Masamba a mtundu wina kapenso zipatso za mtundu wina? 1 2 g. Liver, kidney (imphsyo), heart (mtima) or other organ meats? Chiwindi cha nyama, imphsyo,mtima kapena za m’mimba? 1 2 h. Any meat, such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, or duck? Nyama ya mtundu wina uliwonse monga ng’ombe, nkhuku, nkhumba, nkhosa, bakha? 1 2 i. Eggs? Mazira? 1 2 j. Fresh or dried fish, shellfish, or seafood? Nsomba zawisi kapena zowuma, zina zochokera mnyanja? 1 2 k. Any foods made from beans, peas, lentils, or nuts? Nyemba, mtedza, khobwe, nsawawa, nseula, nandolo kapena zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera zinthu za gulu la mtedza? 1 2 l. a. Cheese, yogurt, or other milk products? Yoggie, kapena chakudya chochokera ku mkaka? 1 2 m. b. Any oil, fats, or butter, or foods made with any of these? Mafuta kapena zakudya zopangidwa kuchokela ku mafuta monga sitoko? 1 2 n. c. Any sugary foods such as chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries, cakes, or biscuits? Zakudya zotsekemera monga ma sweet, ma keke, ma bisiketi, madonasi? 1 2 o. d. Condiments for flavor, such as chilies, spices, herbs or fish powder? Zokometsera zakudya monga tsabola, kapena ma spice /curry? 1 2 p. Grubs, snails or insects? Mphalabungu, ngumbi, kapena ziwala? 1 2 q. Foods made with red palm oil, red palm nut, and red palm nut pulp sauce? Zakudya zopangidwa ndi mafuta akokonati? 1 2 r. Any other solid or semi-solid food? Chakudya chilichonse cholimbirapo 1 2 s. Salt? Mchere 1 2 9 Follow-up SURVEY 1010 How many times did (NAME) eat solid, semi-solid, or soft foods other than liquids yesterday? During the day and at night as meal or snacks? Kodi (DZINA) anadya kangati zakudya zolimba kapena zolimba pang’ono kapena zofewa kupatula za madzimadzi dzulo? Masana komanso usiku ngati chakudya chenicheni kapena zotolatola SMALL SNACKS AND SMALL FEEDS SUCH AS ONE OR TWO BITES OF MOTHER’S OR SIBLING’S FOOD SHOULD NOT BE COUNTED. Number of times………….…… ___ ___ Don’t know ………………………98 None ……………………………..97 1011 CHECK Q.112a: FOR ANOTHER CHILD BELOW 5 YEARS ◻ YES ⇨ ANOTHER CHILD MODULE ◻ NO ⇨ BOOK RESPONDENT FOR ANTHROPOMETIC SESSION FOR ALL CHILDREN AGES 0-5 MODULE 11: ANTHROPOMETRY 1101 CHECK Q101: COPY LINE NUMBER AND NAME OF CHILD LINE NO………………………… ___ ___ Name: _______________________ 1102 CHECK Q705: COPY AGE OF CHILD AGE IN MONTHS…………… ___ ___ 1103 WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS WEIGHT IN KGs……… ___ ___ . ___ 1104 CHILD UNDER TWO YEARS (6-23 MONTHS) LENGTH (LYING DOWN POSITION) 1. LENGTH IN CMs…. ___ ___ ___ . ___ CHILD TWO YEARS OR ABOVE (24-59 MONTHS) HEIGHT (STANDING POSITION) 2. HEIGHT IN CMs.…. ___ ___ ___ . ___ 1105 PRESENCE OF OEDEMA Yes……………………………………1 No…………………………………….2 1106 RESULT OF MEASUREMENT Measured both ht & wt……………..1 Measured only one (ht or wt)……...2 Child not present……………………3 Refused……………………………...4 Other (SPECIFY)______________96 1107 CHECK Q.112a: FOR ANOTHER CHILD BELOW 5 YEARS ◻ YES ⇨ TAKE MEASUREMENTS ◻ NO ⇨ END (THANK THE RESPONDENT) CHECK THAT ALL THE QUESTIONS HAVE BEEN ANSWERED BEFORE LEAVING THE HOUSEHOLD. THANK THE RESPONDENT FOR HIS/HER TIME. ASK IF THEY HAVE ANY QUESTIONS AND ANSWER THEM POLITELY BUT WITHOUT RAISING EXPECTATIONS OR MAKING PROMISES. 1 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 ERIE Follow-up Survey: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE - CHICHEWA COMPLETE THE QUESTIONNAIRE WITH THE HEAD OF HH AND/OR A MEMBER RESPONSIBLE FOR HH DECISIONS DID THE RESPONDENT CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE? Yes (1) |____| ZIKOMO & Continue No (2) |____| End (contact the supervisor) VILL1 Has the name of this village changed since 2013? Yes………………..1 à Go To VILL2 No…………………2 à Continue Don’t know……...98 à Continue Refused…………99 à Continue VILL2. If so, what is its name? ___________________________ MODULE 0: HOUSEHOLD IDENTIFICATION AND INTERVIEW SUMMARY District name: _______________________________________ CODE: |____|____|____| Traditional Authority name: ___________________________ CODE: |____|____|____| Group Village Headman name: _________________________ Village name: _______________________________________ CODE: |____|____| Name of household head: _____________________________ CODE: |____|____|____| Date of interview: |____|____||____|____||_1_|_8_| Start Time: ____ ____: _____ _____ (24-hour clock) D D M M Y Y Enumerator (Name) ___________________________________ CODE: |____|____|____| (WACO ID) TO BE COMPLETED AFTER INTERVIEW HAS BEEN DONE Name of respondent: ________________________________ CODE: |____|____|____| (Line number from Q101) No. of members in the HH : |____|____|____| No. of children aged 0-59 months in the HH : |____|____|____| Latitude: S | ___| ___|. | ___| ___| ___| ___|____|° Longitude: E |___| ___| ___| . |___| ___| ___| ___|___|° Is questionnaire complete? Yes |____| No |____| Name of supervisor: __________________ |____|____| Date checked |____|____||____|____||_1_|_8_| D D M M Y Y Supervisor’s Signature: ____________________________ CODE: |____|____|____| Data entry clerk 1: ______________________ CODE |____| Date of data entry |____|____||____|____||_1_|_8_| D D M M Y Y Data entry clerk 2: ______________________ CODE |____| Date of data entry |____|____||____|____||_1_|_8_| D D M M Y Y Enumerator General Codes: 95 = No other answer 96 = Other 97 = None 98 = Don’t know 99 = Refused 2 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 1: DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC HOUSEHOLD PROFILE Please tell me the name of each person who usually lives here, starting with the head of the HH. FIRST LIST ALL THE NAMES IN “Q102. NAME OF THE HHH” COLUMN BELOW, WITH HEAD OF THE HH IN LINE 01. THEN ASK: Are there any others who live here, even if they are not at home now, e.g. children in school/boarding/hostel or adults at work? IF YES, LIST THEIR NAMES IN Q102 BELOW. Tsopano ndiuzeni maina a anthu onse omwe amakhala pano kuyambira ndi dzina la mutu wa banja lino. FIRST LIST ALL THE NAMES IN “Q102. NAME” COLUMN BELOW, WITH HEAD OF THE HH IN LINE 01. THEN ASK: Kodi pali anthu enanso amene amakhala pakhomo pano amene panopa kulibe ngakhale amene ali kusukulu/sukulu zogonera komweko kapena a msinkhu oti ali kogwira ntchito? IF YES, LIST THEIR NAMES IN Q102 BELOW. THEN FOR EACH PERSON AT A TIME, ASK QUESTIONS STARTING WITH Q104 THROUGH Q111. 101. Line No 102. LIST THE NAMES STARTING WITH HEAD OF THE HOUSEHOLD 103. Is (NAME) male or female? (DZINA) ndi wa mwamuna kapena wa mkazi? 104. What is the relationship of (NAME) with the HHH? Kodi (DZINA) ndi ndani wake wa mutu wa banja lino? 105. How old is (NAME)? Nanga (DZINA) ali ndi zaka zingati zakubadwa? IF MORE THAN 12 YRS IF LESS THAN 18 YEARS 106. What is the current marital status of (NAME)? Kodi (DZINA) ndi wokwatiwa/ wokwatira kapena ayi? 107. Is (NAME’s) biological father alive? Kodi bambo omubeleka (DZINA) ali moyo? 108. Is (NAME’s) biological mother alive? Kodi mayi omubeleka (DZINA) ali moyo? REFER HEALTH PASSPORT OR AGE CALENDER WRITE AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. 95 IF 95+ YRS DK = 98 Line Name M F Code Age Code Y N DK Y N DK 01 1 2 1 __ __ __ 1 2 98 1 2 98 02 1 2 __ __ __ __ 1 2 98 1 2 98 03 1 2 __ __ __ __ 1 2 98 1 2 98 04 1 2 __ __ __ __ 1 2 98 1 2 98 05 1 2 __ __ __ __ 1 2 98 1 2 98 06 1 2 __ __ __ __ 1 2 98 1 2 98 07 1 2 __ __ __ __ 1 2 98 1 2 98 08 1 2 __ __ __ __ 1 2 98 1 2 98 09 1 2 __ __ __ __ 1 2 98 1 2 98 109a. NUMBER OF CHILDREN BELOW 5 YEARS (Q.105) 109b. NUMBER OF CHILDREN AGE 5-9 YEARS (Q.103 and Q.105) 109c. NUMBER OF WOMEN AGE 15-49 YEARS (Q.103 and Q.105) CODES FOR Q.104 Head of the HH = 1 Grandchild = 5 Spouse = 2 Grandparent = 6 Child = 3 Other = 96 Parent = 4 CODES FOR Q.106 Monogamous married or Separated = 3 Non-formal union = 1 Divorced = 4 Polygamous married or Widow or widower = 5 Non-formal union = 2 Never married = 6 3 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 1A: HEALTH Line No. For 0-12 year olds 110. During the past 2 weeks has [NAME] suffered from an illness or injury? Masabata awiri apitawa (DZINA) anadwalap o kapena kuvulala? If Noà Next 111. What was the illness or injury? Kodi (DZINA) anadwala matenda anji kapena anavulala chiyani? 112. Who diagnosed the illness? Kodi ndi ndani anafotokoza zomwe (DZINA) amadwala? 113. What action did you take to find relief for [NAME] illness? Kodi (DZINA) anapanga chiyani kuti athandizike ku matenda akewo? 114. During the past 2 weeks, for how many days did [NAME] have to stop their normal activities because of this (these) illness(es)? Masabata awiri apitawa, ndi masiku angati omwe (DZINA) anasiya ntchito zake chifukwa cha matendawa? IF NONE, RECORD ZERO AND à Q115 115. During the past 2 weeks, for how many days did anyone else in the household have to stop their normal activities to care for [NAME]? Masabata awiri apitawa, ndi masiku angati amene wina aliyense wapakhomo pano anasiya ntchito zake kuti asamalile [DZINA]? IF NONE, RECORD 0 1. Fever, malaria 2. Diarrhea 3. Stomach ache 4. Vomiting 5. Sore throat 6. Upper respiratory (sinuses) 7. Lower respiratory (chest, lungs) 8. Flu 9. Asthma 10. Headache 11. Fainting 12. Skin problem 13. Dental problem 14. Eye problem 15. Ear/nose/throat 16. Backache 17. Heart problem 18. Blood pressure 19. Pain when passing urine 20. Diabetes 21. Mental disorder 22. TB 23. Sexual transmitted disease 24. Burn 25. Fracture 26. Wound 27. Poisoning 28. Pregnancy 29. Unspecified long-term illness 96. Other (specify) 1. Medical worker (doctor, clinical officer, nurse) at hospital 2. Medical worker at other health facility 3. Health surveillance assistant 4. Traditional healer 5. Non-HH member (not medical) 6. Self 7. Other HH member 96. Other (specify):______________ 1. Did nothing, not serious 2. Did nothing, no money 3. Used medicine had in stock 4. Personally known remedies 5. Sought treatment at govt. health facility 6. Sought treatment at church/mission facility 7. Private health facility 8. Surveillance assistant 9. Went to local pharmacy 10. Went to local grocery for medice 11. Sought treatment with traditional healer 12. Sought treatment with faith healer Line Y N Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 1 Problem 2 Days Days 01 1 2 __ __ __ ___ __ __ 02 1 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ 03 1 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ 04 1 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ 05 1 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ 06 1 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ 07 1 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ 08 1 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ 09 1 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ 4 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 1B: EDUCATION Line No. For 4-12 year olds 116. Is [NAME] able to read and write in the following languages Kodi (DZINA) amatha kuwerenga ndi kulemba mu ziyankhulo zotsatilazi? 1. Yes 2. No 117. Did [NAME] ever attended school? Kodi (DZINA) anaphunzir apo sukulu? Yà Q119 N à Q118 118. What was the reason [NAME] never attended school? Chifukwa chiyani (DZINA) sanaphunzirepo sukulu? LIST UP TO 2 REASONS 119. What class is [NAME] in or what was the highest class level [NAME] ever attended? Kodi pakali pano (DZINA) ali kalasi yanji kapena kalasi lalikulu lomwe analekera ndi liti? 120. What is the highest educational qualification [NAME] have acquired? Kodi pepala lalikulu la maphunziro lomwe (DZINA) anapeza ndi liti? 121. How old was [NAME] when she/he started school? Kodi (DZINA) anali ndi zaka zingati pomwe amayamb a sukulu? 122. Did [NAME] attend school in the last completed academic year? Kodi (DZINA) anali pasukulu chaka cha maphunziro chapitachi? 1. Still too young to attend school 2. No money for fees, uniform 3. Poor quality of schools 4. Illness or disability 5. Not interested, lazy 6. Parents did not let them 7. Had to work or help at home 8. School too far from home 9. School conflict with bliefs 96. Other (specify): ____________ à THEN NEXT PERSON 0. Nursery/pre￾school PRIMARY 1. Stnd. 1 2. Stnd 2 3. Stnd 3 4. Stnd 4 5. Stnd 5 6. Stnd 6 7. Stnd 7 8. Stnd 8 SECONDARY 9. Form 1 10. Form 2 11. Form 3 12. Form 4 13. Form 5 14. Form 6 UNIVERSITY 15. Univ 1 16. Univ 2 17. Univ 3 18. Univ 4 19. Univ 5 & above TRAINING COLLEGE 20. Tc Yr 1 21. Tc Yr 2 22. Tc Yr 3 23. Tc Yr 4 24. Adult informal education 1. None 2. PSLC 3. JCE 4. MSCE 5. Non-Univ diploma 6. Univer. Diploma degree 7. Post-grad degree Line Chichewa English Y N 1st Reason 2nd Reason Class Years Y N 01 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 02 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 03 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 04 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 05 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 06 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 07 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 08 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 09 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 5 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 # QUESTION AND FILTER RESPONSE CODES ANSWER 123 RESPONDENT’S NAME AND LINE NUMBER Name: ___________________________ Line No (from Q101):...........____ ____ 124 CHECK Q.109c: THE HH HAS WOMAN AGED 15-49 YEARS ¨ YES ð CONTINUE Q.125 ¨ NO ð Q.126 125 Is any woman of this household pregnant now? Kodi pakhomo pano pali mayi woyembekezera? Yes.........................................…….1 No ..........................................…….2 126 What are the various sources of income or livelihood of your household? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Kodi ndi njira zanji zomwe khomo lino limatsata zopezera ndalama kapena zosoweka zanu? PROBE: Palinso ina? Palinso ina? MULTIPLE RESPONSE POSSIBLE Crop farming...................................1 Fish farming....................................2 Livestock farming ............................3 Ganyu/daily labor/piece work...........4 Salaried employment/job .................5 Business.........................................6 Foreign remittances ........................7 Pension………………………………. 8 Other (SPECIFY)______________.96 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 127 Which of the above is your major source of livelihood or income? Ndi njira iti mwa njira mwatchulazi yomwe mumayidalira kwambiri? MAJOR INCOME CODE…………… ___ (RECORD FROM Q.126) 6 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 Ask about each option 128. 129. 130. 131. Over the past 12 months, which of the following sources did your household use for food or income? Miyezi khumi ndi iwiri (12) yapitayi, kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe khomo lanu linagwiritsa ntchito kuti mupeze chakudya kapena ndalama? Y N Rank these sources based on the proportion of food/income they provide for the household. 1 - The most food/income in the last 12 months, 2 - The source that provides the second most food/income and so on until the number of sources identified in Q128 is reached. Ikani pa mulingo njira zimenezi potengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapena ndalama zomwe zimabweretsa pakhomo panu. Which of these food/income sources are seasonal and which season? Kodi mwa njira zimenezi zopezera chakudya kapena ndalama, ndi ziti zomwe zimatengera nyengo ya chaka ndipo nyengo yake ndi iti? DRY SEASON …. 1 WET SEASON …. 2 YEAR-ROUND …. 3 Rank the sources based on the proportion of food/income you provide for the household that you only rely on during times of stress during the last 3 years? (see Q129 for answer choices). [These might include new sources of income, rank new and old together accordingly] Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe mumadalila nthawi ya mavuto/zinthu zikathina? [Izi zikhoza kuphatikiza njira zatsopano zopezera ndalama, ikani pa mlingo njira za tsopano ndi za kale zonse pamodzi] a. Farming/Crop production and sales Ulimi wa mbewu ndi zogulitsa zake 1 2 b. Livestock production and sales Ulimi wa ziweto ndi zogulitsa zake 1 2 c. Wage labor or salaried (local) Ntchito yolandira malipiro a pamwezi 1 2 d. Fishing / Usodzi 1 2 e. Wild foods for household consumption Zipatso za mtchire zokudya pakhomo 1 2 f. Other self-employment/own business Ntchito yodzilemba wekha/bizinesi yako 1 2 g. Sale of land/other non-livestock assets Kugulitsa malo kapena zinthu zina osati ziweto 1 2 h. Remittances Ndalama zotumizilidwa ndi wachibale 1 2 i. Gifts/inheritance / Mphatso kapena chuma cha masiye 1 2 j. Borrowing / Ngongole/kubwereka 1 2 k. Barter trade / Malonda osinthana zinthu 1 2 l. Relief / Zolandila kukagwa mavuto 1 2 m. Sale of wild/bush products (including charcoal) Zogulitsa za mthengo monga ngati makala 1 2 n. Raiding / Kulanda za eni 1 2 o. Mining on public land / Ntchito za migodi pa malo a boma 1 2 p. Daily labor/piece work/ Ganyu 1 2 96. Other ) (SPECIFY):______________________ 1 2 7 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 132 Do you or any other member of this household own or rent or borrow any land that can be used for agriculture from November 2017 to October 2018? Kodi inu kapena wina aliyense pakhomo pano ali ndi malo akeake kapena malo obwereka olimapo? Yes……...1 à Continue No……….2 à Go to Q136 133 How many acres/hectares of agricultural land do all members of this household own or rent or borrow from November 2017 to October 2018? Kodi anthu apakhomo pano ali ndi malo akulu bwanji olimapo, awoawo kapena obwereka, mukaphatikiza onse pamodzi kuchokera mwezi wa November 2017 kufikira October, 2018? IF REPORTED IN LOCAL MEASURE USE CONVERSION TABLE AND RECORD IN 2 DECIMAL PLACES. IF UNKNOWN RECORD 98 IN FIRST TWO BOXES Acres………1 ___ ___. ___ ___ (OR) Hectares….2 ___ ___. ___ ___ IF < 0.01 RECORD “00.01” 134 Is any portion of this agriculture land irrigable? Kodi malo aulimi amenewa aliko ndi gawo loti nkuchita ulimi wothilira? Yes……..1 àContinue No………2 à Go to Q136 DK…….98 à Go to Q136 135 How many acres/hectares of this land irrigable? Nanga malo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ulimi wanthirirawo ndi akulu bwanji? IF REPORTED IN LOCAL MEASURE USE CONVERSION TABLE AND RECORD IN 2 DECIMAL PLACES. IF UNKNOWN RECORD 98 IN FIRST TWO BOXES Acres………1 ___ ___. ___ ___ (OR) Hectares….2 ___ ___. ___ ___ IF < 0.01 RECORD “00.01” 136 Did anyone in your household cultivate a dimba garden during this/last completed dry season, i.e., April/May-Nov. 2018? Kodi alipo pakhomo pano amene analima kudimba nyengo ya chilimwe ino/yathayi i.e., April/May￾November 2018? Yes ................................................ 1 No.................................................. 2 137 Now I would like to ask a few questions about your home. Tsopano ndikufuna kudziwa zina zokhudza pakhomo panu pano ndi nyumba yanuyi How many separate rooms do the members of your household occupy, not including bathrooms, toilets, storerooms, and garages? Kodi nyumba yanuyi ili ndi zipinda zingati zomwe anthu okhala pakhomo pano amagwiritsa nchito, kupatula bafa, chimbudzi, zipinda zosungiramo katundu? Number of rooms…….… ___ ___ 138A THE FLOOR OF THE MAIN DWELLING IS PREDOMINANTLY MADE OF WHAT MATERIAL? [OBSERVE AND RECORD] Sand.......................................…….1 Smoothed mud........................…….2 Smooth cement .............................. 3 Wood............................................. 4 Tile ................................................ 5 Other (SPECIFY______________)...96 8 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 138B THE ROOF OF THE MAIN DWELLING IS PREDOMINANTLY MADE OF WHAT MATERIAL? [OBSERVE AND RECORD. IF NOT POSSIBLE OR UNSURE, ASK] No roof..........................................01 Thatch/grass/bamboo/palm leaf ....02 Rustic mat.....................................03 Wood planks .................................05 Cardboard.....................................06 Iron sheets ....................................07 Wood............................................08 Calamine/cement fiber...................09 Ceramic tiles .................................10 Cement .........................................11 Roofing shingles............................12 Other (SPECIFY_________________) ...96 138C In what type of shelter does the respondent live? Kodi nyumba imene akukhalamo ndi yamtundu wanji? [OBSERVE AND RECORD. IF NOT POSSIBLE OR UNSURE, ASK] Non-traditional/formal house……….1 Traditional house/hut………………...2 Temporary structure/shack………….3 Flat in a block of flats………………...4 Single room in a larger dwelling structure or backyard…………….......5 Hostel in an industrial compound or farming compound……………………6 Other (SPECIFY______________)...96 139 What kind of toilet facility do most members of your household usually use? Kodi anthu ambiri a pa khomo pano amagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi chanji? [OBSERVE AND RECORD] IF ANSWER IS 5, GO TO Q143, OTHERWISE CONTINUE Flush toilet ..................................... 1 Ventilated improved latrine.............. 2 Traditional latrine with roof.............. 3 Traditional latrine without roof ......... 4 No facility/bush /field..................... 5 à GO TO Q143 Other (SPECIFY______________)...96 140 Do you share this facility with other households? Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi chimenechi ndi mabanja ena? Yes……..1 à Continue No………2 à Go to Q142 141 How many households share this facility? Kodi ndi mabanja angati omwe amagwiritsa nawo ntchito chimbudzi chimenechi? NUMBER OF HHS….……… ___ ___ RECORD ‘10’ IF ≥ 10 HHs 142 Do you have a hand-washing facility outside the toilet? Kodi muli ndi malo osambira mmanja kunja kwa chimbudzi chimenechi? ASK PERMISSION & OBSERVE THE FACILITY Seen the facility filled with water.......1 Seen the facility but no water...........2 Not seen .........................................3 No facility ........................................4 143 Does your household have a special place for hand washing? Kodi banja lino lili ndi malo omwe anakhazikitsidwa kuti ndi osambirapo m’manja? ASK PERMISSION & OBSERVE THE FACILITY Yes .................................................1 No...................................................2 144 Do you have electricity working in your dwelling? Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito magetsi panyumba panu pano? Yes ................................................ 1 No.................................................. 2 9 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 145 Now I would like to ask you about a few household items that members of your household may own. As I read the list please tell me ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Tsopano ndikufuna kudziwa katundu wina yemwe anthu apakhomo pano alinaye. Chonde ndikatchula chinthu mundiuze kuti ‘eya chilipo‘ kapena ‘ayi palibe’ Yes No a. Bed Bedi kapena kuti kama 1 2 b. Table Tebulo 1 2 c. Iron for pressing clothes Iron kapena kuti simbi yositira 1 2 d. Tape player, CD player or HiFi Wailesi ya makaseti kapena ma CD 1 2 e. Radio Wailesi yantundu wina 1 2 f. Bicycle Njinga yakapalasa 1 2 g. Mobile phone selophoni (foni yam’manja) 1 2 h. Bed Net neti ya udzudzu 1 2 146 Now I would like to ask you about the livestock your household owns. As I read the list please tell me how many of each of the following livestock does your household owns. Tsopano ndikufuna ndidziwe ziweto zomwe muli nazo pakhomo pano. Ndikatchula mundiuze kuchuluka kwa ziwetozo. IF THE HH DOES NOT OWN THAT LIVESTOCK RECORD ‘00’. IF MORE THAN 95, RECORD 95. Livestock type Quantity a. Improved dairy cow Ng’ombe za mkaka za makono / zachizungu b. Improved beef cattle Ng’ombe za nyama za makono / zachizungu c. Other local cattle Ng’ombe d. Oxen Ng’ombe zolima e. Sheep Nkhosa f. Improved Goats Mbuzi zamakono/zachizungu g. Local Goats Mbuzi h. Donkeys Abulu i. Local chicken Nkhuku zamakolo j. Other chicken Nkhuku zachizungu (kuphatikiza za Mikolongwe) k. Guineafowl Nkhanga l. Improved pig Nkhumba zamakono/zachizungu m. Local pig Nkhumba n. Rabbits Akalulu o. Fish ponds (that have fish in them) Damu la nsomba, (loti lili ndi nsomba) p. Other (SPECIFY)___________________________ 147 CHECK Q.146a to Q.146p: All ‘00’ ¨ ð CONTINUE Q.148 ELSE ¨ ð Q.150 148 Has any member of your household raised or owned livestock or poultry during the past 12 months? Yes…….1 à Continue No……...2 à Go to Q200 10 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 Kodi alipo munthu wina aliyense pakhomo pano yemwe anali ndi ziweto kuphatikizapo ziweto za mtundu wa mbalame miyezi khumi ndi iwiri (12) yapitayi? 149 During the last twelve months, has any member of your household raised or owned any goats? Nanga pa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri (12) yapitayi, alipo aliyense wapakhomo pano yemwe anawetapo mbuzi? Yes…….1 à Go to Q200 No……...2 à Go to Q200 150A How has the total value of your livestock holding changed as compared to 5 years ago? Poyerekeza pano ndi zaka zisanu zapitazo, kodi mukuona kuti ndalama zoti mungapeze mutagulisa ziweto zanu kwasintha motani/bwanji? Increased value……1 à Continue Stayed the same…..2 à Go to Q200 Decreased value…..3 à Go to Q200 Not applicable……...4 à Go to Q200 Don’t Know………..98 à Go to Q200 150B What are the reasons for value increase in your livestock holdings? PROBE: Any other reason? Any other reason? Ndalama zimene amapeza pa zaka zisanu zapitazo zasintha motani? [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] Access to credit/loans..................... 1 Increased availablility of livestock.... 2 Increase in prices of livestock.......... 3 Fewer livestock deaths from illness . 4 Fewer livestock used for food.......... 5 Fewer livestock sold at market ....... 6 Don’t know ................................... 98 Other(specify________________) 96 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 11 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 2A: AGRICULTURE (Irrigation/winter season) 200 Did you or any household member produce any crops during last irrigation/winter season (April/May-October/November 2018)? Kodi inu kapena wina aliyense pakhomo pano analima mbeu pogwiritsa ntchito ulimi wa nthilira chaka chatha nthawi ya chilimwe (April/May-October/November 2018)? LIST THE CROPS IN 201. THEN ASK FOR EACH CROP QUESTIONS 203 TO 210 **CROSS CHECK WITH Q136 AND INCLUDE DIMBA GARDEN CROPS** RESPONDENT’S NAME & LINE NUMBER (Q101) ____________________ ____ ____ Yes ....................................... 1 No......................................... 2 2 ð Q211 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 Sl. # IF YES IN Q200: Can you tell me the types of crops planted during last winter season? PROBE: Any other crop? Any other crop? Ndiuzeni mitundu ya mbeu zomwe munalima munthawi ya chilimwe cha 2017-2018 (Mar/Apri 2018- Oct/Nov 2017) CROP CODE (USE CODE SHEET) Inter/mix or single crop? Munaphati￾kiza mbeu kapena mbeu ya mtundu umodzi? 1=Single 2=Inter/Mix Used improved seed? Munagwirits a ntchito mbeu ya makono? Major source of seed Mbeu munazipez a bwanji / kapena kuti? Area planted (Kukula kwa malo omwe munadzalapo) IN ACRE WITH 2 DECIMAL PLACES Did you apply organic fertilizers for planting (__)? Kodi munaika manyowa mu (DZINA la mbeu)? 2 ðQ209 IF ‘Yes’ in Q207 What kinds of organic fertilizers were used for (__)? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Ndi mtundu wanji wa manyowa omwe munaika? [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] Did you apply any comercial fertilizers for (__)? Kodi munaika feteleza wamtundu ulionse mu (__)? Did you or any household member sell any (___)? Kodi inu kapena wina aliyense pakhomo pano anagulitsapo (__)? SL CROP CODE S I/M Y N CODE ACRE Y N 1 2 3 4 5 -96 Y N Y N 01 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 02 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 03 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 04 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 05 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 06 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 07 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 08 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 CODES FOR 205: 1. WALA/ PVO (including WALA, Project Concern International, Emmanuel International, Save the Children, Chickwawa Diocease, Total Land Care, Africare, World Vision) 2. Other NGOs/Government 3. Own seed 4. Purchased (Local market) 5. Purchased (Agro dealer) 6. Borrowed/given by other farmers /relatives/friends 7. Community Seed Bank 96. Other CODES FOR 208: 1. Livestock manure 2. Chicken manure 3. Fertilizer tree leaves 4. Organic mulch 5. Compost 96. Other 12 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 2B: AGRICULTURE (Rainfed Season) 211 Did you or any household member produce any crops during last rainfed season (November 2017 – March/April 2018)? Kodi inu kapena wina aliyense wa pa khomo pano analima mbeu mu nyengo ya dzinja yapitayi kuyambira November 2017 mpaka March/April 2018? LIST THE CROPS IN Q211. THEN ASK FOR EACH CROP QUESTIONS 213 TO 220 Yes ................................... 1 No..................................... 2 2 ð Go to Q221 211A 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 Sl. # IF YES IN 211A: Can you tell me the types of crops planted during the last rainfed season? PROBE: Any other crop? Ndiuzeni mitundu ya mbeu zomwe inu munalima munthawi ya dzinja ya 2017/18 (Nov 2017 - Mar/April 2018) CROP CODE (USE CODE SHEET) Inter/mix or single crop Munaphati￾kiza mbeu kapena mbeu ya mtundu umodzi? 1=Single 2=Inter/Mix Used improved seed? Munagwirits ntchito mbeu ya makono? Major source of seed? Mbeu munazipez a bwanji / kapena kuti? Area planted (Kukula kwa malo onwe munadzalapo) IN ACRE WITH 2 DECIMAL PLACES Did you apply organic fertilizers for planting (__)? Kodi munaika manyowa mu (DZINA la mbeu) 2 ð Q219 IF ‘Yes’ in Q217 What kinds of organic fertilizers were used for (__)? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Ndi mtundu wanji wa manyowa omwe munaika? [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] Did you apply any comercial fertilizers for (__)? Kodi munaika feteleza wamtundu ulionse mu (__)? Did you or any household member sell any (___)? Kodi inu kapena wina aliyense pakhomo pano anagulitsapo (__)? SL CROP CODE S I/M Y N CODE ACRE Y N 1 2 3 4 5 -96 Y N Y N 01 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 02 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 03 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 04 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 05 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 06 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 07 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 08 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 09 ___ ___ 1 2 1 2 ___ __ __ . __ __ 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 -96 1 2 1 2 CODES FOR 215: 1. WALA/ PVO (including WALA, Project Concern International, Emmanuel International, Save the Children, Chickwawa Diocease, Total Land Care, Africare, World Vision) 2. Other NGOs/Government 3. Own seed 4. Purchased (Local market) 5. Purchased (Agro dealer) 6. Borrowed/given by other farmers /relatives/friends 7. Community Seed Bank 96. Other CODES FOR 218: 1. Livestock manure 2. Chicken manure 3. Fertilizer tree leaves 4. Organic mulch 5. Compost 96. Other 13 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 # QUESTION AND FILTER RESPONSE CODES 221 200. CHECK Q201 AND Q211: HH PLANTED MAIZE IN IRRIGATION/WINTER OR RAINFED CROP SEASON ¨ YES, PLANTED MAIZE ð CONTINUE 221A ¨ NO ð Q235 221A Now I would like to talk to you about agriculture practices/technologies that you used in maize crops during last (2018) irrigation/winter season or in 2017/18 rainfed crop season. Tsopano ndikufuna tikambirane za njira za ulimi zomwe munatsata pa ulimi wanu wa chimanga m’nthawi ya chilimwe ya (2017) ndi dzinja ya 2017/18. QUALITY SEEDS 222 What was the major source of your maize seed? Kodi mbeu yanu ya chimanga munayipeza bwanji kapena kuti kwenikweni? **WALA/PVO INCLUDES PROJECT CONCERN INTERNATIONAL, EMMANUAL INTERNATIONAL, SAVE THE CHILDREN, CHICKWAWA DIOCESE, TOTAL LAND CARE, AFRICARE, WORLD VISION, CRS WALA/PVO...................................01 Other NGOs..................................02 Government..................................03 Own seed .....................................04 Purchased (Local market)..............05 Purchased (Agro dealer)................06 Borrowed/gifted/relatives ...............07 Community seed bank...................08 Other (SPECIFY)_______________.96 CROP ROTATION 223 Do you rotate your maize crop with another crop? Kodi mumasintha mbeu ya chimanga ndi mbeu ina pa munda wanu wa chimanga? Yes……..1 à Continue No………2 à Go to Q225 224 What crops did you rotate with your maize crop? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Ndi mbeu zanji munasintha ndi mbeu ya chimanga ? PROBE : Mbeu ina ? Mbeu ina ? MULTIPLE RESPONSES POSSIBLE Groundnuts.....................................1 Soybean .........................................2 Cowpea/pigeon pea ........................3 Dry beans or beans.........................4 Green peas.....................................5 Tobacco..........................................6 Others(SPECIFY)_______________96 ____ ____ ____ ____ 14 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 INTER-CROPPING Now I would like to talk about how you inter-crop your maize with other crops/ plant other crops within your maize crop. Tsopano ndikufuna tikambirane za momwe mumadzalira mbeu yanu ya chimanga mophatikiza ndi mbeu zina m’munda wanu wa chimanga. 225 What other crops do you grow within your maize crop field? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Ndi mbeu zina ziti zimene mumadzala m’munda limodzi ndi chimanga? PROBE: Mbeu ina? Mbeu ina? MULTIPLE RESPONSES POSSIBLE Beans ...........................................01 Green peas...................................02 Cow peas......................................03 Cassava .......................................04 Sweetpotatoes ..............................05 Sunflower......................................06 Pigeon peas..................................07 Groundnuts...................................08 Sorghum.......................................09 Potatoes .......................................10 Pumpkins......................................11 Others(SPECIFY)______________..96 None.............................................97 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 226 Have you shelled any of the maize you harvested this season? Kodi mwatonola/ mwasola chimanga chili chonse chomwe mwakolola nyengo ya ulimi yapitayi? Yes ……………1 à Continue No……………...2 à Go to Q231 227 How many household members were involved in shelling maize, and for how many days? Ndi anthu angati a khomo lanu lino amene anatonola/anasola nawo chimangacho, ndipo anatonola/anasola nawo masiku angati? ** Person days = number of people x number of days Person Days Men Women Children *U18 228 Did any non-household members assist with shelling the harvested maize? (friends, neighbors, groups/clubs – does NOT include ganyu) Kodi anthu ena anakuthandizani mosawalipira pa kutonola/kusola kwa chimanga munakololachi? (anzanu oyandikana nawo, magulu/makalabu koma osati aganyu) Yes …………………………………1 No…………………………………..2 229 Did you hire any paid labor to help shell the harvested maize? Munalembapo a ganyu olipidwa kukuthandizani kutonola/kusola chimanga? Yes ……………1 à Continue No……………...2 à Go to Q231 230 How much paid labor? Anali anthu angati komanso analipidwa ndalama zingati? Record both person days and total payment Person Days Total Payment Men Women Children *U18 231 Did you apply any pesticides to the stored maize? Kodi munathirapo mankhwala ophera tizilombo toononga mbeu ku chimanga mwasungachi? Yes …………….1 à Continue No……………...2 à Go to Q234 232 How much of the stored maize did you apply pesticides to? Kodi ndi chimanga chochuluka bwanji chomwe munasunga chomwe munathira mankhwala ophera tizilombo? Record both quantity and units. Use unit codes below: 1 – Kilograms 2- 50kg bags 3 – liters 96 – Other (specifcy) Quantity Units 233 How much in total did you spend on pesticides? Zonse pamodzi munagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zingati pogula mankhwala ophera tizilombowa? MWK 15 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 234 Have you sold any of the maize you harvested in 2018? Mwagulitsapo chimanga chilichonse chomwe mwakolola mchaka cha 2018? Yes …………………………………1 No…………………………………..2 FERTILIZER TREES Now I would like to talk about fertilizer trees. Tsopano ndikufuna tikambirane zokhudza mitengo yoonjezera chonde mnthaka 235 What fertilizer trees have you planted in your field(s)? PROBE: Any other? Any other? M’munda mwanu munadzala mitengo yanji yowonjezera chonde / chajira mu m’nthaka? PROBE: Palinso ina? Palinso ina? MULTIPLE RESPONSE POSSIBLE IF NONE GO TO Q237A, ELSE CONTINUE Tephrosia vogelli (Ombwe/ mthunthu/katupe) ............................1 Sesbania sesban (Jere jere)............2 Glircidia sepium(Gilisidia) ................3 Faidherbia albida (Nsangu)..............4 Others(SPECIFY)_______________96 None……………..97 à Go to Q237A ____ ____ ____ ____ 236 Why did you plant these trees? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Ndi chifukwa chiyani munadzala mitengo imeneyi ? PROBE: Palinso china? Palinso china? MULTIPLE RESPONSE POSSIBLE Planted after maize to Improve soil fertility .........................1 Planted with maize to improve nitrogen uptake and reduce competition between maize plants 2 Planted in order to use leaves to fertilize other crops such as maize and vegetables ............................3 Planted as a source of Food for farm animals .....................4 To avoid soil erosion .......................5 Others (SPECIFY)____________.....96 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ TILLAGE 237 How did you prepare your land for planting? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Kodi mmunda mwanu, munatsata ndondomeko yanji ya malimidwe pokonzekera kudzalanso mbeu yina? PROBE: Palinso china? Palinso china? MULTIPLE RESPONSE POSSIBLE Remove all of the previous crop stubble ....................................1 Leave all of the previous crop stubble in the field....................2 Plough the field once to turn stubble under..................................3 Plough and harrow the field until the seedbed is smooth and free of clods .................................4 Burn crop stubble in the field ...........5 Seed is planted in unplowed field.....6 Others (SPECIFY)______________.96 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 16 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 CONTOUR RIDGES OR BOX RIDGES OR GRADED BANDS Now I wouldlike us to talk about how ridge alignment is done in your field. Tsopano ndikufuna tikambirane za momwe mumakonzera mizere mmunda mwanu 238 Did you make soil ridges in your field(s)? Kodi m’munda mwanu munapanga mizele/nthumbira ? Yes……………1 à Continue No……………..2 à Go to Q242 239 How are the ridges laid out in your field(s)? Kodi mizeleyo kapena mitumbilayo m’munda mwanumo inalimidwa bwanji poyerekeza ndi kutsetsereka kwa malowo? Down the slope .............................. 1 Along the contour across the slope ........................................ 2 Small rectangles with long side of rectangle along the contour......... 3 Other (SPECIFY)_______________.96 240 Did you use box ridges in your field(s)? Kodi m’munda mwanu munapanga mizere ya ma bokosi? Yes……………1 à Continue No……………..2 à Go to Q242 241 What are the benefits of box ridges? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Kodi ubwino opanga mizère ya mabokosi m’munda ndi chani? PROBE: Pali ubwino wina? Pali ubwino wina? MULTIPLE RESPONSE POSSIBLE. DO NOT READ OUT OPTIONS. To prevent erosion.......................... 1 To retain water in the contour furrow to improve infiltration of water into the soil................................................. 2 To reduce weed infestations ........... 3 Others (SPECIFY)______________.96 No benefit .....................................97 ____ ____ ____ ____ VETIVER GRASS Now, I would like us to talk about vertiver grass. Tsopano ndikufuna tikambirane za udzu otchedwa vertivar 242 Have you planted vetiver grass in your fields? Kodi munadzala udzu wa vetiva m’munda mwanu? Yes……………1 à Continue No……………..2 à Go to Q244 243 Where specifically have you planted the vetiver in your field? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Kodi m’munda mwanu udzu wa vetiva munadzala malo otani? PROBE: Malo enanso? Malo enanso? MULTIPLE RESPONSE POSSIBLE On contour ridges ...........................1 On bunds........................................2 In gullies .........................................3 Around a fish pond..........................4 Around a shallow well......................5 Around a nursery ............................6 Others (SPECIFY)______________.96 ____ ____ ____ ____ 244 Do you utilize check dams? Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito maenje okololera madzi/madonga/matchinga? Yes.................................................1 No ..................................................2 245 Do you use water absorption trenches in your fields? Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito ngalande zokololera madzi m’munda mwanu/maswale? Yes.................................................1 No ..................................................2 246 Do you engage in beekeeping? Kodi mumapanga ulimi wa njuchi? Yes.................................................1 No ..................................................2 247 Do you use marker ridges in your fields? Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito mizère ya malire m’munda mwanu? Yes.................................................1 No ..................................................2 248 Do you use stone bunds in your fields? Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito milambala ya miyala m’munda mwanu? Yes.................................................1 No ..................................................2 17 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 249 Do you use countour trenches in your fields? Mumagwiritsa ntchito ngalande zotsatila mmene malo anakhalira m’munda mwanu? Yes.................................................1 No ..................................................2 MODULE 3: HOUSEHOLD RESILIENCE ASK THIS SECTION TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE HOUSEHOLD WHO IS PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR DECISIONS IN SHOCKS AND STRESSES. # QUESTION AND FILTER RESPONSE CODES 300 RESPONDENT’S NAME AND LINE NUMBER Name: ___________________________ Line No (from Q101): ...........____ ____ 301 Now I would like to discuss with you about any shocks or stresses that your HH may have experienced in the past 3 years. Has your household experienced any shocks or stresses in past year? Tsopano Ndikufuna kucheza nanu za ngozi kapena mavuto ogwa mwa dzidzidzi zomwe zakuchitikirani zaka zitatu zapitazi monga ng’amba, kusefukila kwa madzi, mphepo ya nkuntho, tizilombo towononga mbewu, zivomelezi ndi zina. Kodi banja lanu linakhudzidwapo ndi ngozi kapena mavuto ngati amenewa chaka chapitachi? Yes……………………………...1 à Continue No……………………………….2 à Go to Q305A 18 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 302 What kind of shocks and stresses did your household experience in past 3 years? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Banja lanu linakhudzidwa ndi mavuto ati ogwa mwadzidzidzi / zipsinjo okhudzana ndi umoyo wa munthu pa zaka zitatuzomwe zapitazi? PROBE: Mavuto ena? Mavuto ena? [MULTIPLE RESPONSE POSSIBLE] Drought ...................................................... 01 Irregular rains ............................................. 02 Floods ........................................................ 03 Landslides ................................................. 04 Earthquakes ............................................... 05 Unusually high level of crop pests or disease................................... 06 Unusually high level of livestock disease.................................... 07 Unusually low prices for agricultural output................................... 08 Unusually high costs of agricultural inputs................................... 09 Unusually high prices for food ..................... 10 Break-up of the household .......................... 11 End of Regular Assistance/Aid/Remittances From Outside Household .................................... 12 Reduction in the earnings from household (non￾agricultural) business (not due to illness or accident)..................................................... 13 Household (non-agricultural) business failure (not due to illness or accident)............................ 14 Reduction in the earnings of currently salaried household member(s) (not due to illness or accident)..................................................... 15 Loss of employment of previously salaried household member(s) (not due to illness or accident)..................................................... 16 Serious illness or accident of household member(s).................................................. 17 Birth in the household ................................. 18 Death of income earner(s)........................... 19 Death of other household............................ 20 Theft of money/valuables/assets/agricultural output......................................................... 21 Conflict/Violence......................................... 22 Others(SPECIFY)____________________.... 96 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 19 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 303A During these shocks and stresses what were your coping mechanisms? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Pa nthawi ya mavuto ngati imeneyi munachita chiyani kuti mavutowo achepe/muthane nawo? PROBE: Palinso china? Palinso china? MULTIPLE RESPONSES POSSIBLE SKIP PATTERN 10 à CONTINUE TO Q303B 15 à CONTINUE TO Q303B 02 à GO TO Q303E 03 à GO TO Q303E 04 à GO TO Q303E 05 à GO TO Q303E 06 à GO TO Q303E 07 à GO TO Q303E 16 à GO TO Q303E 17 à GO TO Q303E 18 à GO TO Q303E ALL ELSE, GO TO 304ª Piece work (Ganyu) .................................... 01 Distress sells: livestock ............................... 02 Distress sells: HH utensils or furniture ......... 03 Distress sells: House or parts of house........ 04 Distress sells: Farming tools........................ 05 Distress sells: Land..................................... 06 Distress sells: Food stock............................ 07 Reduce number of meals ............................ 08 Eat undesired food...................................... 09 Seek/borrow from Relatives ........................ 10 Borrow from other sources e.g. katapila…….11 Send children out to beg ............................. 12 Sell fire wood/charcoal................................ 13 Food aid ..................................................... 14 Rely/lean on other households for financial or in-kind food support……………………………15 Distress sells: small livestock…………………16 Distress sells: phone………………………….17 Distress sells: bicycle………………………….18 Restrict food…………………………………….19 Change to less preferred and less expensive food………………………………………………20 Send children to eat with neighbors………….21 Purchase food on credit……………………….22 Gather wild food/hunt………………………….23 Consume seed stock held for next season….24 Limit portion sizes at meal times…………….25 Restrict adult consumption……………………26 Feed working members first………………….27 Skip days without eating………………………28 Others(SPECIFY)____________________.... 96 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 303B [IF RESPONDENT SELECTED 10 OR 15 IN 303A ASK]: Which of the following types of househlds did you rely/lean on for money or food? Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya makomo omwe nditchulewa omwe munadalira kuti mupeze ndalama kapena chakudya? READ TO THE RESPONDENT AND MARK ALL THAT APPLY Achibale ammudzi kapena dela lomwe lino…………...1 Achibale okhala kunja kwa mudzi kapena kunja kwa dela lino…....2 Anthu oti si achibale ammudzi kapena dela lomwe lino……….3 Anthu oti si achibale osakhala mmudzi kapena dela lino………….4 Anthu oti si achibale kapena amtundu wanga…………..5 20 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 303C [IF RESPONDENT SELECTED 10 OR 15 IN 303A ASK]: Why did these households allow you to rely/lean on them for money or food support? Chifukwa chiyani makomo amenewa anakulorani kuti muwadalile kuti mupeze ndalama kapena chakudya? DO NOT READ ALOUD AND MARK ALL THAT APPLY It is their obligation…………………………….1 They lean/rely on my household when they need support…………………………………..2 Other(specify)…………………………………96 303D [IF RESPONDENT SELECTED 10 OR 15 IN 303A ASK]: Will you be able to rely/lean on these same or other households for money or food support during the next drought or during other times of need/stress in the future? Kodi mudzadaliranso makomo omwewa kapena ena kuti mupeze ndalama kapena chakudya ngati kungakhale ng’amba kapena mavuto ena akudza mwadzidzidzi mtsogolo muno? Yes…………………………………………….1 No……………………………………………..2 4 0 $ 0 303E [IF RESPONDENT SELECTED 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 16, 17, OR 18 IN 303A ASK]: Which of the following statements best describes the extent of which your household has been able to recover/repurchase those assets back? Kodi ndi chiganizo chiti mwa ziganizo zomwe ndiwerengezi chomwe chikufotokoza bwino momwe khomo lanu lakwaniritsira kubwezeretsa katundu wanu? Sindinakwanitse kubwezeretsa kapena kugula………….1 Ndinakwanitsa kubwezeretsa kapena kugula wina mwa katundu amene anagulitsidwa……………………2 Ndinakwanitsa kubwezeretsa kapena kugulanso katundu yense amene anagulitsidwa……………3 304A When did you experience the most recent shock or stress? ENUMERATOR: ask for months Kodi ndi liti lomwe khomo lanu lakumana ndi mavuto adzidzidzi komaliza? 0-3 month ago ............................................ 1 4-6 month ago ............................................ 2 7-12 month ago........................................... 3 13-18 months ago....................................... 4 18+ months ago.......................................... 5 Can’t remember.......................................... 8 304B Which of the following statements best describes the extent to which you and your household have been able to recover from the last shock? Kodi ndi chiganizo chiti mwa ziganizo zomwe ndiwerengezi zomwe zikufotokoza bwino momwe khomo lanu lakwaniritsira kubwezeretsa zinthu mchimake ku mavuto adzidzidzi omwe khomo lanu lino lakumana nalo kotsiriza Sindinazitolere………………………………...1 Ndinazitolera pang'ono koma sizili ngati kale…………………………………………….2 Ndinazitolera kufikira momwe zinalili kale ……...………………………………………....3 Ndinazitolera ndipo zinthu ziliko bwino……………………..…………………....4 Sindinakhudzidwe..……………………………5 21 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 305A What is your household’s shock preparedness relative to its preparedness 10 years ago (2008)? Ndinu okonzekera bwanji ku ngozi/ mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi poyerekeza ndi zaka khumi zapitazo (2008)? Kodi khomo lanu ndi lokonzekera bwanji pofuna kuthana/kudziteteza ku ngozi/mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi a mtundu wina ulionse? More prepared than 10 years ago………………………….1 à Continue No Change………………...2 à Go to Q306A Less prepared than 10 years ago………………3 à Go to Q306A Can’t say…………………..98 à Go to Q306A Respondent not part of current household 10 years ago…………………..97 à Go to Q306A 305B What has better prepared your household? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Ndi zinthu ziti kapena njira zanji zimene zikukupangitsani kuti khomo lanu likhale lokonzeka kwambiri? PROBE: Palinso china? Palinso china? [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] Increased savings....................................... 1 Increased hh assets.................................... 2 Better weather patterns............................... 3 Increased household income....................... 4 Community early warning system................ 5 Improved infrastructure ............................... 6 Donor/NGO support .................................... 7 Governmen support .................................... 8 Improved family member health................... 9 Other(specify______________________) ... 96 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 306A What is your household’s shock preparedness relative to its preparedness 5 years ago (2013)? Ndinu okonzekera bwanji ku ngozi/ mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi poyerekeza ndi zaka zisanu zapitazo (2013)? Kodi khomo lanu ndi lokonzekera bwanji pofuna kuthana/kudziteteza ku ngozi/mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi a mtundu wina ulionse? More prepared than 5 years ago…………………………..1 à Continue No Change………………….2 à Go to Q307A Less prepared than 5 years ago…………………3 à Go to Q307A Can’t say……………………98 à Go to Q307A Respondent not part of current household 5 years ago…………………..97 à Go to Q307A 306B What has better prepared your household? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Ndi zinthu ziti kapena njira zanji zimene zikukupangitsani kuti khomo lanu likhale lokonzekera kwambiri? PROBE: Palinso china? Palinso china? [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] Increased savings....................................... 1 Increased hh assets.................................... 2 Better weather patterns............................... 3 Increased household income....................... 4 Community early warning system................ 5 Improved infrastructure ............................... 6 Donor/NGO support .................................... 7 Government support ................................... 8 Improved family member health................... 9 Other(specify______________________) ... 96 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 307A Over the past 12 months, has your household changed income or food sources in order to cope with future periods of stress? Miyezi khumi ndi iwiri yapitayi, kodi khomo lanu lasintha njira zopezera ndalama kapena chakudya ndi cholinga chofuna kuthana ndi mavuto amene angadze mtsogolo? Yes………………………1 à Go to Q307B No………………………..2 à Go to 308 22 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 307B If yes, what changes have you made? Ngati inde, ndi njira zanji zomwe mwachita? Changed income or food sources……………1 Added income or food sources………………2 Increased use of existing income or food sources…………………………………………3 Increased savings or other assets………….4 Migration of one or more household Members………………………………………5 Other…………………………………………..96 308 Do you have health insurance? Kodi muli ndi inshulansi ya zaumoyo/chipatala (MASM, MED Cover etc)? Yes…………………………………………….1 No………………………………………………2 309 Do you have crop/livestock insurance? Kodi muli ndi inshulansi ya mbeu/ziweto? Yes…………………………………………….1 No………………………………………………2 23 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 4: PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS # Type of activity a. Have you/HH member taken part in this activity in the past 10 years? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba mwatengapo mbali mu zochitika izi zaka khumi (10) zapitazi? 1. Yesà continue 2. No à move to next activity b. In approximately what year did you/HH member start participating in this activity? Mongoyerekeza, ndi chaka chiti chomwe inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba kutengapo mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? c. Do you/HH member still participate in the activity? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano mumatengab e mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? 1. Yes à continue 2. No à Column e d. If yes, why do you/HH member still participate in this activity? Ngati inde, ndi chifukwa chiyani inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano akadali kutengapo mbali? [Select all that apply] e. If not, approximately what year did you/HH member stop? Ngati ayi, ndi chaka chanji inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano pomwe munasiya kutenga nawo mbali? f. Who sponsors this activity? Ndi bungwe lanji lomwe limapereka thandizo ku zochitika zimezi? [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] 1. Project Concern International 2. Emmanuel International 3. Save the Children 4. World Vision 5.Africare 6. CRS 7. Chikwawa Diocese 8.Total Land Care 9. CARE 10. CADECOMM 11. NCBA 12. CLUSA 13. NASFAM 14. PCI 15. WALA 16. SNIC 17. EXAGRIS 18. One Community 19. DAPP 20. WFP 21. Red Cross 22. Concern Worldwide 23. IRLAD 96. Other (specify):_________ Y N Year Y N Code Year Code 400 Seed distribution Kugawa mbeu 1 2 1 2 401 Seed banking Banki ya mbeu ya m’mudzi 1 2 1 2 402 Demonstration plots or farmer field school munda wa chitsanzo kapena sukulu ya ulimi yochitira pamunda 1 2 1 2 403 Extension services Ulangizi wa za ulim 1 2 1 2 404 Training on agriculture practices and, soil and water conservation techniques Maphunziro kapena ulangizi wa za ulimi ndi kasamalidwe ka nthaka ndi madzi 1 2 1 2 405 Irrigation Ulimi wanthilira 1 2 1 2 406 Food for work/food for asset activities Ntchito yachitukuko yolandira chakudya kapena zinthu zina/ ndalama 1 2 1 2 Column D Codes: 1. It provides me with valuable information 2. It provides me with a social network/friends 3. It helps in times of need 4. I receive goods from the group 5. I have access to better markets 6. My friends joined 7. The group allows me to access to credit 8. The group allows me to save money 9. I receive cash benefits from the group 10. I was just curious 11. I’m fulfilling the rest of my term as group chair 12. I have access to a development project because of the group 13. The group meetings are fun 14. They asked me to join because of my knowledge/professional knowledge 15. My attendance was mandated 16. Interested in conserving natural resources 96. Other:_______________________________ 24 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 4: PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS # Type of activity a. Have you/HH member taken part in this activity in the past 10 years? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba mwatengapo mbali mu zochitika izi zaka khumi (10) zapitazi? 1. Yesà conintue 2. No à move to next activity b. In approximately what year did you/HH member start participating in this activity? Mongoyerekeza, ndi chaka chiti chomwe inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba kutengapo mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? c. Do you/HH member still participate in the activity? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano mumatengabe mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? 1. Yes à continue 2. No à Column e d. If yes, why do you/HH member still participate in this activity? Ngati inde, ndi chifukwa chiyani inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano akadali kutengapo mbali? [Select all that apply] e. If not, approximately what year did you/HH member stop? Ngati ayi, ndi chaka chanji inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano pomwe munasiya kutenga nawo mbali? f. Who sponsors this activity? Ndi bungwe lanji lomwe limapereka thandizo ku zochitika zimezi? [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] 1. Project Concern International 2. Emmanuel International 3. Save the Children 4. World Vision 5.Africare 6. CRS 7. Chikwawa Diocese 8.Total Land Care 9. CARE 10. CADECOMM 11. NCBA 12. CLUSA 13. NASFAM 14. PCI 15. WALA 16. SNIC 17. EXAGRIS 18. One Community 19. DAPP 20. WFP 21. Red Cross 22. Concern Worldwide 23. IRLAD 96. Other (specify):_________ Y N Year Y N Code Year Code 407 Poultry farming ulimi wa nkhuku ndi nyama zina za mtundu wa mbalame 1 2 1 2 408 Fish farming ulimi wa nsomba 1 2 1 2 409 Goat farming ulimi wa mbuzi 1 2 1 2 410 Any other livestock farming (Specify) Ulimi wina uliwonse waziweto kupatulapo omwe tatchula kalewu? 1 2 1 2 411 Care group education (health and nutrition) sessions keya gulupu/ azamaphunziro /magulu azaumoyo/za amake mwana 1 2 1 2 412 Cultivation home/ kitchen/ backyard/ communal garden Dimba lapakhomo kapena la pagulu 1 2 1 2 413 Growth monitoring of children Under 5 year session sikelo ya ana ochepera zaka zisanu 1 2 1 2 414 Receiving food ration for chrolonically ill household members/OVCs Kulandira chakudya cha pa mwezi cha odwala matenda amgonagona kapena ana amasiye 1 2 1 2 25 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 4: PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS # Type of activity a. Have you/HH member taken part in this activity in the past 10 years? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba mwatengapo mbali mu zochitika izi zaka khumi (10) zapitazi? 1. Yesà conintue 2. No à move to next activity b. In approximately what year did you/HH member start participating in this activity? Mongoyerekeza, ndi chaka chiti chomwe inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba kutengapo mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? c. Do you/HH member still participate in the activity? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano mumatengab e mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? 1. Yes à continue 2. No à Column e d. If yes, why do you/HH member still participate in this activity? Ngati inde, ndi chifukwa chiyani inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano akadali kutengapo mbali? [Select all that apply] e. If not, approximately what year did you/HH member stop? Ngati ayi, ndi chaka chanji inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano pomwe munasiya kutenga nawo mbali? f. Who sponsors this activity? Ndi bungwe lanji lomwe limapereka thandizo ku zochitika zimezi? [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] 1. Project Concern International 2. Emmanuel International 3. Save the Children 4. World Vision 5.Africare 6. CRS 7. Chikwawa Diocese 8.Total Land Care 9. CARE 10. CADECOMM 11. NCBA 12. CLUSA 13. NASFAM 14. PCI 15. WALA 16. SNIC 17. EXAGRIS 18. One Community 19. DAPP 20. WFP 21. Red Cross 22. Concern Worldwide 23. IRLAD 96. Other (specify):_________ Y N Year Y N Code Year Code 415 Receiving home based care for chrolonically ill household member Kulandira chisamaliro/chithandizo cha anthu odwala matenda amgonagona kumudzi konkuno 1 2 1 2 416 Selling of agricultural products through group/collective marketing Kugulitsa za ulimi zakumunda pagulu 1 2 1 2 417 Organized meeting or training or awareness campaign on HIV/AIDS Maphunziro, msonkhano kapena zochitikachitika zokhudzana ndi HIV komanso Edzi 1 2 1 2 418 Buying of agricultural inputs such as seed, fertilizer, etc as a group Kugula zipangizo zaulimi monga mbeu, feteleza ndizina zotero pagulu 1 2 1 2 419 Watershed development Kuteteza za chilengedwe 1 2 1 2 Column D Codes: 1. It provides me with valuable information 2. It provides me with a social network/friends 3. It helps in times of need 4. I receive goods from the group 5. I have access to better markets 6. My friends joined 7. The group allows me to access to credit 8. The group allows me to save money 9. I receive cash benefits from the group 10. I was just curious 11. I’m fulfilling the rest of my term as group chair 12. I have access to a development project because of the group 13. The group meetings are fun 14. They asked me to join because of my knowledge/professional knowledge 15. My attendance was mandated 16. Interested in conserving natural resources 96. Other:_______________________________ 26 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 4: PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS # Type of activity a. Have you/HH member taken part in this activity in the past 10 years? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba mwatengapo mbali mu zochitika izi zaka khumi (10) zapitazi? 1. Yesà conintue 2. No à move to next activity b. In approximately what year did you/HH member start participating in this activity? Mongoyerekeza, ndi chaka chiti chomwe inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba kutengapo mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? c. Do you/HH member still participate in the activity? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano mumatengabe mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? 1. Yes à continue 2. No à Column e d. If yes, why do you/HH member still participate in this activity? Ngati inde, ndi chifukwa chiyani inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano akadali kutengapo mbali? [Select all that apply] e. If not, approximately what year did you/HH member stop? Ngati ayi, ndi chaka chanji inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano pomwe munasiya kutenga nawo mbali? f. Who sponsors this activity? Ndi bungwe lanji lomwe limapereka thandizo ku zochitika zimezi? [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] 1. Project Concern International 2. Emmanuel International 3. Save the Children 4. World Vision 5.Africare 6. CRS 7. Chikwawa Diocese 8.Total Land Care 9. CARE 10. CADECOMM 11. NCBA 12. CLUSA 13. NASFAM 14. PCI 15. WALA 16. SNIC 17. EXAGRIS 18. One Community 19. DAPP 20. WFP 21. Red Cross 22. Concern Worldwide 23. IRLAD 96. Other (specify):_________ Y N Year Y N Code Year Code 420 Livestock distribution Kugawa ziweto 1 2 1 2 421 Conservation agriculture Ulimi wa mlera nthaka 1 2 1 2 422 Crop diversification Kulima mbeu zosiyanasiyana 1 2 1 2 423 Agribusiness activities Zochitikachitika zotenga ulimi ngati bizinesi 1 2 1 2 424 Village savings and loans Mabanki a mmudzi 1 2 1 2 425 Afforestation activities Kudzala mitengo 1 2 1 2 Column D Codes: 1. It provides me with valuable information 2. It provides me with a social network/friends 3. It helps in times of need 4. I receive goods from the group 5. I have access to better markets 6. My friends joined 7. The group allows me to access to credit 8. The group allows me to save money 9. I receive cash benefits from the group 10. I was just curious 11. I’m fulfilling the rest of my term as group chair 12. I have access to a development project because of the group 13. The group meetings are fun 14. They asked me to join because of my knowledge/professional knowledge 15. My attendance was mandated 16. Interested in conserving natural resources 96. Other:_______________________________ 27 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 4: PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS # Type of activity a. Have you/HH member taken part in this activity in the past 10 years? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba mwatengapo mbali mu zochitika izi zaka khumi (10) zapitazi? 1. Yesà continue 2. No à move to next activity b. In approximately what year did you/HH member start participating in this activity? Mongoyerekeza, ndi chaka chiti chomwe inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba kutengapo mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? c. Do you/HH member still participate in the activity? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano mumatengab e mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? 1. Yes à continue 2. No à Column e d. If yes, why do you/HH member still participate in this activity? Ngati inde, ndi chifukwa chiyani inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano akadali kutengapo mbali? [Select all that apply] e. If not, approximately what year did you/HH member stop? Ngati ayi, ndi chaka chanji inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano pomwe munasiya kutenga nawo mbali? f. Who sponsors this activity? Ndi bungwe lanji lomwe limapereka thandizo ku zochitika zimezi? [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] 1. Project Concern International 2. Emmanuel International 3. Save the Children 4. World Vision 5.Africare 6. CRS 7. Chikwawa Diocese 8.Total Land Care 9. CARE 10. CADECOMM 11. NCBA 12. CLUSA 13. NASFAM 14. PCI 15. WALA 16. SNIC 17. EXAGRIS 18. One Community 19. DAPP 20. WFP 21. Red Cross 22. Concern Worldwide 23. IRLAD 96. Other (specify):_________ Y N Year Y N Code Year Code 426 Planting trees around homestead Kudzala mitengo kuzungulira nyumba kapena pakhomo 1 2 1 2 427 Planting trees around river banks Kudzala mitengo mbali mwa mitsinje 1 2 1 2 428 Planting of drought resistant or early maturing varieties Kuzala mbeu zopirira ku chilala kapena zocha nsanga 1 2 1 2 429 Awareness campaigns on DRR activities Misonkhano yoteteza ngozi zogwa mwadzidzidzi 1 2 1 2 430 Household sanitary facilities such a toilet, bathroom, washing line, dish rack, model kitchen Ukhondo pakhomo monga monga chimbudzi, bafa, chingwe, thandala ndi, kitchen la makono 1 2 1 2 Column D Codes: 1. It provides me with valuable information 2. It provides me with a social network/friends 3. It helps in times of need 4. I receive goods from the group 5. I have access to better markets 6. My friends joined 7. The group allows me to access to credit 8. The group allows me to save money 9. I receive cash benefits from the group 10. I was just curious 11. I’’m fulfilling the rest of my term as group chair 12. I have access to a development project because of the group 13. The group meetings are fun 14. They asked me to join because of my knowledge/professional knowledge 15. My attendance was mandated 16. Interested in conserving natural resources 96. Other:_______________________________ 28 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 4: PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS # Type of group a. Have you/HH member taken part in this activity in the past 10 years? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo panu pano munayamba mwakhalapo membala wa magulu awa mu zaka khumi (10) zapitazi? 1. Yesà continue 2. No à move to next activity b. In approximately what year did you/HH member start participating in this activity? Mongoyerekeza, ndi chaka chiti chomwe inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba kutengapo mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? c. Do you/HH member still participate in the activity? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano mumatengabe mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? 1. Yes à continue 2. No à Column e d. If yes, why do you/HH member still participate in this activity? Ngati inde, ndi chifukwa chiyani inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano akadali kutengapo mbali? [Select all that apply] e. If not, approximately what year did you/HH member stop? Ngati ayi, ndi chaka chanji inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano pomwe munasiya kutenga nawo mbali? f. Who sponsors this group? Ndi bungwe lanji lomwe limapereka thandizo ku zochitika zimezi? [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] 1. Project Concern International 2. Emmanuel International 3. Save the Children 4. World Vision 5.Africare 6. CRS 7. Chikwawa Diocese 8.Total Land Care 9. CARE 10. CADECOMM 11. NCBA 12. CLUSA 13. NASFAM 14. PCI 15. WALA 16. SNIC 17. EXAGRIS 18. One Community 19. DAPP 20. WFP 21. Red Cross 22. Concern Worldwide 23. IRLAD 96. Other (specify):_________ Y N Year Y N Code Year Code 431 Water users’ association or irrigation group? Gulu logwiritsa ntchito madzi /gulu la ulimi wothirira 1 2 1 2 432 Marketing/agribusiness group? Gulu la zamalonda/Ulimi ngati bizinesi 1 2 1 2 433 Producer or farmer group? Gulu la alimi wa mbeu (Farmer Group) 1 2 1 2 434 Care Group? Gulu la chisamaliro cha ana, amayi ndi chisamaliro cha pakhomo/ena amati gulu la mai mkulu kapena-Keya gulupu 1 2 1 2 Column D Codes: 1. It provides me with valuable information 2. It provides me with a social network/friends 3. It helps in times of need 4. I receive goods from the group 5. I have access to better markets 6. My friends joined 7. The group allows me to access to credit 8. The group allows me to save money 9. I receive cash benefits from the group 10. I was just curious 11. I’m fulfilling the rest of my term as group chair 12. I have access to a development project because of the group 13. The group meetings are fun 14. They asked me to join because of my knowledge/professional knowledge 15. My attendance was mandated 16. Interested in conserving natural resources 96. Other:_______________________________ 29 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 4: PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS # Type of group a. Have you/HH member taken part in this activity in the past 10 years? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba mwatengapo mbali mu zochitika izi zaka khumi (10) zapitazi? 1. Yesà continue 2. No à move to next activity b. In approximately what year did you/HH member start participating in this activity? Mongoyerekeza, ndi chaka chiti chomwe inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba kutengapo mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? c. Do you/HH member still participate in the activity? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano mumatengabe mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? 1. Yes à continue 2. No à Column e d. If yes, why do you/HH member still participate in this activity? Ngati inde, ndi chifukwa chiyani inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano akadali kutengapo mbali? [Select all that apply] e. If not, approximately what year did you/HH member stop? Ngati ayi, ndi chaka chanji inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano pomwe munasiya kutenga nawo mbali? f. Who sponsors this group? Ndi bungwe lanji lomwe limapereka thandizo ku zochitika zimezi? [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] 1. Project Concern International 2. Emmanuel International 3. Save the Children 4. World Vision 5.Africare 6. CRS 7. Chikwawa Diocese 8.Total Land Care 9. CARE 10. CADECOMM 11. NCBA 12. CLUSA 13. NASFAM 14. PCI 15. WALA 16. SNIC 17. EXAGRIS 18. One Community 19. DAPP 20. WFP 21. Red Cross 22. Concern Worldwide 23. IRLAD 96. Other (specify):_________ Y N Year Y N Code Year Code 435 Livestock/fish group? Gulu loweta ziweto/gulu loweta nsomba 1 2 1 2 436 OVC Committee? Komiti yoona ndi kusamalira ana amasiye ndi osowa chisamaliro 1 2 1 2 437 Village Health Committee? Komiti yoona za umoyo m’mudzi 1 2 1 2 438 Community AIDS Committee (CAC)? Komiti yaikulu yoyang’anira za EDZI m’midzi 1 2 1 2 439 Village AIDS Committee (VAC)? Komiti yakumudzi yoyang’anira za EDZI 1 2 1 2 440 PLHIV Support Group? Sapoti gulupu ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV 1 2 1 2 Column D Codes: 1. It provides me with valuable information 2. It provides me with a social network/friends 3. It helps in times of need 4. I receive goods from the group 5. I have access to better markets 6. My friends joined 7. The group allows me to access to credit 8. The group allows me to save money 9. I receive cash benefits from the group 10. I was just curious 11. I’m fulfilling the rest of my term as group chair 12. I have access to a development project because of the group 13. The group meetings are fun 14. They asked me to join because of my knowledge/professional knowledge 15. My attendance was mandated 16. Interested in conserving natural resources 96. Other:_______________________________ 30 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 IF INTERVIEWING ADULT PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR FOOD FOR THE HH MEMBERS, CONTINUE TO SECTION 5. OTHERWISE, GO TO SECTION 8 AND COMPLETE BEFORE SWITCHING RESPONDENTS FOR SECTION 5. MODULE 4: PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS # Type of group a. Have you/HH member taken part in this activity in the past 10 years? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba mwatengapo mbali mu zochitika izi zaka khumi (10) zapitazi? 1. Yesà continue 2. No à move to next activity b. In approximately what year did you/HH member start participating in this activity? Mongoyerekeza, ndi chaka chiti chomwe inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano munayamba kutengapo mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? c. Do you/HH member still participate in the activity? Kodi inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano mumatengab e mbali mu zochitika zimenezi? 1. Yes à continue 2. No à Column e d. If yes, why do you/HH member still participate in this activity? Ngati inde, ndi chifukwa chiyani inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano akadali kutengapo mbali? [Select all that apply] e. If not, approximately what year did you/HH member stop? Ngati ayi, ndi chaka chanji inu kapena aliyense pa khomo pano pomwe munasiya kutenga nawo mbali? f. Who sponsors this group? Ndi bungwe lanji lomwe limapereka thandizo ku zochitika zimezi? [SELECT ALL THAT APPLY] 1. Project Concern International 2. Emmanuel International 3. Save the Children 4. World Vision 5.Africare 6. CRS 7. Chikwawa Diocese 8.Total Land Care 9. CARE 10. CADECOMM 11. NCBA 12. CLUSA 13. NASFAM 14. PCI 15. WALA 16. SNIC 17. EXAGRIS 18. One Community 19. DAPP 20. WFP 21. Red Cross 22. Concern Worldwide 23. IRLAD 96. Other (specify):_________ Y N Year Y N Code Year Code 441 Village development committee (VDC)? Komiti yoona zachitukuko cha kumudzi ya VDC 1 2 1 2 442 Village civil protection committee (VCPC)? Komiti yam’mudzi yoona za ngozi zogwa mwadzidzidzi (VCPC) 1 2 1 2 443 Watershed development committee? Komiti yoona zachitukuko cha Watershed 1 2 1 2 444 Other CBOs? Eg. Youth group etc Mabungwe a m’midzi (CBO), makomiti ena monga magulu azachinyamata? 1 2 1 2 Column D Codes: 1. It provides me with valuable information 2. It provides me with a social network/friends 3. It helps in times of need 4. I receive goods from the group 5. I have access to better markets 6. My friends joined 7. The group allows me to access to credit 8. The group allows me to save money 9. I receive cash benefits from the group 10. I was just curious 11. I’m fulfilling the rest of my term as group chair 12. I have access to a development project because of the group 13. The group meetings are fun 14. They asked me to join because of my knowledge/professional knowledge 15. My attendance was mandated 16. Interested in conserving natural resources 96. Other:_______________________________ 31 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 5: HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY ASK THIS MODULE TO WOMEN (OR AN ADULT PERSON) WHO PREPARE/RESPONSIBLE FOOD FOR THE HH MEMBERS # QUESTION AND FILTERS RESPONSE CODES 510 RESPONDENT’S NAME AND LINE NUMBER Name: ___________________ Line No (from Q101):.____ ____ 511 Now I would like to ask you about your household’s food supply during different months of the year. When responding to these questions, please think back over the last 12 months. In the past 12 months, were there months in which you did not have enough food to meet your household needs? Ndikufuna ndicheze nanu nkhani yokhudza kapezekedwe ka chakudya pa banja lanu lino m’miyezi yosiyanasiyana ya chaka pa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri (12) yapitayi. Mukamayankha kumbukirani m’mbuyo m’miyezi 12 yapitayi Pa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri imene yapitayi, pali miyezi imene munali ndi chakudya chosakwanira pa banja lanu? Yes………...1 à Continue No………….2 à Go to Q600 512 Which were the months (in the past 12 months, starting from previous month) in which you did not have enough food to meet your family’s needs? Pa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri yapitayi (12) kuyambira mwezi watha, ndi miyezi iti imene munali opanda chakudya chokwanira pakhomo pano? WORKING BACKWARD FROM “SEPTEMBER 2018”, PUT ‘X’ IN THE BOX IF THE RESPONDENT IDENTIFIES THAT MONTH AS ONE IN WHICH THE HH DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH FOOD TO MEET THEIR NEEDS. 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 Sept’18 Aug’18 July’18 June’18 May’18 Apr’18 Mar’18 Feb’18 Jan’18 Dec’17 Nov’17 Oct’17 525 Could you please tell me the three most important reasons, why your household did not have sufficient food during the month(s) indicated above? Chonde ndiuzeni zifukwa zenizeni zitatu zimene zinapangitsa kuti khomo lanu lisakhale ndi chakudya chokwanira pa miyezi yomwe mwafotokozayi? LEAVE THE QUESTION OPEN AND CODE THE ANSWERS a. Reason1 ............ ____ b. Reason2 ............ ____ c. Reason3 ............ ____ Food Shortage Reasons Code Food Shortage Reasons Code Drought 1 Land shortage 8 Excess rain/flood 2 Poor farm soils 9 Lack of Fertilizer 3 Pests and/or diseases attacked crop 10 Labor shortage 4 Unavailability of food in local market 11 Poor Crop Management 5 Sold most of harvest 12 Inadequate seed 6 Lack of money to buy food 13 Use of poor quality seed 7 Other (SPECIFY)_________________ 96 32 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 526 During critical periods of food shortage what were your coping mechanisms? PROBE: Any other? Any other? Panthawi yomwe munali osowekera kwambiri chakudya pakhomo ndinjira zanji zomwe mumatsata kupezera chakudya? PROBE: Palinso zina? Palinso zina? MULTIPLE RESPONSES POSSIBLE Piece work (Ganyu)......................1 Distress sells e.g. sell assets ........2 Reduce number of meals..............3 Eat undesired food.......................4 Seek/borrow from relatives ...........5 Sent children out to beg................6 Sell fire wood/charcoal .................7 Food aid.......................................8 Migration within county .................9 Migrate to other countries ........... 10 Send children to eat with Neighbors………………………….11 Purchase food on credit………….12 Limit portion sizes …………………13 Restrict food for adults…………….14 Gather wild food/hunt……………...15 Feed working members before other HH members……………………….16 Skip eating on certain days……….17 Other (SPECIFY) ___________ …96 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 33 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 6: HOUSEHOLD DIETARY DIVERSITY ASK THIS SECTION TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE HOUSEHOLD WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FOOD PREPARATIONS. # QUESTION AND FILTER RESPONSE CODES 600 RESPONDENT’S NAME AND LINE NUMBER Name: ___________________ Line No (from Q101):........____ ____ 601 How many meals and snacks did your household members eat yesterday during the day or at night? Kodi munadya kangati pabanja pano kuphatikiza zotolatola dzulo tsiku lonse kapena usiku? NO OF MEALS/SNACKS...........___ IF 7+, RECORD ‘7’ IF NONE, RECORD ‘0’ 602 Now I would like to ask you about the types of foods that you or anyone else in your household ate yesterday during the day or at night. Pano ndikufuna ndifunse zokhudza mitundu ya zakudya yomwe inu kapena wina aliyense pa banja pano anadya dzulo tsiku lonse kapena usiku READ OUT EACH ITEM TO THE RESPONDENT AND RECORD Yes No a. Any Nsima, bread, rice noodles, biscuits, or any other foods made from millet, sorghum, maize, rice, wheat? Munadya nsima, buledi, mpunga, bisiketi kapena zakudya zochokela ku chimanga mchewere, mapira, mpunga, tiligu? 1 2 b. Any potatoes, yams, manioc, cassava or any other foods made from roots or tubers? Chinangwa, mbatata, kachewere, zilazi kapena zakudya zina zochokera ku mitsitsi? 1 2 c. Any vegetables? Masamba ena ali onse? 1 2 d. Any fruits? Zipatso zina zili zonse? 1 2 e. Any beef, pork, lamb, goat, rabbit, wild game, chicken, duck, or other birds, liver, kidney, heart, or other organ meats? Nyama ya ng’ombe, nkhumba, nkhosa, mbuzi, kalulu, nyama ya mthengo, nkhuku, bakha kapena mbalame zina, chiwindi, impso, mtima kapena zammimba 1 2 f. Any eggs? Mazira? 1 2 g. Any fresh or dried fish or shellfish? Nsomba zaziwisi kapena zouma? 1 2 h. Any foods made from beans, peas, lentils, or nuts? Zakudya zochokera ku gulu la nyemba, mtedza, nsawawa, nandolo? 1 2 i. Any cheese, yogurt, milk or other milk products? Yoggie, mkaka kapena zakudya zochokera ku mkaka? 1 2 j. Any foods made with oil, fat, or butter? Zokudya zochokera ku mafuta monga sitoko, mafuta ophikira? 1 2 k. Any sugar or honey? Zakudya zotsekemera monga sugar ndi uchi? 1 2 l. Any other foods, such as condiments, coffee, tea? Zakudya zina zokometsela zakudya, tiyi, coffee 1 2 m. Salt? Mchere 1 2 34 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 7: Feeding Practices [ASK ONLY TO CHILDREN BETWEEN 60-108 MONTHS OLD (5-9 YEARS OLD)] 101. Line No 102. LIST THE NAMES OF CHILDREN BETWEEN 60 AND 108 months (5-9 year olds) 701. Has (NAME) ever been breastfed? Kodi (DZINA) anayamwitsidwapo mkaka wa m’mawere? 1 à Continue 2à Go to 705 98à Go to 705 702. During the first three days after delivery, was (NAME) given anything to drink other than breast milk? Kodi masiku atatu oyambilira chibadwire (DZINA), munamupatsako chakumwa chapadera kupatula mkaka wa m’mawere? 703. Respondent is biological mother? 705. Sometimes babies are fed breastmilk in different ways, for example by spoon, cup or bottle. This can happen when the mother cannot always be with her baby. Sometimes babies are breastfed by another woman, or given breastmilk from another woman by spoon, cup or bottle or some other way. This can happen if a mother cannot breastfeed her own baby. Has (NAME) ever consumed breastmik in any of these ways? Nthawi zina ana amayamwitsidwa mkaka wa m’mawere munjira zosiyanasiyana, monga mu botolo, mu cup, kapena ndi spoon. Izi zimachitika pamene mayi sangathe kukhala ndi mwana wake nthawi zonse. Ndiponso nthawi zina, mwana amatha kuyamwitsidwa kuchokera kubere la mayi wina, kapenanso kumwetsedwa mkaka wa mmawere ochokera kwa mayi wina kudzera mu sipuni, kapu kapena botolo kapena njira zina zotero. Izi zimachitika ngati mayi sangathe kuyamwitsa yekha mwana wake. Kodi (DZINA) anamwetsedwapo mkaka wa m’mawere mu njira yotereyi? Line Name Y N DK Y N DK Y N Y N DK 01 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 02 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 03 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 04 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 05 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 06 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 07 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 08 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 09 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 10 1 2 98 1 2 98 1 2 1 2 98 35 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 7: Feeding Practices [ASK ONLY TO CHILDREN BETWEEN 60-108 MONTHS OLD (5-9 YEARS OLD)] I would like to ask you about liquids that (NAME) may have had yesterday during the day or at night. I am interested in whether he/she had the item even if it was combined with other foods. Did (NAME) drink/eat any of the following yesterday during the day or at night? Pano ndikufuna ticheze zokhudza zakumwa zimene (DZINA) anamwa dzulo masana kapena usiku. Ndili ndi chidwi kuti ndidziwe zakumwa zomwe anamwa ngakhale zitakhala kuti zinasakanizidwa ndi zakudya zina. Kodi (DZINA) anamwa zakumwa zomwe nditchulezi dzulo masana kapena usiku? 101. Line No 706. Vitamin or mineral supplements or medicines? Vitamin kapena michere yofunikam’thupi kapena mankhwala amtundu wina ulionse kuphatikizapo ufa wa ‘Ndisakanizeni’? 707. ORS? Thanzi ORS? 708. Plain water? Madzi? 709A. Milk such as tinned, powdered or fresh animal milk? Mkaka waufa kapena wa madzi wochokera ku ziweto? Yes ðContinue Q709B No ðGo to Q710 709B. How many times yesterday during the day or night did (NAME) consume this milk? Anamwa kangati mkakawu (DZINA) dzulo usana kapena usiku? 710 Juice or juice drinks? Zakumwa zochokera ku zipatso (juice)? 711. Clear broth? Nsuzi wa nyama yobwatitsa? 712A. Yogurt? Yogati/Yoggie? Yes ðcontinue Q712B No ðGo to Q713 712B. How many times yesterday during the day or night did [NAME] consume this yoghurt? Anamwa kangati Yogati/Yoggie (DZINA) dzulo usana kapena usiku? 713. Thin porridge? phala lamadzimadzi? Line Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N 01 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 02 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 03 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 04 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 05 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 06 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 07 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 08 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 09 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 10 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 36 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 7: Feeding Practices [ASK ONLY TO CHILDREN BETWEEN 60-108 MONTHS OLD (5-9 YEARS OLD)] Now I would like to ask you about the types of foods (NAME) ate yesterday during the day and at night. Did (NAME) eat any of the following foods yesterday during the day or at night? Pano ndikufuna ndidziwe mtundu wa zakudya zimene (DZINA) anadya dzulo usana ndi usiku. Kodi (DZINA) anadya zakudya izi? 101. Line No 714. Tea? Tiyi 715A. Any other liquids? Zakumwa zina? Yes ðcontinue Q715B No ðGo to Q716 715B. What other liquid did the child consume? Zakumwazo zinali za mtundu wanji? 716. Bread, rice, noodles, or other foods made from grains, including thick grains-based porridge? Buledi, mpunga kapena phala lolimbirapo? 717. Pumpkin, carrots, squash, or orange/yellow fleshed sweetpotatoes? Maungu, carrot, squashkapena mbatata yofiira mkati? 718. White fleshed sweet potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, or any other foods made from roots? Chinangwa, zilazi zoyera mkati, mbatata yoyera mkati kapena zakudya zina zochokera ku mitsitsi? 719. Any dark green leafy vegetables? Masamba obiriwira? 720. Ripe mangoes, ripe papayas? Mango akupsa, mapapaya akupsa? 721. Any other fruits or vegetables? Masamba a mtundu wina kapenso zipatso za mtundu wina? 722. Liver, kidney, heart or other organ meats? Chiwindi cha nyama, imphsyo,mtima kapena za m’mimba? 723. Any meat, such as beef, pork, lamb, goat, chicken, or duck? Nyama ya mtundu wina uliwonse monga ng’ombe, nkhuku, nkhumba, nkhosa, bakha? Line Y N Y N SPECIFY Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N 01 1 2 1 2 _________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 02 1 2 1 2 _________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 03 1 2 1 2 _________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 04 1 2 1 2 _________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 05 1 2 1 2 _________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 06 1 2 1 2 _________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 07 1 2 1 2 _________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 08 1 2 1 2 _________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 09 1 2 1 2 _________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 10 1 2 1 2 ________ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 37 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 7: Feeding Practices [ASK ONLY TO CHILDREN BETWEEN 60-108 MONTHS OLD (5-9 YEARS OLD)] 101. Line No 724. Eggs? Mazira 725. Fresh or dried fish, shellfish, or seafood? Nsomba zaziwisi kapena zouma kapena zina zochokera mnyanja? 726. Any foods made from beans, peas, lentils, or nuts? Nyemba, mtedza, khobwe, nsawawa, nseula, nandolo kapena zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera zinthu za gulu la mtedza? 727. Cheese, yogurt, or other milk products? Yoggie, kapena chakudya chochokera ku mkaka? 728. Any oil, fats, or butter, or foods made with any of these? Mafuta kapena zakudya zopangidwa kuchokela ku mafuta monga sitoko? 729. Any sugary foods such as chocolates, sweets, candies, pastries, cakes, or biscuits? Zakudya zotsekemera monga ma sweet, ma keke, ma bisiketi, madonasi? 730. Condiments for flavors such as chillies, spices, herbs, or fish powder? Zokometser a zakudya monga tsabola, kapena ma spice /curry? 731. Grubs, snails, or insects? Mphalabu ngu,nkho no kapena ziwala? 732. Foods made with red palm oil, red palm nut, and red palm nut pulp sauce? Zakudya zopangid wa ndi mafuta akokonati ? 733A. Any other solid or semi-solid food? Chakudy a chilichon se cholimbir apo? 733B. How many times did (NAME) eat solid, semi solid, or soft foods other than liquids yesterday during the day and at night as a meal or snacks? Kodi (DZINA) anadya kangati zakudya zolimba kapena zolimba pang’ono kapena zofewa kupatula za madzimadzi dzulo? Masana komanso usiku ngati chakudya chenicheni kapena kutsuka mkamwa chabe? SMALL SNACKS AND SMALL FEEDS SUCH AS ONE OR TWO BITES OF MOTHER’S OR SIBLING’S FOOD SHOULD NOT BE COUNTED. Line Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N # of Time DK None 01 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 02 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 03 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 04 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 05 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 06 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 07 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 08 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 09 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 10 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ________ 98 97 38 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 MODULE 8: WALA ACTIVITIES 848 Prior to today, have you heard of, or are you aware of WALA promoted activities in your community? Kupatula lero nkuchezakwathuku, munayamba mwamvapo kapena mumadziwa za ntchito zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa ndi a WALA mdera lanu? Yes.................................................1 No ..................................................2 849 CHECK Q633-647e: HH MEMBER IN WALA FORMED OR PROMOTED GROUP(S) (CODES ‘1’ OR ‘2’). WALA GROUPS INCLUDE ANY GROUPS FORMED BETWEEN 2009-2013 BY WALA, PROJECT CONCERN INTERNATIONAL, EMMANUAL INTERNATIONAL, SAVE THE CHILDREN, CHICKWAWA DIOCESE, TOTAL LAND CARE, AFRICARE, WORLD VISION, CRS YES ¨ ð CONTINUE Q850 ELSE ¨ ð QEND 850 What year did you (or household member) first interact with a WALA formed/promoted group or organization? Ndi chaka chiti chomwe inu (kapena aliyense wa mnyumba mwanu) analowa gulu kapena bungwe lokhazikitsidwa/kuthandizidwa ndi WALA? 2009...............................................1 2010...............................................2 2011...............................................3 2012...............................................4 2013...............................................5 DK................................................ 98 39 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 END THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR TIME. YOUR ANSWERS HAVE BEEN VERY HELPFUL 851 Why are (or were) you a member of any WALA group? Chifukwa chiyani muli (kapena munali) membala wa gulu limeneli? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY It provides me with valuable information……………..1 It provides me with a social network/friends…………2 It helps in times of need………………………………..3 I receive goods from the group………………………..4 My friends joined………………………………………..5 The group allows me to access to credit……………..6 The group allows me to save money…………………7 I receive cash benefits from the group……………….8 I was just curious……………………………………….9 I’m fulfilling the rest of my term as group chair…….10 I have access to a development project because of the group……………………………………………….11 The group meetings are fun………………………….12 They asked me to join because of my knowledge/professional knowledge………………….13 I have access to better markets………………………14 My attendance was mandated………………………..15 Interested in conserving natural resources………….16 Other (speficy) ..……………………………………….96 Don’t know………………………………….................98 Refused….………………………………….................99 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 40 Follow-up SURVEY 2018 Hour Minutes ENDTIME. Time interview ended [Interviewer: Enter hour and minute, use 24 hr. clock] LENGTH. For Office Use: Duration of interview in minutes 01. Respondent’s race? Black / African 1 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 5 White / European 2 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 6 Coloured / Mixed race 3 Other 96 Arab / Lebanese / North African 4 01. What was the primary language used in the interview? Chichewa 1 Chiyao 2 English 3 Other [Specify]: 96 SIGNATURE PAGE 704. INTERVIEWER: Do you have any other comments on the interview? For example, did anything else significant happen during the interview? No 0 Yes: [Explain] 1 705. INTERVIEWER: I hereby certify that this interview was conducted in accordance with instructions received during training. All responses recorded here are those of the respondent who was chosen by the appropriate selection method. INTERVIEWER SIGNATURE: _______________________________________________________________ 706. SUPERVISOR: Do you have any other comments on the interview? For example, did anything else significant happen during the interview? No 0 Yes: [Explain] 1 707. SUPERVISOR:I hereby certify that this interview was conducted in accordance with instructions given to interviewers during training. All responses have been checked for completeness and accuracy. The information about the EA on the first page is based on observations I personally made in an area chosen by the appropriate sampling method. SUPERVISOR SIGNATURE: II. Qualitative tools 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 1 WALA Evaluation WALA Long-Term Impact Evaluation Key Informant Interview Guide for Implementing Partner Staff This guide is for key informant interviews to be conducted with up to 8 implementing partner staff members. ERIE will provide guidance and criteria to identify participants to be recruited. Directions to the interviewer are in italics; do not read aloud. Do not let the interview last more than 90 minutes without the permission of the participant. Questions in bold, non-italicized text must be asked. Questions in non-bold, non-italicized text are probes for use if the participant does not touch on the subject of the probe. Questions in blue are second priority questions. Do not ask them if you are not able to get to all primary questions in the 90 minute interview. You should ask blue questions if the primary questions are finished in 90 minutes or less. Or, if any questions have reached saturation, before subsequent interviews, cross out saturated questions and circle second priority questions to be asked. Before starting the interview, read into the digital recorder the respondent name, district, location, date, start time, participant gender, language used and protocol type (Implementing Partner Staff). Corrections or additions can be made to this information in the notes taken at the end of the interview, if need be. A. Introduction and Consent for Audio Recording – 5 minutes The purpose of this section is to introduce the participant to the study and request consent for audio recording. Thank you for taking the time for this discussion today. My name is [NAME]. Zikomo chifukwa chotenga nthawi yanu pazokambirana zathu lero. Dzina langa ndine [NAME]. I am working for Wadonda Consult Limited gathering information for the evaluation of the Wellness and Agriculture for Life Advancement Project, also known as the WALA Project carried out from 2009 to 2014. Ndimagwira ntchito ku bungwe la kafukufuku lotchedwa Wadonda Consult ndipo pakali pano tikuunika/kufufuza mmene pulojekiti ya Wellness and Agriculture for Life Advancement Project yomwe imadziwikanso mwachidule kuti WALA inagwilira ntchito zake kuyambira mchaka cha 2009 mpaka 2014. I would like to talk with you because you played an important role in the activities supported by the project. Ndikufuna kucheza nanu chifukwa inu munatengapo gawo lofunika kwambiri muzochitika za pulojekiti imeneyi. Our study is funded by USAID. Kafukufuku ameneyu akuchitika ndi thandizo lochokera ku bungwe la USAID. 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 2 WALA Evaluation The study is designed to learn about whether and how the project’s activities and outcomes have been sustained and to learn more about its impacts in areas such as food security and child nutrition. Kafukufukuyu wakonzedwa munjira yoti tidziwe ngati zochitikachitika za pulojekitiyi ndi zotsatira zake zikadali kutsatilidwa komanso tikufuna tiphunzire kuti zimenezi zakhudza bwanji nkhani yokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kadyetsedwe/kadyedwe ka ana. We want to learn about your experiences with implementation and operation of the project and hear your opinions regarding project sustainability. Tikufuna tiphunzire zomwe inu mumakumana nazo poyendetsa nawo pulojekitiyi komanso tifuna timve maganizo anu pa momwe zochitikachitika za pulojekitiyi zingapititsidwe patsogolo kapena kuti kupitilizidwa. The interview is expected to take about 1.5 hours. Kucheza kwathu kutenga pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka (one and a half hours). There are no right or wrong answers in this interview. Palibe mayankho olondola kapena olakwika pa kucheza kwathuku. Participation in this discussion is voluntary. Kutenga nawo mbali pa zokambiranazi nkongodzipereka chabe. You may skip any question you do not want to answer, and you may stop participating at any time. Muli ndi ufulu kusayankha funso lililonse lomwe simukufuna kuyankha. Mukhozanso kusiya machezawa/kuchezaku nthawi ina iliyonse. There is no risk and no direct advantage for participating in this study. Palibe chiopsezo kapena mwai wapadera wobwera chifukwa chotenga nao mbali pa kafukufukuyu. However, studies such as this one can help development organizations design better programs that are effective in addressing food security and malnutrition here and elsewhere. Ngakhale zili choncho, kafukufuku ngati uyu atha kuthandiza mabungwe kupanga mapulogalamu abwino omwe angathandize ku nkhani yokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chakudya mmatupi a wanthu kuno ndi mmayiko ena ambiri. Your experience provides invaluable input. Upangili wanu udzathandiza kwambiri kukwaniritsa zimenezi. None of your responses will be identified as yours in study reports or shared with anyone outside the study team. Any information you provide that can identify you will not be shared with anyone outside the study team. Lipoti la zotsatira za kafukufukuyu silidzakhala ndi chirichonse chozindikiritsa inu komanso mayankho anu sadzaperekedwa kwa wina aliyense yemwe sakuchita nawo kafukufukuyu. Zomwe mungafotokoze zomwe zingakuzindikiritseni sizidzaperekedwa kwa wina aliyense yemwe sakuchita nawo kafukufukuyu. 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 3 WALA Evaluation If you have any questions, concerns, or complaints about the study or your rights as a participant, please feel free to ask at any time. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, nkhawa kapena dandaulo lirilonse kukhudzana ndi kafukufukuyu kapena ufulu wanu monga wotenga nawo mbali mu machezawa, khalani womasuka kundifunsa nthawi iliyonse. Should you have any questions I cannot answer, you may call Peter Mvula or Ephraim Chirwa, who are leading our team and whose phone number is written on this card. Ngati pali zoti sinditha kukuyankhani, mukhonzanso kuimbira phone a Peter Mvula kapena a Ephraim Chirwa amene akutsogolera gulu lathu, ndipo nambala yawo ya lamya yalembedwa pa khadi yaperekedwayi. Finally, I would like to get your permission to record our discussion and take notes. Pomaliza, ndipemphe nawo chilolezo kuti nditepe/ndijambule mawu komanso ndilembe zomwe tikukambiranazi. The purpose of doing this is to ensure we can accurately capture the thoughts and ideas you share. Izi zichitika ndi cholinga choti ndithe kutenga maganizo anu molondola pa zokambirana zathuzi. The recordings will only be heard by the researchers involved in this study. Zonse zomwe titatepe/titajambule zikamvetseredwa ndi tokhafe amene tikugwira ntchito mu kafukufukuyu. Do I have your permission to record the discussion? Kodi ndili oloredwa kuti nditepe/ndijambule nao zokambiranazi? If yes, start voice recorder. Do you have any questions before we begin? Muli ndi mafunso ena alionse tisanayambe kucheza kwathu? Once questions have been answered, please proceed with the guide below. B. Background information – 5 minutes 1. To start, can you please tell me your name for the recording? Poyamba, mungandiuzeko dzina lanu kuti nditepe/ndijambule? 2. Thank you. What is your position at [IMPLEMENTING PARTNER NAME]? Zikomo. Udindo wanu ndi wotani ku [DZINA LA IMPLEMENTING PARTNER]? a. How long have you been in this position? Probe for year they started (and ended). Mwakhala pa udindo umenewu kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji? 3. Can you describe your role and your participation in activities and initiatives related to the WALA project and which district or districts you worked in? Mungafotokozeko za udindo wanu komanso mbali imene mumatenga mu zochitika zokhudzana ndi project ya WALA komanso boma/maboma omwe munagwirako ntchito? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 4 WALA Evaluation 4. Can you describe for me briefly how these interventions were implemented, that is, who actually worked with community members and how? Mungandifotokozereko mwachidule mmene munkagwirira ntchito zimenezi, makamaka kodi ndi ndani ankagwira ntchito ndi anthu a ku mudzi komanso kuti zimayenda bwanji? C. Sustainability – 30 minutes 1. Thank you. I am interested in learning about any changes that might have occurred during WALA, and even more, what has happened since. If you think about the communities where you worked for the WALA project, in the four years since WALA ended in June 2014, did any of those communities continue using any of the activities or infrastructure promoted or funded by WALA, and if so, how did those activities evolve? Zikomo kwambiri. Ndiri ndi chidwi kuti ndimve zinthu zomwe mwina zinasintha nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito komanso zomwe zachitika chichitikireni pulojekiti imeneyi. Mukaganizira madera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA, zaka zinayi zomwe zadutsazi kuchokera June 2014, kodi alipo anthu ena a mmadera amenewa omwe akhala akupitilizabe zochitikachitika kapena zinthu zina zomwe a WALA ankalimbikitsa? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi zinthu zimenezi zinasintha bwanji? a. What activities were scaled up and which were dropped? Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zinalimbikitsidwa komanso ndi ziti zomwe zinasiyidwa? 2. In your opinion, what factors contributed to WALA introduced interventions either being sustained, being scaled up or not being sustained among direct beneficiaries? M’maganizo mwanu, kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zinapangitsa ntchito za WALA kupitilizidwa kapena kupititsidwa patsogolo kapena kusiyidwa ndi anthu omwe anapindula kuchokera ku pulojekiti ya WALA? a. Were there any key elements or best practices that were essential to sustaining the WALA activities and practices that were continued? Kodi panali zinthu zofunikira kapena njira zabwino zomwe zinathandizira kuti upangili ndi ntchito za WALA zipitilizidwebe? 3. Do you know whether there was a follow-up project in these communities, and if so, whether that project was through Njira or UBALE or some other project? Kodi mukudziwapo ngati kunabweranso pulojekiti ina yotsatira mmadera amenewa? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi pulojekiti imeneyi inabwera kudzera ku pulojekiti ya NJIRA kapena UBALE kapena pulojekiti ina? a. If so, What effect do you think the follow-up project had on the sustainability of the WALA activities? Kodi mukuganiza kuti pulojekiti yotsatirayi inakhudza bwanji kapitilizidwe ka ntchito za WALA? 4. During the WALA project, were there any groups or local organizations (such as community-based organizations, faith-based organizations, or other groups) that were promoted or funded by WALA, and if so, what were they? Nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito, kodi panali magulu kapena mabungwe a ku mudzi (CBO), kapena mabungwe a mipingo kapenanso magulu ena okhazikitsidwa ndi WALA? Ngati ndi choncho, mungawafotokozepo mabungwe amenewa? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 5 WALA Evaluation If there was a group, ask a. Is that group still in existence? Kodi gululi lilipobe? If the respondent is answering from the district-level perspective, or regarding district-level activities, skip questions with an *. If no groups still exist, ask this question. b. * In the last 4 years since WALA ended in June 2014, have people in the communities where you worked for the WALA project had access to any community-based organizations, faith-based organizations, other groups, networks, or formal or informal institutions, such as financial institutions? We want to know if WALA activities are replicated over time. We’re most interested in things that were inspired by WALA. From here on, please confirm whether there was a Njira or UBALE follow-up project in the communities being discussed, if you do not already know that. Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni ntchito za WALA mu June, 2014, kodi anthu a mmadera momwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA akhala ndi mwayi okhala ndi mabungwe a ku mudzi (CBO), kapena mabungwe a mipingo, mabungwe ndi magulu ena, ovomerezeka kapena osavomerezeka monga ngati magulu osunga ndi kubwereketsa ndalama? If there are organizations in Q4 or Q4b, ask these questions. Otherwise, skip to question 10. 5. In the last 4 years since WALA ended in June 2014, has there been a change in how much people participate in organizations in the communities where you worked for the WALA project, for example participation in community-based organizations, faith-based organizations, or other groups—previously promoted by WALA or not, or other networks, groups, or formal or informal institutions, such as financial institutions? We want to know if WALA activities are sustained, improved, and/or replicated over time. We’re most interested in things that started during WALA and continued or were inspired by WALA. Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni ntchito za WALA mu June, 2014, kodi pakhala kusintha pa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akhala akutengapo mbali mu magulu kapena mabungwe a ku mudzi (CBO), kapena mabungwe a mipingo, mabungwe ndi magulu ena, ovomerezeka kapena osavomerezeka monga ngati magulu osunga ndi kubwereketsa ndalama, omwe anayambitsidwa ndi WALA kapena ayi? b. Why do you think that is? Mukuganiza kuti izi zili choncho chifukwa chiyani? 6. Thinking about local community-based and faith-based organizations and other groups in the communities in which you worked, in the 4 years since the WALA project ended, what activities have the local organizations undertaken? Confirm whether each activity mentioned is a continuation of an activity started during WALA or a new activity after WALA. (It could also be an activity that predated WALA.) Mukaganizira za mabungwe a ku mudzi (CBO), kapena mabungwe a mipingo, mabungwe ndi magulu ena mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito zaka zinayi zapitazi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi ndi ntchito zanji zomwe mabungwewa akhala akuchita? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 6 WALA Evaluation Probe. a. Do local organizations promote… Kodi mabungwe a mmadera amalimbikitsa… natural resource management or conservations agriculture practices, such as soil management or tree planting? kusunga za chilengedwe kapena ulimi oteteza nthaka kapenanso kubzala mitengo? b. watershed and irrigation management? Kuteteza nkhalango/kochokera mitsinje komanso ulimi wa mnthilira? c. savings and lending activities or groups? Zochitikachitika zokhudzana ndi kusunga kapena kubwereketsa ndalama kapena magulu ena oterewa? d. the management of food aid? Kayendetsedwe kabwino ka thandizo la chakudya? e. child nutrition? Kadyedwe kabwino ka ana? f. identifying and cultivating long-term contacts for marketing? Kupeza ndi kukhazikitsa olumikizana nawo okhazikika (long-term contacts) pa nkhani za malonda? g. any other activities or topics? Zochitika zina kapena mitu ina pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana? 7. [DRR] In the four years since the WALA project ended, has there been a change in the legal status of any of the community-based organizations in the community where you worked? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, pakhala kusintha kwina kulikonse pa kalembetsedwe ka mabungwe kuti akhale ovomelezeka kapena ayi mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito? a. [DRR] Are they registered with the appropriate government authorities? Kodi analembetsedwa ku mthambi za boma zoyenera? b. Are any of them cooperatives? Kodi pali ma cooperative (magulu a alimi ochita malonda pamodzi mogwirizana)? 8. Do these community-based organizations have leaders and a way to fund themselves (such as a plan that allows them to self-finance their activities, such as collecting money from members, or some other way to fund themselves)? Kodi mabungwe a ku dera amenewa ali ndi atsogoleri komanso ndondomeko zomwe zimawathandiza kudzipezera ndalama (monga ngati ndondomeko yowathandiza kuti adzitha kupeza ndalama yogwirira ntchito zawo monga ngati kutolera ndalama kuchokera kwa mamembala kapenanso njira zina zopezera ndalama zogwilira ntchito zawo)? If so, a. Does this group have a plan for how to use the funds? Kodi gulu limeneri liri ndi ndondomeko zogwiritsira ndalamazo? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 7 WALA Evaluation 9. In the four years since the project ended, did these organizations have access to any training, for example, did they participate in agricultural training provided by a government entity or another organization? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi mabungwe amenewa analandirapo maphunziro, mwachitsanzo, maphunziro a za ulimi operekedwa ndi nthambi ya boma kapena bungwe lina? 10.In the four years since the WALA project ended, did these community-based organizations receive any technical or managerial support from other organizations or have they found other ways to increase their technical or managerial capacities? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi mabungwe amenewa analandirapo ukadaulo kuchokera ku mabungwe ena kapena anapeza njira zina zopezera ukadaulo popititsa patsogolo ntchito zawo? 11.In the four years since the WALA project ended, have households in communities where you work had access to any training, for example, in agriculture, provided by a government entity or another organization? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi makomo omwe ali mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito analandirapo maphunziro, mwachitsanzo, maphunziro a za ulimi operekedwa ndi nthambi ya boma kapena bungwe lina? 12.In the four years since the WALA project ended, has there been a change in community participation in community activities, for example, in maintaining irrigation systems, keeping the community clean, or things like that? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi pali kusintha pa mmene anthu amatengerapo mbali muzochitikachitika za ku dera, mwachitsanzo, kutengapo gawo pokonza migula ya ulimi wa mthilira, kuonetsetsa kuti dera lawo ndi la ukhondo ndi zinthu zina zotero? a. Why do you think that is? Mukuona ngati ndi chifukwa chiyani izi zili tero? 13.In the four years since the WALA project ended, has there been a change in the ways benefits of community activities are distributed to all members of the community so that it is done so more equally? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi pakhala kusintha pa njira zoonetsetsa kuti phindu lochokera ku zochitika/zitukuko za ku dera likufika mofanana kwa anthu? a. How is this done, and how does that compare to how it was done before? Kodi izi zimachitika motani ndipo zikusiyana bwanji ndi mmene zinkachitikira kale? 14.During the WALA project, were there any connections created between the communities where you worked and external organizations or entities that have continued to provide money, in-kind support, or moral support to sustain the WALA activities after the end of the project? Nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito panali ubale wina ulionse omwe unakhazikitsidwa pakati pa anthu a mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito ndi mabungwe ena omwe akhala akupereka ndalama, zinthu kapena chithandizo china kuti ntchito za WALA zipitilire pulojekitiyi itatha? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 8 WALA Evaluation a. Since June 2014, have there been any new connections created between the communities where you worked and external organizations or entities that have provided money, in-kind support, or moral support to sustain the WALA activities? Kuchokera mwezi wa June, 2014 pakhala pali ubale wina ulionse watsopano omwe wakhazikitsidwa pakati pa anthu a mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito ndi mabungwe ena omwe akhala akupereka ndalama, zinthu kapena chithandizo china kuti ntchito za WALA zipitilire? If yes, there was a connection that has provided support in either Q13 or Q13a, ask, b. As far as you know, how effective [has this / have these] connection/s been in the last four years in supporting the WALA or WALA-inspired activities? Please specify which connection is being discussed, if there is more than one. Mmene mukudziwira, kodi [ubale / maubale] umenewu wakhala otani zaka zinayi zapitazi potukula ntchito za WALA kapena ntchito zomwe WALA anakhazikitsa? 15.Among the various WALA activities, (including village savings and lending groups, food for work, watershed management, agriculture training, child nutrition, and the like) which activities do you think have had the biggest impact on households in the communities where you worked as far as providing support for their livelihoods? Pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe WALA inkachita, (kuphatikizapo magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama, ntchito zolandira chakudya anthu akagwira ntchito ya chitukuko, kuteteza chilengedwe, maphunziro a ulimi, kadyedwe ka ana ndi zina) ndi ntchito ziti zomwe mukuganiza kuti zathandiza kwambiri kutukula miyoyo mmabanja mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito? a. Why do you think that is? Mukuganiza kuti izi zili choncho chifukwa chiyani? 16.Have there been any unintended consequences—either positive or negative—of the WALA activities and practices, that is, changes that have occurred but were not expected? Pulojekiti ya WALA inali ndi zolinga zomwe imafuna kukwaniritsa, kodi pali zotsatila zomwe simumalingalira, kaya zabwino kapena zoyipa, zomwe zabwera chifukwa cha ntchito za WALA, kapena kusintha kwa zinthu komwe sikunayembekezereke? D. Impact on Resiliency – 30 minutes 1. Thank you. Now I would like to learn a little more about the main shocks and stresses in the district or districts where you worked. In the last 4 years, that is since June 2014 when the WALA project ended, what have been the main shocks and stresses in the district or districts where you worked (for example flooding, drought, wildfires, erosion, sickness or disease, conflict, crime, poverty, market failure, grid failure, dam failure, or the like)?) Zikomo kwambiri. Tsopano ndikufuna kumvapo za mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi m’boma kapena mmaboma omwe munkagwirako ntchito. Zaka zinayi zapitazi, kuyambira mwezi wa June 2014 pomwe ntchito za WALA zinatsilizidwa, kodi ndi mavuto enieni ati ogwa mwadzidzidzi, m’boma kapena mmaboma omwe munkagwirako ntchito omwe munakumana nawo (mwachitsanzo, kusefulira kwa madzi, ng’amba, moto olusa, kukokoloka kwa nthaka, matenda, mikangano, umbava, umphawi, kutsika mitengo kwa zinthu zomwe anthu amagulitsa mmisika, kuphulika kwa damu la madzi ndi zina)?) Probe if necessary for each of the shocks or stresses. a. When did this start? Kodi izi zinayamba liti? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 9 WALA Evaluation b. How widespread was this / How many communities or people were affected? Kodi mavuto amenewa anali aakulu bwanji? / Ndi madera angati kapena anthu angati anakhudzidwa? c. How long did this go on / When did conditions improve? Kodi izi zinachitika kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? / Kodi zinatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti zinthu zikhale bwino? d. Have there been any other shocks or stresses that have affected the lives or livelihoods of the people living in the communities where you worked for the WALA project? Kodi palinso mavuto ena ogwa mwadzidzidzi omwe akhudza miyoyo ya anthu omwe amakhala mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito za WALA? 2. The WALA project tried to strengthen the resiliency capacities of households. By resiliency capacity, I mean skills, resources and assets households have, to resist, cope with and recover from shocks and stresses. In your opinion, did the WALA interventions improve the ability of communities where you worked to absorb the effects of flooding and drought? Pulojekiti ya WALA inayesera kulimbikitsa upangiri wa momwe mabanja angapilire ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Tikati upangili wothandiza kupilira ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana tikutanthauza luso, zipangizo kapena katundu yemwe mabanja alinaye, othandizira kuphelera, kuthana ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu mchimake. Mmaganizo anu, zochitika za WALA zatukula upangili odziteteza ku mavuto akusefukira kwa madzi komanso ng’amba mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito? If yes, a. How? Munjira yanji? b. Do you think the WALA interventions improved the ability of communities where you worked to absorb the effects of shocks through adapting their strategies to ensure all members of their households have a sufficient amount of nutritious food year round? Mukuganiza kuti zochitika za WALA zatukula upangili odziteteza ku mavuto ogwa mwadzidzi mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito kupyolera mukusintha kwa machitidwe a zinthu kuti anthu okhala mmabanja amenewa athe kukhala ndi chakudya chopereka thanzi komanso chokwanira chaka chonse? If yes, i. How? Munjira yanji? 3. Thinking about the 2015-2016 drought, do you think the WALA project helped households build up their capacities to resist, deal with, and recover from the 2015-2016 drought? Tikaona njala ya 2015-2016, mukuganiza kuti pulojekiti ya WALA inathandiza mabanja kukhala ndi upangiri odzitetezera, kuthana ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu mchimake ku ng’amba ya 2015-2016? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 10 WALA Evaluation If yes, a. How? Munjira yanji? 4. * I would like to ask you about whether and how some strategies have changed in the communities you worked in for the WALA project since the project began. I would like to start with different coping mechanisms, by which I mean ways that households or communities can change to deal with stresses or shocks like the ones we have talked about. In your opinion, how have the households in the communities you worked with for the WALA project changed the following strategies, if at all, to cope with shocks: Tsopano ndikufuna ndikufunseni ngatinjira zina zasintha mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito za WALA komanso kuti zasintha motani. Ndiyamba ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi mavuto. Apa ndikutanthauza mmene mabanja kapena madera atha kuthana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi monga ngati omwe takambirana kalewa. Mmaganizo anu, njira zotsatirazi zothanirana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi zasintha motani mu madera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA, ngati zasinthako? a. The first strategy is changing what households eat to deal with shocks, for example, relying on less preferred and less expensive foods. What changes have households made in dietary (food) make-up or what they eat to cope with shocks since the project began? Ensure they talk about the dietary mix used to deal with shocks before WALA and after. Njira yoyamba ndi kusintha zomwe mabanja amadya kuti athane ndi mavuto, mwachitsanzo, kudalira chakudya chomwe ambiri sachikonda kapena chotsika mtengo. Kodi ndi kusintha kuti komwe mabanja apanga okhudzana ndi madyedwe kuti athane ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi kuyambira pomwe pulojekiti inayambira? b. The second strategy is sources and amount of short-term food households can access, for example borrowing food from a friend or relative, gathering wild foods, hunting, harvesting immature crops, or consuming seed stock held for the next season. How have the communities you worked with for the WALA project changed in terms of the source and amount of short-term household food they have available to them and use? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Njira yachiwiri ndi kapezedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mwakanthawi zomwe mabanja angapeze, mwachitsanzo, kubwereka chakudya kuchokera kwa mzawo kapena wachibale, kutola zakudya za mtchire, kusaka nyama, kukolora mbeu yomwe sinankhwime kapena kudya mbeu yosungidwa yoti adzadzale nyengo yolima ikubwerayo. Kodi anthu a mmadera momwe munkagwira ntchito za WALA asintha bwanji pa kapezedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mwakanthawi chabe? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 11 WALA Evaluation c. The third strategy is decreasing the number of people per household as a coping mechanism to deal with shocks through sending children to eat with neighbors or relatives, sending household members to beg, and the like. In the communities you worked in, do you think there has been a change is the use of this coping mechanism to deal with shocks either in how much it is used or how it is used? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Njira yachitatu ndi yochepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu pakhomo ngati njira imodzi yothanirana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi monga kutumiza ana kuti akadye kwa anthu oyandikana nawo kapena achibale, kutumiza anthu ena apakhomo kuti adzipemphetsa ndi zina zotero. Mu madera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito mukuganiza kuti pali kusintha pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa njira imeneyi yothanirana ndi mavuto potengera kuti ikugwilitsidwa ntchito mowilikiza bwanji kapena kuti ikugwilitsidwa motani? d. Finally, rationing is a strategy to cope with shocks, meaning limiting portion size at mealtimes or reducing the number of meals eaten in a day. Since the project began, do you think that the communities you worked in have changed the amount of rationing they use or used different rationing strategies to deal with shocks and stresses? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Pomaliza, kuchepetsa mlingo kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapenanso kuchepetsa nambala ya zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa patsiku ndi njira yothanirana ndi mavuto. Chiyambireni pulojekitiyi, mukuganiza kuti anthu a mmadera momwe munkagwiramo ntchito asintha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe amadya kapena akugwiritsa ntchito njira zina za kagawidwe ka chakudya ndi cholinga chofuna kuthana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidziwa? 5. Now I would like to ask you about some other strategies that households in the communities you worked in for the WALA project have adopted since the project began. To maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, have the communities you worked with for the WALA project diversified income sources? We want to know if WALA strategies have been adopted, used, expanded, and/or changed over time. We’re interested in knowing when and how the strategies have changed, and if possible why and how they are used. Tsopano ndikufuna ndikufunseni za njira zina zomwe mabanja a mmadera momwe munkagwira ntchito za WALA anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chiyambireni pulojekitiyi. Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA apeza njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera chuma? If yes, a. What changes in income sources have you seen, and how has this worked? Kodi ndi njira ziti zosinthika zopezera chuma zomwe mwaona ndiponso zagwira ntchito bwanji? b. Have households continued activities such as farming, livestock production and fisheries to the same extent? Kodi mabanja akadapitilizabe ntchito ngati ulimi, ulimi wa ziweto kapena ulimi wa nsomba monga mmene ankachitira? c. * Have households taken crop or livestock insurance? Kodi mabanja atengapo chitetezo kapena kuti insuransi ya mbeu kapena ziweto? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 12 WALA Evaluation If yes, i. Please tell me about the changes made. Chonde ndifotokozereni zomwe zasintha. d. * To maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, have households in the communities you worked with for the WALA project used savings and loan groups or banks more than they had before the project began? Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA agwiritsa ntchito magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena mabanki kuposa mmene ankachitira pulojekitiyi isanayambe? If yes, i. Have households used savings and loans groups or banks more or less since the project ended 4 years ago? Kodi mabanja agwiritsa ntchito magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena mabanki mochulukirapo kapena mocheperapo chimalizireni pulojekitiyi zaka zinayi zapitazi? e. To maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, have households in the communities you worked with for the WALA project increased memberships in social groups (such as savings and lending groups or mothers groups) more than they had before the project began? Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA ali ndi mamembala ambiri mu magulu monga osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena magulu a amayi mochulukirapo kusiyana ndi mmene zinaliri pulojekitiyi isanayambe? If yes, i. Have households increased or decreased memberships in social groups since the project ended 4 years ago? Kodi mabanja awonjenjezera kapena kuchepetsa umembala mu magulu osiyanasiyana chimalizireni pulojekitiyi zaka zinayi zapitazi? f. * Of the strategies we have discussed to maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, or other strategies that you know about, which strategies have made the greatest contributions to helping the households in the communities you worked with for the WALA project become secure in their access to food year-round and able to deal with shocks? Njira zimene takambirana zokhudza kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kapena njira zina zomwe mukuzidziwa, ndi njira ziti zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kuti mabanja mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA akhale ndi chakudya chokwanira chaka chonse komanso kukhala ndi upangili othana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi? i. Why do you think that is? Mukuganiza kuti izi zili choncho chifukwa chiyani? 6. In the communities you worked with for the WALA project, how has access and availability of food changed since the project began and since the project ended? Mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA, kodi kapezedwe ka chakudya kasintha bwanji chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 13 WALA Evaluation a. Has there been a change in the need for direct food aid or food rations in the communities you worked with for the WALA project since the project began and in the four years since the project ended? Kodi pali kusintha potengera kufunikira kwa chithandizo cha chakudya kapena kagawana kwa chakudya mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso zaka zinayi chimalizireni pulojekitiyi? b. Has participation in food for work programs changed from before the project started and since it ended? Kodi kutenga nawo gawo pa ntchito zachitukuko zomwe malipiro ake ndi chakudya kwasintha kuyambira pomwe pulojekitiyi inayamba komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? c. In the communities you worked with for the WALA project, has there been a change in the diversity of diets in the households, that is a change in amount and variety of nutritious and protein-rich food that people in each household consume, such as meat, milk and the like since the project started and in the four years since it ended? Kodi mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA, kodi pali kusintha kwina kuli konse pa zakudya zosiyanasiyana mmabanja? Apa tikutanthauza kuti pali kusintha pa kuchuluka komanso kukhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zopatsa thanzi komanso zomanga matupi zomwe banja liri lonse limadya monga ngati nyama, mkaka ndi zina chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi pomwe inafika kumapeto? 7. [Ag DRR] Now thinking about since the project began, and the time since the project ended, I would like to ask you a bit about natural resource management in the communities you worked with for the WALA project. Have you noticed a change in how active farmers in those communities have been in watershed management compared to when the project started, and compared to when the project ended? Tsopano tikaganizira pomwe pulojekitiyi inayamba ndi pomwe inafika kumapeto, ndikufuna ndikufunseni mafunso pang’ono okhudza kusunga za chilengedwe mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA. Kodi mwaonapo kusintha kwina kuli konse pa mmene alimi akuchitira pofuna kusunga chilengedwe mmalo mmene mumachokera mitsinje poyerekeza ndi mmene pulojekitiyi inkayamba komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? a. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years has the area under irrigation changed? Zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi kukula kwa dera lomwe kumachitika ulimi wa mthilira kwasintha? i. Why is that? Probe for water availability, investments in irrigation technology, more market demand, better price for irrigated crops, etc. Ndi chifukwa chiyani zili choncho? b. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years have farmers in these communities applied new seeds or agriculture methods? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi alimi mmadera amenewa abzalapo mbeu zatsopano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira za makono za ulimi? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 14 WALA Evaluation c. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years have farmers in these communities changed how they manage insects and other crop pests or diseases? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi alimi mmadera amenewa asintha mmene amathanirana ndi tizilombo toononga mbeu kapena matenda? d. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years has access to weather-related early warning and response systems for farmers in these communities changed? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi njira zopezera mauthenga a za nyengo ndi mmene alimi angachitire zasintha mmadera amenewa? 8. In your opinion, did WALA introduce any new ideas in the communities you worked in? Mmaganizo anu, kodi pulojekiti ya WALA inabweretsa maganizo atsopano mu madera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA? If yes, a. What were the new ideas they introduced and were they useful? Kodi ndi maganizo ati atsopano omwe inabweretsa ndipo kodi anali aphindu? Probe for • Conservation agriculture • Private Service Providers (PSPs) • Agriculture Service Providers (ASP) • Community Animal Health Workers (Paravets) • Irrigation • Group marketing • Village savings and loan groups • Watershed management, and • Disaster response groups. If they were useful, ask i. Are the ideas still useful today, and if so why? Kodi maganizo amenewa akadali a phindu lero lino? Ngati ndi choncho, mchifukwa chiyani? 9. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years, have farmers in the communities you worked in for the WALA project adopted any soil management practices that minimize erosion or maintain soil cover, such as crop rotation or tree planting? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi, kodi alimi mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera nthaka kuti isakokoloke monga ngati kasinthasintha wa mbeu kapena kubzala mitengo? a. Why is that? Kodi izi zili chomwechi chifukwa chiyani? If they have adopted conservation agriculture practices (9), ask these questions. b. What effects have these practices had on farm production for households in these communities? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji zokolora mmabanja a mmadera amenewa? 4A Implementing Partner Interview Guide 15 WALA Evaluation c. What effects have these practices had on the amount of labor farmers need in these communities? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe alimi amakhala nayo mmadera amenewa? d. What effects have these practices had on production costs in these communities? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji ndalama yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa munda mmadera amenewa? 10.Since June 2014 have farmers in the communities you worked in for the WALA project had more or less maize they produced themselves to consume? Kuyambira mwezi wa June 2014 kodi alimi mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA ali ndi chimanga chochuluka kapena chochepa chomwe analima okha kuti adye? a. Why is that? Kodi izi zili chomwechi chifukwa chiyani? 11.Those are all of the questions that I have. Is there anything else you’d like to tell me about the topics we discussed today? Awa ndi mafunso onse amene ndinali nawo. Palinso china choonjezera chimene mungafune kundiuza pa mitu imene takambirana lero? Thank you for your time and participation. It is greatly appreciated. Zikomo chifukwa cha nthawi yanu komanso potenga nawo mbali. Ndathokoza kwambiri. Turn off voice recorder. Please note any additional information about the interview, such as the language(s) used, if the participant was friendly/talkative, any problems encountered, etc. Once these notes have been taken, read them into the digital recorder. 4B Government Official Interview Guide 1 WALA Evaluation WALA Long-Term Impact Evaluation Key Informant Interview Guide for Government Officials This guide is for key informant interviews to be conducted with up to 8 government officials. ERIE will provide guidance and criteria to identify participants to be recruited. Directions to the interviewer are in italics; do not read aloud. Do not let the interview last more than 90 minutes without the permission of the participant. Questions in bold, non-italicized text must be asked. Questions in non-bold, non-italicized text are probes for use if the participant does not touch on the subject of the probe. Questions in blue are second priority questions. Do not ask them if you are not able to get to all primary questions in the 90 minute interview. You should ask blue questions if the primary questions are finished in 90 minutes or less. Or, if any questions have reached saturation, before subsequent interviews, cross out saturated questions and circle second priority questions to be asked. Before starting the interview, read into the digital recorder the respondent name, district, location, date, start time, participant gender, language used and protocol type (Government Official). Corrections or additions can be made to this information in the notes taken at the end of the interview, if need be. A. Introduction and Consent for Audio Recording – 5 minutes The purpose of this section is to introduce the participant to the study and request consent for audio recording. Thank you for taking the time for this discussion today. My name is [NAME]. Zikomo chifukwa chotenga nthawi yanu pazokambirana zathu lero. Dzina langa ndine [NAME]. I am working for Wadonda Consult Limited gathering information for the evaluation of the Wellness and Agriculture for Life Advancement Project, also known as the WALA Project, carried out from 2009 to 2014. Ndimagwira ntchito ku bungwe la kafukufuku lotchedwa Wadonda Consult ndipo pakali pano tikuunika/kufufuza mmene pulojekiti ya Wellness and Agriculture for Life Advancement Project yomwe imadziwikanso mwachidule kuti WALA inagwilira ntchito zake kuyambira mchaka cha 2009 mpaka 2014. I would like to talk with you because you played an important role in the activities supported by the project. Ndikufuna kucheza nanu chifukwa inu munatengapo gawo lofunika kwambiri muzochitika za pulojekiti imeneyi. Our study is funded by USAID. As you might know, it is a US agency that provides aid and development assistance to other countries. Kafukufuku ameneyu akuchitika ndi thandizo lochokera ku bungwe la USAID. Monga mungathe kudziwa, ili ndi bungwe la boma la America lomwe limapereka thandizo la chuma ndi chitukuko m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. 4B Government Official Interview Guide 2 WALA Evaluation The study is designed to learn about whether and how the project’s activities and outcomes have been sustained and to learn more about its impacts in areas such as food security and child nutrition. Kafukufukuyu wakonzedwa munjira yoti tidziwe ngati zochitikachitika za pulojekitiyi ndi zotsatira zake zikadali kutsatilidwa komanso tikufuna tiphunzire kuti zimenezi zakhudza bwanji nkhani yokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kadyetsedwe/kadyedwe ka ana. We want to learn about your experiences with implementation and operation of the project and hear your opinions regarding project sustainability. Tikufuna tiphunzire zomwe inu mumakumana nazo poyendetsa nawo pulojekitiyi komanso tifuna timve maganizo anu pa momwe zochitikachitika za pulojekitiyi zingapititsidwe patsogolo kapena kuti kupitilizidwa. The interview is expected to take about 1.5 half hours. Kucheza kwathu kutenga pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka (1.5 hours.) There are no right or wrong answers in this interview. Palibe mayankho olondola kapena olakwika pa kucheza kwathuku. Participation in this discussion is voluntary. You may skip any question you do not want to answer, and you may stop participating at any time. Kutenga nawo mbali pa zokambiranazi nkongodzipereka chabe. Muli ndi ufulu kusayankha funso lililonse lomwe simukufuna kuyankha. Mukhozanso kusiya machezawa/kuchezaku nthawi ina iliyonse. There is no risk and no direct advantage for participating in this study. Palibe chiopsezo kapena mwai wapadera wobwera chifukwa chotenga nao mbali pa kafukufukuyu. However, studies such as this one can help organizations like design better programs that are effective in addressing food security and malnutrition here and elsewhere. Ngakhale zili choncho, kafukufuku ngati uyu atha kuthandiza mabungwe kupanga mapulogalamu abwino omwe angathandize ku nkhani yokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chakudya mmatupi a wanthu mmayiko ena ambiri. Your experience provides invaluable input. Upangili wanu udzathandiza kwambiri kukwaniritsa zimenezi. None of your responses will be identified as yours in study reports or shared with anyone outside the study team. Lipoti la zotsatira za kafukufukuyu silidzakhala ndi chirichonse chozindikiritsa inu komanso mayankho anu sadzaperekedwa kwa wina aliyense yemwe sakuchita nawo kafukufukuyu. Any information you provide that can identify you will not be shared with anyone outside the study team. Zomwe mungafotokoze zomwe zingakuzindikiritseni sizidzaperekedwa kwa wina aliyense yemwe sakuchita nawo kafukufukuyu. 4B Government Official Interview Guide 3 WALA Evaluation If you have any questions, concerns, or complaints about the study or your rights as a participant, please feel free to ask at any time. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, nkhawa kapena dandaulo lirilonse kukhudzana ndi kafukufukuyu kapena ufulu wanu monga wotenga nawo mbali mu machezawa, khalani womasuka kundifunsa nthawi iliyonse. Should you have any questions I cannot answer, you may call Peter Mvula or Ephraim Chirwa, who are leading our team and whose phone number is written on this card. Ngati pali zoti sinditha kukuyankhani, mukhonzanso kuimbira phone a Peter Mvula kapena a Ephraim Chirwa amene akutsogolera gulu lathu, ndipo nambala yawo ya lamya yalembedwa pa khadi yaperekedwayi. Finally, I would like to get your permission to record our discussion and take notes. Pomaliza, ndipemphe nawo chilolezo kuti nditepe/ndijambule mawu komanso ndilembe zomwe tikukambiranazi. The purpose of doing this is to ensure we can accurately capture the thoughts and ideas you share. Izi zichitika ndi cholinga choti ndithe kutenga maganizo anu molondola pa zokambirana zathuzi. The recordings will only be heard by the researchers involved in this study. Zonse zomwe titatepe/titajambule zikamvetseredwa ndi tokhafe amene tikugwira ntchito mu kafukufukuyu. Do I have your permission to record the discussion? Kodi ndili oloredwa kuti nditepe/ndijambule nao zokambiranazi? If yes, start voice recorder. Do you have any questions before we begin? Muli ndi mafunso ena alionse tisanayambe kucheza kwathu? Once questions have been answered, please proceed with the guide below. B. Background information – 5 minutes 1. To start, can you please tell me your name for the recording? Poyamba, mungandiuzeko dzina lanu kuti nditepe/ndijambule? 2. Thank you. What is your position at [GOVERNMENT OFFICE NAME] and what area do you cover? Zikomo. Udindo wanu ndi wotani ku [GOVERNMENT OFFICE NAME] komanso mumayendera dera liti? a. How long have you been in this position? Probe for year they started (and ended). Mwakhala pa udindo umenewu kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? 3. Can you describe your role and your participation in activities and initiatives related to the WALA project and which district or districts you worked in? Mungafotokozeko za udindo wanu komanso mbali imene mumatenga mu zochitika zokhudzana ndi project ya WALA komanso boma / maboma omwe munagwirako ntchito? 4B Government Official Interview Guide 4 WALA Evaluation C. Sustainability – 30 minutes 1. Thank you. I am interested in learning about any changes that might have occurred during WALA, and even more, what has happened since. If you think about the communities where you worked for the WALA project, in the four years since WALA ended in June 2014, did any of those communities continue using any of the activities or infrastructure promoted or funded by WALA, and if so, how did those activities evolve? Zikomo kwambiri. Ndiri ndi chidwi kuti ndimve zinthu zomwe mwina zinasintha nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito komanso zomwe zachitika chichitikireni pulojekiti imeneyi. Mukaganizira madera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA, zaka zinayi zomwe zadutsazi kuchokera June 2014, kodi alipo anthu ena a mmadera amenewa omwe akhala akupitilizabe zochitikachitika kapena zinthu zina zomwe a WALA ankalimbikitsa? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi zinthu zimenezi zinasintha bwanji? a. What activities were scaled up and which were dropped? Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zinalimbikitsidwa komanso ndi ziti zomwe zinasiyidwa? 2. In your opinion, what factors contributed to WALA introduced interventions either being sustained, being scaled up or not being sustained among direct beneficiaries? M’maganizo mwanu, kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zinapangitsa ntchito za WALA kupitilizidwa kapena kupititsidwa patsogolo kapena kusiyidwa ndi anthu omwe anapindula kuchokera ku pulojekiti ya WALA? a. Were there any key elements or best practices that were essential to sustaining the WALA activities and practices that were continued? Kodi panali zinthu zofunikira kapena njira zabwino zomwe zinathandizira kuti upangili ndi ntchito za WALA zipitilizidwebe? 3. Was there any WALA activities that the government adopted and scaled up in WALA communities or other communities? Kodi panali ntchito zina za WALA zomwe boma linatengera ndi kupititsa patsogolo mmadera omwe WALA inkagwira ntchito komanso ku madera ena? a. If so, What were those activities and why did the government decide to promote them? Kodi ntchito zimenezi ndi ziti ndipo ndi chifukwa chiyani boma linaganiza zopititsa patsogolo ma pulogalamu amenewa? 4. Do you know whether there was a follow-up project in these communities, and if so, whether that project was through Njira or UBALE or some other project? Kodi mukudziwapo ngati kunabweranso pulojekiti ina yotsatira mmadera amenewa? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi pulojekiti imeneyi inabwera kudzera ku pulojekiti ya NJIRA kapena UBALE kapena pulojekiti ina? a. If so, What effect do you think the follow-up project had on the sustainability of the WALA activities? Kodi mukuganiza kuti pulojekiti yotsatirayi inakhudza bwanji kapitilizidwe ka ntchito za WALA? 4B Government Official Interview Guide 5 WALA Evaluation 5. Have there been any unintended consequences—either positive or negative—of the WALA activities and practices, that is, changes that have occurred but were not expected? Pulojekiti ya WALA inali ndi zolinga zomwe imafuna kukwaniritsa,kodi pali zotsatila zomwe simumalingalira, kaya zabwino kapena zoyipa, zomwe zabwera chifukwa cha ntchito za WALA, kapena kusintha kwa zinthu komwe sikunayembekezereke? D. Impact on Resiliency – 30 minutes 1. Thank you. Now I would like to learn a little more about the main shocks and stresses in the district or districts where you worked. In the last 4 years, that is since June 2014 when the WALA project ended, what have been the main shocks and stresses in the district or districts where you worked (for example flooding, drought, wildfires, erosion, sickness or disease, conflict, crime, poverty, market failure, grid failure, dam failure, or the like)? Zikomo kwambiri. Tsopano ndikufuna kumvapo za mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi m’boma kapena mmaboma omwe munkagwirako ntchito. Zaka zinayi zapitazi, kuyambira mwezi wa June 2014 pomwe ntchito za WALA zinatsilizidwa, kodi ndi mavuto enieni ati ogwa mwadzidzidzi, m’boma kapena mmaboma omwe munkagwirako ntchito omwe munakumana nawo (mwachitsanzo, kusefulira kwa madzi, ng’amba, moto olusa, kukokoloka kwa nthaka, matenda, mikangano, umbava, umphawi, kutsika mitengo kwa zinthu zomwe anthu amagulitsa mmisika, kuphulika kwa damu la madzi ndi zina)? Probe if necessary for each shocks or stress. a. When did this start? Kodi izi zinayamba liti? b. How widespread was this / How many communities or people were affected? Kodi mavuto amenewa anali aakulu bwanji? / Ndi madera angati kapena anthu angati anakhudzidwa? c. How long did this go on / When did conditions improve? Kodi izi zinachitika kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? / Kodi zinatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti zinthu zikhale bwino? d. Have there been any other shocks or stresses that have affected the lives or livelihoods of the people living in the communities where you worked for the WALA project? Kodi palinso mavuto ena ogwa mwadzidzidzi omwe akhudza miyoyo ya anthu omwe amakhala mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito za WALA? 2. The WALA project tried to strengthen the resiliency capacities of households. By resiliency capacity, I mean skills, resources and assets households have to resist, cope with and recover from shocks and stresses. In your opinion, did the WALA interventions improve the ability of households in the communities where you worked to absorb the effects of flooding and drought? Pulojekiti ya WALA inayesera kulimbikitsa upangiri wa momwe mabanja angapilire ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Tikati upangili wothandiza kupilira ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana tikutanthauza luso, zipangizo kapena katundu yemwe mabanja alinaye, kuphelera, kuthana ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu mchimake. Mmaganizo anu, zochitika za WALA zatukula upangili odziteteza ku mavuto akusefukira kwa madzi komanso ng’amba mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito? 4B Government Official Interview Guide 6 WALA Evaluation If yes, a. How? Munjira yanji? b. Do you think the WALA interventions improved the ability of households in the communities where you worked to absorb the effects of shocks through adapting their strategies to ensure all members of households have a sufficient amount of nutritious food year round? Mukuganiza kuti zochitika za WALA zatukula upangili odziteteza ku mavuto ogwa mwadzidzi mmadera omwe munkagwirako ntchito kupyolera mukusintha kwa machitidwe a zinthu kuti anthu okhala mmabanja amenewa athe kukhala ndi chakudya chopereka thanzi komanso chokwanira chaka chonse? If yes, i. How? Munjira yanji? 3. Thinking about the 2015-2016 drought, do you think the WALA project helped households build up their capacities to resist, deal with, and recover from the 2015-2016 drought? Tikaona njala ya 2015-2016, mukuganiza kuti pulojekiti ya WALA inathandiza mabanja kukhala ndi upangiri odzitetezera, kuthana ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu mchimake ku ng’amba ya 2015-2016? If yes, a. How? Munjira yanji? *We are trying to get household level information here, so this might not be relevant for the government official. However, if they can share their experience in the communities as a whole, that would help. 4. *I would like to ask you about whether and how some strategies have changed in the WALA communities you are familiar with since the project began. I would like to start with different coping mechanisms, by which I mean ways that households or communities can change to deal with stresses or shocks like the ones we have talked about. In your opinion, how have the households in the WALA communities you are familiar with changed the following strategies, if at all, to cope with shocks: *Tsopano ndikufuna ndikufunseni za ngati njira zina zasintha mmadera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA komanso kuti zasintha motani. Ndiyamba ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi mavuto. Apa ndikutanthauza mmene mabanja kapena madera atha kuthana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi monga ngati omwe takambirana kalewa. Mmaganizo anu, njira zotsatirazi zothanirana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi zasintha motani mu madera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA omwe mukuwadziwa, ngati zasinthako? a. The first strategy is changing what households eat to deal with shocks, for example, relying on less preferred and less expensive foods. What changes have households made in dietary (food) make-up or what they eat to cope with shocks since the project began? Ensure they talk about the dietary mix used to deal with shocks before WALA and after. Njira yoyamba ndi kusintha zomwe mabanja amadya kuti athane ndi mavuto, mwachitsanzo, kudalira chakudya chomwe ambiri sachikonda kapena chotsika mtengo. Kodi ndi kusintha kuti komwe mabanja apanga okhudzana ndi madyedwe kuti athane ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi kuyambira pomwe pulojekiti inayambira? 4B Government Official Interview Guide 7 WALA Evaluation b. The second strategy is sources and amount of short-term food households can access, for example borrowing food from a friend or relative, gathering wild foods, hunting, harvesting immature crops, or consuming seed stock held for the next season. How have the WALA communities changed in terms of the source and amount of short-term household food they have available to them and use? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Njira yachiwiri ndi kapezedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mwakanthawi zomwe mabanja angapeze, mwachitsanzo, kubwereka chakudya kuchokera kwa mzawo kapena wachibale, kutola zakudya za mtchire, kusaka nyama, kukolora mbeu yomwe sinankhwime kapena kudya mbeu yosungidwa yoti adzadzale nyengo yolima ikubwerayo. Kodi anthu a mmadera momwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA asintha bwanji pa kapezedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mwakanthawi chabe? c. The third strategy is decreasing the number of people per household as a coping mechanism to deal with shocks through sending children to eat with neighbors or relatives, sending household members to beg, and the like. In the communities you worked in, do you think there has been a change is the use of this coping mechanism to deal with shocks either in how much it is used or how it is used? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Njira yachitatu ndi yochepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu pakhomo ngati njira imodzi yothanirana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi monga kutumiza ana kuti akadye kwa anthu oyandikana nawo kapena achibale, kutumiza anthu ena apakhomo kuti adzipemphetsa ndi zina zotero. Mu madera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito mukuganiza kuti pali kusintha pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa njira imeneyi yothanirana ndi mavuto potengera kuti ikugwilitsidwa ntchito mowilikiza bwanji kapena kuti ikugwilitsidwa motani? d. [H] Finally, rationing is a strategy to cope with shocks, meaning limiting portion size at mealtimes or reducing the number of meals eaten in a day. Since the project began, do you think that the communities you worked in have changed the amount of rationing they use or used different rationing strategies to deal with shocks and stresses? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Pomaliza, kuchepetsa mlingo kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapenanso kuchepetsa nambala ya zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa patsiku ndi njira yothanirana ndi mavuto. Chiyambireni pulojekitiyi, mukuganiza kuti anthu a mmadera momwe munkagwiramo ntchito asintha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe amadya kapena akugwiritsa ntchito njira zina za kagawidwe ka chakudya ndi cholinga chofuna kuthana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidziwa? 4B Government Official Interview Guide 8 WALA Evaluation 5. Now I would like to ask you about some other strategies that households in the WALA communities have adopted since the project began. To maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, have the communities diversified income sources? We want to know if WALA strategies have been adopted, used, expanded, and/or changed over time. We’re interested in knowing when and how the strategies have changed, and if possible why and how they are used. Tsopano ndikufuna ndikufunseni za njira zina zomwe mabanja a mmadera momwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chiyambireni pulojekitiyi. Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a mmadera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA apeza njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera chuma? If yes, a. What changes in income sources have you seen, and how has this worked? Kodi ndi njira ziti zosinthika zopezera chuma zomwe mwaona ndiponso zagwira ntchito bwanji? b. [Ag] Have households continued activities such as farming, livestock production and fisheries to the same extent? Kodi mabanja akadapitilizabe ntchito ngati ulimi, ulimi wa ziweto kapena ulimi wa nsomba monga mmene ankachitira? c. [Ag] Have households taken crop or livestock insurance? Kodi mabanja atengapo chitetezo kapena kuti insuransi ya mbeu kapena ziweto? If yes, i. Please tell me about the changes made. Chonde ndifotokozereni zomwe zasintha. d. *To maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, have households in the WALA communities used savings and loan groups or banks more than they had before the project began? Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a mmadera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA agwiritsa ntchito magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena mabanki kuposa mmene ankachitira pulojekitiyi isanayambe? If yes, i. Have households used savings and loans groups or banks more or less since the project ended 4 years ago? Kodi mabanja agwiritsa ntchito magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena mabanki mochulukirapo kapena mocheperapo chimalizireni pulojekitiyi zaka zinayi zapitazi? e. * To maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, have households in the communities increased memberships in social groups (such as savings and lending groups or mothers groups) more than they had before the project began? Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a mmadera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA ali ndi mamembala ambiri mu magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena magulu a amayi mochulukirapo kusiyana ndi mmene zinaliri pulojekitiyi isanayambe? 4B Government Official Interview Guide 9 WALA Evaluation If yes, i. Have households increased or decreased memberships in social groups since the project ended 4 years ago? Kodi mabanja awonjenjezera kapena kuchepetsa umembala mu magulu osiyanasiyana chimalizireni pulojekitiyi zaka zinayi zapitazi? f. Of the strategies we have discussed to maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, or other strategies that you know about, which strategies have made the greatest contributions to helping the households in the WALA communities become secure in their access to food year-round and able to deal with shocks? Njira zimene takambirana zokhudza kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kapena njira zina zomwe mukuzidziwa, ndi njira ziti zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kuti mabanja mmadera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA akhale ndi chakudya chokwanira chaka chonse komanso kukhala ndi upangili othana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi? i. Why do you think that is? Mukuganiza kuti izi zili choncho chifukwa chiyani? 6. In the WALA communities, how has access and availability of food changed since the project began and since the project ended? Mmadera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA, kodi kapezedwe ka chakudya kasintha bwanji chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? a. Has there been a change in the need for direct food aid or food rations in the WALA communities since the project began and in the four years since the project ended? Kodi pali kusintha potengera kufunikira kwa chithandizo cha chakudya kapena kugawana kwa chakudya mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso zaka zinayi chimalizireni pulojekitiyi? b. Has participation in food for work programs changed from before the project started and since it ended? Kodi kutenga nawo gawo pa ntchito zachitukuko zomwe malipiro ake ndi chakudya kwasintha kuyambira pomwe pulojekitiyi inayamba komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? c. * In the communities, has there been a change in the diversity of diets in the households, that is a change in amount and variety of nutritious and protein￾rich food that people in each household consume, such as meat, milk and the like since the project started and in the four years since it ended? Kodi mmadera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA, kodi pali kusintha kwina kuli konse pa zakudya zosiyanasiyana mmabanja? Apa tikutanthauza kuti pali kusintha pa kuchuluka komanso kukhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zopatsa thanzi komanso zomanga matupi zomwe banja liri lonse limadya monga ngati nyama, mkaka ndi zina chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi pomwe inafika kumapeto? 4B Government Official Interview Guide 10 WALA Evaluation 7. [Ag, DRR] Now thinking about since the project began, and the time since the project ended, I would like to ask you a bit about natural resource management in the WALA communities. Have you noticed a change in how active farmers in those communities have been in watershed management compared to when the project started, and compared to when the project ended? Tsopano tikaganizira pomwe pulojekitiyi inayamba ndi pomwe inafika kumapeto, ndikufuna ndikufunseni mafunso pang’ono okhudza kusunga za chilengedwe mmadera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA. Kodi mwaonapo kusintha kwina kuli konse pa mmene alimi akuchitira pofuna kusunga chilengedwe mmalo mmene mumachokera mitsinje poyerekeza ndi mmene pulojekitiyi inkayamba komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? a. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years has the area under irrigation changed? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi kukula kwa dera lomwe kumachitika ulimi wa mthilira kwasintha? i. Why is that? Probe for water availability, investments in irrigation technology, more market demand, better price for irrigated crops, etc. Ndi chifukwa chiyani zili choncho? b. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years have farmers in these communities applied new seeds or agriculture methods? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi alimi mmadera amenewa abzalapo mbeu zatsopano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira za makono za ulimi? c. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years have farmers in these communities changed how they manage insects, crop pests and diseases? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi alimi mmadera amenewa asintha mmene amathanirana ndi tizilombo toononga mbeu kapena matenda? d. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years has access to weather-related early warning and response systems for farmers in these communities changed? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi njira zopezera mauthenga a za nyengo ndi mmene alimi angachitire zasintha mmadera amenewa? If yes, i. What were those changes? Kodi kusintha kumeneku ndi kotani? 4B Government Official Interview Guide 11 WALA Evaluation e. In your opinion, did WALA introduce any new ideas in the communities you worked in? Mmaganizo anu, kodi pulojekiti ya WALA inabweretsa maganizo atsopano mu madera omwe munkagwiramo ntchito za WALA? If yes, i. What were the new ideas they introduced and were they useful? Probe for 1. Conservation agriculture 2. Private Service Providers (PSPs) 3. Agriculture Service Providers (ASP) 4. Community Animal Health Workers (Paravets) 5. Irrigation 6. Group marketing 7. Village savings and loan groups 8. Watershed management, and 9. Disaster response groups. Kodi ndi maganizo ati atsopano omwe inabweretsa ndipo kodi anali aphindu? If they were useful, ask 1. Are the ideas still useful today, and if so why? Kodi maganizo amenewa akadali a phindu lero lino? Ngati ndi choncho, mchifukwa chiyani? f. [Ag] During the project and in the last four years, have farmers in the WALA communities adopted any soil management practices that minimize erosion or maintain soil cover, such as crop rotation or tree planting? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi, kodi alimi mmadera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera nthaka kuti isakokoloke monga ngati kasinthasintha wa mbeu kapena kubzala mitengo? i. Why is that? Kodi izi zili chomwechi chifukwa chiyani? If they have adopted conservation agriculture practices (f), ask these questions. ii. What effects have these practices had on farm production for households in these communities? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji zokolora mmabanja a mmadera amenewa? iii. What effects have these practices had on the amount of labor farmers need in these communities? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe alimi amakhala nayo mmadera amenewa? iv. What effects have these practices had on production costs in these communities? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji ndalama yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa munda mmadera amenewa? 4B Government Official Interview Guide 12 WALA Evaluation 8. Since June 2014 have farmers in the WALA communities had more or less maize they produced themselves to consume? Kuyambira mwezi wa June 2014 kodi alimi mmadera omwe munkagwiridwa ntchito za WALA ali ndi chimanga chochuluka kapena chochepa chomwe analima okha kuti adye? a. Why is that? Kodi izi zili chomwechi chifukwa chiyani? 9. Those are all of the questions that I have. Is there anything else you’d like to tell me about the topics we discussed today? Awa ndi mafunso onse amene ndinali nawo. Palinso china choonjezera chimene mungafune kundiuza pa mitu imene takambirana lero? Thank you for your time and participation. It is greatly appreciated. Zikomo chifukwa cha nthawi yanu komanso potenga nawo mbali. Ndathokoza kwambiri. Turn off voice recorder. Please note any additional information about the interview, such as the language(s) used, if the participant was friendly/talkative, any problems encountered, etc. Once these notes have been taken, read them into the digital recorder. 4C Community Member FGD Guide 1 WALA Evaluation WALA Long-Term Impact Evaluation Focus Group Discussion Guide for Community Members This guide is for focus group discussions to be conducted with members of 28 groups of community members. There are three types of communities in which you will conduct interviews: Treatment communities where UBALE or Njira programs followed up, treatment communities where there were no follow-up programs, and comparison communities who did not experience WALA. ERIE will provide guidance and criteria to identify participants to be recruited. Directions to the interviewer are in italics; do not read aloud. Do not let the interview last more than 90 minutes without the permission of the participants. Questions in bold, non-italicized text must be asked. Questions in non-bold, non-italicized text are probes for use if the participant does not touch on the subject of the probe. Questions in blue are second priority questions. Do not ask them if you are not able to get to all primary questions in the 90 minute interview. You should ask blue questions if the primary questions are finished in 90 minutes or less. Or, if any questions have reached saturation, before subsequent interviews, cross out saturated questions and circle second priority questions to be asked. Before starting the interview, read into the digital recorder the district, location, date, start time, participants’ gender, language used and protocol type (Focus Group Discussion). Corrections or additions can be made to this information in the notes taken at the end of the interview, if need be. A. Introduction and Consent for Audio Recording – 5 minutes The purpose of this section is to introduce the participants to the study and request consent for audio recording. Thank you for taking the time for this discussion today. My name is [NAME]. Zikomo chifukwa chokhala nao pa zokambiranazi lero. Dzina langa ndi [NAME]. I am working for Wadonda Consult Limited gathering information for the evaluation of the Wellness and Agriculture for Life Advancement Project, also known as the WALA Project, carried out from 2009 to 2014. Ndimagwira ntchito ku bungwe la kafukufuku lotchedwa Wadonda Consult ndipo pakali pano tikuunika/kufufuza mmene pulojekiti ya Wellness and Agriculture for Life Advancement Project yomwe imadziwikanso mwachidule kuti WALA inagwilira ntchito zake kuyambira mchaka cha 2009 mpaka 2014. I would like to talk with you because the project was conducted in your community, and we are interested in how it went. Ndikufuna kucheza nanu chifukwa pulojekitiyi inachitika m’dera lanu choncho tiri ndi chidwi kuti timve mmene inayendera. Our study is funded by USAID, an agency of the US government that provides aid and development assistance to other countries. Kafukufuku ameneyu akuchitika ndi thandizo lochokera ku bungwe la USAID. Ili ndi bungwe la boma la America lomwe limapereka thandizo la chuma ndi chitukuko m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. 4C Community Member FGD Guide 2 WALA Evaluation The study is designed to learn about whether and how the project’s activities and outcomes have been sustained and to learn more about its impacts in areas such as food security and child nutrition. Kafukufukuyu wakonzedwa munjira yoti tidziwe ngati zochitikachitika za pulojekitiyi ndi zotsatira zake zikadali kutsatilidwa komanso tikufuna tiphunzire kuti zimenezi zakhudza bwanji nkhani yokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kadyetsedwe/kadyedwe ka ana. We want to learn about your experiences with the project and hear your opinions regarding project sustainability. Tikufuna tiphunzire zomwe inu mumakumana nazo poyendetsa nawo pulojekitiyi komanso tifuna timve maganizo anu pa momwe zochitikachitika za pulojekitiyi zingapititsidwe patsogolo kapena kuti kupitilizidwa. The interview is expected to take about 1.5 hours. Tikuyembekezera kuti machezawa atenga ola ndi theka. There are no right or wrong answers in this interview. Palibe mayankho olondola kapena olakwika pa kucheza kwathuku. Participation in this discussion is voluntary. Kutenga nawo mbali pa zokambiranazi nkongodzipereka chabe. You may skip any question you do not want to answer, and you may stop participating at any time. Muli ndi ufulu kusayankha funso lililonse lomwe simukufuna kuyankha. Mukhozanso kusiya machezawa/kuchezaku nthawi ina iliyonse. Please note that this is a study and not a way to apply for food aid or other development assistance. Chonde zindikirani kuti uyu ndi kafukufuku chabe osati njira yopezera anthu amene akufuna thandizo la chakudya kapena chitukuko china. There is no risk and no direct advantage for participating in this study. Palibe chiopsezo kapena mwai wapadera wobwera kwa inu chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali pa kafukufukuyu. However, studies such as this one can help development partners like USAID to design better programs that are effective in addressing food security and malnutrition here and elsewhere. Ngakhale zili choncho, kafukufuku ngati uyu atha kuthandiza mabungwe opereka thandizo ngati USAID kupanga mapulogalamu abwino omwe angathandize ku nkhani yokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chakudya mmatupi a wanthu ku dera kwanu kuno komanso mmadera ena. Your experience provides invaluable input. Zomwe mukudziwa zidzathandiza kwambiri kukwaniritsa zimenezi. None of your responses will be identified as yours in study reports or shared with anyone outside the study team. Lipoti la zotsatira za kafukufukuyu silidzakhala ndi chirichonse chozindikiritsa inu komanso mayankho anu sadzaperekedwa kwa wina aliyense yemwe sakuchita nawo kafukufukuyu. 4C Community Member FGD Guide 3 WALA Evaluation We will not share any information you provide that can identify you with anyone outside the study team. We also ask that you not share other participants’ responses with anyone outside this group. Zomwe mungafotokoze zomwe zingakuzindikiritseni sizidzaperekedwa kwa wina aliyense yemwe sakuchita nawo kafukufukuyu. Tikukupemphani kuti inunso musauze anthu ena omwe sali nawo pagulu pano zomwe ena pagulu pano anena/afotokoza. If you have any questions, concerns, or complaints about the study or your rights as a participant, please feel free to ask at any time. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, nkhawa kapena dandaulo lirilonse kukhudzana ndi kafukufukuyu kapena ufulu wanu monga wotenga nawo mbali mu machezawa, khalani womasuka kundifunsa nthawi iliyonse. Should you have any questions I cannot answer, you may call Peter Mvula or Ephraim Chirwa, who are leading our team and whose phone numbers are written on this card. Ngati pali zoti sinditha kukuyankhani, mukhonzanso kuimbira phone a Peter Mvula kapena a Ephraim Chirwa amene akutsogolera gulu lathu, ndipo nambala yawo ya lamya yalembedwa pa khadi yaperekedwayi. I would like to get your permission to record our discussion and take notes. Ndipemphe nawo chilolezo kuti nditepe/ndijambule mawu komanso ndilembe zomwe tikukambiranazi. The purpose of doing this is to ensure we can accurately capture the thoughts and ideas you share. Izi zichitika ndi cholinga choti tithe kutenga maganizo anu molondola pa zokambirana zathuzi. The recording will only be heard by the researchers involved in this study. Zonse zomwe titatepe/titajambule zikamvetseredwa ndi tokhafe amene tikugwira ntchito mu kafukufukuyu. Do I have your permission to record the discussion? Mungandipatse chilolezo kuti nditepe/ndijambule nao zokambiranazi? If yes, start voice recorder. Finally, I would like to ask your permission to take photos. Pomaliza, ndipemphe chilorezo kuti ndijambule zithunzi. These photos could be published in our report if they help people understand your experiences and input, but we would not include your name. Zithunzi zimenezi zitha kudzaikidwa pamodzi mu lipoti ya kafukufukuyu ngati zingathandize anthu kumvetsetsa zomwe mumachita komanso kudziwa, koma sitidzayika dzina lanu. Do I have your permission to take some photos? Mungandipatse chilolezo kuti ndijambule nawo zithunzizi? Do you have any questions before we begin? Muli ndi mafunso tisanayambe kucheza kwathu? Once questions have been answered, please proceed with the guide below. 4C Community Member FGD Guide 4 WALA Evaluation B. Background information – 5 minutes 1. I just wanted to say thank you again for taking the time to meet with us. To begin, I would like to learn a bit more about each of you. Could you go around the room and introduce yourself? Follow along and map out how the group is seated in the room in relation to where you are sitting. Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha nthawi yanu. Choyambilira, wina aliyense angandiuzeko dzina lake ndi komwe mwachokera? 2. Thank you. How were you involved with the WALA program, if at all? Zikomo. Munatengapo gawo lotani mu project ya WALA, ngati munatengapo gawo? a. What activities were you involved in? Munatengapo gawo pa zochitika zanji? b. How long were you involved? Munatengapo gawo nthawi yaitali bwanji? c. How did you come to participate? Zinakhala bwanji kuti mupezeke mukutenga nawo mbali? C. Sustainability – 30 minutes 1. Thank you. I am interested in learning about any changes that might have occurred during WALA, and even more, what has happened since. If you think about your community, in the four years since WALA ended in June 2014, did your community continue using any of the activities or infrastructure promoted or funded by WALA, and if so, how did those activities evolve? Zikomo kwambiri. Ndiri ndi chidwi kuti ndimve zinthu zomwe mwina zinasintha nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito komanso zomwe zachitika chichitikireni pulojekiti imeneyi. Mukaganizira za dela lanu lino, mu zaka zinayi zomwe zadutsazi kuchokera June 2014, kodi alipo anthu ena a mdela lanu lino akhala akupitilizabe zochitikachitika zomwe a WALA ankalimbikitsa? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi zinthu zimenezi zinasintha bwanji? a. What activities were scaled up and which were dropped? Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zinalimbikitsidwa komanso ndi ziti zomwe zinasiyidwa? 2. In your opinion, what factors contributed to WALA introduced interventions either being sustained, being scaled up or not being sustained here? M’maganizo mwanu, kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zinapangitsa ntchito za WALA kupitilizidwa kapena kupititsidwa patsogolo mdela lino? Ngati zinasiyika, ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zinapangitsa ntchito za WALA kuti zisapitilire? a. Were there any key elements or best practices that were essential to sustaining the WALA activities and practices that were continued? Kodi panali zinthu zofunikira kapena njira zabwino zomwe zinathandizira kuti upangili ndi ntchito za WALA zipitilizidwebe? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 5 WALA Evaluation 3. Was there a follow-up project in your community, and if so, was it through Njira or UBALE or some other project? Kodi kunabweranso pulojekiti ina yotsatira mmdera lanuli? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi pulojekiti imeneyi inabwera kudzera ku pulojekiti ya NJIRA kapena UBALE kapena pulojekiti ina? a. If so, What effect do you think the follow-up project had on the sustainability of the WALA activities? Kodi mukuganiza kuti pulojekiti yotsatirayi inakhudza bwanji kapitilizidwe ka ntchito za WALA? 4. During the WALA project, were there any groups or local organizations (such as community-based organizations, faith-based organizations, or other groups) that were promoted by WALA, and if so, what were they, and are any still in existence? Nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito, kodi panali magulu kapena mabungwe a ku mudzi (CBO) (kapena mabungwe a mipingo kapenanso magulu ena) okhazikitsidwa ndi WALA? Ngati ndi choncho, mungawafotokozepo magulu amenewa? Kodi akugwirabe ntchito? If no groups still exist, ask this question. a. In the last 4 years since WALA ended in June 2014, have people in your community had access to any groups or organizations (such as community-based organizations, faith-based organizations, other groups, or networks,) or formal or informal institutions, such as financial institutions? We want to know if WALA activities are replicated over time. We’re most interested in things that were inspired by WALA. Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni ntchito za WALA mu June, 2014, kodi anthu a m’dera lanu akhala ndi mwayi okhala ndi mabungwe a ku mudzi (CBO) (kapena mabungwe a mipingo, mabungwe ndi magulu ena, ovomerezeka kapena osavomerezeka monga ngati magulu osunga ndi kubwereketsa ndalama)? If there are organizations in Q4 or Q4a, ask these questions. Otherwise, skip to question 10. 5. In the last 4 years since WALA ended in June 2014, has there been a change in how much people participate in organizations in your community (for example participation in community-based organizations, faith-based organizations, or other groups—previously promoted by WALA or not, or other networks, groups, or formal or informal institutions, such as financial institutions)? We want to know if WALA activities are sustained, improved, and/or replicated over time. We’re most interested in things that started during WALA and continued or were inspired by WALA. Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni ntchito za WALA mu June, 2014, kodi pakhala kusintha pa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akhala akutengapo mbali mu magulu kapena mabungwe a ku mudzi (CBO) (kapena mabungwe a mipingo, mabungwe ndi magulu ena, ovomerezeka kapena osavomerezeka monga ngati magulu osunga ndi kubwereketsa ndalama) omwe analimbikitsidwa ndi WALA kapena ayi? a. Why do you think that is? Mukuganiza kuti izi zili choncho chifukwa chiyani? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 6 WALA Evaluation 6. Thinking about local community-based and faith-based organizations and other groups in your community, in the 4 years since the WALA project ended, what activities have the local organizations undertaken? Confirm whether each activity mentioned is a continuation of an activity started during WALA or a new activity after WALA. (It could also be an activity that predated WALA.) Mukaganizira za magulu kapena mabungwe a ku mudzi (CBO), kapena mabungwe a mipingo ndi magulu ena a mdela lino mu zaka zinayi zapitazi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi ndi ntchito zanji zomwe maguluwa kapena mabungwewa akhala akuchita? Probe. a. Do local organizations promote… Kodi mabungwe a mmadera amalimbikitsa… natural resource management or conservations agriculture practices, such as soil management or tree planting? kusunga za chilengedwe kapena ulimi oteteza nthaka kapenanso kubzala mitengo? b. watershed and irrigation management? Kuteteza nkhalango/kochokera mitsinje komanso ulimi wa mnthilira? c. savings and lending activities or groups? Zochitikachitika zokhudzana ndi kusunga kapena kubwereketsa ndalama kapena magulu ena oterewa? d. the management of food aid? Kayendetsedwe kabwino ka thandizo la chakudya? e. child nutrition? Kadyedwe kabwino ka ana? f. identifying and cultivating long-term contacts for marketing? Kupeza ndi kukhazikitsa olumikizana nawo okhazikika (long-term contacts) pa nkhani za malonda? g. any other activities or topics? Zochitika zina kapena mitu ina pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana? 7. In the four years since the WALA project ended, has there been a change in the legal status of any of the community-based organizations in your community? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, pakhala kusintha kwina kulikonse pa kalembetsedwe ka mabungwe kuti akhale ovomelezeka kapena ayi? a. Are they registered with the appropriate government authorities? Kodi analembetsedwa ku mthambi za boma zoyenera? b. Are any of them cooperatives? Kodi ena mwa maguluwa ndi ma cooperative (magulu a alimi ochita malonda pamodzi mogwirizana)? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 7 WALA Evaluation 8. Do these community-based organizations have leaders and a way to fund themselves (such as a plan that allows them to self-finance their activities, such as collecting money from members, or some other way to fund themselves)? Kodi magulu amenewa ali ndi atsogoleri komanso ndondomeko zomwe zimawathandiza kudzipezera ndalama (monga ngati ndondomeko yowathandiza kuti adzitha kupeza ndalama yogwirira ntchito zawo monga ngati kutolera ndalama kuchokera kwa mamembala kapenanso njira zina zopezera ndalama zogwilira ntchito zawo)? If so, a. Do these groups have a plan for how to use the funds? Kodi magulu amenewa ali ndi ndondomeko zogwiritsira ndalamazo? 9. In the four years since the project ended, did these organizations have access to any training, for example, did they participate in agricultural training provided by a government entity or another organization? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi mabungwe amenewa analandirapo maphunziro, mwachitsanzo, maphunziro a za ulimi operekedwa ndi nthambi ya boma kapena bungwe lina? 10.In the four years since the WALA project ended, did these community-based organizations receive any technical or managerial support from other organizations or have they found other ways to increase their technical or managerial capacities? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi mabungwe amenewa analandirapo ukadaulo kuchokera ku mabungwe ena kapena anapeza njira zina zopezera ukadaulo popititsa patsogolo ntchito zawo? 11.In the four years since the WALA project ended, have households like yours or others in your community had access to any training, for example, in agriculture, provided by a government entity or another organization? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi makomo ngati anu kapena ena mdera lino analandirapo maphunziro mwachitsanzo, maphunziro a za ulimi operekedwa ndi nthambi ya boma kapena bungwe lina? 12.In the four years since the WALA project ended, has there been a change in the amount of community participation in community activities, for example, in maintaining irrigation systems, keeping the community clean, or things like that? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi pali kusintha pa mmene anthu amatengerapo mbali muzochitikachitika za ku dera, mwachitsanzo, kutengapo gawo pokonza migula ya ulimi wa mthilira, kuonetsetsa kuti dera lawo ndi la ukhondo ndi zinthu zina zotero? a. Why do you think that is? Mukuona ngati ndi chifukwa chiyani izi zili tero? 13.In the four years since the WALA project ended, has there been a change in the ways benefits of community activities are distributed to all members of the community so that it is done so more equally? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi pakhala kusintha pa njira zoonetsetsa kuti phindu lochokera ku zochitika/zitukuko za ku dera likufika mofanana kwa anthu? a. How is this done, and how does that compare to how it was done before? Kodi izi zimachitika motani ndipo zikusiyana bwanji ndi mmene zinkachitikira kale? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 8 WALA Evaluation 14.During the WALA project, were there any connections created between your community and external organizations or entities that have continued to provide money, in-kind support, or moral support to sustain the WALA activities after the end of the project? Nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito panali ubale wina ulionse omwe unakhazikitsidwa pakati pa anthu a mdera lino ndi mabungwe ena omwe akhala akupereka ndalama, zinthu kapena chithandizo china kuti ntchito za WALA zipitilire pulojekitiyi itatha? a. Since June 2014, have there been any new connections created between your community and external organizations or entities that have provided money, in￾kind support, or moral support to sustain the WALA activities? Kuchokera mwezi wa June, 2014 pakhala pali ubale wina ulionse watsopano omwe wakhazikitsidwa pakati pa anthu a mdera lino ndi mabungwe ena omwe akhala akupereka ndalama, zinthu kapena chithandizo china kuti ntchito za WALA zipitilire? If yes, there was a connection that has provided support in either Q13 or Q13a, ask, b. As far as you know, how effective [has this / have these] connection/s been in the last four years in supporting the WALA or WALA-inspired activities? Please specify which connection is being discussed, if there is more than one. Mmene mukudziwira, kodi [ubale/ maubale] umenewu wakhala otani zaka zinayi zapitazi potukula ntchito za WALA kapena ntchito zomwe WALA anakhazikitsa? 15.Among the various WALA activities in your community, (including village savings and lending groups, food for work, watershed management, agriculture training, child nutrition, and others) which activities do you think have had the biggest impact on you and your household as far as providing support for your livelihood? Pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe WALA inkachita, (kuphatikizapo magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama, ntchito zolandira chakudya anthu akagwira ntchito ya chitukuko, kuteteza chilengedwe, maphunziro a ulimi, kadyedwe ka ana ndi zina) ndi ntchito ziti zomwe mukuganiza kuti zathandiza kwambiri kutukula miyoyo yanu ndi makomo anu mdera lino? a. Why do you think that is? Mukuganiza kuti izi zili choncho chifukwa chiyani? D. Impact on Resiliency – 30 minutes 1. Thank you. Now I would like to learn a little more about the last 4 years. In the last 4 years, that is since June 2014 when the WALA project ended, what have been the main shocks and stresses your community has faced, (for example flooding, drought, wildfires, erosion, sickness or disease, conflict, crime, poverty, market failure, grid failure, dam failure, or the like)? Zikomo kwambiri. Tsopano ndikufuna kumvapo zambiri zachitika mu zaka zinayi zapitazi. Zaka zinayi zapitazi, kuyambira mwezi wa June 2014 pomwe ntchito za WALA zinatsilizidwa, kodi ndi mavuto enieni ati ogwa mwadzidzidzi, omwe munakumana nawo dera lanu lino, (mwachitsanzo, kusefulira kwa madzi, ng’amba, moto olusa, kukokoloka kwa nthaka, matenda, mikangano, umbava, umphawi, kutsika mitengo kwa zinthu zomwe anthu amagulitsa mmisika, kuphulika kwa damu la madzi ndi zina)? Probe if necessary for each of the shocks or stresses. a. When did this start? Kodi izi zinayamba liti? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 9 WALA Evaluation b. How widespread was this / How many communities or people were affected? Kodi mavuto amenewa anali aakulu bwanji? / Ndi midzi ingati kapena anthu angati anakhudzidwa? c. How long did this go on / When did conditions improve? Kodi izi zinachitika kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? / Kodi zinatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti zinthu zikhale bwino? d. Have there been any other shocks or stresses that have affected the lives or livelihoods of the people living in your community? Kodi palinso mavuto ena ogwa mwadzidzidzi omwe akhudza miyoyo ya anthu mu dera lanu lino? 2. The WALA project tried to strengthen the resiliency capacities of households. By resiliency capacity, I mean skills, resources and assets households have to resist, cope with and recover from shocks and stresses. In your opinion, did the WALA interventions improve the ability of the households in your community to absorb the effects of flooding and drought? Pulojekiti ya WALA inayesera kulimbikitsa upangiri wa momwe mabanja angapilire ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Tikati upangili wothandiza kupilira ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana tikutanthauza luso, zipangizo kapena katundu yemwe mabanja alinaye, kuphelera, kuthana ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu mchimake. Mmaganizo anu, zochitika za WALA zatukula upangili odziteteza ku mavuto akusefukira kwa madzi komanso ng’amba mmakomo a mdera lino? If yes, a. How? Munjira yanji? b. Do you think the WALA interventions improved the ability of households in your community to absorb the effects of shocks through adapting strategies to ensure all household members have a sufficient amount of nutritious food year round? Mukuganiza kuti zochitika za WALA zatukula upangili odziteteza ku mavuto ogwa mwadzidzi mmakomo a mdera lino kupyolera mukusintha kwa machitidwe a zinthu kuti anthu okhala mmabanja amenewa athe kukhala ndi chakudya chopereka thanzi komanso chokwanira chaka chonse? If yes, i. How? Munjira yanji? 3. Thinking about the 2015-2016 drought, do you think the WALA project helped households build up their capacities to resist, deal with, and recover from the 2015-2016 drought? Tikaona njala ya 2015-2016, mukuganiza kuti pulojekiti ya WALA inathandiza mabanja kukhala ndi upangiri odzitetezera, kuthana ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu mchimake ku ng’amba ya 2015-2016? If yes, a. How? Munjira yanji? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 10 WALA Evaluation 4. I would like to ask you about whether and how some strategies have changed in your community since the WALA project began. I would like to start with different coping mechanisms, by which I mean ways that households or communities can change to deal with stresses or shocks like the ones we have talked about. In your opinion, how have the households in your community changed the following strategies, if at all, to cope with shocks: Tsopano ndikufuna ndikufunseni ngati njira zina zasintha mdera lanu lino chiyambireni pulojekiti ya WALA komanso kuti zasintha motani. Ndiyamba ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi mavuto. Apa ndikutanthauza mmene mabanja kapena madera atha kuthana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi monga ngati omwe takambirana kalewa. Mmaganizo anu, njira zotsatirazi zothanirana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi zasintha motani mmakomo a mdera lanu lino ngati zasinthako: a. The first strategy is changing what households eat to deal with shocks, for example, relying on less preferred and less expensive foods. What changes have households made in dietary (food) make-up or what they eat to cope with shocks since the project began? Ensure they talk about the dietary mix used to deal with shocks before WALA and after. Njira yoyamba ndi kusintha zomwe mabanja amadya kuti athane ndi mavuto, mwachitsanzo, kudalira chakudya chomwe ambiri sachikonda kapena chotsika mtengo. Kodi ndi kusintha kuti komwe mabanja apanga okhudzana ndi madyedwe kuti athane ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi kuyambira pomwe pulojekiti inayambira? b. The second strategy is sources and amount of short-term food households can access, for example borrowing food from a friend or relative, gathering wild foods, hunting, harvesting immature crops, or consuming seed stock held for the next season. How has your community changed in terms of the source and amount of short-term household food they have available to them and use? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Njira yachiwiri ndi kapezedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mwakanthawi zomwe mabanja angapeze, mwachitsanzo, kubwereka chakudya kuchokera kwa mzawo kapena wachibale, kutola zakudya za mtchire, kusaka nyama, kukolora mbeu yomwe sinankhwime kapena kudya mbeu yosungidwa yoti adzadzale nyengo yolima ikubwerayo. Kodi anthu a mdera lino asintha bwanji pa kapezedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mwakanthawi chabe? c. The third strategy is decreasing the number of people per household as a coping mechanism to deal with shocks through sending children to eat with neighbors or relatives, sending household members to beg, and the like. In your community, do you think there has been a change in the use of this coping mechanism to deal with shocks either in how much it is used or how it is used? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Njira yachitatu ndi yochepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu pakhomo ngati njira imodzi yothanirana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi monga kutumiza ana kuti akadye kwa anthu oyandikana nawo kapena achibale, kutumiza anthu ena apakhomo kuti adzipemphetsa ndi zina zotero. Mdera lanu lino, mukuganiza kuti pali kusintha pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa njira imeneyiy othanirana ndi mavuto potengera kuti ikugwilitsidwa ntchito mowilikiza bwanji kapena kuti ikugwilitsidwa motani? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 11 WALA Evaluation d. Finally, rationing is a strategy to cope with shocks, meaning limiting portion size at mealtimes or reducing the number of meals eaten in a day. Since the project began, do you think that your community has changed the amount of rationing they use or used different rationing strategies to deal with shocks and stresses? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Pomaliza, kuchepetsa mlingo kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapenanso kuchepetsa nambala ya zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa patsiku ndi njira yothanirana ndi mavuto. Chiyambireni pulojekitiyi, mukuganiza kuti anthu a mdera lino asintha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe amadya kapena akugwiritsa ntchito njira zina za kagawidwe ka chakudya ndi cholinga chofuna kuthana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidziwa? 5. Now I would like to ask you about some other strategies that households in your community might have adopted since the project began. To maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, have households in your community diversified income sources? We want to know if WALA strategies have been adopted, used, expanded, and/or changed over time. We’re interested in knowing when and how the strategies have changed, and if possible why and how they are used. Tsopano ndikufuna ndikufunseni za njira zina zomwe mabanja a mmdera lanu lino anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chiyambireni pulojekitiyi. Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a mdera lanu lino apeza njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera chuma? If yes, a. What changes in income sources have you seen, and how has this worked? Kodi ndi njira ziti zosinthika zopezera chuma zomwe mwaona ndiponso zagwira ntchito bwanji? b. Have households continued activities such as farming, livestock production and fisheries to the same extent? Kodi mabanja akadapitilizabe ntchito ngati ulimi, ulimi wa ziweto kapena ulimi wa nsomba monga mmene ankachitira? c. Have households taken crop or livestock insurance? Kodi mabanja atengapo chitetezo kapena kuti insuransi ya mbeu kapena ziweto? If yes, i. Please tell me about the changes made. Chonde ndifotokozereni zomwe zasintha. d. To maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, have households in your community used savings and loan groups or banks more than they had before the project began? Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a mdera lanu lino agwiritsa ntchito magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena mabanki kuposa mmene ankachitira pulojekitiyi isanayambe? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 12 WALA Evaluation If yes, i. Have households used savings and loans groups or banks more or less since the project ended 4 years ago? Kodi mabanja agwiritsa ntchito magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena mabanki mochulukirapo kapena mocheperapo chimalizireni pulojekitiyi zaka zinayi zapitazi? e. To maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, have households in your community increased memberships in social groups (such as savings and lending groups or mothers groups) more than they had before the project began? Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a mdera lanu lino ali ndi mamembala ambiri mu magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena magulu a amayi mochulukirapo kusiyana ndi mmene zinaliri pulojekitiyi isanayambe? If yes, i. Have households increased or decreased memberships in social groups since the project ended 4 years ago? Kodi mabanja awonjenjezera kapena kuchepetsa umembala mu magulu osiyanasiyana chimalizireni pulojekitiyi zaka zinayi zapitazi? f. Of the strategies we have discussed to maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, or other strategies that you know about, which strategies have made the greatest contributions to helping the households in your community become secure in their access to food year-round and able to deal with shocks? Njira zimene takambirana zokhudza kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kapena njira zina zomwe mukuzidziwa, ndi njira ziti zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kuti mmakomo a mdera lanu akhale ndi chakudya chokwanira chaka chonse komanso kukhala ndi upangili othana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi? i. Why do you think that is? Mukuganiza kuti izi zili choncho chifukwa chiyani? 6. In your community, how has access and availability of food changed since the project began and since the project ended? Dera lanu lino, kodi kapezedwe ka chakudya kasintha bwanji chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? a. Has there been a change in the need for direct food aid or food rations in your community since the project began and in the four years since the project ended? Mukaganiza za kufunikira kwa chithandizo cha chakudya kapena kugawana kwa chakudya mdera lanu lino kodi pali kusintha kwina kulikonse chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso zaka zinayi chimalizireni pulojekitiyi? b. Has participation in food for work programs changed from before the project started and since it ended? Kodi kutenga nawo gawo pa ntchito zachitukuko zomwe malipiro ake ndi chakudya kwasintha kuyambira pomwe pulojekitiyi inayamba komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 13 WALA Evaluation c. In your community, has there been a change in the diversity of diets in the households, that is a change in amount and variety of nutritious and protein￾rich food that people in each household consume, such as meat, milk and the like since the project started and in the four years since it ended? Mdera lanu lino, kodi pali kusintha kwina kuli konse pa kadyedwe ka zakudya zosiyanasiyana mmakomo? Apa tikutanthauza kuti pali kusintha pa kuchuluka komanso kukhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zopatsa thanzi komanso zomanga matupi zomwe banja liri lonse limadya monga ngati nyama, mkaka ndi zina chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi pomwe inafika kumapeto? 7. Now thinking about since the project began, and the time since the project ended, I would like to ask you a bit about natural resource management in your community. Have you noticed a change in how active farmers have been in watershed management compared to when the project started, and compared to when the project ended? Tsopano tikaganizira pomwe pulojekitiyi inayamba ndi pomwe inafika kumapeto, ndikufuna ndikufunseni mafunso pang’ono okhudza kusunga za chilengedwe mdera lanu lino. Kodi mwaonapo kusintha kwina kuli konse pa mmene alimi akuchitira pofuna kusunga chilengedwe mmalo mmene mumachokera mitsinje poyerekeza ndi mmene pulojekitiyi inkayamba komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? a. In the last four years has the area under irrigation changed? Zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi kukula kwa dera lomwe kumachitika ulimi wa mthilira kwasintha? i. Why is that? Probe for water availability, investments in irrigation technology, more market demand, better price for irrigated crops, etc. Ndi chifukwa chiyani zili choncho? b. In the last four years have farmers in your community applied new seeds or agriculture methods? Zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi alimi mdera lino abzalapo mbeu zatsopano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira za makono za ulimi? c. In the last four years have farmers in your community changed how they manage insects and other crop pests or diseases? Zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi alimi mdera lino asintha mmene amathanirana ndi tizilombo toononga mbeu kapena matenda? d. In the last four years has access to weather-related early warning and response systems for farmers in your community changed? Zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi njira zopezera mauthenga a za nyengo ndi mmene alimi angachitire zasintha mdera lanu lino? e. In your opinion, did WALA introduce any new ideas in your community? Mmaganizo anu, kodi pulojekiti ya WALA inabweretsa maganizo atsopano mdera lanu? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 14 WALA Evaluation If yes, i. What were the new ideas they introduced and were they useful? Kodi ndi maganizo ati atsopano omwe inabweretsa ndipo kodi anali aphindu? Probe for • Conservation agriculture • Private Service Providers (PSPs) • Agriculture Service Providers (ASP) • Community Animal Health Workers (Paravets) • Irrigation • Group marketing • Village savings and loan groups • Watershed management, and • Disaster response groups. If they were useful, ask 1. Are the ideas still useful today, and if so why? Kodi maganizo amenewa akadali a phindu lero lino? Ngati ndi choncho, mchifukwa chiyani? f. During the project and in the last four years, have farmers in your community adopted any soil management practices that minimize erosion or maintain soil cover, such as crop rotation or tree planting? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchitokomanso zaka zinayi zapitazi, kodi alimi mdera lanu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera nthaka kuti isakokoloke monga ngati kasinthasintha wa mbeu kapena kubzala mitengo? i. Why is that? Kodi izi zili chomwechi chifukwa chiyani? If they have adopted conservation agriculture practices (f), ask these questions. ii. What effects have these practices had on farm production for households in your community? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji zokolora mmakomo a mdera lanu? iii. What effects have these practices had on the amount of labor farmers need in your community? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe alimi amakhala nayo m’dera lanu? iv. What effects have these practices had on production costs in your community? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji ndalama yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa munda mdera lanu? 8. Since June 2014 have farmers in your community had more or less maize they produced themselves to consume? Kuyambira mwezi wa June 2014 kodi alimi mdera lanu akhala ndi chimanga chochuluka kapena chochepa chomwe analima okha kuti adye? a. Why is that? Kodi izi zili chomwechi chifukwa chiyani? 4C Community Member FGD Guide 15 WALA Evaluation 9. I would like to refer to 2016 and the drought that occurred. In 2016, did your households require food assistance? Ndikufuna tikambe za chaka cha 2016 komanso ng’amba yomwe inachitika. Mu 2016, kodi makomo anu adafuna thandizo la chakudya? a. Why or Why not? Chifukwa chiyani munafuna thandizo? / Chifukwa chiyani simunafune thandizo? b. If they did require food assistance, Did the WALA program affect the amount of food assistance you needed in 2016? Kodi kuchuluka kwa thandizo lomwe mumafuna mu chaka cha 2016 linali lochepa kapena lochuluka chifukwa cha pulogalamu ya WALA? i. If so, In what way? Munjira yanji? 10.Those are all of the questions that I have. Is there anything else you’d like to tell me about the topics we discussed today? Awa ndi mafunso onse amene ndinali nawo. Palinso china choonjezera chimene mungafune kundiuza pa mitu imene takambirana lero? Thank you for your time and participation. It is greatly appreciated. Zikomo chifukwa cha nthawi yanu komanso potenga nao mbali. Ndayamika. Turn off voice recorder. Please note any additional information about the interview, such as the language(s) used, if the participants were friendly/talkative, any problems encountered, etc. Once these notes have been taken, read them into the digital recorder. 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 1 WALA Evaluation WALA Long-Term Impact Evaluation In-Depth Interview Guide for Resilient Household Members This guide is for in-depth interviews to be conducted with members of 28 households. There are three types of communities in which you will conduct interviews: Treatment communities where UBALE or Njira programs followed up, treatment communities where there were no follow-up programs, and comparison communities who did not experience WALA. ERIE will provide guidance and criteria to identify participants to be recruited. Directions to the interviewer are in italics; do not read aloud. Do not let the interview last more than 90 minutes without the permission of the participants. Questions in bold, non-italicized text must be asked. Questions in non-bold, non-italicized text are probes for use if the participant does not touch on the subject of the probe. Questions in blue are second priority questions. Do not ask them if you are not able to get to all primary questions in the 90 minute interview. You should ask blue questions if the primary questions are finished in 90 minutes or less. Or, if any questions have reached saturation, before subsequent interviews, cross out saturated questions and circle second priority questions to be asked. Before starting the interview, read into the digital recorder the respondent name, district, location, date, start time, gender, language used and protocol type (Resilient Households). Corrections or additions can be made to this information in the notes taken at the end of the interview, if need be. A. Introduction and Consent for Audio Recording – 5 minutes The purpose of this section is to introduce the participant to the study and request consent for audio recording. Thank you for taking the time for this discussion today. My name is [NAME]. Zikomo chifukwa chokhala nao pa zokambiranazi lero. Dzina langa ndi [NAME]. I am working for Wadonda Consult Limited gathering information for the evaluation of the Wellness and Agriculture for Life Advancement Project, also known as the WALA Project, carried out from 2009 to 2014. Ndimagwira ntchito ku bungwe la kafukufuku lotchedwa Wadonda Consult ndipo pakali pano tikuunika/kufufuza mmene pulojekiti ya Wellness and Agriculture for Life Advancement Project yomwe imadziwikanso mwachidule kuti WALA inagwilira ntchito zake kuyambira mchaka cha 2009 mpaka 2014. I would like to talk with you because you were involved in the project and we would like to learn from your experiences. Ndikufuna kucheza nanu chifukwa munatengapo gawo mu pulojekitiyi ndipo tili ndi chidwi kuti tidziwe mmene pulojekitiyi inayendera. Our study is funded by USAID, an agency of the US government that provides aid and development assistance to other countries. Kafukufuku ameneyu akuchitika ndi thandizo lochokera ku bungwe la USAID. Ili ndi bungwe la boma la America lomwe limapereka thandizo la chuma ndi chitukuko m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 2 WALA Evaluation The study is designed to learn about whether and how the project’s activities and outcomes have been sustained and to learn more about its impacts in areas such as food security and child nutrition. Kafukufukuyu wakonzedwa munjira yoti tidziwe ngati zochitikachitika za pulojekitiyi ndi zotsatira zake zikadali kutsatilidwa komanso tikufuna tiphunzire kuti zimenezi zakhudza bwanji nkhani yokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kadyetsedwe/kadyedwe ka ana. Your experiences and opinions are invaluable. Zomwe mukudziwa ndi maganizo anu ndi zofunikira kwambiri. The interview is expected to take about 1.5 hours. Kucheza kwathu kutenga pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka (1 and a half hours). There are no right or wrong answers in this interview. Palibe mayankho olondola kapena olakwika pa kucheza kwathuku. Participation in this discussion is voluntary. Kutenga nawo mbali pa zokambiranazi nkongodzipereka chabe. You may skip any question you do not want to answer, and you may stop participating at any time. Ndipo muli ndi ufulu kusayankha funso lililonse lomwe simukufuna kuyankha. Mukhozanso kusiya machezawa/kuchezaku nthawi ina iliyonse. Please note that this is a study and not a way to apply for food aid or other development assistance. Chonde zindikirani kuti uyu ndi kafukufuku chabe osati njira yopezera anthu amene akufuna thandizo la chakudya kapena chitukuko china. There is no risk and no direct advantage for participating in this study. Palibe chiopsezo kapena mwai wapadera wobwera kwa inu chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali pa kafukufukuyu. However, studies such as this one can help development partners like USAID to design better programs that are effective in addressing food security and malnutrition here and elsewhere. Ngakhale zili choncho, kafukufuku ngati uyu atha kuthandiza mabungwe opereka thandizo ngati USAID kupanga mapulogalamu abwino omwe angathandize ku nkhani yokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chakudya mmatupi a wanthu kwanu kuno komanso mmadera ena. Your experience provides important input. Zomwe mukudziwa zidzathandiza kwambiri kukwaniritsa zimenezi. None of your responses will be identified as yours in study reports or shared with anyone outside the study team. Lipoti la zotsatira za kafukufukuyu silidzakhala ndi chirichonse chozindikiritsa inu komanso mayankho anu sadzaperekedwa kwa wina aliyense yemwe sakuchita nawo kafukufukuyu. Any information you provide that can identify you will not be shared with anyone outside the study team. Zomwe mungafotokoze zomwe zingakuzindikiritseni sizidzaperekedwa kwa wina aliyense yemwe sakuchita nawo kafukufukuyu. 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 3 WALA Evaluation If you have any questions, concerns, or complaints about the study or your rights as a participant, please feel free to ask at any time. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, nkhawa kapena dandaulo lirilonse kukhudzana ndi kafukufukuyu kapena ufulu wanu monga wotenga nawo mbali mu machezawa, khalani womasuka kundifunsa nthawi iliyonse. Should you have any questions I cannot answer, you may call Peter Mvula or Ephraim Chirwa, who are leading our team and whose phone numbers are written on this card. Ngati pali zoti sinditha kukuyankhani, mukhonzanso kuimbira phone a Peter Mvula kapena a Ephraim Chirwa amene akutsogolera gulu lathu, ndipo nambala yawo ya lamya yalembedwa pa khadi yaperekedwayi. I would like to get your permission to record our discussion and take notes. Ndipemphe nawo chilolezo kuti nditepe/ndijambule mawu komanso ndilembe zomwe tikukambiranazi. The purpose of doing this is to ensure we can accurately capture the thoughts and ideas you share. Izi zichitika ndi cholinga choti ndithe kutenga maganizo anu molondola pa zokambirana zathuzi. The recording will only be heard by the researchers involved in this study. Zonse zomwe titatepe/titajambule zikamvetseredwa ndi tokhafe amene tikugwira ntchito mu kafukufukuyu. Do I have your permission to record the discussion? Mungandipatse chilolezo kuti nditepe/ndijambule nao zokambiranazi? If yes, start voice recorder. Do you have any questions before we begin? Muli ndi mafunso tisanayambe kucheza kwathu? Once questions have been answered, please proceed with the guide below. B. Background information – 5 minutes 1. Thank you again for taking the time to meet with me. To start, can you please tell me your name for the recording? Zikomo kuti mwalora kucheza nanu. Choyambilira, mungandiuzeko dzina lanu pamene ndikutepa/ndikujambula? 2. Thank you. How were you involved with the WALA program, if at all? Zikomo. Munatengapo gawo lotani mu project ya WALA? a. What activities were you involved in? Munatengapo gawo pa zochitika zanji? b. How long were you involved? Munatengapo gawo nthawi yaitali bwanji? c. How did you come to participate? Zinakhala bwanji kuti mupezeke mukutenga nawo mbali? 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 4 WALA Evaluation C. Sustainability – 30 minutes 1. Thank you. I am interested in learning about any changes that might have occurred during WALA, and even more, what has happened since. If you think about your household, in the four years since WALA ended in June 2014, did your household continue using any of the activities or infrastructure promoted or funded by WALA, and if so, how? Zikomo kwambiri. Ndiri ndi chidwi kuti ndimve zinthu zomwe mwina zinasintha nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito komanso zomwe zachitika chichitikireni pulojekiti imeneyi. Mukaganizira za khomo lanu lino, mu zaka zinayi zomwe zadutsazi kuchokera June 2014, kodi khomo lanu lino lakhala likupitilizabe zochitikachitika kapena zinthu zina zomwe a WALA ankalimbikitsa? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi zinthu zimenezi zinasintha bwanji? a. What activities have you continued to use, and which have you not, and why is that? Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe mukupitiliza komanso ndi ziti zomwe munasiya? If there has been a follow-up project like UBALE or Njira in the community, ask b. I have heard that [NAME OF FOLLOW UP PROJECT] has been working in your village since WALA ended. What effect do you think the follow-up project has had on the sustainability of the WALA activities? Ndamvetsedwa kuti [NAME OF FOLLOW UP PROJECT] yakhala ikugwira ntchito mdera lanu lino chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA. Kodi mukuganiza kuti pulojekiti yotsatirayi yakhudza bwanji kapitilizidwe ka ntchito za WALA? 2. During the WALA project, was any member of your household a member of any group or local organization (such as community-based organization, faith-based organization, or other group) that was promoted by WALA, and if so, what group was that? Nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito, kodi panali magulu kapena mabungwe a ku mudzi (CBO), (kapena mabungwe a mipingo kapenanso magulu ena) okhazikitsidwa ndi WALA? Ngati ndi choncho, mungawafotokozepo mabungwe amenewa? Kodi akugwirabe ntchito? If someone was part of a group, ask a. Is that group still in existence? Kodi gululi lilipobe? If there is a group that still exists, ask these questions. If not, skip to Question 7. 3. In the four years since the WALA project ended, has there been a change in the legal status of that group? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, pakhala kusintha kwina kulikonse pa kalembetsedwe ka mabungwewa kuti akhale ovomelezeka kapena ayi? a. Is it registered with the appropriate government authority? Kodi analembetsedwa ku mthambi za boma zoyenera? b. Is it a cooperative? Kodi gululi ndi cooperative (magulu a alimi ochita malonda pamodzi mogwirizana)? 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 5 WALA Evaluation 4. Does this group have leaders and a way to fund itself (such as a plan that allows it to self￾finance its activities, such as collecting money from members, or some other way to fund itself)? Kodi gulu limeneri liri ndi atsogoleri komanso ndondomeko zomwe zimawathandiza kudzipezera ndalama (monga ngati ndondomeko yowathandiza kuti adzitha kupeza ndalama yogwirira ntchito zawo monga ngati kutolera ndalama kuchokera kwa mamembala kapenanso njira zina zopezera ndalama zogwilira ntchito zawo)? If so, a. Does this group have a plan for how to use the funds? Kodi gulu limeneri liri ndi ndondomeko zogwiritsira ndalamazo? 5. In the four years since the project ended, did this group have access to any training, for example, did they participate in agricultural training provided by a government entity or another organization? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi gulu limeneri linalandirapo maphunziro, mwachitsanzo, maphunziro a za ulimi operekedwa ndi nthambi ya boma kapena bungwe lina? 6. In the four years since the WALA project ended, did this group receive any technical or managerial support from other organizations or have they found other ways to increase their technical or managerial capacities? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi gulu limeneri linalandirapo ukadaulo kuchokera ku mabungwe ena kapena linapeza njira zina zopezera ukadaulo popititsa patsogolo ntchito zawo? 7. In the four years since the WALA project ended, have households like yours or others in your community had access to any training, for example, in agriculture, provided by a government entity or another organization? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi makomo ngati lanuli kapena ena mdera lino analandirapo maphunziro mwachitsanzo, maphunziro a za ulimi operekedwa ndi nthambi ya boma kapena bungwe lina? 8. In the four years since the WALA project ended, has there been a change in the amount of community participation in community activities, for example, in maintaining irrigation systems, keeping the community clean, or things like that? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi pali kusintha pa mmene anthu amatengerapo mbali mu zochitikachitika za ku dera, mwachitsanzo, kutengapo gawo pokonza migula ya ulimi wa mthilira, kuonetsetsa kuti dera lawo ndi la ukhondo ndi zinthu zina zotero? a. Why do you think that is? Mukuona ngati ndi chifukwa chiyani izi zili tero? 9. In the four years since the WALA project ended, has there been a change in the ways benefits of community activities are distributed to all members of the community so that it is done so more equally? Zaka zinayi chitsilizireni pulojekiti ya WALA, kodi pakhala kusintha pa njira zoonetsetsa kuti phindu lochokera ku zochitika/zitukuko za ku dera likufika mofanana kwa anthu? a. How is this done, and how does that compare to how it was done before? Kodi izi zimachitika motani ndipo zikusiyana bwanji ndi mmene zinkachitikira kale? 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 6 WALA Evaluation 10.During the WALA project, were there any connections created between your community and external organizations or entities that have continued to provide money, in-kind support, or moral support to sustain the WALA activities after the end of the project? Nthawi yomwe pulojekiti ya WALA imagwira ntchito panali ubale wina ulionse omwe unakhazikitsidwa pakati pa anthu a mdera lino ndi mabungwe ena omwe akhala akupereka ndalama, zinthu kapena chithandizo china kuti ntchito za WALA zipitilire pulojekitiyi itatha? a. Since June 2014, have there been any new connections created between your community and external organizations or entities that have provided money, in￾kind support, or moral support to sustain the WALA activities? Kuchokera mwezi wa June, 2014 pakhala pali ubale wina ulionse watsopano omwe wakhazikitsidwa pakati pa anthu a mdera lino ndi mabungwe ena omwe akhala akupereka ndalama, zinthu kapena chithandizo china kuti ntchito za WALA zipitilire? If yes, there was a connection that has provided support in either Q10 or Q10a, ask, b. As far as you know, how effective [has this / have these] connection/s been in the last four years in supporting the WALA or WALA-inspired activities? Please specify which connection is being discussed, if there is more than one. Mmene mukudziwira, kodi [ubale/ maubale] umenewu wakhala otani zaka zinayi zapitazi potukula ntchito za WALA kapena ntchito zomwe WALA anakhazikitsa? 11.Among the various WALA activities in your community, (including village savings and lending groups, food for work, watershed management, agriculture training, child nutrition, and others) which activities do you think have had the biggest impact on you and your household as far as providing support for your livelihood? Pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe WALA inkachita, (kuphatikizapo magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama, ntchito zolandira chakudya anthu akagwira ntchito ya chitukuko, kuteteza chilengedwe, maphunziro a ulimi, kadyedwe ka ana ndi zina) ndi ntchito ziti zomwe mukuganiza kuti zathandiza kwambiri kutukula umoyo wanu komanso wa khomo lanu? a. Why do you think that is? Mukuganiza kuti izi zili choncho chifukwa chiyani? D. Impact on Resiliency – 30 minutes 1. Thank you. Now I would like to learn a little more about the last 4 years. In the last 4 years, that is since June 2014 when the WALA project ended, what have been the main shocks and stresses your community has faced, (for example flooding, drought, wildfires, erosion, sickness or disease, conflict, crime, poverty, market failure, grid failure, dam failure, or the like)? Zikomo kwambiri. Tsopano ndikufuna kumvapo zambiri zachitika mu zaka zinayi zapitazi. Zaka zinayi zapitazi, kuyambira mwezi wa June 2014 pomwe ntchito za WALA zinatsilizidwa, kodi ndi mavuto enieni ati ogwa mwadzidzidzi, omwe munakumana nawo dera lanu lino, (mwachitsanzo, kusefulira kwa madzi, ng’amba, moto olusa, kukokoloka kwa nthaka, matenda, mikangano, umbava, umphawi, kutsika mitengo kwa zinthu zomwe anthu amagulitsa mmisika, kuphulika kwa damu la madzi ndi zina)? Probe if necessary for each of the shocks or stresses. a. When did this start? Kodi izi zinayamba liti? 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 7 WALA Evaluation b. How widespread was this / How many communities or people were affected? Kodi mavuto amenewa anali aakulu bwanji? / Ndi midzi ingati kapena anthu angati anakhudzidwa? c. How long did this go on / When did conditions improve? Kodi izi zinachitika kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? / Kodi zinatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti zinthu zikhale bwino? d. Have there been any other shocks or stresses that have affected the lives or livelihoods of the people living in your community? Kodi palinso mavuto ena ogwa mwadzidzidzi omwe akhudza miyoyo ya anthu mu dera lanu lino? 2. The WALA project tried to strengthen the resiliency capacities of households. By resiliency capacity, I mean skills, resources and assets households have, to resist, to cope with, and to recover from shocks and stresses. In your opinion, did the WALA interventions improve the ability of your household to absorb the effects of flooding and drought? Pulojekiti ya WALA inayesera kulimbikitsa upangiri wa momwe mabanja angapilire ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Tikati upangili wothandiza kupilira ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana tikutanthauza luso, zipangizo kapena katundu yemwe mabanja alinaye, othandizira kuphelera, kuthana ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu mchimake. Mmaganizo anu, zochitika za WALA zatukula upangili odziteteza ku mavuto akusefukira kwa madzi komanso ng’amba pakhomo panu pano? If yes, a. How? Munjira yanji? b. Do you think the WALA interventions improved the ability of your household to absorb the effects of shocks through adapting strategies to ensure all household members have a sufficient amount of nutritious food year round? Mukuganiza kuti zochitika za WALA zatukula upangili odziteteza ku mavuto ogwa mwadzidzi pakhomo panu pano kupyolera mukusintha kwa machitidwe a zinthu kuti anthu okhala pakhomo pano athe kukhala ndi chakudya chopereka thanzi komanso chokwanira chaka chonse? If yes, i. How? Munjira yanji? 3. Thinking about the 2015-2016 drought, do you think the WALA project helped your household build up your capacities to resist, deal with, and recover from the 2015-2016 drought? Tikaona njala ya 2015-2016, mukuganiza kuti pulojekiti ya WALA inathandiza banja lanu kukhala ndi upangiri odzitetezera, kuthana ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu mchimake ku ng’amba ya 2015-2016 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 8 WALA Evaluation If yes, a. Please tell us how the WALA project affected how your household dealt with the drought differently than you would have? Chonde tandiuzeni mmene pulojekiti ya WALA inathandiza khomo lanu mosiyanako kuyelekeza ndi mmene mukanachitira panokha pothana ndi ng’ambayi? 4. Has there been a change in your household’s need for direct food aid or food rations since the project began and in the four years since the project ended? Kodi pali kusintha potengera kufunikira kwa chithandizo cha chakudya pakhomo panu kapena kugawana kwa chakudya, chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso zaka zinayi chimalizireni pulojekitiyi? a. Has your household’s participation in food for work programs changed during the project and since it ended? Kodi kutenga nawo gawo kwa khomo lanu pa ntchito zachitukuko zomwe malipiro ake ndi chakudya kwasintha nthawi yomwe pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? b. In your household, has there been a change in the diversity of your diet, that is a change in amount and variety of nutritious and protein-rich food that people in your household consume, such as meat, milk and the like since the project started and in the four years since it ended? Kodi pali kusintha kwina kuli konse pa kadyedwe ka zakudya zosiyanasiyana pakhomo lanu lino? Apa tikutanthauza kuti pali kusintha pa kuchuluka komanso kukhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zopatsa thanzi komanso zomanga matupi zomwe banja liri lonse limadya monga ngati nyama, mkaka ndi zina chiyambireni pulojekitiyi komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi pomwe inafika kumapeto? 5. I would like to ask you about whether and how some strategies have changed for your household since the WALA project began. I would like to start with different coping mechanisms, by which I mean ways that households can deal with stresses or shocks like the ones we have talked about. How has your household changed your use of the following strategies, if at all, to cope with shocks: Tsopano ndikufuna ndikufunseni ngati njira zina zasintha pakhomo lanu lino komanso kuti zasintha motani chiyambireni pulojekiti ya WALA. Ndiyamba ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi mavuto. Apa ndikutanthauza mmene mabanja kapena madera atha kuthana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi monga ngati omwe takambirana kalewa. Mmaganizo anu, njira zotsatirazi zothanirana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi zasintha motani pakhomo lanu lino ngati zasinthako: a. The first strategy is changing what your household eats to deal with shocks, for example, relying on less preferred and less expensive foods. What changes has your household made in dietary (food) make-up or what you eat to cope with shocks since the project began? Ensure they talk about the dietary mix used to deal with shocks before WALA and after. Njira yoyamba ndi kusintha zomwe mabanja amadya kuti athane ndi mavuto, mwachitsanzo, kudalira chakudya chomwe ambiri sachikonda kapena chotsika mtengo. Kodi ndi kusintha kuti komwe khomo lanu lapanga pokhudzana ndi madyedwe kuti muthane ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi kuyambira pomwe pulojekiti inayambira? 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 9 WALA Evaluation b. The second strategy is sources and amount of short-term food your household can access, for example borrowing food from a friend or relative, gathering wild foods, hunting, harvesting immature crops, or consuming seed stock held for the next season. How has your household changed in terms of the source and amount of short￾term household food you have available and use? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Njira yachiwiri ndi kapezedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mwakanthawi zomwe mabanja angapeze, mwachitsanzo, kubwereka chakudya kuchokera kwa mzawo kapena wachibale, kutola zakudya za mtchire, kusaka nyama, kukolora mbeu yomwe sinankhwime kapena kudya mbeu yosungidwa yoti adzadzale nyengo yolima ikubwerayo. Kodi khomo lanu lino lasintha bwanji pa kapezedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mwakanthawi chabe? c. The third strategy is decreasing the number of people in your household as a coping mechanism to deal with shocks through sending children to eat with neighbors or relatives, sending household members to beg, and the like. Has your household changed how you use this coping mechanism to deal with shocks either in how much you use it or how you use it? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Njira yachitatu ndi yochepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu pakhomo ngati njira imodzi yothanirana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi monga kutumiza ana kuti akadye kwa anthu oyandikana nawo kapena achibale, kutumiza anthu ena apakhomo kuti adzipemphetsa ndi zina zotero. Pakhomo lanu lino, mukuganiza kuti pali kusintha pakagwiritsidwe ka njira imeneyi yothanirana ndi mavuto potengera kuti ikugwilitsidwa ntchito mowilikiza bwanji kapena kuti ikugwilitsidwa ntchito motani? d. Finally, rationing is a strategy to cope with shocks, meaning limiting portion size at mealtimes or reducing the number of meals eaten in a day. Since the project began, has your household changed the amount of rationing you use or have you used different rationing strategies to deal with shocks and stresses? Ensure they talk about whether/how the strategy was used to deal with shocks before and after WALA. Pomaliza, kuchepetsa mlingo kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapenanso kuchepetsa nambala ya zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa patsiku ndi njira yothanirana ndi mavuto. Chiyambireni pulojekitiyi, mukuganiza kuti khomo lanu lino lasintha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya, kapena mumagwiritsa ntchito njira zina za kagawidwe ka chakudya komwe mumachita ndi cholinga chofuna kuthana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidziwa? 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 10 WALA Evaluation 6. Now I would like to ask you about some other strategies your household might have adopted since the project began. To maintain a sustainable livelihood in the face of shocks, has your household diversified income sources? We want to know if WALA strategies have been adopted, used, expanded, and/or changed over time. We’re interested in knowing when and how the strategies have changed, and if possible why and how they are used. Tsopano ndikufuna ndikufunseni za njira zina zomwe khomo lanu lino linayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chiyambireni pulojekitiyi. Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi khomo lanu lino lapeza njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera chuma? If yes, a. What changes in income sources have you used, and how has this worked? Kodi ndi njira ziti zosinthika zopezera chuma zomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito ndiponso zagwira ntchito bwanji? b. Has your household continued activities such as farming, livestock production and fisheries to the same extent? Kodi khomo lanu likadapitilizabe ntchito ngati ulimi, ulimi wa ziweto kapena ulimi wa nsomba monga mmene munkachitira? c. Has your household taken crop or livestock insurance? Kodi khomo lanu latengapo chitetezo kapena kuti insuransi ya mbeu kapena ziweto? If yes, i. Please tell me about the changes you made. Chonde ndifotokozereni zomwe mwasintha. d. To maintain a sustainable livelihood in the face of shocks, has your household used savings and loan groups or banks more than you had before the project began? Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi khomo lanu lino lagwiritsa ntchito magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena mabanki kuposa mmene munkachitira pulojekitiyi isanayambe? If yes, i. Has your household used savings and loans groups or banks more or less since the project ended 4 years ago? Kodi khomo lanu lagwiritsa ntchito magulu osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena mabanki mochulukirapo kapena mocheperapo chimalizireni pulojekitiyi zaka zinayi zapitazi? e. To maintain a sustainable livelihood in the face of shocks, has your household increased memberships in social groups (such as savings and lending groups or mothers groups) more than you had before the project began? Pofuna kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kodi anthu a khomo lanu lino awonjeza umembala mu magulu monga osungitsa ndi kubwereketsa ndalama kapena magulu a amayi mochulukirapo kusiyana ndi mmene zinaliri pulojekitiyi isanayambe? 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 11 WALA Evaluation If yes, i. Has your household increased or decreased memberships in social groups since the project ended 4 years ago? Kodi khomo lanu lawonjenjezera kapena kuchepetsa umembala mu magulu osiyanasiyana chimalizireni pulojekitiyi zaka zinayi zapitazi? f. Of the strategies we have discussed to maintain sustainable livelihoods in the face of shocks, or other strategies that you know about, which strategies have made the greatest contributions to helping your household become more secure in your access to food year-round and able to deal with shocks? Njira zimene takambirana zokhudza kukhala ndi miyoyo yokhazikika munthawi ya mavuto adzidzidzi, kapena njira zina zomwe mukuzidziwa, ndi njira ziti zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kuti khomo lanu likhale ndi chakudya chokwanira chaka chonse komanso kukhala ndi upangili othana ndi mavuto ogwa mwadzidzidzi? i. Why do you think that is? Mukuganiza kuti izi zili choncho chifukwa chiyani? 7. Now thinking about since the project began, and the time since the project ended, I would like to ask you a bit about natural resource management. Has your household changed in how active you have been in watershed management compared to when the project started, and compared to when the project ended? Tsopano tikaganizira pomwe pulojekitiyi inayamba ndi pomwe inafika kumapeto, ndikufuna ndikufunseni mafunso pang’ono okhudza kusunga za chilengedwe. Kodi khomo lanu lasintha mmene limatengerapo mbali pa ntchito zosunga chilengedwe mmalo mmene mumachokera mitsinje poyerekeza ndi mmene pulojekitiyi inkayamba komanso pomwe inafika kumapeto? a. During the project and in the last four years has your household applied new seeds or agriculture methods? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi khomo lanu lino labzalapo mbeu zatsopano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira za makono za ulimi? b. During the project and in the last four years has your household changed how you manage insects and other crop pests or diseases? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi khomo lanu lino lasintha mmene limathanirana ndi tizilombo toononga mbeu kapena matenda? c. During the project and in the last four years has your access to weather-related early warning and response systems changed? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi kodi njira yanu yopezera mauthenga a za nyengo ndi mmene mungachitire zasintha? i. If yes, How has this affected your household? Izi zakhudza bwanji khomo lanu? 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 12 WALA Evaluation d. During the project and in the last four years, has your household adopted any soil management practices that minimize erosion or maintain soil cover, such as crop rotation or tree planting? Nthawi imene pulojekitiyi imagwira ntchito zake komanso zaka zinayi zapitazi, kodi khomo lanu likugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera nthaka kuti isakokoloke monga ngati kasinthasintha wa mbeu kapena kubzala mitengo? i. Why is that? Kodi izi zili chomwechi chifukwa chiyani? If they have adopted conservation agriculture practices (d), ask these questions. ii. What effects have these practices had on your household’s farm production? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji zokolora za khomo lanu? iii. What effects have these practices had on the amount of labor your household needs? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe khomo lanu limakhala nayo? iv. What effects have these practices had on production costs in your household? Kodi njira zimenezi zakhudza bwanji ndalama yomwe khomo lanu limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa munda? 8. Since June 2014 has your household had more or less maize you produced yourselves to consume? Kuyambira mwezi wa June 2014 kodi khomo lanu liri ndi chimanga chochuluka kapena chochepa chomwe munalima nokha kuti mudye? a. Why is that? Kodi izi zili chomwechi chifukwa chiyani? 9. I would like to refer to 2016 and the drought that occurred. In 2016, did your household require food assistance? Ndikufuna tikambe za chaka cha 2016 komanso ng’amba yomwe inachitika. Mu 2016, kodi khomo lanu lidafuna thandizo la chakudya? a. Why or Why not? Chifukwa chiyani munafuna thandizo? / Chifukwa chiyani simunafune thandizo? b. If they did require food assistance, Did the WALA program affect the amount of food assistance you needed in 2016? Kodi kuchuluka kwa thandizo lomwe mumafuna mu chaka cha 2016 linari lochepa kapena lochuluka chifukwa cha pulogalamu ya WALA? i. If so, In what way? Munjira yanji? 10.Those are all of the questions that I have. Is there anything else you’d like to tell me about the topics we discussed today? Awa ndi mafunso onse amene ndinali nawo. Palinso china choonjezera chimene mungafune kundiuza pa mitu imene takambirana lero? 4D Resilient Household Members Interview 13 WALA Evaluation Thank you for your time and participation. It is greatly appreciated. Zikomo chifukwa cha nthawi yanu komanso potenga nao mbali. Ndayamika. Turn off voice recorder. Please note any additional information about the interview, such as the language(s) used, if the participant was friendly/talkative, any problems encountered, etc. Once these notes have been taken, read them into the digital recorder.